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datacleaning.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,1066 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stderr",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "/Users/wangkaiyuan/Desktop/UPenn/Fall 2024/CIS 5190/CIS5190finalproj/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/urllib3/__init__.py:35: NotOpenSSLWarning: urllib3 v2 only supports OpenSSL 1.1.1+, currently the 'ssl' module is compiled with 'LibreSSL 2.8.3'. See: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3020\n",
+      "  warnings.warn(\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import pandas as pd\n",
+    "import requests\n",
+    "from bs4 import BeautifulSoup"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>url</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "      <td>https://www.foxnews.com/lifestyle/jack-carrs-e...</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/bruce-wi...</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/blinken-meets...</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/emily-bl...</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>https://www.foxnews.com/media/the-view-co-host...</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "                                                 url\n",
+       "0  https://www.foxnews.com/lifestyle/jack-carrs-e...\n",
+       "1  https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/bruce-wi...\n",
+       "2  https://www.foxnews.com/politics/blinken-meets...\n",
+       "3  https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/emily-bl...\n",
+       "4  https://www.foxnews.com/media/the-view-co-host..."
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# load csv file and process the data\n",
+    "urls_df = pd.read_csv('url_only_data.csv')\n",
+    "urls_df.head()\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# define the function to fetch the title of the news article\n",
+    "def fetch_title(url):\n",
+    "    try:\n",
+    "        response = requests.get(url)\n",
+    "        if response.status_code != 200:\n",
+    "            return f\"Error: {response.status_code}\"\n",
+    "        soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, \"html.parser\")\n",
+    "        # Try to find the headline based on a common class used on Fox News pages\n",
+    "        title = soup.find(\"h1\", class_=\"headline speakable\")\n",
+    "        return title.text.strip() if title else \"Title not found\"\n",
+    "    except Exception as e:\n",
+    "        return f\"Error: {e}\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def fetch_title_altered(url):\n",
+    "    try:\n",
+    "        response = requests.get(url)\n",
+    "        if response.status_code != 200:\n",
+    "            return f\"Error: {response.status_code}\"\n",
+    "        soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, \"html.parser\")\n",
+    "        # Try to find the headline based on a common class used on Fox News pages\n",
+    "        title = soup.find(\"h1\")\n",
+    "        return title.text.strip() if title else \"Title not found\"\n",
+    "    except Exception as e:\n",
+    "        return f\"Error: {e}\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# remove the '.print' from the urls\n",
+    "urls_df['url'] = urls_df['url'].str.replace('.print', '', regex=False)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "ename": "KeyboardInterrupt",
+     "evalue": "",
+     "output_type": "error",
+     "traceback": [
+      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
+      "\u001b[0;31mKeyboardInterrupt\u001b[0m                         Traceback (most recent call last)",
+      "Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[5], line 2\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# fetch the title of the news article\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 2\u001b[0m urls_df[\u001b[38;5;124m'\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mtitle\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m'\u001b[39m] \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[43murls_df\u001b[49m\u001b[43m[\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m'\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43murl\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m'\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m]\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mapply\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43mfetch_title\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n",
+      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Desktop/UPenn/Fall 2024/CIS 5190/CIS5190finalproj/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/core/series.py:4917\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mSeries.apply\u001b[0;34m(self, func, convert_dtype, args, by_row, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   4789\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mdef\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;21mapply\u001b[39m(\n\u001b[1;32m   4790\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m,\n\u001b[1;32m   4791\u001b[0m     func: AggFuncType,\n\u001b[0;32m   (...)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   4796\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;241m*\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m*\u001b[39mkwargs,\n\u001b[1;32m   4797\u001b[0m ) \u001b[38;5;241m-\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m>\u001b[39m DataFrame \u001b[38;5;241m|\u001b[39m Series:\n\u001b[1;32m   4798\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;250m    \u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124;03m\"\"\"\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m   4799\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;124;03m    Invoke function on values of Series.\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m   4800\u001b[0m \n\u001b[0;32m   (...)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   4915\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;124;03m    dtype: float64\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m   4916\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;124;03m    \"\"\"\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[0;32m-> 4917\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001b[39;00m \u001b[43mSeriesApply\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m   4918\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m   4919\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43mfunc\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m   4920\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43mconvert_dtype\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mconvert_dtype\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m   4921\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43mby_row\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mby_row\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m   4922\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43margs\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43margs\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m   4923\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43mkwargs\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mkwargs\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m   4924\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mapply\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n",
