Create basicsr/degradations.py

basicsr/degradations.py

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+import cv2
+import math
+import numpy as np
+import random
+import torch
+from scipy import special
+from scipy.stats import multivariate_normal
+from torchvision.transforms.functional import rgb_to_grayscale
+
+# -------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# --------------------------- blur kernels --------------------------- #
+# -------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+
+
+# --------------------------- util functions --------------------------- #
+def sigma_matrix2(sig_x, sig_y, theta):
+    """Calculate the rotated sigma matrix (two dimensional matrix).
+
+    Args:
+        sig_x (float):
+        sig_y (float):
+        theta (float): Radian measurement.
+
+    Returns:
+        ndarray: Rotated sigma matrix.
+    """
+    d_matrix = np.array([[sig_x**2, 0], [0, sig_y**2]])
+    u_matrix = np.array([[np.cos(theta), -np.sin(theta)], [np.sin(theta), np.cos(theta)]])
+    return np.dot(u_matrix, np.dot(d_matrix, u_matrix.T))
+
+
+def mesh_grid(kernel_size):
+    """Generate the mesh grid, centering at zero.
+
+    Args:
+        kernel_size (int):
+
+    Returns:
+        xy (ndarray): with the shape (kernel_size, kernel_size, 2)
+        xx (ndarray): with the shape (kernel_size, kernel_size)
+        yy (ndarray): with the shape (kernel_size, kernel_size)
+    """
+    ax = np.arange(-kernel_size // 2 + 1., kernel_size // 2 + 1.)
+    xx, yy = np.meshgrid(ax, ax)
+    xy = np.hstack((xx.reshape((kernel_size * kernel_size, 1)), yy.reshape(kernel_size * kernel_size,
+                                                                           1))).reshape(kernel_size, kernel_size, 2)
+    return xy, xx, yy
+
+
+def pdf2(sigma_matrix, grid):
+    """Calculate PDF of the bivariate Gaussian distribution.
+
+    Args:
+        sigma_matrix (ndarray): with the shape (2, 2)
+        grid (ndarray): generated by :func:`mesh_grid`,
+            with the shape (K, K, 2), K is the kernel size.
+
+    Returns:
+        kernel (ndarrray): un-normalized kernel.
+    """
+    inverse_sigma = np.linalg.inv(sigma_matrix)
+    kernel = np.exp(-0.5 * np.sum(np.dot(grid, inverse_sigma) * grid, 2))
+    return kernel
+
+
+def cdf2(d_matrix, grid):
+    """Calculate the CDF of the standard bivariate Gaussian distribution.
+        Used in skewed Gaussian distribution.
+
+    Args:
+        d_matrix (ndarrasy): skew matrix.
+        grid (ndarray): generated by :func:`mesh_grid`,
+            with the shape (K, K, 2), K is the kernel size.
+
+    Returns:
+        cdf (ndarray): skewed cdf.
+    """
+    rv = multivariate_normal([0, 0], [[1, 0], [0, 1]])
+    grid = np.dot(grid, d_matrix)
+    cdf = rv.cdf(grid)
+    return cdf
+
+
+def bivariate_Gaussian(kernel_size, sig_x, sig_y, theta, grid=None, isotropic=True):
+    """Generate a bivariate isotropic or anisotropic Gaussian kernel.
+
+    In the isotropic mode, only `sig_x` is used. `sig_y` and `theta` is ignored.
+
+    Args:
+        kernel_size (int):
+        sig_x (float):
+        sig_y (float):
+        theta (float): Radian measurement.
+        grid (ndarray, optional): generated by :func:`mesh_grid`,
+            with the shape (K, K, 2), K is the kernel size. Default: None
+        isotropic (bool):
+
+    Returns:
+        kernel (ndarray): normalized kernel.
