CharlesPing/climate-cross-encoder-mixed-neg-v2

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Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia.	Conclusions of AR5 are summarized below: Working Group I "Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia".	1
Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia.	"Estimating Changes in Global Temperature since the Preindustrial Period".	0
Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia.	The urban heat island effect is very small, estimated to account for less than of warming per decade since 1900.	0
Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia.	The turnip or white turnip (Brassica rapa subsp.	0
Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia.	After leaving NASA in 2001, Spencer has been a principal research scientist at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH).	0
Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia.	Its conclusions are summarized below: "Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia."	1
Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia.	Even with 62 years of awareness, climate change is just becoming an issue for some parts of society.	0
Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia.	While the term "climate change" now implies change that is both long-term and of human causation, in the 1960s the word climate change was used for what we now describe as climate variability, that is, climatic inconsistencies and anomalies.	0
Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia.	In a 1992 speech on the Gulf War, Gore stated that he twice attempted to get the U.S. government to pull the plug on support to Saddam Hussein, citing Hussein's use of poison gas, support of terrorism, and his burgeoning nuclear program, but was opposed both times by the Reagan and Bush administrations.	0
Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia.	St Mary 's College is a college of Durham University in England.	0
However, this is exactly what climate scientists have predicted for California since at least the 1980s: protracted periods of warm, dry conditions punctuated by intense wet spells, with more rain and less snow, causing both drought and floods.	Between 2011 and 2014, California experienced the driest period in its recorded history and more than 100 million trees died in the drought, creating areas of dead, dry wood.	1
However, this is exactly what climate scientists have predicted for California since at least the 1980s: protracted periods of warm, dry conditions punctuated by intense wet spells, with more rain and less snow, causing both drought and floods.	The flooding was caused by El Niño and also affected parts of Brazil, Argentina and Bolivia.	0
However, this is exactly what climate scientists have predicted for California since at least the 1980s: protracted periods of warm, dry conditions punctuated by intense wet spells, with more rain and less snow, causing both drought and floods.	The high number and increasing severity of droughts and floods since 1990 has affected much of the country's population—farmers had little ability to adapt to or recover from disasters, making them more vulnerable to future events, and the cycle of poverty and hunger worsened.	0
However, this is exactly what climate scientists have predicted for California since at least the 1980s: protracted periods of warm, dry conditions punctuated by intense wet spells, with more rain and less snow, causing both drought and floods.	His research on the innovation process has influenced innovation management and policy worldwide.	0
However, this is exactly what climate scientists have predicted for California since at least the 1980s: protracted periods of warm, dry conditions punctuated by intense wet spells, with more rain and less snow, causing both drought and floods.	Nelson Park Township was organized in 1884, and named for James Nelson, a pioneer settler.	0
When you read Phil Jones' actual words, you see he's saying there is a warming trend	A study released in 2009, combined historical weather station data with satellite measurements to deduce past temperatures over large regions of the continent, and these temperatures indicate an overall warming trend.	1
When you read Phil Jones' actual words, you see he's saying there is a warming trend	Both the terms global warming and climate change were used only occasionally until 1975, when Wallace Smith Broecker published a scientific paper on the topic, "Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming?".	0
When you read Phil Jones' actual words, you see he's saying there is a warming trend	In May 1997 Ross Gelbspan made a presentation in Minneapolis discussing his concerns, documented in his 1997 book "The Heat is On", that some climatologists were involved in a "disinformation campaign" to counter the scientific consensus on global warming.	0
When you read Phil Jones' actual words, you see he's saying there is a warming trend	The Māori people had a changing conservation ethic from the time of their discovery and settlement of New Zealand until the present day.	0
When you read Phil Jones' actual words, you see he's saying there is a warming trend	An extant fragment shows that Philocles wrote a play covering the story of Hermione, Neoptolemus and Orestes, a story also addressed by Euripides in his play Andromache and by Sophocles in his Hermione.	0