+      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Desktop/UPenn/Fall 2024/CIS 5190/CIS5190finalproj/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/core/apply.py:1427\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mSeriesApply.apply\u001b[0;34m(self)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1424\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mapply_compat()\n\u001b[1;32m   1426\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# self.func is Callable\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[0;32m-> 1427\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mapply_standard\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n",
+      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Desktop/UPenn/Fall 2024/CIS 5190/CIS5190finalproj/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/core/apply.py:1507\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mSeriesApply.apply_standard\u001b[0;34m(self)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1501\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# row-wise access\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m   1502\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# apply doesn't have a `na_action` keyword and for backward compat reasons\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m   1503\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# we need to give `na_action=\"ignore\"` for categorical data.\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m   1504\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# TODO: remove the `na_action=\"ignore\"` when that default has been changed in\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m   1505\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m#  Categorical (GH51645).\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m   1506\u001b[0m action \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mignore\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28misinstance\u001b[39m(obj\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mdtype, CategoricalDtype) \u001b[38;5;28;01melse\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28;01mNone\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[0;32m-> 1507\u001b[0m mapped \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[43mobj\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m_map_values\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m   1508\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43mmapper\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mcurried\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43mna_action\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43maction\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43mconvert\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mconvert_dtype\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m   1509\u001b[0m \u001b[43m\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m   1511\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28mlen\u001b[39m(mapped) \u001b[38;5;129;01mand\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28misinstance\u001b[39m(mapped[\u001b[38;5;241m0\u001b[39m], ABCSeries):\n\u001b[1;32m   1512\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;66;03m# GH#43986 Need to do list(mapped) in order to get treated as nested\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m   1513\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;66;03m#  See also GH#25959 regarding EA support\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m   1514\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001b[39;00m obj\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39m_constructor_expanddim(\u001b[38;5;28mlist\u001b[39m(mapped), index\u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39mobj\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mindex)\n",
+      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Desktop/UPenn/Fall 2024/CIS 5190/CIS5190finalproj/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/core/base.py:921\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mIndexOpsMixin._map_values\u001b[0;34m(self, mapper, na_action, convert)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    918\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28misinstance\u001b[39m(arr, ExtensionArray):\n\u001b[1;32m    919\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001b[39;00m arr\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mmap(mapper, na_action\u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39mna_action)\n\u001b[0;32m--> 921\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001b[39;00m \u001b[43malgorithms\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mmap_array\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43marr\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43mmapper\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43mna_action\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mna_action\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43mconvert\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mconvert\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n",