+    """
+    if grid is None:
+        grid, _, _ = mesh_grid(kernel_size)
+    if isotropic:
+        sigma_matrix = np.array([[sig_x**2, 0], [0, sig_x**2]])
+    else:
+        sigma_matrix = sigma_matrix2(sig_x, sig_y, theta)
+    kernel = pdf2(sigma_matrix, grid)
+    kernel = kernel / np.sum(kernel)
+    return kernel
+
+
+def bivariate_generalized_Gaussian(kernel_size, sig_x, sig_y, theta, beta, grid=None, isotropic=True):
+    """Generate a bivariate generalized Gaussian kernel.
+
+    ``Paper: Parameter Estimation For Multivariate Generalized Gaussian Distributions``
+
+    In the isotropic mode, only `sig_x` is used. `sig_y` and `theta` is ignored.
+
+    Args:
+        kernel_size (int):
+        sig_x (float):
+        sig_y (float):
+        theta (float): Radian measurement.
+        beta (float): shape parameter, beta = 1 is the normal distribution.
+        grid (ndarray, optional): generated by :func:`mesh_grid`,
+            with the shape (K, K, 2), K is the kernel size. Default: None
+
+    Returns:
+        kernel (ndarray): normalized kernel.
+    """
+    if grid is None:
+        grid, _, _ = mesh_grid(kernel_size)
+    if isotropic:
+        sigma_matrix = np.array([[sig_x**2, 0], [0, sig_x**2]])
+    else:
+        sigma_matrix = sigma_matrix2(sig_x, sig_y, theta)
+    inverse_sigma = np.linalg.inv(sigma_matrix)
+    kernel = np.exp(-0.5 * np.power(np.sum(np.dot(grid, inverse_sigma) * grid, 2), beta))
+    kernel = kernel / np.sum(kernel)
+    return kernel
+
+
+def bivariate_plateau(kernel_size, sig_x, sig_y, theta, beta, grid=None, isotropic=True):
+    """Generate a plateau-like anisotropic kernel.
+
+    1 / (1+x^(beta))
+
+    Reference: https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/203629/is-there-a-plateau-shaped-distribution
+
+    In the isotropic mode, only `sig_x` is used. `sig_y` and `theta` is ignored.
+
+    Args:
+        kernel_size (int):
+        sig_x (float):
+        sig_y (float):
+        theta (float): Radian measurement.
+        beta (float): shape parameter, beta = 1 is the normal distribution.
+        grid (ndarray, optional): generated by :func:`mesh_grid`,
+            with the shape (K, K, 2), K is the kernel size. Default: None
+
+    Returns:
+        kernel (ndarray): normalized kernel.
+    """
+    if grid is None:
+        grid, _, _ = mesh_grid(kernel_size)
+    if isotropic:
+        sigma_matrix = np.array([[sig_x**2, 0], [0, sig_x**2]])
+    else:
+        sigma_matrix = sigma_matrix2(sig_x, sig_y, theta)
+    inverse_sigma = np.linalg.inv(sigma_matrix)
+    kernel = np.reciprocal(np.power(np.sum(np.dot(grid, inverse_sigma) * grid, 2), beta) + 1)
+    kernel = kernel / np.sum(kernel)
+    return kernel
+
+
+def random_bivariate_Gaussian(kernel_size,
+                              sigma_x_range,
+                              sigma_y_range,
+                              rotation_range,
+                              noise_range=None,
+                              isotropic=True):
+    """Randomly generate bivariate isotropic or anisotropic Gaussian kernels.
+
+    In the isotropic mode, only `sigma_x_range` is used. `sigma_y_range` and `rotation_range` is ignored.
+
+    Args:
+        kernel_size (int):
+        sigma_x_range (tuple): [0.6, 5]
+        sigma_y_range (tuple): [0.6, 5]
+        rotation range (tuple): [-math.pi, math.pi]
+        noise_range(tuple, optional): multiplicative kernel noise,
+            [0.75, 1.25]. Default: None
+
+    Returns:
+        kernel (ndarray):
+    """
+    assert kernel_size % 2 == 1, 'Kernel size must be an odd number.'
+    assert sigma_x_range[0] < sigma_x_range[1], 'Wrong sigma_x_range.'
+    sigma_x = np.random.uniform(sigma_x_range[0], sigma_x_range[1])
+    if isotropic is False:
+        assert sigma_y_range[0] < sigma_y_range[1], 'Wrong sigma_y_range.'