The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.	Although the temperature drops foreseen by this mechanism have now been discarded in light of better theory and the observed warming, aerosols are thought to have contributed a cooling tendency (outweighed by increases in greenhouse gases) and also have contributed to "Global Dimming."	1
The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.	Global Warming theory suggests that the stratosphere should cool while the troposphere warms.	0
The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.	However, as discussed above, urban aerosols have a large black carbon component and if these particles can be transported on a global scale then one would expect a heating effect over surfaces with a high surface albedo like snow or ice.	0
The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.	The district has not changed a lot in a city known for its frenetic urban planning, and as a source puts it, ``entering Lavender is like entering Singapore in the late 1980s'', where old public housing is occupied by an elderly community, with small automotive shops, hardware resellers and temples.	0
The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.	Family planning in Hong Kong occurs within a context of a total fertility rate in Hong Kong of currently 1.04 children per woman, one of the lowest in the world.	0
The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.	While most of the earth has warmed, the regions that are downwind from major sources of air pollution (specifically sulfur dioxide emissions) have generally cooled.	1
The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.	High thermal emittance material radiates thermal heat back into the atmosphere more-readily than one with a low thermal emittance.	0
The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.	The dew point is the temperature to which a parcel must be cooled in order to become saturated.	0
The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.	The foundation is of silk with wool pile of a knot density at 300 -- 350 knots per square inch (47 -- 54 knots per cm2).	0
The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.	He now adds a digital watermark to his photographs to discourage this.	0
The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.	From 1961 to 1990, a gradual reduction in the amount of sunlight reaching the Earth's surface was observed, a phenomenon popularly known as global dimming, typically attributed to aerosols from biofuel and fossil fuel burning.	1
The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.	On the leeward side of mountains, desert climates can exist due to the dry air caused by downslope flow which causes heating and drying of the air mass.	0
The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.	According to basic physical principles, the greenhouse effect produces warming of the lower atmosphere (the troposphere), but cooling of the upper atmosphere (the stratosphere).	0
The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.	Pin codes of Parbatta Block 851215 (Naya Gaon (Begusarai)), 851212 (Mohaddipur (Khagaria)), 851216 (Parbatta),	0
The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.	As part of the operation, a new locally-recruited regiment was also formed : the Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR).	0
Climate scientists are telling us it’s likely we’re going to be in for a period of cooling.	"The next five years will be 'anomalously warm,' scientists predict".	1
Climate scientists are telling us it’s likely we’re going to be in for a period of cooling.	The Spörer Minimum has also been identified with a significant cooling period between 1460 and 1550.	0
Climate scientists are telling us it’s likely we’re going to be in for a period of cooling.	These estimates are for heating water to 50 °C above ambient temperature.	0
Climate scientists are telling us it’s likely we’re going to be in for a period of cooling.	The impactor had an estimated size of 4 to 10 meters.	0
Climate scientists are telling us it’s likely we’re going to be in for a period of cooling.	He was in private practice in Akron, Ohio from 1920 to 1956, with a brief stint in Youngstown, Ohio in 1927.	0
Climate scientists are telling us it’s likely we’re going to be in for a period of cooling.	Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) in a moderate scenario, or as much as 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) in an extreme scenario, depending on the rate of future greenhouse gas emissions and on climate feedback effects.	1
Climate scientists are telling us it’s likely we’re going to be in for a period of cooling.	The same can apply to cooling.	0
Climate scientists are telling us it’s likely we’re going to be in for a period of cooling.	It is also predicted that Greenland will become warm enough by 2100 to begin an almost complete melt during the next 1,000 years or more.	0
Climate scientists are telling us it’s likely we’re going to be in for a period of cooling.	Elachyophtalma is a genus of moths of the Bombycidae family.	0
Climate scientists are telling us it’s likely we’re going to be in for a period of cooling.	Kunowo [ku ` nowo] (formerly German Kunow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Banie, within Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.	0