+      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Desktop/UPenn/Fall 2024/CIS 5190/CIS5190finalproj/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/core/algorithms.py:1743\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mmap_array\u001b[0;34m(arr, mapper, na_action, convert)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1741\u001b[0m values \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m arr\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mastype(\u001b[38;5;28mobject\u001b[39m, copy\u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;28;01mFalse\u001b[39;00m)\n\u001b[1;32m   1742\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m na_action \u001b[38;5;129;01mis\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28;01mNone\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[0;32m-> 1743\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001b[39;00m \u001b[43mlib\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mmap_infer\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43mvalues\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43mmapper\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43mconvert\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mconvert\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m   1744\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01melse\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m   1745\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001b[39;00m lib\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mmap_infer_mask(\n\u001b[1;32m   1746\u001b[0m         values, mapper, mask\u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39misna(values)\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mview(np\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39muint8), convert\u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39mconvert\n\u001b[1;32m   1747\u001b[0m     )\n",
+      "File \u001b[0;32mlib.pyx:2972\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.lib.map_infer\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
+      "Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[3], line 7\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mfetch_title\u001b[0;34m(url)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      5\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m response\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mstatus_code \u001b[38;5;241m!=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;241m200\u001b[39m:\n\u001b[1;32m      6\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;124mf\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mError: \u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;132;01m{\u001b[39;00mresponse\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mstatus_code\u001b[38;5;132;01m}\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 7\u001b[0m soup \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[43mBeautifulSoup\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43mresponse\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mtext\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43mhtml.parser\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m      8\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# Try to find the headline based on a common class used on Fox News pages\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m      9\u001b[0m title \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m soup\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mfind(\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mh1\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m, class_\u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mheadline speakable\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m)\n",
+      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Desktop/UPenn/Fall 2024/CIS 5190/CIS5190finalproj/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/bs4/__init__.py:335\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mBeautifulSoup.__init__\u001b[0;34m(self, markup, features, builder, parse_only, from_encoding, exclude_encodings, element_classes, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    333\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mbuilder\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39minitialize_soup(\u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m)\n\u001b[1;32m    334\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mtry\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[0;32m--> 335\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m_feed\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    336\u001b[0m     success \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;28;01mTrue\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    337\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mbreak\u001b[39;00m\n",
+      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Desktop/UPenn/Fall 2024/CIS 5190/CIS5190finalproj/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/bs4/__init__.py:478\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mBeautifulSoup._feed\u001b[0;34m(self)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    475\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# Convert the document to Unicode.\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    476\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mbuilder\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mreset()\n\u001b[0;32m--> 478\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mbuilder\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mfeed\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mmarkup\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    479\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# Close out any unfinished strings and close all the open tags.\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    480\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mendData()\n",
+      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Desktop/UPenn/Fall 2024/CIS 5190/CIS5190finalproj/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/bs4/builder/_htmlparser.py:380\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mHTMLParserTreeBuilder.feed\u001b[0;34m(self, markup)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    378\u001b[0m parser\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39msoup \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39msoup\n\u001b[1;32m    379\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mtry\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[0;32m--> 380\u001b[0m     \u001b[43mparser\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mfeed\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43mmarkup\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    381\u001b[0m     parser\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mclose()\n\u001b[1;32m    382\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mexcept\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;167;01mAssertionError\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28;01mas\u001b[39;00m e:\n\u001b[1;32m    383\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;66;03m# html.parser raises AssertionError in rare cases to\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    384\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;66;03m# indicate a fatal problem with the markup, especially\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    385\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;66;03m# when there's an error in the doctype declaration.\u001b[39;00m\n",
