from __future__ import division, print_function, absolute_import

import numpy as np
from numpy.linalg import LinAlgError
from .blas import get_blas_funcs
from .lapack import get_lapack_funcs

__all__ = ['LinAlgError', 'LinAlgWarning', 'norm']


class LinAlgWarning(RuntimeWarning):
    """
    The warning emitted when a linear algebra related operation is close
    to fail conditions of the algorithm or loss of accuracy is expected.
    """
    pass


def norm(a, ord=None, axis=None, keepdims=False):
    """
    Matrix or vector norm.

    This function is able to return one of seven different matrix norms,
    or one of an infinite number of vector norms (described below), depending
    on the value of the ``ord`` parameter.

    Parameters
    ----------
    a : (M,) or (M, N) array_like
        Input array.  If `axis` is None, `a` must be 1-D or 2-D.
    ord : {non-zero int, inf, -inf, 'fro'}, optional
        Order of the norm (see table under ``Notes``). inf means numpy's
        `inf` object
    axis : {int, 2-tuple of ints, None}, optional
        If `axis` is an integer, it specifies the axis of `a` along which to
        compute the vector norms.  If `axis` is a 2-tuple, it specifies the
        axes that hold 2-D matrices, and the matrix norms of these matrices
        are computed.  If `axis` is None then either a vector norm (when `a`
        is 1-D) or a matrix norm (when `a` is 2-D) is returned.
    keepdims : bool, optional
        If this is set to True, the axes which are normed over are left in the
        result as dimensions with size one.  With this option the result will
        broadcast correctly against the original `a`.

    Returns
    -------
    n : float or ndarray
        Norm of the matrix or vector(s).

    Notes
    -----
    For values of ``ord <= 0``, the result is, strictly speaking, not a
    mathematical 'norm', but it may still be useful for various numerical
    purposes.

    The following norms can be calculated:

    =====  ============================  ==========================
    ord    norm for matrices             norm for vectors
    =====  ============================  ==========================
    None   Frobenius norm                2-norm
    'fro'  Frobenius norm                --
    inf    max(sum(abs(x), axis=1))      max(abs(x))
    -inf   min(sum(abs(x), axis=1))      min(abs(x))
    0      --                            sum(x != 0)
    1      max(sum(abs(x), axis=0))      as below
    -1     min(sum(abs(x), axis=0))      as below
    2      2-norm (largest sing. value)  as below
    -2     smallest singular value       as below
    other  --                            sum(abs(x)**ord)**(1./ord)
    =====  ============================  ==========================

    The Frobenius norm is given by [1]_:

        :math:`||A||_F = [\\sum_{i,j} abs(a_{i,j})^2]^{1/2}`

    The ``axis`` and ``keepdims`` arguments are passed directly to
    ``numpy.linalg.norm`` and are only usable if they are supported
    by the version of numpy in use.

    References
    ----------
    .. [1] G. H. Golub and C. F. Van Loan, *Matrix Computations*,
           Baltimore, MD, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985, pg. 15

    Examples
    --------
    >>> from scipy.linalg import norm
    >>> a = np.arange(9) - 4.0
    >>> a
    array([-4., -3., -2., -1.,  0.,  1.,  2.,  3.,  4.])
    >>> b = a.reshape((3, 3))
    >>> b
    array([[-4., -3., -2.],
           [-1.,  0.,  1.],
           [ 2.,  3.,  4.]])

    >>> norm(a)
    7.745966692414834
    >>> norm(b)
    7.745966692414834
    >>> norm(b, 'fro')
    7.745966692414834
    >>> norm(a, np.inf)
    4
    >>> norm(b, np.inf)
    9
    >>> norm(a, -np.inf)
    0
    >>> norm(b, -np.inf)
    2

    >>> norm(a, 1)
    20
    >>> norm(b, 1)
    7
    >>> norm(a, -1)
    -4.6566128774142013e-010
    >>> norm(b, -1)
    6
    >>> norm(a, 2)
    7.745966692414834
    >>> norm(b, 2)
    7.3484692283495345