+        assert rotation_range[0] < rotation_range[1], 'Wrong rotation_range.'
+        sigma_y = np.random.uniform(sigma_y_range[0], sigma_y_range[1])
+        rotation = np.random.uniform(rotation_range[0], rotation_range[1])
+    else:
+        sigma_y = sigma_x
+        rotation = 0
+
+    kernel = bivariate_Gaussian(kernel_size, sigma_x, sigma_y, rotation, isotropic=isotropic)
+
+    # add multiplicative noise
+    if noise_range is not None:
+        assert noise_range[0] < noise_range[1], 'Wrong noise range.'
+        noise = np.random.uniform(noise_range[0], noise_range[1], size=kernel.shape)
+        kernel = kernel * noise
+    kernel = kernel / np.sum(kernel)
+    return kernel
+
+
+def random_bivariate_generalized_Gaussian(kernel_size,
+                                          sigma_x_range,
+                                          sigma_y_range,
+                                          rotation_range,
+                                          beta_range,
+                                          noise_range=None,
+                                          isotropic=True):
+    """Randomly generate bivariate generalized Gaussian kernels.
+
+    In the isotropic mode, only `sigma_x_range` is used. `sigma_y_range` and `rotation_range` is ignored.
+
+    Args:
+        kernel_size (int):
+        sigma_x_range (tuple): [0.6, 5]
+        sigma_y_range (tuple): [0.6, 5]
+        rotation range (tuple): [-math.pi, math.pi]
+        beta_range (tuple): [0.5, 8]
+        noise_range(tuple, optional): multiplicative kernel noise,
+            [0.75, 1.25]. Default: None
+
+    Returns:
+        kernel (ndarray):
+    """
+    assert kernel_size % 2 == 1, 'Kernel size must be an odd number.'
+    assert sigma_x_range[0] < sigma_x_range[1], 'Wrong sigma_x_range.'
+    sigma_x = np.random.uniform(sigma_x_range[0], sigma_x_range[1])
+    if isotropic is False:
+        assert sigma_y_range[0] < sigma_y_range[1], 'Wrong sigma_y_range.'
+        assert rotation_range[0] < rotation_range[1], 'Wrong rotation_range.'
+        sigma_y = np.random.uniform(sigma_y_range[0], sigma_y_range[1])
+        rotation = np.random.uniform(rotation_range[0], rotation_range[1])
+    else:
+        sigma_y = sigma_x
+        rotation = 0
+
+    # assume beta_range[0] < 1 < beta_range[1]
+    if np.random.uniform() < 0.5:
+        beta = np.random.uniform(beta_range[0], 1)
+    else:
+        beta = np.random.uniform(1, beta_range[1])
+
+    kernel = bivariate_generalized_Gaussian(kernel_size, sigma_x, sigma_y, rotation, beta, isotropic=isotropic)
+
+    # add multiplicative noise
+    if noise_range is not None:
+        assert noise_range[0] < noise_range[1], 'Wrong noise range.'
+        noise = np.random.uniform(noise_range[0], noise_range[1], size=kernel.shape)
+        kernel = kernel * noise
+    kernel = kernel / np.sum(kernel)
+    return kernel
+
+
+def random_bivariate_plateau(kernel_size,
+                             sigma_x_range,
+                             sigma_y_range,
+                             rotation_range,
+                             beta_range,
+                             noise_range=None,
+                             isotropic=True):
+    """Randomly generate bivariate plateau kernels.
+
+    In the isotropic mode, only `sigma_x_range` is used. `sigma_y_range` and `rotation_range` is ignored.
+
+    Args:
+        kernel_size (int):
+        sigma_x_range (tuple): [0.6, 5]
+        sigma_y_range (tuple): [0.6, 5]
+        rotation range (tuple): [-math.pi/2, math.pi/2]
+        beta_range (tuple): [1, 4]
+        noise_range(tuple, optional): multiplicative kernel noise,
+            [0.75, 1.25]. Default: None
+
+    Returns:
+        kernel (ndarray):
+    """
+    assert kernel_size % 2 == 1, 'Kernel size must be an odd number.'
