Eugenol may be replaced in the zinc oxide eugenol cement by:
Acetic acid
Alginic acid
Phosphoric acid
Ortho-ethoxy acid
An important improvement of ZOE cements was the development of materials in which the liquid is a mixture of 2-ethoxybenzoic acid (EBA) and eugenol, roughly in a 2:1 proportion. Rather than forming a stronger matrix, the addition of EBA allows for the use of very high powder-to-liquid ratios (6:1) which, per se, increases the strength of the set cement. In these materials, alumina (30%) was added to the powder as a reinforcing agent.
Ref: Craig's restorative dentistry ed 13 pg 284