Climate reacts to whatever forces it to change at the time; humans are now the dominant forcing.	Human activities can also impose forcings, for example, through changing the composition of the atmosphere.	1
Climate reacts to whatever forces it to change at the time; humans are now the dominant forcing.	Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes.	0
Climate reacts to whatever forces it to change at the time; humans are now the dominant forcing.	"Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature" (PDF).	0
Climate reacts to whatever forces it to change at the time; humans are now the dominant forcing.	At the height of its development in the 18th and 19th centuries the 50 sqmi property had several extravagant features including a two-mile racecourse, an artificial lake and an observatory.	0
Climate reacts to whatever forces it to change at the time; humans are now the dominant forcing.	A rapidly changing economic and retail environment, coupled with founder Sam Gertner 's increasing health problems in the late 20th century put a difficult strain on the company and in 1999 Sam Gertner decided to shut down the company.	0
The temperature is not rising nearly as fast as the alarmist computer models predicted.	Confidence in model estimates is higher for some climate variables (e.g., temperature) than for others (e.g., precipitation).	1
The temperature is not rising nearly as fast as the alarmist computer models predicted.	The conference concluded that, at the level of 550 ppm, it was likely that 2 °C would be exceeded, according to the projections of more recent climate models.	0
The temperature is not rising nearly as fast as the alarmist computer models predicted.	In computer science, a simulation is a computation of the execution of some appropriately modelled state-transition system.	0
The temperature is not rising nearly as fast as the alarmist computer models predicted.	After overhaul at New York and refresher training at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, she served as a training ship with submarines at New London from 5 September to 9 December 1945.	0
The temperature is not rising nearly as fast as the alarmist computer models predicted.	Excursion (audio), the linear movement range of a speaker.	0
The lower temperatures at this "coldest point" have caused global water vapor levels to drop, even as carbon levels rise.	These isotope changes occurred due to the release of carbon from the ocean into the atmosphere that led to a temperature increase of 4-8 °C (7-14 °F) at the surface of the ocean.	1
The lower temperatures at this "coldest point" have caused global water vapor levels to drop, even as carbon levels rise.	It is generally level, but has numerous dry valleys, sinkholes, about 300 caves and shafts, and cold-air pools with temperatures reaching -32 C in the coldest part of year.	0
The lower temperatures at this "coldest point" have caused global water vapor levels to drop, even as carbon levels rise.	Water vapor concentrations in the lower stratosphere have declined by 10% (0.4 ppmv) since 2000, reducing warming during the decade by 25%.	0
The lower temperatures at this "coldest point" have caused global water vapor levels to drop, even as carbon levels rise.	Defining the virome is thought to provide an understanding of microbes and how they affect human health and disease.	0
The lower temperatures at this "coldest point" have caused global water vapor levels to drop, even as carbon levels rise.	On Wilders ' suggestion there was unbelief and criticism from other political parties.	0
This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.	During November and December 2015, values within NOAA's Oceanic Niño Index peaked at 2.4 °C (4.3 °F), which surpassed December 1997 value of 2.2 °C (4.0 °F).	1
This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.	During non-El Niño conditions, the Walker circulation is seen at the surface as easterly trade winds that move water and air warmed by the sun toward the west.	0
This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.	The 2015 -- 16 Villanova Wildcats women 's basketball team is representing Villanova University in the 2015 -- 16 NCAA Division I women 's basketball season.	0
This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.	Repče ([ˈɾeːptʃɛ]) is a small settlement in the hills above Šmarje-Sap in central Slovenia.	0
This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.	The black partridge is sexually dimorphic.	0
This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.	As a result of this the BoM, NOAA's CPC, IRI, and the JMA, all declared that the record-tying El Niño event had ended in late May/early June.	1
This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.	April 2007 was also the warmest month in history, the average temperature being 5 °C warmer than normal.	0
This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.	The PDO is detected as warm or cool surface waters in the Pacific Ocean, north of 20°N.	0
This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.	The Sackville railway station is an inter-city railway station in the town of Sackville, New Brunswick.	0