    >>> norm(a, -2)
    0
    >>> norm(b, -2)
    1.8570331885190563e-016
    >>> norm(a, 3)
    5.8480354764257312
    >>> norm(a, -3)
    0

    """
    # Differs from numpy only in non-finite handling and the use of blas.
    a = np.asarray_chkfinite(a)

    # Only use optimized norms if axis and keepdims are not specified.
    if a.dtype.char in 'fdFD' and axis is None and not keepdims:

        if ord in (None, 2) and (a.ndim == 1):
            # use blas for fast and stable euclidean norm
            nrm2 = get_blas_funcs('nrm2', dtype=a.dtype)
            return nrm2(a)

        if a.ndim == 2 and axis is None and not keepdims:
            # Use lapack for a couple fast matrix norms.
            # For some reason the *lange frobenius norm is slow.
            lange_args = None
            # Make sure this works if the user uses the axis keywords
            # to apply the norm to the transpose.
            if ord == 1:
                if np.isfortran(a):
                    lange_args = '1', a
                elif np.isfortran(a.T):
                    lange_args = 'i', a.T
            elif ord == np.inf:
                if np.isfortran(a):
                    lange_args = 'i', a
                elif np.isfortran(a.T):
                    lange_args = '1', a.T
            if lange_args:
                lange = get_lapack_funcs('lange', dtype=a.dtype)
                return lange(*lange_args)

    # Filter out the axis and keepdims arguments if they aren't used so they
    # are never inadvertently passed to a version of numpy that doesn't
    # support them.
    if axis is not None:
        if keepdims:
            return np.linalg.norm(a, ord=ord, axis=axis, keepdims=keepdims)
        return np.linalg.norm(a, ord=ord, axis=axis)
    return np.linalg.norm(a, ord=ord)


def _datacopied(arr, original):
    """
    Strict check for `arr` not sharing any data with `original`,
    under the assumption that arr = asarray(original)

    """
    if arr is original:
        return False
    if not isinstance(original, np.ndarray) and hasattr(original, '__array__'):
        return False
    return arr.base is None

5490c4347a0f008112614c166dfc6db4445e2515
<mask token>


class LinAlgWarning(RuntimeWarning):
    """
    The warning emitted when a linear algebra related operation is close
    to fail conditions of the algorithm or loss of accuracy is expected.
    """
    pass


<mask token>

<mask token>


class LinAlgWarning(RuntimeWarning):
    """
    The warning emitted when a linear algebra related operation is close
    to fail conditions of the algorithm or loss of accuracy is expected.
    """
    pass


def norm(a, ord=None, axis=None, keepdims=False):
    """
    Matrix or vector norm.

    This function is able to return one of seven different matrix norms,
    or one of an infinite number of vector norms (described below), depending
    on the value of the ``ord`` parameter.

    Parameters
    ----------
    a : (M,) or (M, N) array_like
        Input array.  If `axis` is None, `a` must be 1-D or 2-D.
    ord : {non-zero int, inf, -inf, 'fro'}, optional
        Order of the norm (see table under ``Notes``). inf means numpy's
        `inf` object
    axis : {int, 2-tuple of ints, None}, optional
        If `axis` is an integer, it specifies the axis of `a` along which to
        compute the vector norms.  If `axis` is a 2-tuple, it specifies the
        axes that hold 2-D matrices, and the matrix norms of these matrices
        are computed.  If `axis` is None then either a vector norm (when `a`
        is 1-D) or a matrix norm (when `a` is 2-D) is returned.
    keepdims : bool, optional
        If this is set to True, the axes which are normed over are left in the
        result as dimensions with size one.  With this option the result will
        broadcast correctly against the original `a`.

    Returns
    -------
    n : float or ndarray
        Norm of the matrix or vector(s).

    Notes
    -----
    For values of ``ord <= 0``, the result is, strictly speaking, not a
    mathematical 'norm', but it may still be useful for various numerical
    purposes.

