import time
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *

# The individual event object that is returned 
# This serves as a proxy to pygame's event object 
# and the key field is one of the strings in the button list listed below 
# in the InputManager's constructor 
# This comment is actually longer than the class definition itself. 
class InputEvent:
    def __init__(self, key, down):
        self.key = key
        self.down = down
        self.up = not down

# This is where all the magic happens 
class InputManager:
    def __init__(self):

        self.init_joystick()

        # I like SNES button designations. My decision to use them are arbitrary 
        # and are only used internally to consistently identify buttons. 
        # Or you could pretend that these were XBox button layout designations. 
        # Either way. Up to you. You could change them altogether if you want.
        self.buttons = ['up', 'down', 'left', 'right', 'start', 'A', 'B', 'X', 'Y', 'L', 'R']
        
        # If you would like there to be a keyboard fallback configuration, fill those out 
        # here in this mapping. If you wanted the keyboard keys to be configurable, you could 
        # probably copy the same sort of system I use for the joystick configuration for the 
        # keyboard. But that's getting fancy for a simple tutorial. 
        self.key_map = {
            K_UP : 'up',
            K_DOWN : 'down',
            K_LEFT : 'left',
            K_RIGHT : 'right',
            K_RETURN : 'start',
            K_a : 'A',
            K_b : 'B',
            K_x : 'X',
            K_y : 'Y',
            K_l : 'L',
            K_r : 'R'
        }
        
        # This dictionary will tell you which logical buttons are pressed, whether it's 
        # via the keyboard or joystick 
        self.keys_pressed = {}
        for button in self.buttons:
            self.keys_pressed[button] = False
        
        # This is a list of joystick configurations that will be populated during the 
        # configuration phase 
        self.joystick_config = {}
        
        # Quitting the window is raised as an input event. And typically you also want 
        # that event raised when the user presses escape which is not something you 
        # want to configure on the joystick. That's why it's wired separately from 
        # everything else. When escape is pressed or the user closes the window via its 
        # chrome, this flag is set to True. 
        self.quit_attempt = False
    
    # button is a string of the designation in the list above 
    def is_pressed(self, button):
        return self.keys_pressed[button]
    
    # This will pump the pygame events. If this is not called every frame, 
    # then the PyGame window will start to lock up. 
    # This is basically a proxy method for pygame's event pump and will likewise return 
    # a list of event proxies. 
    def get_events(self):
        events = []
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == QUIT or (event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_ESCAPE):
                self.quit_attempt = True
            
            # This is where the keyboard events are checked 
            if event.type == KEYDOWN or event.type == KEYUP:
                key_pushed_down = event.type == KEYDOWN
                button = self.key_map.get(event.key)
                if button != None:
                    events.append(InputEvent(button, key_pushed_down))
                    self.keys_pressed[button] = key_pushed_down
        
        # And this is where each configured button is checked... 
        for button in self.buttons:
            
            # determine what something like "Y" actually means in terms of the joystick 
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None:
                
                # if the button is configured to an actual button... 
                if config[0] == 'is_button':
                    pushed = self.joystick.get_button(config[1])
                    if pushed != self.keys_pressed[button]:
                        events.append(InputEvent(button, pushed))
                        self.keys_pressed[button] = pushed
                
                # if the button is configured to a hat direction... 
                elif config[0] == 'is_hat':
                    status = self.joystick.get_hat(config[1])
                    if config[2] == 'x':
                        amount = status[0]
                    else:
                        amount = status[1]
                    pushed = amount == config[3]
                    if pushed != self.keys_pressed[button]:
                        events.append(InputEvent(button, pushed))
                        self.keys_pressed[button] = pushed
                
                # if the button is configured to a trackball direction... 
                elif config[0] == 'is_ball':
                    status = self.joystick.get_ball(config[1])
                    if config[2] == 'x':
                        amount = status[0]
                    else:
                        amount = status[1]
                    if config[3] == 1:
                        pushed = amount > 0.5
                    else:
                        pushed = amount < -0.5
                    if pushed != self.keys_pressed[button]:
                        events.append(InputEvent(button, pushed))
                        self.keys_pressed[button] = pushed
                