This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.	The compound is an intermediate in the conversion of strontium sulfate, the main strontium ore called celestite, to other more useful compounds.	0
This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.	The El Niño event also contributed to the Earth's warming trend, with 2014 and 2015 being two of the warmest years on record.	1
This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.	This work was furthered by Jacob Bjerknes in the 1960s when he solidified the link between the El Nino phenomena, a winter warm anomaly in the normally cool water off the coast of Peru, with the southern oscillation.	0
This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.	The El Niño phenomenon was blamed for the unusually high sea surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean that moved east, thus pulling rainfall along with it.	0
This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.	On ``Returning'' she sings the last verse in French.	0
This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.	The larvae feed on Alnus and Betula species.	0
Converting to these cleaner sources [of energy] may be somewhat costlier in the short term, but they could ultimately pay for themselves by heading off climate damages and reducing health problems associated with dirty air.	Efforts to reduce pollution from mobile sources includes primary regulation (many developing countries have permissive regulations),[citation needed] expanding regulation to new sources (such as cruise and transport ships, farm equipment, and small gas-powered equipment such as string trimmers, chainsaws, and snowmobiles), increased fuel efficiency (such as through the use of hybrid vehicles), conversion to cleaner fuels or conversion to electric vehicles.	1
Converting to these cleaner sources [of energy] may be somewhat costlier in the short term, but they could ultimately pay for themselves by heading off climate damages and reducing health problems associated with dirty air.	The countries or polluting entities emitting more carbon thereby satisfy their carbon emission requirements, and the trading market results in the most cost-effective carbon reduction methods being exploited first.	0
Converting to these cleaner sources [of energy] may be somewhat costlier in the short term, but they could ultimately pay for themselves by heading off climate damages and reducing health problems associated with dirty air.	Efficient energy use, sometimes simply called energy efficiency, is the goal to reduce the amount of energy required to provide products and services.	0
Converting to these cleaner sources [of energy] may be somewhat costlier in the short term, but they could ultimately pay for themselves by heading off climate damages and reducing health problems associated with dirty air.	Over the 16 years that the mine was in operation, $ 3.25 million worth of silver was extracted.	0
Converting to these cleaner sources [of energy] may be somewhat costlier in the short term, but they could ultimately pay for themselves by heading off climate damages and reducing health problems associated with dirty air.	The range 's vegetation is greener than some of the other hills in the region.	0
Converting to these cleaner sources [of energy] may be somewhat costlier in the short term, but they could ultimately pay for themselves by heading off climate damages and reducing health problems associated with dirty air.	As most of renewable energy technologies provide electricity, renewable energy deployment is often applied in conjunction with further electrification, which has several benefits: electricity can be converted to heat (where necessary generating higher temperatures than fossil fuels), can be converted into mechanical energy with high efficiency, and is clean at the point of consumption.	1
Converting to these cleaner sources [of energy] may be somewhat costlier in the short term, but they could ultimately pay for themselves by heading off climate damages and reducing health problems associated with dirty air.	The great potential to use Sweden 's own clean renewable energy resources in place of oil	0
Converting to these cleaner sources [of energy] may be somewhat costlier in the short term, but they could ultimately pay for themselves by heading off climate damages and reducing health problems associated with dirty air.	Since solar energy is free, operating costs are small.	0
Converting to these cleaner sources [of energy] may be somewhat costlier in the short term, but they could ultimately pay for themselves by heading off climate damages and reducing health problems associated with dirty air.	Many years later, she stated in a television interview with Matt Lauer, ``I think he probably thought I would go down with the ship.''	0
Converting to these cleaner sources [of energy] may be somewhat costlier in the short term, but they could ultimately pay for themselves by heading off climate damages and reducing health problems associated with dirty air.	It is located about 45 km south of the border with the Northern Territory, and 320 km south of Alice Springs.	0
Converting to these cleaner sources [of energy] may be somewhat costlier in the short term, but they could ultimately pay for themselves by heading off climate damages and reducing health problems associated with dirty air.	The results of a recent review of the literature concluded that as greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters begin to be held liable for damages resulting from GHG emissions resulting in climate change, a high value for liability mitigation would provide powerful incentives for deployment of renewable energy technologies.	1