    The following norms can be calculated:

    =====  ============================  ==========================
    ord    norm for matrices             norm for vectors
    =====  ============================  ==========================
    None   Frobenius norm                2-norm
    'fro'  Frobenius norm                --
    inf    max(sum(abs(x), axis=1))      max(abs(x))
    -inf   min(sum(abs(x), axis=1))      min(abs(x))
    0      --                            sum(x != 0)
    1      max(sum(abs(x), axis=0))      as below
    -1     min(sum(abs(x), axis=0))      as below
    2      2-norm (largest sing. value)  as below
    -2     smallest singular value       as below
    other  --                            sum(abs(x)**ord)**(1./ord)
    =====  ============================  ==========================

    The Frobenius norm is given by [1]_:

        :math:`||A||_F = [\\sum_{i,j} abs(a_{i,j})^2]^{1/2}`

    The ``axis`` and ``keepdims`` arguments are passed directly to
    ``numpy.linalg.norm`` and are only usable if they are supported
    by the version of numpy in use.

    References
    ----------
    .. [1] G. H. Golub and C. F. Van Loan, *Matrix Computations*,
           Baltimore, MD, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985, pg. 15

    Examples
    --------
    >>> from scipy.linalg import norm
    >>> a = np.arange(9) - 4.0
    >>> a
    array([-4., -3., -2., -1.,  0.,  1.,  2.,  3.,  4.])
    >>> b = a.reshape((3, 3))
    >>> b
    array([[-4., -3., -2.],
           [-1.,  0.,  1.],
           [ 2.,  3.,  4.]])

    >>> norm(a)
    7.745966692414834
    >>> norm(b)
    7.745966692414834
    >>> norm(b, 'fro')
    7.745966692414834
    >>> norm(a, np.inf)
    4
    >>> norm(b, np.inf)
    9
    >>> norm(a, -np.inf)
    0
    >>> norm(b, -np.inf)
    2

    >>> norm(a, 1)
    20
    >>> norm(b, 1)
    7
    >>> norm(a, -1)
    -4.6566128774142013e-010
    >>> norm(b, -1)
    6
    >>> norm(a, 2)
    7.745966692414834
    >>> norm(b, 2)
    7.3484692283495345

    >>> norm(a, -2)
    0
    >>> norm(b, -2)
    1.8570331885190563e-016
    >>> norm(a, 3)
    5.8480354764257312
    >>> norm(a, -3)
    0

    """
    a = np.asarray_chkfinite(a)
    if a.dtype.char in 'fdFD' and axis is None and not keepdims:
        if ord in (None, 2) and a.ndim == 1:
            nrm2 = get_blas_funcs('nrm2', dtype=a.dtype)
            return nrm2(a)
        if a.ndim == 2 and axis is None and not keepdims:
            lange_args = None
            if ord == 1:
                if np.isfortran(a):
                    lange_args = '1', a
                elif np.isfortran(a.T):
                    lange_args = 'i', a.T
            elif ord == np.inf:
                if np.isfortran(a):
                    lange_args = 'i', a
                elif np.isfortran(a.T):
                    lange_args = '1', a.T
            if lange_args:
                lange = get_lapack_funcs('lange', dtype=a.dtype)
                return lange(*lange_args)
    if axis is not None:
        if keepdims:
            return np.linalg.norm(a, ord=ord, axis=axis, keepdims=keepdims)
        return np.linalg.norm(a, ord=ord, axis=axis)
    return np.linalg.norm(a, ord=ord)


<mask token>

<mask token>


class LinAlgWarning(RuntimeWarning):
    """
    The warning emitted when a linear algebra related operation is close
    to fail conditions of the algorithm or loss of accuracy is expected.
    """
    pass


def norm(a, ord=None, axis=None, keepdims=False):
    """
    Matrix or vector norm.

    This function is able to return one of seven different matrix norms,
    or one of an infinite number of vector norms (described below), depending
    on the value of the ``ord`` parameter.