                # if the button is configured to an axis direction... 
                elif config[0] == 'is_axis':
                    status = self.joystick.get_axis(config[1])
                    if config[2] == 1:
                        pushed = status > 0.5
                    else:
                        pushed = status < -0.5
                    if pushed != self.keys_pressed[button]:
                        events.append(InputEvent(button, pushed))
                        self.keys_pressed[button] = pushed
                
        return events        
    
    # Any button that is currently pressed on the game pad will be toggled 
    # to the button designation passed in as the 'button' parameter. 
    # (as long as it isn't already in use for a different button) 
    def configure_button(self, button):
        
        js = self.joystick
        
        # check buttons for activity... 
        for button_index in range(js.get_numbuttons()):
            button_pushed = js.get_button(button_index)
            if button_pushed and not self.is_button_used(button_index):
                self.joystick_config[button] = ('is_button', button_index)
                return True
        
        # check hats for activity... 
        # (hats are the basic direction pads) 
        for hat_index in range(js.get_numhats()):
            hat_status = js.get_hat(hat_index)
            if hat_status[0] < -.5 and not self.is_hat_used(hat_index, 'x', -1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = ('is_hat', hat_index, 'x', -1)
                return True
            elif hat_status[0] > .5 and not self.is_hat_used(hat_index, 'x', 1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = ('is_hat', hat_index, 'x', 1)
                return True
            if hat_status[1] < -.5 and not self.is_hat_used(hat_index, 'y', -1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = ('is_hat', hat_index, 'y', -1)
                return True
            elif hat_status[1] > .5 and not self.is_hat_used(hat_index, 'y', 1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = ('is_hat', hat_index, 'y', 1)
                return True
        
        # check trackballs for activity... 
        # (I don't actually have a gamepad with a trackball on it. So this code 
        # is completely untested! Let me know if it works and is typo-free.) 
        for ball_index in range(js.get_numballs()):
            ball_status = js.get_ball(ball_index)
            if ball_status[0] < -.5 and not self.is_ball_used(ball_index, 'x', -1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = ('is_ball', ball_index, 'x', -1)
                return True
            elif ball_status[0] > .5 and not self.is_ball_used(ball_index, 'x', 1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = ('is_ball', ball_index, 'x', 1)
                return True
            if ball_status[1] < -.5 and not self.is_ball_used(ball_index, 'y', -1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = ('is_ball', ball_index, 'y', -1)
                return True
            elif ball_status[1] > .5 and not self.is_ball_used(ball_index, 'y', 1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = ('is_ball', ball_index, 'y', 1)
                return True
        
        # check axes for activity... 
        # (that's plural of axis. Not a tree chopping tool. Although a USB Axe would be awesome!) 
        for axis_index in range(js.get_numaxes()):
            axis_status = js.get_axis(axis_index)
            if axis_status < -.5 and not self.is_axis_used(axis_index, -1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = ('is_axis', axis_index, -1)
                return True
            elif axis_status > .5 and not self.is_axis_used(axis_index, 1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = ('is_axis', axis_index, 1)
                return True
                
        return False
    
    # The following 4 methods are helper methods used by the above method 
    # to determine if a particular button/axis/hat/trackball are already 
    # configured to a particular button designation 
    def is_button_used(self, button_index):
        for button in self.buttons:
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None and config[0] == 'is_button' and config[1] == button_index:
                return True
        return False
    
    def is_hat_used(self, hat_index, axis, direction):
        for button in self.buttons:
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None and config[0] == 'is_hat':
                if config[1] == hat_index and config[2] == axis and config[3] == direction:
                    return True
        return False
    
    def is_ball_used(self, ball_index, axis, direction):
        for button in self.buttons:
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None and config[0] == 'is_ball':
                if config[1] == ball_index and config[2] == axis and config[3] == direction:
                    return True
        return False
    
    def is_axis_used(self, axis_index, direction):
        for button in self.buttons:
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None and config[0] == 'is_axis':
                if config[1] == axis_index and config[2] == direction:
                    return True
        return False
    