Converting to these cleaner sources [of energy] may be somewhat costlier in the short term, but they could ultimately pay for themselves by heading off climate damages and reducing health problems associated with dirty air.	They are helping to drive the transition to cleaner energy, by building upon existing energy portfolio standards, and could be applied broadly at the federal level and developed more acutely at the regional and state levels.	0
Converting to these cleaner sources [of energy] may be somewhat costlier in the short term, but they could ultimately pay for themselves by heading off climate damages and reducing health problems associated with dirty air.	Fossil fuels subsidies costs generally outweigh the benefits.	0
Converting to these cleaner sources [of energy] may be somewhat costlier in the short term, but they could ultimately pay for themselves by heading off climate damages and reducing health problems associated with dirty air.	Today, Kempston Interchange Retail Park and the headquarters of Bedfordshire and Luton Fire and Rescue Service are located within the boundaries of Kempston South.	0
Converting to these cleaner sources [of energy] may be somewhat costlier in the short term, but they could ultimately pay for themselves by heading off climate damages and reducing health problems associated with dirty air.	John Costen Shockley (born February 8, 1942 in Georgetown, Delaware) is a former Major League Baseball first baseman who played for two seasons.	0
Converting to these cleaner sources [of energy] may be somewhat costlier in the short term, but they could ultimately pay for themselves by heading off climate damages and reducing health problems associated with dirty air.	It would also reduce environmental pollution such as air pollution caused by burning of fossil fuels and improve public health, reduce premature mortalities due to pollution and save associated health costs that amount to several hundred billion dollars annually only in the United States.	1
Converting to these cleaner sources [of energy] may be somewhat costlier in the short term, but they could ultimately pay for themselves by heading off climate damages and reducing health problems associated with dirty air.	This allows the private sector to decide how to do so cost effectively which in turn benefits the environment.	0
Converting to these cleaner sources [of energy] may be somewhat costlier in the short term, but they could ultimately pay for themselves by heading off climate damages and reducing health problems associated with dirty air.	In addition some industries generate fuel from waste products that can be used to provide additional energy.	0
Converting to these cleaner sources [of energy] may be somewhat costlier in the short term, but they could ultimately pay for themselves by heading off climate damages and reducing health problems associated with dirty air.	Paolo Curcetti (born 1936), Italian boxer, brother of Gaetano	0
Converting to these cleaner sources [of energy] may be somewhat costlier in the short term, but they could ultimately pay for themselves by heading off climate damages and reducing health problems associated with dirty air.	Its seat is the village of Zagnańsk, which lies approximately 12 km north of the regional capital Kielce.	0
Converting to these cleaner sources [of energy] may be somewhat costlier in the short term, but they could ultimately pay for themselves by heading off climate damages and reducing health problems associated with dirty air.	Other renewable sources such as wind power, photovoltaics, and hydroelectricity have the advantage of being able to conserve water, lower pollution and reduce CO 2 emissions.	1
Converting to these cleaner sources [of energy] may be somewhat costlier in the short term, but they could ultimately pay for themselves by heading off climate damages and reducing health problems associated with dirty air.	These communities bear a disproportionate burden of environmental pollution and are more likely to face health risks such as cancer or asthma.	0
Converting to these cleaner sources [of energy] may be somewhat costlier in the short term, but they could ultimately pay for themselves by heading off climate damages and reducing health problems associated with dirty air.	The subsidies are part of the government 's efforts to address China 's problematic air pollution.	0
Converting to these cleaner sources [of energy] may be somewhat costlier in the short term, but they could ultimately pay for themselves by heading off climate damages and reducing health problems associated with dirty air.	apologised, saying they were happy to accept that "Mr Huhne's letter was not an attempt to prevent the film being shown or suppress debate on the issue".	0
Converting to these cleaner sources [of energy] may be somewhat costlier in the short term, but they could ultimately pay for themselves by heading off climate damages and reducing health problems associated with dirty air.	The most recent addition was a coastal rowing boat named Wave Dancer.	0

Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia.

Conclusions of AR5 are summarized below: Working Group I "Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia".

1

Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia.

"Estimating Changes in Global Temperature since the Preindustrial Period".

0

Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia.

The urban heat island effect is very small, estimated to account for less than of warming per decade since 1900.

0

Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia.

The turnip or white turnip (Brassica rapa subsp.

0

Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia.

After leaving NASA in 2001, Spencer has been a principal research scientist at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH).

0

Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia.

Its conclusions are summarized below: "Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia."

1

Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia.

Even with 62 years of awareness, climate change is just becoming an issue for some parts of society.

0

Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia.

While the term "climate change" now implies change that is both long-term and of human causation, in the 1960s the word climate change was used for what we now describe as climate variability, that is, climatic inconsistencies and anomalies.

0

Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia.

In a 1992 speech on the Gulf War, Gore stated that he twice attempted to get the U.S. government to pull the plug on support to Saddam Hussein, citing Hussein's use of poison gas, support of terrorism, and his burgeoning nuclear program, but was opposed both times by the Reagan and Bush administrations.

0

Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia.

St Mary 's College is a college of Durham University in England.

0

However, this is exactly what climate scientists have predicted for California since at least the 1980s: protracted periods of warm, dry conditions punctuated by intense wet spells, with more rain and less snow, causing both drought and floods.

Between 2011 and 2014, California experienced the driest period in its recorded history and more than 100 million trees died in the drought, creating areas of dead, dry wood.

1

However, this is exactly what climate scientists have predicted for California since at least the 1980s: protracted periods of warm, dry conditions punctuated by intense wet spells, with more rain and less snow, causing both drought and floods.

The flooding was caused by El Niño and also affected parts of Brazil, Argentina and Bolivia.

0

However, this is exactly what climate scientists have predicted for California since at least the 1980s: protracted periods of warm, dry conditions punctuated by intense wet spells, with more rain and less snow, causing both drought and floods.

The high number and increasing severity of droughts and floods since 1990 has affected much of the country's population—farmers had little ability to adapt to or recover from disasters, making them more vulnerable to future events, and the cycle of poverty and hunger worsened.

0

However, this is exactly what climate scientists have predicted for California since at least the 1980s: protracted periods of warm, dry conditions punctuated by intense wet spells, with more rain and less snow, causing both drought and floods.

His research on the innovation process has influenced innovation management and policy worldwide.

0

However, this is exactly what climate scientists have predicted for California since at least the 1980s: protracted periods of warm, dry conditions punctuated by intense wet spells, with more rain and less snow, causing both drought and floods.

Nelson Park Township was organized in 1884, and named for James Nelson, a pioneer settler.

0

When you read Phil Jones' actual words, you see he's saying there is a warming trend

A study released in 2009, combined historical weather station data with satellite measurements to deduce past temperatures over large regions of the continent, and these temperatures indicate an overall warming trend.

1

When you read Phil Jones' actual words, you see he's saying there is a warming trend

Both the terms global warming and climate change were used only occasionally until 1975, when Wallace Smith Broecker published a scientific paper on the topic, "Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming?".

0

When you read Phil Jones' actual words, you see he's saying there is a warming trend

In May 1997 Ross Gelbspan made a presentation in Minneapolis discussing his concerns, documented in his 1997 book "The Heat is On", that some climatologists were involved in a "disinformation campaign" to counter the scientific consensus on global warming.

0

When you read Phil Jones' actual words, you see he's saying there is a warming trend

The Māori people had a changing conservation ethic from the time of their discovery and settlement of New Zealand until the present day.

0

When you read Phil Jones' actual words, you see he's saying there is a warming trend

An extant fragment shows that Philocles wrote a play covering the story of Hermione, Neoptolemus and Orestes, a story also addressed by Euripides in his play Andromache and by Sophocles in his Hermione.

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The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.

Although the temperature drops foreseen by this mechanism have now been discarded in light of better theory and the observed warming, aerosols are thought to have contributed a cooling tendency (outweighed by increases in greenhouse gases) and also have contributed to "Global Dimming."

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The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.

Global Warming theory suggests that the stratosphere should cool while the troposphere warms.

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The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.

However, as discussed above, urban aerosols have a large black carbon component and if these particles can be transported on a global scale then one would expect a heating effect over surfaces with a high surface albedo like snow or ice.

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The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.