    Parameters
    ----------
    a : (M,) or (M, N) array_like
        Input array.  If `axis` is None, `a` must be 1-D or 2-D.
    ord : {non-zero int, inf, -inf, 'fro'}, optional
        Order of the norm (see table under ``Notes``). inf means numpy's
        `inf` object
    axis : {int, 2-tuple of ints, None}, optional
        If `axis` is an integer, it specifies the axis of `a` along which to
        compute the vector norms.  If `axis` is a 2-tuple, it specifies the
        axes that hold 2-D matrices, and the matrix norms of these matrices
        are computed.  If `axis` is None then either a vector norm (when `a`
        is 1-D) or a matrix norm (when `a` is 2-D) is returned.
    keepdims : bool, optional
        If this is set to True, the axes which are normed over are left in the
        result as dimensions with size one.  With this option the result will
        broadcast correctly against the original `a`.

    Returns
    -------
    n : float or ndarray
        Norm of the matrix or vector(s).

    Notes
    -----
    For values of ``ord <= 0``, the result is, strictly speaking, not a
    mathematical 'norm', but it may still be useful for various numerical
    purposes.

    The following norms can be calculated:

    =====  ============================  ==========================
    ord    norm for matrices             norm for vectors
    =====  ============================  ==========================
    None   Frobenius norm                2-norm
    'fro'  Frobenius norm                --
    inf    max(sum(abs(x), axis=1))      max(abs(x))
    -inf   min(sum(abs(x), axis=1))      min(abs(x))
    0      --                            sum(x != 0)
    1      max(sum(abs(x), axis=0))      as below
    -1     min(sum(abs(x), axis=0))      as below
    2      2-norm (largest sing. value)  as below
    -2     smallest singular value       as below
    other  --                            sum(abs(x)**ord)**(1./ord)
    =====  ============================  ==========================

    The Frobenius norm is given by [1]_:

        :math:`||A||_F = [\\sum_{i,j} abs(a_{i,j})^2]^{1/2}`

    The ``axis`` and ``keepdims`` arguments are passed directly to
    ``numpy.linalg.norm`` and are only usable if they are supported
    by the version of numpy in use.

    References
    ----------
    .. [1] G. H. Golub and C. F. Van Loan, *Matrix Computations*,
           Baltimore, MD, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985, pg. 15

    Examples
    --------
    >>> from scipy.linalg import norm
    >>> a = np.arange(9) - 4.0
    >>> a
    array([-4., -3., -2., -1.,  0.,  1.,  2.,  3.,  4.])
    >>> b = a.reshape((3, 3))
    >>> b
    array([[-4., -3., -2.],
           [-1.,  0.,  1.],
           [ 2.,  3.,  4.]])

    >>> norm(a)
    7.745966692414834
    >>> norm(b)
    7.745966692414834
    >>> norm(b, 'fro')
    7.745966692414834
    >>> norm(a, np.inf)
    4
    >>> norm(b, np.inf)
    9
    >>> norm(a, -np.inf)
    0
    >>> norm(b, -np.inf)
    2

    >>> norm(a, 1)
    20
    >>> norm(b, 1)
    7
    >>> norm(a, -1)
    -4.6566128774142013e-010
    >>> norm(b, -1)
    6
    >>> norm(a, 2)
    7.745966692414834
    >>> norm(b, 2)
    7.3484692283495345

    >>> norm(a, -2)
    0
    >>> norm(b, -2)
    1.8570331885190563e-016
    >>> norm(a, 3)
    5.8480354764257312
    >>> norm(a, -3)
    0

    """
    a = np.asarray_chkfinite(a)
    if a.dtype.char in 'fdFD' and axis is None and not keepdims:
        if ord in (None, 2) and a.ndim == 1:
            nrm2 = get_blas_funcs('nrm2', dtype=a.dtype)
            return nrm2(a)
        if a.ndim == 2 and axis is None and not keepdims:
            lange_args = None
            if ord == 1:
                if np.isfortran(a):
                    lange_args = '1', a
                elif np.isfortran(a.T):
                    lange_args = 'i', a.T
            elif ord == np.inf:
                if np.isfortran(a):
                    lange_args = 'i', a
                elif np.isfortran(a.T):
                    lange_args = '1', a.T
            if lange_args:
                lange = get_lapack_funcs('lange', dtype=a.dtype)
                return lange(*lange_args)
    if axis is not None:
        if keepdims:
            return np.linalg.norm(a, ord=ord, axis=axis, keepdims=keepdims)
        return np.linalg.norm(a, ord=ord, axis=axis)
    return np.linalg.norm(a, ord=ord)


def _datacopied(arr, original):
    """
    Strict check for `arr` not sharing any data with `original`,
    under the assumption that arr = asarray(original)