+    assert sigma_x_range[0] < sigma_x_range[1], 'Wrong sigma_x_range.'
+    sigma_x = np.random.uniform(sigma_x_range[0], sigma_x_range[1])
+    if isotropic is False:
+        assert sigma_y_range[0] < sigma_y_range[1], 'Wrong sigma_y_range.'
+        assert rotation_range[0] < rotation_range[1], 'Wrong rotation_range.'
+        sigma_y = np.random.uniform(sigma_y_range[0], sigma_y_range[1])
+        rotation = np.random.uniform(rotation_range[0], rotation_range[1])
+    else:
+        sigma_y = sigma_x
+        rotation = 0
+
+    # TODO: this may be not proper
+    if np.random.uniform() < 0.5:
+        beta = np.random.uniform(beta_range[0], 1)
+    else:
+        beta = np.random.uniform(1, beta_range[1])
+
+    kernel = bivariate_plateau(kernel_size, sigma_x, sigma_y, rotation, beta, isotropic=isotropic)
+    # add multiplicative noise
+    if noise_range is not None:
+        assert noise_range[0] < noise_range[1], 'Wrong noise range.'
+        noise = np.random.uniform(noise_range[0], noise_range[1], size=kernel.shape)
+        kernel = kernel * noise
+    kernel = kernel / np.sum(kernel)
+
+    return kernel
+
+
+def random_mixed_kernels(kernel_list,
+                         kernel_prob,
+                         kernel_size=21,
+                         sigma_x_range=(0.6, 5),
+                         sigma_y_range=(0.6, 5),
+                         rotation_range=(-math.pi, math.pi),
+                         betag_range=(0.5, 8),
+                         betap_range=(0.5, 8),
+                         noise_range=None):
+    """Randomly generate mixed kernels.
+
+    Args:
+        kernel_list (tuple): a list name of kernel types,
+            support ['iso', 'aniso', 'skew', 'generalized', 'plateau_iso',
+            'plateau_aniso']
+        kernel_prob (tuple): corresponding kernel probability for each
+            kernel type
+        kernel_size (int):
+        sigma_x_range (tuple): [0.6, 5]
+        sigma_y_range (tuple): [0.6, 5]
+        rotation range (tuple): [-math.pi, math.pi]
+        beta_range (tuple): [0.5, 8]
+        noise_range(tuple, optional): multiplicative kernel noise,
+            [0.75, 1.25]. Default: None
+
+    Returns:
+        kernel (ndarray):
+    """
+    kernel_type = random.choices(kernel_list, kernel_prob)[0]
+    if kernel_type == 'iso':
+        kernel = random_bivariate_Gaussian(
+            kernel_size, sigma_x_range, sigma_y_range, rotation_range, noise_range=noise_range, isotropic=True)
+    elif kernel_type == 'aniso':
+        kernel = random_bivariate_Gaussian(
+            kernel_size, sigma_x_range, sigma_y_range, rotation_range, noise_range=noise_range, isotropic=False)
+    elif kernel_type == 'generalized_iso':
+        kernel = random_bivariate_generalized_Gaussian(
+            kernel_size,
+            sigma_x_range,
+            sigma_y_range,
+            rotation_range,
+            betag_range,
+            noise_range=noise_range,
+            isotropic=True)
+    elif kernel_type == 'generalized_aniso':
+        kernel = random_bivariate_generalized_Gaussian(
+            kernel_size,
+            sigma_x_range,
+            sigma_y_range,
+            rotation_range,
+            betag_range,
+            noise_range=noise_range,
+            isotropic=False)
+    elif kernel_type == 'plateau_iso':
+        kernel = random_bivariate_plateau(
+            kernel_size, sigma_x_range, sigma_y_range, rotation_range, betap_range, noise_range=None, isotropic=True)
+    elif kernel_type == 'plateau_aniso':
+        kernel = random_bivariate_plateau(
+            kernel_size, sigma_x_range, sigma_y_range, rotation_range, betap_range, noise_range=None, isotropic=False)
+    return kernel
+
+
+np.seterr(divide='ignore', invalid='ignore')
+
+
+def circular_lowpass_kernel(cutoff, kernel_size, pad_to=0):
+    """2D sinc filter
+
+    Reference: https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/58301/2-d-circularly-symmetric-low-pass-filter
+
+    Args:
+        cutoff (float): cutoff frequency in radians (pi is max)
+        kernel_size (int): horizontal and vertical size, must be odd.