    # Set joystick information. 
    # The joystick needs to be plugged in before this method is called (see main() method) 
    def init_joystick(self):
        joystick = pygame.joystick.Joystick(0)
        joystick.init()
        self.joystick = joystick
        self.joystick_name = joystick.get_name()
    
# A simple player object. This only keeps track of position. 
class Player:
    def __init__(self):
        self.x = 320
        self.y = 240
        self.speed = 4
    
    def move_left(self):
        self.x -= self.speed
    def move_right(self):
        self.x += self.speed
    def move_up(self):
        self.y -= self.speed
    def move_down(self):
        self.y += self.speed

# The main method...duh! 
def main():
    
    fps = 30
    
    print("Plug in a USB gamepad. Do it! Do it now! Press enter after you have done this.")
    wait_for_enter()
    
    pygame.init()
    
    num_joysticks = pygame.joystick.get_count()
    if num_joysticks < 1:
        print("You didn't plug in a joystick. FORSHAME!")
        return
    
    input_manager = InputManager()
    
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480))
    
    button_index = 0
    
    player = Player()
    
    
    # The main game loop 
    while not input_manager.quit_attempt:
        start = time.time()
        
        screen.fill((0,0,0))
        
        # There will be two phases to our "game". 
        is_configured = button_index >= len(input_manager.buttons)
        
        # In the first phase, the user will be prompted to configure the joystick by pressing 
        # the key that is indicated on the screen 
        # You would probably do this in an input menu in your real game. 
        if not is_configured:
            success = configure_phase(screen, input_manager.buttons[button_index], input_manager)
            # if the user pressed a button and configured it... 
            if success:
                # move on to the next button that needs to be configured 
                button_index += 1
        
        # In the second phase, the user will control a "character" on the screen (which will 
        # be represented by a simple blue ball) that obeys the directional commands, whether 
        # it's from the joystick or the keyboard. 
        else:
            interaction_phase(screen, player, input_manager)
        
        pygame.display.flip()
        
        # maintain frame rate 
        difference = start - time.time()
        delay = 1.0 / fps - difference
        if delay > 0:
            time.sleep(delay)

def configure_phase(screen, button, input_manager):
    
    # need to pump windows events otherwise the window will lock up and die 
    input_manager.get_events() 
    
    # configure_button looks at the state of ALL buttons pressed on the joystick 
    # and will map the first pressed button it sees to the current button you pass 
    # in here. 
    success = input_manager.configure_button(button)
    
    # tell user which button to configure 
    write_text(screen, "Press the " + button + " button", 100, 100)
    
    # If a joystick button was successfully configured, return True 
    return success

def interaction_phase(screen, player, input_manager):
    # I dunno. This doesn't do anything. But this is how 
    # you would access key hit events and the like. 
    # Ideal for "shooting a weapon" or "jump" sort of events 
    for event in input_manager.get_events():
        if event.key == 'A' and event.down:
            pass # weeeeeeee 
        if event.key == 'X' and event.up:
            input_manager.quit_attempted = True
    
    # ...but for things like "move in this direction", you want 
    # to know if a button is pressed and held 
    
    if input_manager.is_pressed('left'):
        player.move_left()
    elif input_manager.is_pressed('right'):
        player.move_right()
    if input_manager.is_pressed('up'):
        player.move_up()
    elif input_manager.is_pressed('down'):
        player.move_down()
    
    # Draw the player 
    pygame.draw.circle(screen, (0, 0, 255), (player.x, player.y), 20)

# There was probably a more robust way of doing this. But 
# command line interaction was not the point of the tutorial. 
def wait_for_enter():
    try: input()
    except: pass

# This renders text on the game screen. 
# Also not the point of this tutorial. 
cached_text = {}
cached_font = None
def write_text(screen, text, x, y):
    global cached_text, cached_font
    image = cached_text.get(text)
    if image == None:
        if cached_font == None:
            cached_font = pygame.font.Font(pygame.font.get_default_font(), 12)
        image = cached_font.render(text, True, (255, 255, 255))
        cached_text[text] = image
    screen.blit(image, (x, y - image.get_height()))