    """
    if arr is original:
        return False
    if not isinstance(original, np.ndarray) and hasattr(original, '__array__'):
        return False
    return arr.base is None

from __future__ import division, print_function, absolute_import
import numpy as np
from numpy.linalg import LinAlgError
from .blas import get_blas_funcs
from .lapack import get_lapack_funcs
__all__ = ['LinAlgError', 'LinAlgWarning', 'norm']


class LinAlgWarning(RuntimeWarning):
    """
    The warning emitted when a linear algebra related operation is close
    to fail conditions of the algorithm or loss of accuracy is expected.
    """
    pass


def norm(a, ord=None, axis=None, keepdims=False):
    """
    Matrix or vector norm.

    This function is able to return one of seven different matrix norms,
    or one of an infinite number of vector norms (described below), depending
    on the value of the ``ord`` parameter.

    Parameters
    ----------
    a : (M,) or (M, N) array_like
        Input array.  If `axis` is None, `a` must be 1-D or 2-D.
    ord : {non-zero int, inf, -inf, 'fro'}, optional
        Order of the norm (see table under ``Notes``). inf means numpy's
        `inf` object
    axis : {int, 2-tuple of ints, None}, optional
        If `axis` is an integer, it specifies the axis of `a` along which to
        compute the vector norms.  If `axis` is a 2-tuple, it specifies the
        axes that hold 2-D matrices, and the matrix norms of these matrices
        are computed.  If `axis` is None then either a vector norm (when `a`
        is 1-D) or a matrix norm (when `a` is 2-D) is returned.
    keepdims : bool, optional
        If this is set to True, the axes which are normed over are left in the
        result as dimensions with size one.  With this option the result will
        broadcast correctly against the original `a`.

    Returns
    -------
    n : float or ndarray
        Norm of the matrix or vector(s).

    Notes
    -----
    For values of ``ord <= 0``, the result is, strictly speaking, not a
    mathematical 'norm', but it may still be useful for various numerical
    purposes.

    The following norms can be calculated:

    =====  ============================  ==========================
    ord    norm for matrices             norm for vectors
    =====  ============================  ==========================
    None   Frobenius norm                2-norm
    'fro'  Frobenius norm                --
    inf    max(sum(abs(x), axis=1))      max(abs(x))
    -inf   min(sum(abs(x), axis=1))      min(abs(x))
    0      --                            sum(x != 0)
    1      max(sum(abs(x), axis=0))      as below
    -1     min(sum(abs(x), axis=0))      as below
    2      2-norm (largest sing. value)  as below
    -2     smallest singular value       as below
    other  --                            sum(abs(x)**ord)**(1./ord)
    =====  ============================  ==========================

    The Frobenius norm is given by [1]_:

        :math:`||A||_F = [\\sum_{i,j} abs(a_{i,j})^2]^{1/2}`

    The ``axis`` and ``keepdims`` arguments are passed directly to
    ``numpy.linalg.norm`` and are only usable if they are supported
    by the version of numpy in use.

    References
    ----------
    .. [1] G. H. Golub and C. F. Van Loan, *Matrix Computations*,
           Baltimore, MD, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985, pg. 15

    Examples
    --------
    >>> from scipy.linalg import norm
    >>> a = np.arange(9) - 4.0
    >>> a
    array([-4., -3., -2., -1.,  0.,  1.,  2.,  3.,  4.])
    >>> b = a.reshape((3, 3))
    >>> b
    array([[-4., -3., -2.],
           [-1.,  0.,  1.],
           [ 2.,  3.,  4.]])