+        pad_to (int): pad kernel size to desired size, must be odd or zero.
+    """
+    assert kernel_size % 2 == 1, 'Kernel size must be an odd number.'
+    kernel = np.fromfunction(
+        lambda x, y: cutoff * special.j1(cutoff * np.sqrt(
+            (x - (kernel_size - 1) / 2)**2 + (y - (kernel_size - 1) / 2)**2)) / (2 * np.pi * np.sqrt(
+                (x - (kernel_size - 1) / 2)**2 + (y - (kernel_size - 1) / 2)**2)), [kernel_size, kernel_size])
+    kernel[(kernel_size - 1) // 2, (kernel_size - 1) // 2] = cutoff**2 / (4 * np.pi)
+    kernel = kernel / np.sum(kernel)
+    if pad_to > kernel_size:
+        pad_size = (pad_to - kernel_size) // 2
+        kernel = np.pad(kernel, ((pad_size, pad_size), (pad_size, pad_size)))
+    return kernel
+
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# --------------------------- noise --------------------------- #
+# ------------------------------------------------------------- #
+
+# ----------------------- Gaussian Noise ----------------------- #
+
+
+def generate_gaussian_noise(img, sigma=10, gray_noise=False):
+    """Generate Gaussian noise.
+
+    Args:
+        img (Numpy array): Input image, shape (h, w, c), range [0, 1], float32.
+        sigma (float): Noise scale (measured in range 255). Default: 10.
+
+    Returns:
+        (Numpy array): Returned noisy image, shape (h, w, c), range[0, 1],
+            float32.
+    """
+    if gray_noise:
+        noise = np.float32(np.random.randn(*(img.shape[0:2]))) * sigma / 255.
+        noise = np.expand_dims(noise, axis=2).repeat(3, axis=2)
+    else:
+        noise = np.float32(np.random.randn(*(img.shape))) * sigma / 255.
+    return noise
+
+
+def add_gaussian_noise(img, sigma=10, clip=True, rounds=False, gray_noise=False):
+    """Add Gaussian noise.
+
+    Args:
+        img (Numpy array): Input image, shape (h, w, c), range [0, 1], float32.
+        sigma (float): Noise scale (measured in range 255). Default: 10.
+
+    Returns:
+        (Numpy array): Returned noisy image, shape (h, w, c), range[0, 1],
+            float32.
+    """
+    noise = generate_gaussian_noise(img, sigma, gray_noise)
+    out = img + noise
+    if clip and rounds:
+        out = np.clip((out * 255.0).round(), 0, 255) / 255.
+    elif clip:
+        out = np.clip(out, 0, 1)
+    elif rounds:
+        out = (out * 255.0).round() / 255.
+    return out
+
+
+def generate_gaussian_noise_pt(img, sigma=10, gray_noise=0):
+    """Add Gaussian noise (PyTorch version).
+
+    Args:
+        img (Tensor): Shape (b, c, h, w), range[0, 1], float32.
+        scale (float | Tensor): Noise scale. Default: 1.0.
+
+    Returns:
+        (Tensor): Returned noisy image, shape (b, c, h, w), range[0, 1],
+            float32.
+    """
+    b, _, h, w = img.size()
+    if not isinstance(sigma, (float, int)):
+        sigma = sigma.view(img.size(0), 1, 1, 1)
+    if isinstance(gray_noise, (float, int)):
+        cal_gray_noise = gray_noise > 0
+    else:
+        gray_noise = gray_noise.view(b, 1, 1, 1)
+        cal_gray_noise = torch.sum(gray_noise) > 0
+
+    if cal_gray_noise:
+        noise_gray = torch.randn(*img.size()[2:4], dtype=img.dtype, device=img.device) * sigma / 255.