# Kick things off. 
main()

# fin.
d51df397f9c21e4ba219207954b91e7737425e86
<mask token>


class InputEvent:
    <mask token>


class InputManager:

    def __init__(self):
        self.init_joystick()
        self.buttons = ['up', 'down', 'left', 'right', 'start', 'A', 'B',
            'X', 'Y', 'L', 'R']
        self.key_map = {K_UP: 'up', K_DOWN: 'down', K_LEFT: 'left', K_RIGHT:
            'right', K_RETURN: 'start', K_a: 'A', K_b: 'B', K_x: 'X', K_y:
            'Y', K_l: 'L', K_r: 'R'}
        self.keys_pressed = {}
        for button in self.buttons:
            self.keys_pressed[button] = False
        self.joystick_config = {}
        self.quit_attempt = False

    def is_pressed(self, button):
        return self.keys_pressed[button]

    def get_events(self):
        events = []
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if (event.type == QUIT or event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key ==
                K_ESCAPE):
                self.quit_attempt = True
            if event.type == KEYDOWN or event.type == KEYUP:
                key_pushed_down = event.type == KEYDOWN
                button = self.key_map.get(event.key)
                if button != None:
                    events.append(InputEvent(button, key_pushed_down))
                    self.keys_pressed[button] = key_pushed_down
        for button in self.buttons:
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None:
                if config[0] == 'is_button':
                    pushed = self.joystick.get_button(config[1])
                    if pushed != self.keys_pressed[button]:
                        events.append(InputEvent(button, pushed))
                        self.keys_pressed[button] = pushed
                elif config[0] == 'is_hat':
                    status = self.joystick.get_hat(config[1])
                    if config[2] == 'x':
                        amount = status[0]
                    else:
                        amount = status[1]
                    pushed = amount == config[3]
                    if pushed != self.keys_pressed[button]:
                        events.append(InputEvent(button, pushed))
                        self.keys_pressed[button] = pushed
                elif config[0] == 'is_ball':
                    status = self.joystick.get_ball(config[1])
                    if config[2] == 'x':
                        amount = status[0]
                    else:
                        amount = status[1]
                    if config[3] == 1:
                        pushed = amount > 0.5
                    else:
                        pushed = amount < -0.5
                    if pushed != self.keys_pressed[button]:
                        events.append(InputEvent(button, pushed))
                        self.keys_pressed[button] = pushed
                elif config[0] == 'is_axis':
                    status = self.joystick.get_axis(config[1])
                    if config[2] == 1:
                        pushed = status > 0.5
                    else:
                        pushed = status < -0.5
                    if pushed != self.keys_pressed[button]:
                        events.append(InputEvent(button, pushed))
                        self.keys_pressed[button] = pushed
        return events

    def configure_button(self, button):
        js = self.joystick
        for button_index in range(js.get_numbuttons()):
            button_pushed = js.get_button(button_index)
            if button_pushed and not self.is_button_used(button_index):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_button', button_index
                return True
        for hat_index in range(js.get_numhats()):
            hat_status = js.get_hat(hat_index)
            if hat_status[0] < -0.5 and not self.is_hat_used(hat_index, 'x', -1
                ):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_hat', hat_index, 'x', -1
                return True
            elif hat_status[0] > 0.5 and not self.is_hat_used(hat_index, 'x', 1
                ):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_hat', hat_index, 'x', 1
                return True
            if hat_status[1] < -0.5 and not self.is_hat_used(hat_index, 'y', -1
                ):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_hat', hat_index, 'y', -1
                return True
            elif hat_status[1] > 0.5 and not self.is_hat_used(hat_index, 'y', 1
                ):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_hat', hat_index, 'y', 1
                return True
        for ball_index in range(js.get_numballs()):
            ball_status = js.get_ball(ball_index)
            if ball_status[0] < -0.5 and not self.is_ball_used(ball_index,
                'x', -1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_ball', ball_index, 'x', -1
                return True
            elif ball_status[0] > 0.5 and not self.is_ball_used(ball_index,
                'x', 1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_ball', ball_index, 'x', 1
                return True
            if ball_status[1] < -0.5 and not self.is_ball_used(ball_index,
                'y', -1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_ball', ball_index, 'y', -1
                return True
            elif ball_status[1] > 0.5 and not self.is_ball_used(ball_index,
                'y', 1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_ball', ball_index, 'y', 1
                return True
        for axis_index in range(js.get_numaxes()):
            axis_status = js.get_axis(axis_index)
            if axis_status < -0.5 and not self.is_axis_used(axis_index, -1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_axis', axis_index, -1
                return True
            elif axis_status > 0.5 and not self.is_axis_used(axis_index, 1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_axis', axis_index, 1
                return True
        return False