    >>> norm(a)
    7.745966692414834
    >>> norm(b)
    7.745966692414834
    >>> norm(b, 'fro')
    7.745966692414834
    >>> norm(a, np.inf)
    4
    >>> norm(b, np.inf)
    9
    >>> norm(a, -np.inf)
    0
    >>> norm(b, -np.inf)
    2

    >>> norm(a, 1)
    20
    >>> norm(b, 1)
    7
    >>> norm(a, -1)
    -4.6566128774142013e-010
    >>> norm(b, -1)
    6
    >>> norm(a, 2)
    7.745966692414834
    >>> norm(b, 2)
    7.3484692283495345

    >>> norm(a, -2)
    0
    >>> norm(b, -2)
    1.8570331885190563e-016
    >>> norm(a, 3)
    5.8480354764257312
    >>> norm(a, -3)
    0

    """
    a = np.asarray_chkfinite(a)
    if a.dtype.char in 'fdFD' and axis is None and not keepdims:
        if ord in (None, 2) and a.ndim == 1:
            nrm2 = get_blas_funcs('nrm2', dtype=a.dtype)
            return nrm2(a)
        if a.ndim == 2 and axis is None and not keepdims:
            lange_args = None
            if ord == 1:
                if np.isfortran(a):
                    lange_args = '1', a
                elif np.isfortran(a.T):
                    lange_args = 'i', a.T
            elif ord == np.inf:
                if np.isfortran(a):
                    lange_args = 'i', a
                elif np.isfortran(a.T):
                    lange_args = '1', a.T
            if lange_args:
                lange = get_lapack_funcs('lange', dtype=a.dtype)
                return lange(*lange_args)
    if axis is not None:
        if keepdims:
            return np.linalg.norm(a, ord=ord, axis=axis, keepdims=keepdims)
        return np.linalg.norm(a, ord=ord, axis=axis)
    return np.linalg.norm(a, ord=ord)


def _datacopied(arr, original):
    """
    Strict check for `arr` not sharing any data with `original`,
    under the assumption that arr = asarray(original)

    """
    if arr is original:
        return False
    if not isinstance(original, np.ndarray) and hasattr(original, '__array__'):
        return False
    return arr.base is None

from __future__ import division, print_function, absolute_import

import numpy as np
from numpy.linalg import LinAlgError
from .blas import get_blas_funcs
from .lapack import get_lapack_funcs

__all__ = ['LinAlgError', 'LinAlgWarning', 'norm']


class LinAlgWarning(RuntimeWarning):
    """
    The warning emitted when a linear algebra related operation is close
    to fail conditions of the algorithm or loss of accuracy is expected.
    """
    pass


def norm(a, ord=None, axis=None, keepdims=False):
    """
    Matrix or vector norm.

    This function is able to return one of seven different matrix norms,
    or one of an infinite number of vector norms (described below), depending
    on the value of the ``ord`` parameter.

    Parameters
    ----------
    a : (M,) or (M, N) array_like
        Input array.  If `axis` is None, `a` must be 1-D or 2-D.
    ord : {non-zero int, inf, -inf, 'fro'}, optional
        Order of the norm (see table under ``Notes``). inf means numpy's
        `inf` object
    axis : {int, 2-tuple of ints, None}, optional
        If `axis` is an integer, it specifies the axis of `a` along which to
        compute the vector norms.  If `axis` is a 2-tuple, it specifies the
        axes that hold 2-D matrices, and the matrix norms of these matrices
        are computed.  If `axis` is None then either a vector norm (when `a`
        is 1-D) or a matrix norm (when `a` is 2-D) is returned.
    keepdims : bool, optional
        If this is set to True, the axes which are normed over are left in the
        result as dimensions with size one.  With this option the result will
        broadcast correctly against the original `a`.

    Returns
    -------
    n : float or ndarray
        Norm of the matrix or vector(s).

    Notes
    -----
    For values of ``ord <= 0``, the result is, strictly speaking, not a
    mathematical 'norm', but it may still be useful for various numerical
    purposes.