+        noise_gray = noise_gray.view(b, 1, h, w)
+
+    # always calculate color noise
+    noise = torch.randn(*img.size(), dtype=img.dtype, device=img.device) * sigma / 255.
+
+    if cal_gray_noise:
+        noise = noise * (1 - gray_noise) + noise_gray * gray_noise
+    return noise
+
+
+def add_gaussian_noise_pt(img, sigma=10, gray_noise=0, clip=True, rounds=False):
+    """Add Gaussian noise (PyTorch version).
+
+    Args:
+        img (Tensor): Shape (b, c, h, w), range[0, 1], float32.
+        scale (float | Tensor): Noise scale. Default: 1.0.
+
+    Returns:
+        (Tensor): Returned noisy image, shape (b, c, h, w), range[0, 1],
+            float32.
+    """
+    noise = generate_gaussian_noise_pt(img, sigma, gray_noise)
+    out = img + noise
+    if clip and rounds:
+        out = torch.clamp((out * 255.0).round(), 0, 255) / 255.
+    elif clip:
+        out = torch.clamp(out, 0, 1)
+    elif rounds:
+        out = (out * 255.0).round() / 255.
+    return out
+
+
+# ----------------------- Random Gaussian Noise ----------------------- #
+def random_generate_gaussian_noise(img, sigma_range=(0, 10), gray_prob=0):
+    sigma = np.random.uniform(sigma_range[0], sigma_range[1])
+    if np.random.uniform() < gray_prob:
+        gray_noise = True
+    else:
+        gray_noise = False
+    return generate_gaussian_noise(img, sigma, gray_noise)
+
+
+def random_add_gaussian_noise(img, sigma_range=(0, 1.0), gray_prob=0, clip=True, rounds=False):
+    noise = random_generate_gaussian_noise(img, sigma_range, gray_prob)
+    out = img + noise
+    if clip and rounds:
+        out = np.clip((out * 255.0).round(), 0, 255) / 255.
+    elif clip:
+        out = np.clip(out, 0, 1)
+    elif rounds:
+        out = (out * 255.0).round() / 255.
+    return out
+
+
+def random_generate_gaussian_noise_pt(img, sigma_range=(0, 10), gray_prob=0):
+    sigma = torch.rand(
+        img.size(0), dtype=img.dtype, device=img.device) * (sigma_range[1] - sigma_range[0]) + sigma_range[0]
+    gray_noise = torch.rand(img.size(0), dtype=img.dtype, device=img.device)
+    gray_noise = (gray_noise < gray_prob).float()
+    return generate_gaussian_noise_pt(img, sigma, gray_noise)
+
+
+def random_add_gaussian_noise_pt(img, sigma_range=(0, 1.0), gray_prob=0, clip=True, rounds=False):
+    noise = random_generate_gaussian_noise_pt(img, sigma_range, gray_prob)
+    out = img + noise
+    if clip and rounds:
+        out = torch.clamp((out * 255.0).round(), 0, 255) / 255.
+    elif clip:
+        out = torch.clamp(out, 0, 1)
+    elif rounds:
+        out = (out * 255.0).round() / 255.
+    return out
+
+
+# ----------------------- Poisson (Shot) Noise ----------------------- #
+
+
+def generate_poisson_noise(img, scale=1.0, gray_noise=False):
+    """Generate poisson noise.
+
+    Reference: https://github.com/scikit-image/scikit-image/blob/main/skimage/util/noise.py#L37-L219
+
+    Args:
+        img (Numpy array): Input image, shape (h, w, c), range [0, 1], float32.
+        scale (float): Noise scale. Default: 1.0.
+        gray_noise (bool): Whether generate gray noise. Default: False.
+
+    Returns:
+        (Numpy array): Returned noisy image, shape (h, w, c), range[0, 1],
+            float32.