    def is_button_used(self, button_index):
        for button in self.buttons:
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None and config[0] == 'is_button' and config[1
                ] == button_index:
                return True
        return False

    def is_hat_used(self, hat_index, axis, direction):
        for button in self.buttons:
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None and config[0] == 'is_hat':
                if config[1] == hat_index and config[2] == axis and config[3
                    ] == direction:
                    return True
        return False

    def is_ball_used(self, ball_index, axis, direction):
        for button in self.buttons:
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None and config[0] == 'is_ball':
                if config[1] == ball_index and config[2] == axis and config[3
                    ] == direction:
                    return True
        return False

    def is_axis_used(self, axis_index, direction):
        for button in self.buttons:
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None and config[0] == 'is_axis':
                if config[1] == axis_index and config[2] == direction:
                    return True
        return False

    def init_joystick(self):
        joystick = pygame.joystick.Joystick(0)
        joystick.init()
        self.joystick = joystick
        self.joystick_name = joystick.get_name()


class Player:

    def __init__(self):
        self.x = 320
        self.y = 240
        self.speed = 4

    def move_left(self):
        self.x -= self.speed

    def move_right(self):
        self.x += self.speed

    def move_up(self):
        self.y -= self.speed

    def move_down(self):
        self.y += self.speed


<mask token>

<mask token>


class InputEvent:

    def __init__(self, key, down):
        self.key = key
        self.down = down
        self.up = not down


class InputManager:

    def __init__(self):
        self.init_joystick()
        self.buttons = ['up', 'down', 'left', 'right', 'start', 'A', 'B',
            'X', 'Y', 'L', 'R']
        self.key_map = {K_UP: 'up', K_DOWN: 'down', K_LEFT: 'left', K_RIGHT:
            'right', K_RETURN: 'start', K_a: 'A', K_b: 'B', K_x: 'X', K_y:
            'Y', K_l: 'L', K_r: 'R'}
        self.keys_pressed = {}
        for button in self.buttons:
            self.keys_pressed[button] = False
        self.joystick_config = {}
        self.quit_attempt = False

    def is_pressed(self, button):
        return self.keys_pressed[button]

    def get_events(self):
        events = []
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if (event.type == QUIT or event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key ==
                K_ESCAPE):
                self.quit_attempt = True
            if event.type == KEYDOWN or event.type == KEYUP:
                key_pushed_down = event.type == KEYDOWN
                button = self.key_map.get(event.key)
                if button != None:
                    events.append(InputEvent(button, key_pushed_down))
                    self.keys_pressed[button] = key_pushed_down
        for button in self.buttons:
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None:
                if config[0] == 'is_button':
                    pushed = self.joystick.get_button(config[1])
                    if pushed != self.keys_pressed[button]:
                        events.append(InputEvent(button, pushed))
                        self.keys_pressed[button] = pushed
                elif config[0] == 'is_hat':
                    status = self.joystick.get_hat(config[1])
                    if config[2] == 'x':
                        amount = status[0]
                    else:
                        amount = status[1]
                    pushed = amount == config[3]
                    if pushed != self.keys_pressed[button]:
                        events.append(InputEvent(button, pushed))
                        self.keys_pressed[button] = pushed
                elif config[0] == 'is_ball':
                    status = self.joystick.get_ball(config[1])
                    if config[2] == 'x':
                        amount = status[0]
                    else:
                        amount = status[1]
                    if config[3] == 1:
                        pushed = amount > 0.5
                    else:
                        pushed = amount < -0.5
                    if pushed != self.keys_pressed[button]:
                        events.append(InputEvent(button, pushed))
                        self.keys_pressed[button] = pushed
                elif config[0] == 'is_axis':
                    status = self.joystick.get_axis(config[1])
                    if config[2] == 1:
                        pushed = status > 0.5
                    else:
                        pushed = status < -0.5
                    if pushed != self.keys_pressed[button]:
                        events.append(InputEvent(button, pushed))
                        self.keys_pressed[button] = pushed
        return events