+      "File \u001b[0;32m/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/html/parser.py:110\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mHTMLParser.feed\u001b[0;34m(self, data)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    104\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;250m\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mr\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124;03m\"\"\"Feed data to the parser.\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    105\u001b[0m \n\u001b[1;32m    106\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;124;03mCall this as often as you want, with as little or as much text\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    107\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;124;03mas you want (may include '\\n').\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    108\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;124;03m\"\"\"\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    109\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mrawdata \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mrawdata \u001b[38;5;241m+\u001b[39m data\n\u001b[0;32m--> 110\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mgoahead\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m0\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n",
+      "File \u001b[0;32m/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/html/parser.py:172\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mHTMLParser.goahead\u001b[0;34m(self, end)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    170\u001b[0m     k \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mparse_starttag(i)\n\u001b[1;32m    171\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01melif\u001b[39;00m startswith(\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m</\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m, i):\n\u001b[0;32m--> 172\u001b[0m     k \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mparse_endtag\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43mi\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    173\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01melif\u001b[39;00m startswith(\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m<!--\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m, i):\n\u001b[1;32m    174\u001b[0m     k \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mparse_comment(i)\n",
+      "File \u001b[0;32m/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/html/parser.py:392\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mHTMLParser.parse_endtag\u001b[0;34m(self, i)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    390\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;241m-\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m1\u001b[39m\n\u001b[1;32m    391\u001b[0m gtpos \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m match\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mend()\n\u001b[0;32m--> 392\u001b[0m match \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[43mendtagfind\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mmatch\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43mrawdata\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43mi\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# </ + tag + >\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    393\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;129;01mnot\u001b[39;00m match:\n\u001b[1;32m    394\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mcdata_elem \u001b[38;5;129;01mis\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;129;01mnot\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28;01mNone\u001b[39;00m:\n",
+      "\u001b[0;31mKeyboardInterrupt\u001b[0m: "
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# fetch the title of the news article\n",
+    "urls_df['title'] = urls_df['url'].apply(fetch_title)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stderr",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "/var/folders/y8/__mdhnk12l9d1zxvj_wms9h00000gn/T/ipykernel_38707/2702622145.py:3: SettingWithCopyWarning: \n",
+      "A value is trying to be set on a copy of a slice from a DataFrame.\n",
+      "Try using .loc[row_indexer,col_indexer] = value instead\n",
+      "\n",
+      "See the caveats in the documentation: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/indexing.html#returning-a-view-versus-a-copy\n",
+      "  not_found['title'] = not_found['url'].apply(fetch_title_altered)\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# fetch the title of the news article that was not found\n",
+    "not_found = urls_df[urls_df['title'] == 'Title not found']\n",
+    "not_found['title'] = not_found['url'].apply(fetch_title_altered)\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 72,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "urls_df.update(not_found)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 75,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# remove duplicates titles\n",
+    "urls_df.drop_duplicates(subset='title', keep='first', inplace=True)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 84,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# convert title to string\n",
+    "urls_df['title'] = urls_df['title'].astype(str)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# remove the \" \"\" \" from the titles\n",
+    "urls_df['title'] = urls_df['title'].str.strip('\"')"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 93,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# save the data to a new csv file\n",
+    "urls_df.to_csv('fetched_headlines.csv', index=False)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 104,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Split the data into training and testing sets\n",
+    "from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split\n",
+    "from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer\n",
+    "from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression\n",
+    "from sklearn.metrics import classification_report\n",