+    """
+    if gray_noise:
+        img = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
+    # round and clip image for counting vals correctly
+    img = np.clip((img * 255.0).round(), 0, 255) / 255.
+    vals = len(np.unique(img))
+    vals = 2**np.ceil(np.log2(vals))
+    out = np.float32(np.random.poisson(img * vals) / float(vals))
+    noise = out - img
+    if gray_noise:
+        noise = np.repeat(noise[:, :, np.newaxis], 3, axis=2)
+    return noise * scale
+
+
+def add_poisson_noise(img, scale=1.0, clip=True, rounds=False, gray_noise=False):
+    """Add poisson noise.
+
+    Args:
+        img (Numpy array): Input image, shape (h, w, c), range [0, 1], float32.
+        scale (float): Noise scale. Default: 1.0.
+        gray_noise (bool): Whether generate gray noise. Default: False.
+
+    Returns:
+        (Numpy array): Returned noisy image, shape (h, w, c), range[0, 1],
+            float32.
+    """
+    noise = generate_poisson_noise(img, scale, gray_noise)
+    out = img + noise
+    if clip and rounds:
+        out = np.clip((out * 255.0).round(), 0, 255) / 255.
+    elif clip:
+        out = np.clip(out, 0, 1)
+    elif rounds:
+        out = (out * 255.0).round() / 255.
+    return out
+
+
+def generate_poisson_noise_pt(img, scale=1.0, gray_noise=0):
+    """Generate a batch of poisson noise (PyTorch version)
+
+    Args:
+        img (Tensor): Input image, shape (b, c, h, w), range [0, 1], float32.
+        scale (float | Tensor): Noise scale. Number or Tensor with shape (b).
+            Default: 1.0.
+        gray_noise (float | Tensor): 0-1 number or Tensor with shape (b).
+            0 for False, 1 for True. Default: 0.
+
+    Returns:
+        (Tensor): Returned noisy image, shape (b, c, h, w), range[0, 1],
+            float32.
+    """
+    b, _, h, w = img.size()
+    if isinstance(gray_noise, (float, int)):
+        cal_gray_noise = gray_noise > 0
+    else:
+        gray_noise = gray_noise.view(b, 1, 1, 1)
+        cal_gray_noise = torch.sum(gray_noise) > 0
+    if cal_gray_noise:
+        img_gray = rgb_to_grayscale(img, num_output_channels=1)
+        # round and clip image for counting vals correctly
+        img_gray = torch.clamp((img_gray * 255.0).round(), 0, 255) / 255.
+        # use for-loop to get the unique values for each sample
+        vals_list = [len(torch.unique(img_gray[i, :, :, :])) for i in range(b)]
+        vals_list = [2**np.ceil(np.log2(vals)) for vals in vals_list]
+        vals = img_gray.new_tensor(vals_list).view(b, 1, 1, 1)
+        out = torch.poisson(img_gray * vals) / vals
+        noise_gray = out - img_gray
+        noise_gray = noise_gray.expand(b, 3, h, w)
+
+    # always calculate color noise
+    # round and clip image for counting vals correctly
+    img = torch.clamp((img * 255.0).round(), 0, 255) / 255.
+    # use for-loop to get the unique values for each sample
+    vals_list = [len(torch.unique(img[i, :, :, :])) for i in range(b)]
+    vals_list = [2**np.ceil(np.log2(vals)) for vals in vals_list]
+    vals = img.new_tensor(vals_list).view(b, 1, 1, 1)
+    out = torch.poisson(img * vals) / vals
+    noise = out - img
+    if cal_gray_noise:
+        noise = noise * (1 - gray_noise) + noise_gray * gray_noise
+    if not isinstance(scale, (float, int)):
+        scale = scale.view(b, 1, 1, 1)
+    return noise * scale
+
+
+def add_poisson_noise_pt(img, scale=1.0, clip=True, rounds=False, gray_noise=0):
+    """Add poisson noise to a batch of images (PyTorch version).
+
+    Args:
+        img (Tensor): Input image, shape (b, c, h, w), range [0, 1], float32.
+        scale (float | Tensor): Noise scale. Number or Tensor with shape (b).