    def configure_button(self, button):
        js = self.joystick
        for button_index in range(js.get_numbuttons()):
            button_pushed = js.get_button(button_index)
            if button_pushed and not self.is_button_used(button_index):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_button', button_index
                return True
        for hat_index in range(js.get_numhats()):
            hat_status = js.get_hat(hat_index)
            if hat_status[0] < -0.5 and not self.is_hat_used(hat_index, 'x', -1
                ):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_hat', hat_index, 'x', -1
                return True
            elif hat_status[0] > 0.5 and not self.is_hat_used(hat_index, 'x', 1
                ):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_hat', hat_index, 'x', 1
                return True
            if hat_status[1] < -0.5 and not self.is_hat_used(hat_index, 'y', -1
                ):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_hat', hat_index, 'y', -1
                return True
            elif hat_status[1] > 0.5 and not self.is_hat_used(hat_index, 'y', 1
                ):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_hat', hat_index, 'y', 1
                return True
        for ball_index in range(js.get_numballs()):
            ball_status = js.get_ball(ball_index)
            if ball_status[0] < -0.5 and not self.is_ball_used(ball_index,
                'x', -1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_ball', ball_index, 'x', -1
                return True
            elif ball_status[0] > 0.5 and not self.is_ball_used(ball_index,
                'x', 1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_ball', ball_index, 'x', 1
                return True
            if ball_status[1] < -0.5 and not self.is_ball_used(ball_index,
                'y', -1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_ball', ball_index, 'y', -1
                return True
            elif ball_status[1] > 0.5 and not self.is_ball_used(ball_index,
                'y', 1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_ball', ball_index, 'y', 1
                return True
        for axis_index in range(js.get_numaxes()):
            axis_status = js.get_axis(axis_index)
            if axis_status < -0.5 and not self.is_axis_used(axis_index, -1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_axis', axis_index, -1
                return True
            elif axis_status > 0.5 and not self.is_axis_used(axis_index, 1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_axis', axis_index, 1
                return True
        return False

    def is_button_used(self, button_index):
        for button in self.buttons:
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None and config[0] == 'is_button' and config[1
                ] == button_index:
                return True
        return False

    def is_hat_used(self, hat_index, axis, direction):
        for button in self.buttons:
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None and config[0] == 'is_hat':
                if config[1] == hat_index and config[2] == axis and config[3
                    ] == direction:
                    return True
        return False

    def is_ball_used(self, ball_index, axis, direction):
        for button in self.buttons:
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None and config[0] == 'is_ball':
                if config[1] == ball_index and config[2] == axis and config[3
                    ] == direction:
                    return True
        return False

    def is_axis_used(self, axis_index, direction):
        for button in self.buttons:
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None and config[0] == 'is_axis':
                if config[1] == axis_index and config[2] == direction:
                    return True
        return False

    def init_joystick(self):
        joystick = pygame.joystick.Joystick(0)
        joystick.init()
        self.joystick = joystick
        self.joystick_name = joystick.get_name()


class Player:

    def __init__(self):
        self.x = 320
        self.y = 240
        self.speed = 4

    def move_left(self):
        self.x -= self.speed

    def move_right(self):
        self.x += self.speed

    def move_up(self):
        self.y -= self.speed

    def move_down(self):
        self.y += self.speed


def main():
    fps = 30
    print(
        'Plug in a USB gamepad. Do it! Do it now! Press enter after you have done this.'
        )
    wait_for_enter()
    pygame.init()
    num_joysticks = pygame.joystick.get_count()
    if num_joysticks < 1:
        print("You didn't plug in a joystick. FORSHAME!")
        return
    input_manager = InputManager()
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480))
    button_index = 0
    player = Player()
    while not input_manager.quit_attempt:
        start = time.time()
        screen.fill((0, 0, 0))
        is_configured = button_index >= len(input_manager.buttons)
        if not is_configured:
            success = configure_phase(screen, input_manager.buttons[
                button_index], input_manager)
            if success:
                button_index += 1
        else:
            interaction_phase(screen, player, input_manager)
        pygame.display.flip()
        difference = start - time.time()
        delay = 1.0 / fps - difference
        if delay > 0:
            time.sleep(delay)


def configure_phase(screen, button, input_manager):
    input_manager.get_events()
    success = input_manager.configure_button(button)
    write_text(screen, 'Press the ' + button + ' button', 100, 100)
    return success