+    "from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 91,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Convert the labels to binary values (0 for ’FoxNews’, 1 for ’NBC’)\n",
+    "urls_df['label'] = urls_df['url'].apply(lambda x: 0 if 'foxnews.com' in x else 1 if 'nbcnews.com' in x else None)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 97,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# split the data into training and testing sets\n",
+    "X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(urls_df['title'], urls_df['label'], test_size=0.2, random_state=42)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 98,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Convert the text data to TF-IDF features\n",
+    "vectorizer = TfidfVectorizer(stop_words='english', max_features=100)\n",
+    "X_train_tfidf = vectorizer.fit_transform(X_train)\n",
+    "X_test_tfidf = vectorizer.transform(X_test)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 99,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<style>#sk-container-id-1 {\n",
+       "  /* Definition of color scheme common for light and dark mode */\n",
+       "  --sklearn-color-text: black;\n",
+       "  --sklearn-color-line: gray;\n",
+       "  /* Definition of color scheme for unfitted estimators */\n",
+       "  --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0: #fff5e6;\n",
+       "  --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1: #f6e4d2;\n",
+       "  --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2: #ffe0b3;\n",
+       "  --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3: chocolate;\n",
+       "  /* Definition of color scheme for fitted estimators */\n",
+       "  --sklearn-color-fitted-level-0: #f0f8ff;\n",
+       "  --sklearn-color-fitted-level-1: #d4ebff;\n",
+       "  --sklearn-color-fitted-level-2: #b3dbfd;\n",
+       "  --sklearn-color-fitted-level-3: cornflowerblue;\n",
+       "\n",
+       "  /* Specific color for light theme */\n",
+       "  --sklearn-color-text-on-default-background: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, black)));\n",
+       "  --sklearn-color-background: var(--sg-background-color, var(--theme-background, var(--jp-layout-color0, white)));\n",
+       "  --sklearn-color-border-box: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, black)));\n",
+       "  --sklearn-color-icon: #696969;\n",
+       "\n",
+       "  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n",
+       "    /* Redefinition of color scheme for dark theme */\n",
+       "    --sklearn-color-text-on-default-background: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, white)));\n",
+       "    --sklearn-color-background: var(--sg-background-color, var(--theme-background, var(--jp-layout-color0, #111)));\n",
+       "    --sklearn-color-border-box: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, white)));\n",
+       "    --sklearn-color-icon: #878787;\n",
+       "  }\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 {\n",
+       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 pre {\n",
+       "  padding: 0;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 input.sk-hidden--visually {\n",
+       "  border: 0;\n",
+       "  clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px);\n",
+       "  clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\n",
+       "  height: 1px;\n",
+       "  margin: -1px;\n",
+       "  overflow: hidden;\n",
+       "  padding: 0;\n",
+       "  position: absolute;\n",
+       "  width: 1px;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-dashed-wrapped {\n",
+       "  border: 1px dashed var(--sklearn-color-line);\n",
+       "  margin: 0 0.4em 0.5em 0.4em;\n",
+       "  box-sizing: border-box;\n",
+       "  padding-bottom: 0.4em;\n",
+       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-container {\n",
+       "  /* jupyter's `normalize.less` sets `[hidden] { display: none; }`\n",
+       "     but bootstrap.min.css set `[hidden] { display: none !important; }`\n",
+       "     so we also need the `!important` here to be able to override the\n",
+       "     default hidden behavior on the sphinx rendered scikit-learn.org.\n",
+       "     See: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/issues/21755 */\n",
+       "  display: inline-block !important;\n",
+       "  position: relative;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-text-repr-fallback {\n",
+       "  display: none;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "div.sk-parallel-item,\n",
+       "div.sk-serial,\n",
+       "div.sk-item {\n",
+       "  /* draw centered vertical line to link estimators */\n",
+       "  background-image: linear-gradient(var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background), var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background));\n",
+       "  background-size: 2px 100%;\n",
+       "  background-repeat: no-repeat;\n",
+       "  background-position: center center;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "/* Parallel-specific style estimator block */\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel-item::after {\n",
+       "  content: \"\";\n",
+       "  width: 100%;\n",
+       "  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background);\n",
+       "  flex-grow: 1;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel {\n",
+       "  display: flex;\n",
+       "  align-items: stretch;\n",
+       "  justify-content: center;\n",
+       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
+       "  position: relative;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel-item {\n",
+       "  display: flex;\n",
+       "  flex-direction: column;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel-item:first-child::after {\n",
+       "  align-self: flex-end;\n",
+       "  width: 50%;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel-item:last-child::after {\n",
+       "  align-self: flex-start;\n",
+       "  width: 50%;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel-item:only-child::after {\n",
+       "  width: 0;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "/* Serial-specific style estimator block */\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-serial {\n",
+       "  display: flex;\n",
+       "  flex-direction: column;\n",
+       "  align-items: center;\n",
+       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
+       "  padding-right: 1em;\n",
+       "  padding-left: 1em;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "\n",
+       "/* Toggleable style: style used for estimator/Pipeline/ColumnTransformer box that is\n",
+       "clickable and can be expanded/collapsed.\n",