+            Default: 1.0.
+        gray_noise (float | Tensor): 0-1 number or Tensor with shape (b).
+            0 for False, 1 for True. Default: 0.
+
+    Returns:
+        (Tensor): Returned noisy image, shape (b, c, h, w), range[0, 1],
+            float32.
+    """
+    noise = generate_poisson_noise_pt(img, scale, gray_noise)
+    out = img + noise
+    if clip and rounds:
+        out = torch.clamp((out * 255.0).round(), 0, 255) / 255.
+    elif clip:
+        out = torch.clamp(out, 0, 1)
+    elif rounds:
+        out = (out * 255.0).round() / 255.
+    return out
+
+
+# ----------------------- Random Poisson (Shot) Noise ----------------------- #
+
+
+def random_generate_poisson_noise(img, scale_range=(0, 1.0), gray_prob=0):
+    scale = np.random.uniform(scale_range[0], scale_range[1])
+    if np.random.uniform() < gray_prob:
+        gray_noise = True
+    else:
+        gray_noise = False
+    return generate_poisson_noise(img, scale, gray_noise)
+
+
+def random_add_poisson_noise(img, scale_range=(0, 1.0), gray_prob=0, clip=True, rounds=False):
+    noise = random_generate_poisson_noise(img, scale_range, gray_prob)
+    out = img + noise
+    if clip and rounds:
+        out = np.clip((out * 255.0).round(), 0, 255) / 255.
+    elif clip:
+        out = np.clip(out, 0, 1)
+    elif rounds:
+        out = (out * 255.0).round() / 255.
+    return out
+
+
+def random_generate_poisson_noise_pt(img, scale_range=(0, 1.0), gray_prob=0):
+    scale = torch.rand(
+        img.size(0), dtype=img.dtype, device=img.device) * (scale_range[1] - scale_range[0]) + scale_range[0]
+    gray_noise = torch.rand(img.size(0), dtype=img.dtype, device=img.device)
+    gray_noise = (gray_noise < gray_prob).float()
+    return generate_poisson_noise_pt(img, scale, gray_noise)
+
+
+def random_add_poisson_noise_pt(img, scale_range=(0, 1.0), gray_prob=0, clip=True, rounds=False):
+    noise = random_generate_poisson_noise_pt(img, scale_range, gray_prob)
+    out = img + noise
+    if clip and rounds:
+        out = torch.clamp((out * 255.0).round(), 0, 255) / 255.
+    elif clip:
+        out = torch.clamp(out, 0, 1)
+    elif rounds:
+        out = (out * 255.0).round() / 255.
+    return out
+
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #
+# --------------------------- JPEG compression --------------------------- #
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #
+
+
+def add_jpg_compression(img, quality=90):
+    """Add JPG compression artifacts.
+
+    Args:
+        img (Numpy array): Input image, shape (h, w, c), range [0, 1], float32.
+        quality (float): JPG compression quality. 0 for lowest quality, 100 for
+            best quality. Default: 90.
+
+    Returns:
+        (Numpy array): Returned image after JPG, shape (h, w, c), range[0, 1],
+            float32.
+    """
+    img = np.clip(img, 0, 1)
+    encode_param = [int(cv2.IMWRITE_JPEG_QUALITY), quality]
+    _, encimg = cv2.imencode('.jpg', img * 255., encode_param)
+    img = np.float32(cv2.imdecode(encimg, 1)) / 255.
+    return img
+
+
+def random_add_jpg_compression(img, quality_range=(90, 100)):
+    """Randomly add JPG compression artifacts.
+
+    Args:
+        img (Numpy array): Input image, shape (h, w, c), range [0, 1], float32.
+        quality_range (tuple[float] | list[float]): JPG compression quality
+            range. 0 for lowest quality, 100 for best quality.
+            Default: (90, 100).
+
+    Returns:
+        (Numpy array): Returned image after JPG, shape (h, w, c), range[0, 1],
+            float32.
+    """
+    quality = np.random.uniform(quality_range[0], quality_range[1])
+    return add_jpg_compression(img, quality)