    The following norms can be calculated:

    =====  ============================  ==========================
    ord    norm for matrices             norm for vectors
    =====  ============================  ==========================
    None   Frobenius norm                2-norm
    'fro'  Frobenius norm                --
    inf    max(sum(abs(x), axis=1))      max(abs(x))
    -inf   min(sum(abs(x), axis=1))      min(abs(x))
    0      --                            sum(x != 0)
    1      max(sum(abs(x), axis=0))      as below
    -1     min(sum(abs(x), axis=0))      as below
    2      2-norm (largest sing. value)  as below
    -2     smallest singular value       as below
    other  --                            sum(abs(x)**ord)**(1./ord)
    =====  ============================  ==========================

    The Frobenius norm is given by [1]_:

        :math:`||A||_F = [\\sum_{i,j} abs(a_{i,j})^2]^{1/2}`

    The ``axis`` and ``keepdims`` arguments are passed directly to
    ``numpy.linalg.norm`` and are only usable if they are supported
    by the version of numpy in use.

    References
    ----------
    .. [1] G. H. Golub and C. F. Van Loan, *Matrix Computations*,
           Baltimore, MD, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985, pg. 15

    Examples
    --------
    >>> from scipy.linalg import norm
    >>> a = np.arange(9) - 4.0
    >>> a
    array([-4., -3., -2., -1.,  0.,  1.,  2.,  3.,  4.])
    >>> b = a.reshape((3, 3))
    >>> b
    array([[-4., -3., -2.],
           [-1.,  0.,  1.],
           [ 2.,  3.,  4.]])

    >>> norm(a)
    7.745966692414834
    >>> norm(b)
    7.745966692414834
    >>> norm(b, 'fro')
    7.745966692414834
    >>> norm(a, np.inf)
    4
    >>> norm(b, np.inf)
    9
    >>> norm(a, -np.inf)
    0
    >>> norm(b, -np.inf)
    2

    >>> norm(a, 1)
    20
    >>> norm(b, 1)
    7
    >>> norm(a, -1)
    -4.6566128774142013e-010
    >>> norm(b, -1)
    6
    >>> norm(a, 2)
    7.745966692414834
    >>> norm(b, 2)
    7.3484692283495345

    >>> norm(a, -2)
    0
    >>> norm(b, -2)
    1.8570331885190563e-016
    >>> norm(a, 3)
    5.8480354764257312
    >>> norm(a, -3)
    0

    """
    # Differs from numpy only in non-finite handling and the use of blas.
    a = np.asarray_chkfinite(a)

    # Only use optimized norms if axis and keepdims are not specified.
    if a.dtype.char in 'fdFD' and axis is None and not keepdims:

        if ord in (None, 2) and (a.ndim == 1):
            # use blas for fast and stable euclidean norm
            nrm2 = get_blas_funcs('nrm2', dtype=a.dtype)
            return nrm2(a)

        if a.ndim == 2 and axis is None and not keepdims:
            # Use lapack for a couple fast matrix norms.
            # For some reason the *lange frobenius norm is slow.
            lange_args = None
            # Make sure this works if the user uses the axis keywords
            # to apply the norm to the transpose.
            if ord == 1:
                if np.isfortran(a):
                    lange_args = '1', a
                elif np.isfortran(a.T):
                    lange_args = 'i', a.T
            elif ord == np.inf:
                if np.isfortran(a):
                    lange_args = 'i', a
                elif np.isfortran(a.T):
                    lange_args = '1', a.T
            if lange_args:
                lange = get_lapack_funcs('lange', dtype=a.dtype)
                return lange(*lange_args)

    # Filter out the axis and keepdims arguments if they aren't used so they
    # are never inadvertently passed to a version of numpy that doesn't
    # support them.
    if axis is not None:
        if keepdims:
            return np.linalg.norm(a, ord=ord, axis=axis, keepdims=keepdims)
        return np.linalg.norm(a, ord=ord, axis=axis)
    return np.linalg.norm(a, ord=ord)


def _datacopied(arr, original):
    """
    Strict check for `arr` not sharing any data with `original`,
    under the assumption that arr = asarray(original)

    """
    if arr is original:
        return False
    if not isinstance(original, np.ndarray) and hasattr(original, '__array__'):
        return False
    return arr.base is None