+       "- Pipeline and ColumnTransformer use this feature and define the default style\n",
+       "- Estimators will overwrite some part of the style using the `sk-estimator` class\n",
+       "*/\n",
+       "\n",
+       "/* Pipeline and ColumnTransformer style (default) */\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-toggleable {\n",
+       "  /* Default theme specific background. It is overwritten whether we have a\n",
+       "  specific estimator or a Pipeline/ColumnTransformer */\n",
+       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "/* Toggleable label */\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
+       "  cursor: pointer;\n",
+       "  display: block;\n",
+       "  width: 100%;\n",
+       "  margin-bottom: 0;\n",
+       "  padding: 0.5em;\n",
+       "  box-sizing: border-box;\n",
+       "  text-align: center;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {\n",
+       "  /* Arrow on the left of the label */\n",
+       "  content: \"▸\";\n",
+       "  float: left;\n",
+       "  margin-right: 0.25em;\n",
+       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-icon);\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:hover:before {\n",
+       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "/* Toggleable content - dropdown */\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-toggleable__content {\n",
+       "  max-height: 0;\n",
+       "  max-width: 0;\n",
+       "  overflow: hidden;\n",
+       "  text-align: left;\n",
+       "  /* unfitted */\n",
+       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-toggleable__content.fitted {\n",
+       "  /* fitted */\n",
+       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-toggleable__content pre {\n",
+       "  margin: 0.2em;\n",
+       "  border-radius: 0.25em;\n",
+       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
+       "  /* unfitted */\n",
+       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-toggleable__content.fitted pre {\n",
+       "  /* unfitted */\n",
+       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~div.sk-toggleable__content {\n",
+       "  /* Expand drop-down */\n",
+       "  max-height: 200px;\n",
+       "  max-width: 100%;\n",
+       "  overflow: auto;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {\n",
+       "  content: \"▾\";\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "/* Pipeline/ColumnTransformer-specific style */\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
+       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
+       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label.fitted input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
+       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "/* Estimator-specific style */\n",
+       "\n",
+       "/* Colorize estimator box */\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-estimator input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
+       "  /* unfitted */\n",
+       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-estimator.fitted input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
+       "  /* fitted */\n",
+       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label label.sk-toggleable__label,\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label label {\n",
+       "  /* The background is the default theme color */\n",
+       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background);\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "/* On hover, darken the color of the background */\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label:hover label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
+       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
+       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "/* Label box, darken color on hover, fitted */\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label.fitted:hover label.sk-toggleable__label.fitted {\n",
+       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
+       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "/* Estimator label */\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label label {\n",
+       "  font-family: monospace;\n",
+       "  font-weight: bold;\n",
+       "  display: inline-block;\n",
+       "  line-height: 1.2em;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label-container {\n",
+       "  text-align: center;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "/* Estimator-specific */\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-estimator {\n",
+       "  font-family: monospace;\n",
+       "  border: 1px dotted var(--sklearn-color-border-box);\n",
+       "  border-radius: 0.25em;\n",
+       "  box-sizing: border-box;\n",
+       "  margin-bottom: 0.5em;\n",
+       "  /* unfitted */\n",
+       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-estimator.fitted {\n",
+       "  /* fitted */\n",
+       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "/* on hover */\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-estimator:hover {\n",
+       "  /* unfitted */\n",
+       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-estimator.fitted:hover {\n",
+       "  /* fitted */\n",
+       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "/* Specification for estimator info (e.g. \"i\" and \"?\") */\n",
+       "\n",
+       "/* Common style for \"i\" and \"?\" */\n",
+       "\n",
+       ".sk-estimator-doc-link,\n",
+       "a:link.sk-estimator-doc-link,\n",
+       "a:visited.sk-estimator-doc-link {\n",
+       "  float: right;\n",
+       "  font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "  line-height: 1em;\n",
+       "  font-family: monospace;\n",
+       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
+       "  border-radius: 1em;\n",
+       "  height: 1em;\n",
+       "  width: 1em;\n",
+       "  text-decoration: none !important;\n",
+       "  margin-left: 1ex;\n",
+       "  /* unfitted */\n",
+       "  border: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
+       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1);\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted,\n",
+       "a:link.sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted,\n",
+       "a:visited.sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted {\n",
+       "  /* fitted */\n",
+       "  border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
+       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1);\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "/* On hover */\n",
+       "div.sk-estimator:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,\n",