The district has not changed a lot in a city known for its frenetic urban planning, and as a source puts it, ``entering Lavender is like entering Singapore in the late 1980s'', where old public housing is occupied by an elderly community, with small automotive shops, hardware resellers and temples.

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The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.

Family planning in Hong Kong occurs within a context of a total fertility rate in Hong Kong of currently 1.04 children per woman, one of the lowest in the world.

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The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.

While most of the earth has warmed, the regions that are downwind from major sources of air pollution (specifically sulfur dioxide emissions) have generally cooled.

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The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.

High thermal emittance material radiates thermal heat back into the atmosphere more-readily than one with a low thermal emittance.

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The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.

The dew point is the temperature to which a parcel must be cooled in order to become saturated.

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The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.

The foundation is of silk with wool pile of a knot density at 300 -- 350 knots per square inch (47 -- 54 knots per cm2).

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The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.

He now adds a digital watermark to his photographs to discourage this.

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The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.

From 1961 to 1990, a gradual reduction in the amount of sunlight reaching the Earth's surface was observed, a phenomenon popularly known as global dimming, typically attributed to aerosols from biofuel and fossil fuel burning.

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The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.

On the leeward side of mountains, desert climates can exist due to the dry air caused by downslope flow which causes heating and drying of the air mass.

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The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.

According to basic physical principles, the greenhouse effect produces warming of the lower atmosphere (the troposphere), but cooling of the upper atmosphere (the stratosphere).

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The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.

Pin codes of Parbatta Block 851215 (Naya Gaon (Begusarai)), 851212 (Mohaddipur (Khagaria)), 851216 (Parbatta),

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The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions.

As part of the operation, a new locally-recruited regiment was also formed : the Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR).

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Climate scientists are telling us it’s likely we’re going to be in for a period of cooling.

"The next five years will be 'anomalously warm,' scientists predict".

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Climate scientists are telling us it’s likely we’re going to be in for a period of cooling.

The Spörer Minimum has also been identified with a significant cooling period between 1460 and 1550.

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Climate scientists are telling us it’s likely we’re going to be in for a period of cooling.

These estimates are for heating water to 50 °C above ambient temperature.

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Climate scientists are telling us it’s likely we’re going to be in for a period of cooling.

The impactor had an estimated size of 4 to 10 meters.

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Climate scientists are telling us it’s likely we’re going to be in for a period of cooling.

He was in private practice in Akron, Ohio from 1920 to 1956, with a brief stint in Youngstown, Ohio in 1927.

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Climate scientists are telling us it’s likely we’re going to be in for a period of cooling.

Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) in a moderate scenario, or as much as 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) in an extreme scenario, depending on the rate of future greenhouse gas emissions and on climate feedback effects.

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Climate scientists are telling us it’s likely we’re going to be in for a period of cooling.

The same can apply to cooling.

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Climate scientists are telling us it’s likely we’re going to be in for a period of cooling.

It is also predicted that Greenland will become warm enough by 2100 to begin an almost complete melt during the next 1,000 years or more.

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Climate scientists are telling us it’s likely we’re going to be in for a period of cooling.

Elachyophtalma is a genus of moths of the Bombycidae family.

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Climate scientists are telling us it’s likely we’re going to be in for a period of cooling.

Kunowo [ku ` nowo] (formerly German Kunow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Banie, within Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

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Climate reacts to whatever forces it to change at the time; humans are now the dominant forcing.

Human activities can also impose forcings, for example, through changing the composition of the atmosphere.

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Climate reacts to whatever forces it to change at the time; humans are now the dominant forcing.

Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes.

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Climate reacts to whatever forces it to change at the time; humans are now the dominant forcing.

"Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature" (PDF).

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Climate reacts to whatever forces it to change at the time; humans are now the dominant forcing.

At the height of its development in the 18th and 19th centuries the 50 sqmi property had several extravagant features including a two-mile racecourse, an artificial lake and an observatory.

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Climate reacts to whatever forces it to change at the time; humans are now the dominant forcing.

A rapidly changing economic and retail environment, coupled with founder Sam Gertner 's increasing health problems in the late 20th century put a difficult strain on the company and in 1999 Sam Gertner decided to shut down the company.

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The temperature is not rising nearly as fast as the alarmist computer models predicted.

Confidence in model estimates is higher for some climate variables (e.g., temperature) than for others (e.g., precipitation).

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The temperature is not rising nearly as fast as the alarmist computer models predicted.

The conference concluded that, at the level of 550 ppm, it was likely that 2 °C would be exceeded, according to the projections of more recent climate models.

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The temperature is not rising nearly as fast as the alarmist computer models predicted.

In computer science, a simulation is a computation of the execution of some appropriately modelled state-transition system.

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The temperature is not rising nearly as fast as the alarmist computer models predicted.

After overhaul at New York and refresher training at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, she served as a training ship with submarines at New London from 5 September to 9 December 1945.

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The temperature is not rising nearly as fast as the alarmist computer models predicted.

Excursion (audio), the linear movement range of a speaker.

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The lower temperatures at this "coldest point" have caused global water vapor levels to drop, even as carbon levels rise.

These isotope changes occurred due to the release of carbon from the ocean into the atmosphere that led to a temperature increase of 4-8 °C (7-14 °F) at the surface of the ocean.

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The lower temperatures at this "coldest point" have caused global water vapor levels to drop, even as carbon levels rise.

It is generally level, but has numerous dry valleys, sinkholes, about 300 caves and shafts, and cold-air pools with temperatures reaching -32 C in the coldest part of year.

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The lower temperatures at this "coldest point" have caused global water vapor levels to drop, even as carbon levels rise.

Water vapor concentrations in the lower stratosphere have declined by 10% (0.4 ppmv) since 2000, reducing warming during the decade by 25%.

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The lower temperatures at this "coldest point" have caused global water vapor levels to drop, even as carbon levels rise.

Defining the virome is thought to provide an understanding of microbes and how they affect human health and disease.

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The lower temperatures at this "coldest point" have caused global water vapor levels to drop, even as carbon levels rise.

On Wilders ' suggestion there was unbelief and criticism from other political parties.

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This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.

During November and December 2015, values within NOAA's Oceanic Niño Index peaked at 2.4 °C (4.3 °F), which surpassed December 1997 value of 2.2 °C (4.0 °F).

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This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.

During non-El Niño conditions, the Walker circulation is seen at the surface as easterly trade winds that move water and air warmed by the sun toward the west.

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This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.

The 2015 -- 16 Villanova Wildcats women 's basketball team is representing Villanova University in the 2015 -- 16 NCAA Division I women 's basketball season.

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This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.

Repče ([ˈɾeːptʃɛ]) is a small settlement in the hills above Šmarje-Sap in central Slovenia.

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This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.

The black partridge is sexually dimorphic.

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This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.

As a result of this the BoM, NOAA's CPC, IRI, and the JMA, all declared that the record-tying El Niño event had ended in late May/early June.

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This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.

April 2007 was also the warmest month in history, the average temperature being 5 °C warmer than normal.

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This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.

The PDO is detected as warm or cool surface waters in the Pacific Ocean, north of 20°N.

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This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.

The Sackville railway station is an inter-city railway station in the town of Sackville, New Brunswick.

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This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.

The compound is an intermediate in the conversion of strontium sulfate, the main strontium ore called celestite, to other more useful compounds.

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This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.

The El Niño event also contributed to the Earth's warming trend, with 2014 and 2015 being two of the warmest years on record.

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This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.

This work was furthered by Jacob Bjerknes in the 1960s when he solidified the link between the El Nino phenomena, a winter warm anomaly in the normally cool water off the coast of Peru, with the southern oscillation.

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This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.

The El Niño phenomenon was blamed for the unusually high sea surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean that moved east, thus pulling rainfall along with it.

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This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.

On ``Returning'' she sings the last verse in French.

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This means it is possible that by some yardsticks, 2016 will be declared as hot as 2015 or even slightly hotter – because El Nino did not vanish until the middle of the year.

The larvae feed on Alnus and Betula species.

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