+       ".sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,\n",
+       "div.sk-label-container:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,\n",
+       ".sk-estimator-doc-link:hover {\n",
+       "  /* unfitted */\n",
+       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);\n",
+       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
+       "  text-decoration: none;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "div.sk-estimator.fitted:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,\n",
+       ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,\n",
+       "div.sk-label-container:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,\n",
+       ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover {\n",
+       "  /* fitted */\n",
+       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);\n",
+       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
+       "  text-decoration: none;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "/* Span, style for the box shown on hovering the info icon */\n",
+       ".sk-estimator-doc-link span {\n",
+       "  display: none;\n",
+       "  z-index: 9999;\n",
+       "  position: relative;\n",
+       "  font-weight: normal;\n",
+       "  right: .2ex;\n",
+       "  padding: .5ex;\n",
+       "  margin: .5ex;\n",
+       "  width: min-content;\n",
+       "  min-width: 20ex;\n",
+       "  max-width: 50ex;\n",
+       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
+       "  box-shadow: 2pt 2pt 4pt #999;\n",
+       "  /* unfitted */\n",
+       "  background: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
+       "  border: .5pt solid var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted span {\n",
+       "  /* fitted */\n",
+       "  background: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
+       "  border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       ".sk-estimator-doc-link:hover span {\n",
+       "  display: block;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "/* \"?\"-specific style due to the `<a>` HTML tag */\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 a.estimator_doc_link {\n",
+       "  float: right;\n",
+       "  font-size: 1rem;\n",
+       "  line-height: 1em;\n",
+       "  font-family: monospace;\n",
+       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
+       "  border-radius: 1rem;\n",
+       "  height: 1rem;\n",
+       "  width: 1rem;\n",
+       "  text-decoration: none;\n",
+       "  /* unfitted */\n",
+       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1);\n",
+       "  border: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 a.estimator_doc_link.fitted {\n",
+       "  /* fitted */\n",
+       "  border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
+       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1);\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "/* On hover */\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 a.estimator_doc_link:hover {\n",
+       "  /* unfitted */\n",
+       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);\n",
+       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
+       "  text-decoration: none;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "\n",
+       "#sk-container-id-1 a.estimator_doc_link.fitted:hover {\n",
+       "  /* fitted */\n",
+       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "</style><div id=\"sk-container-id-1\" class=\"sk-top-container\"><div class=\"sk-text-repr-fallback\"><pre>LogisticRegression()</pre><b>In a Jupyter environment, please rerun this cell to show the HTML representation or trust the notebook. <br />On GitHub, the HTML representation is unable to render, please try loading this page with nbviewer.org.</b></div><div class=\"sk-container\" hidden><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-estimator fitted sk-toggleable\"><input class=\"sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually\" id=\"sk-estimator-id-1\" type=\"checkbox\" checked><label for=\"sk-estimator-id-1\" class=\"sk-toggleable__label fitted sk-toggleable__label-arrow fitted\">&nbsp;&nbsp;LogisticRegression<a class=\"sk-estimator-doc-link fitted\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://scikit-learn.org/1.5/modules/generated/sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression.html\">?<span>Documentation for LogisticRegression</span></a><span class=\"sk-estimator-doc-link fitted\">i<span>Fitted</span></span></label><div class=\"sk-toggleable__content fitted\"><pre>LogisticRegression()</pre></div> </div></div></div></div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "LogisticRegression()"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 99,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# Train a Logistic Regression model\n",
+    "model = LogisticRegression(max_iter=100)\n",
+    "model.fit(X_train_tfidf, y_train)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 100,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "y_pred = model.predict(X_test_tfidf)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 105,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Accuracy: 0.7084\n",
+      "Classification Report:\n",
+      "               precision    recall  f1-score   support\n",
+      "\n",
+      "           0       0.72      0.80      0.76       427\n",
+      "           1       0.70      0.59      0.64       331\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    accuracy                           0.71       758\n",
+      "   macro avg       0.71      0.70      0.70       758\n",
+      "weighted avg       0.71      0.71      0.70       758\n",
+      "\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 7. Evaluate the model\n",
+    "accuracy = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred)\n",
+    "print(f\"Accuracy: {accuracy:.4f}\")\n",
+    "print(\"Classification Report:\\n\", classification_report(y_test, y_pred)\n",
+    ")"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 7,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "<bound method NDFrame.head of                                                     url  \\\n",
+       "0     https://www.foxnews.com/lifestyle/jack-carrs-e...   \n",
+       "1     https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/bruce-wi...   \n",
+       "2     https://www.foxnews.com/politics/blinken-meets...   \n",
+       "3     https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/emily-bl...   \n",
+       "4     https://www.foxnews.com/media/the-view-co-host...   \n",
+       "...                                                 ...   \n",
+       "3784  https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-election...   \n",
+       "3785  https://www.nbcnews.com/select/shopping/best-a...   \n",
+       "3786  https://www.nbcnews.com/select/shopping/best-v...   \n",
+       "3787  https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-election...   \n",
+       "3788  https://www.nbcnews.com/select/shopping/white-...   \n",
+       "\n",
+       "                                                  title  label  \n",
+       "0     Jack Carr recalls Gen. Eisenhower's D-Day memo...      0  \n",
+       "1     Bruce Willis, Demi Moore avoided doing one thi...      0  \n",
+       "2     Blinken meets Qatar PM, says Israeli actions a...      0  \n",
+       "3     Emily Blunt says her ‘toes curl’ when people t...      0  \n",
+       "4     'The View' co-host, CNN commentator Ana Navarr...      0  \n",
+       "...                                                 ...    ...  \n",
+       "3784  Trump's lawyers seek post-Election Day delay f...      1  \n",
+       "3785  How to treat acne scars and hyperpigmentation,...      1  \n",
+       "3786  7 best vegetarian and vegan meal delivery serv...      1  \n",
+       "3787  Trump says presidential civilian award is 'bet...      1  \n",
+       "3788  19 best white elephant and Secret Santa gift i...      1  \n",
+       "\n",
+       "[3789 rows x 3 columns]>"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 7,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df = pd.read_csv('fetched_headlines.csv')\n",
+    "df.head"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>url</th>\n",
+       "      <th>title</th>\n",
+       "      <th>label</th>\n",
+       "      <th>outlet</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "      <td>https://www.foxnews.com/lifestyle/jack-carrs-e...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Jack Carr recalls Gen. Eisenhower's D-Day memo...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>FoxNews</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/bruce-wi...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Bruce Willis, Demi Moore avoided doing one thi...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>FoxNews</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/blinken-meets...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Blinken meets Qatar PM, says Israeli actions a...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>FoxNews</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/emily-bl...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Emily Blunt says her ‘toes curl’ when people t...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>FoxNews</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>https://www.foxnews.com/media/the-view-co-host...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>'The View' co-host, CNN commentator Ana Navarr...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>FoxNews</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "                                                 url  \\\n",
+       "0  https://www.foxnews.com/lifestyle/jack-carrs-e...   \n",
+       "1  https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/bruce-wi...   \n",
+       "2  https://www.foxnews.com/politics/blinken-meets...   \n",
+       "3  https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/emily-bl...   \n",
+       "4  https://www.foxnews.com/media/the-view-co-host...   \n",
+       "\n",
+       "                                               title  label   outlet  \n",
+       "0  Jack Carr recalls Gen. Eisenhower's D-Day memo...      0  FoxNews  \n",
+       "1  Bruce Willis, Demi Moore avoided doing one thi...      0  FoxNews  \n",
+       "2  Blinken meets Qatar PM, says Israeli actions a...      0  FoxNews  \n",
+       "3  Emily Blunt says her ‘toes curl’ when people t...      0  FoxNews  \n",
+       "4  'The View' co-host, CNN commentator Ana Navarr...      0  FoxNews  "
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 8,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df['outlet'] = df['url'].apply(lambda x: 'FoxNews' if 'foxnews.com' in x else 'NBC')\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 10,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>title</th>\n",
+       "      <th>outlet</th>\n",
+       "      <th>label</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Jack Carr recalls Gen. Eisenhower's D-Day memo...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>FoxNews</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Bruce Willis, Demi Moore avoided doing one thi...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>FoxNews</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Blinken meets Qatar PM, says Israeli actions a...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>FoxNews</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Emily Blunt says her ‘toes curl’ when people t...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>FoxNews</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>'The View' co-host, CNN commentator Ana Navarr...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>FoxNews</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "                                               title   outlet  label\n",
+       "0  Jack Carr recalls Gen. Eisenhower's D-Day memo...  FoxNews      1\n",
+       "1  Bruce Willis, Demi Moore avoided doing one thi...  FoxNews      1\n",
+       "2  Blinken meets Qatar PM, says Israeli actions a...  FoxNews      1\n",
+       "3  Emily Blunt says her ‘toes curl’ when people t...  FoxNews      1\n",
+       "4  'The View' co-host, CNN commentator Ana Navarr...  FoxNews      1"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 10,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# Swap label and outlet position and update label values\n",
+    "df['label'] = df['outlet'].apply(lambda x: 1 if x == 'FoxNews' else 0)\n",
+    "df = df[[ 'title', 'outlet', 'label']]\n",
+    "df.head()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 11,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "df.to_csv('train_data.csv', index=False)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 12,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "array([<class 'str'>], dtype=object)"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 12,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df['title'].apply(type).unique()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": ".venv",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.9.6"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 2
+}