<mask token>


def wait_for_enter():
    try:
        input()
    except:
        pass


<mask token>


def write_text(screen, text, x, y):
    global cached_text, cached_font
    image = cached_text.get(text)
    if image == None:
        if cached_font == None:
            cached_font = pygame.font.Font(pygame.font.get_default_font(), 12)
        image = cached_font.render(text, True, (255, 255, 255))
        cached_text[text] = image
    screen.blit(image, (x, y - image.get_height()))


<mask token>

<mask token>


class InputEvent:

    def __init__(self, key, down):
        self.key = key
        self.down = down
        self.up = not down


class InputManager:

    def __init__(self):
        self.init_joystick()
        self.buttons = ['up', 'down', 'left', 'right', 'start', 'A', 'B',
            'X', 'Y', 'L', 'R']
        self.key_map = {K_UP: 'up', K_DOWN: 'down', K_LEFT: 'left', K_RIGHT:
            'right', K_RETURN: 'start', K_a: 'A', K_b: 'B', K_x: 'X', K_y:
            'Y', K_l: 'L', K_r: 'R'}
        self.keys_pressed = {}
        for button in self.buttons:
            self.keys_pressed[button] = False
        self.joystick_config = {}
        self.quit_attempt = False

    def is_pressed(self, button):
        return self.keys_pressed[button]

    def get_events(self):
        events = []
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if (event.type == QUIT or event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key ==
                K_ESCAPE):
                self.quit_attempt = True
            if event.type == KEYDOWN or event.type == KEYUP:
                key_pushed_down = event.type == KEYDOWN
                button = self.key_map.get(event.key)
                if button != None:
                    events.append(InputEvent(button, key_pushed_down))
                    self.keys_pressed[button] = key_pushed_down
        for button in self.buttons:
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None:
                if config[0] == 'is_button':
                    pushed = self.joystick.get_button(config[1])
                    if pushed != self.keys_pressed[button]:
                        events.append(InputEvent(button, pushed))
                        self.keys_pressed[button] = pushed
                elif config[0] == 'is_hat':
                    status = self.joystick.get_hat(config[1])
                    if config[2] == 'x':
                        amount = status[0]
                    else:
                        amount = status[1]
                    pushed = amount == config[3]
                    if pushed != self.keys_pressed[button]:
                        events.append(InputEvent(button, pushed))
                        self.keys_pressed[button] = pushed
                elif config[0] == 'is_ball':
                    status = self.joystick.get_ball(config[1])
                    if config[2] == 'x':
                        amount = status[0]
                    else:
                        amount = status[1]
                    if config[3] == 1:
                        pushed = amount > 0.5
                    else:
                        pushed = amount < -0.5
                    if pushed != self.keys_pressed[button]:
                        events.append(InputEvent(button, pushed))
                        self.keys_pressed[button] = pushed
                elif config[0] == 'is_axis':
                    status = self.joystick.get_axis(config[1])
                    if config[2] == 1:
                        pushed = status > 0.5
                    else:
                        pushed = status < -0.5
                    if pushed != self.keys_pressed[button]:
                        events.append(InputEvent(button, pushed))
                        self.keys_pressed[button] = pushed
        return events

    def configure_button(self, button):
        js = self.joystick
        for button_index in range(js.get_numbuttons()):
            button_pushed = js.get_button(button_index)
            if button_pushed and not self.is_button_used(button_index):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_button', button_index
                return True
        for hat_index in range(js.get_numhats()):
            hat_status = js.get_hat(hat_index)
            if hat_status[0] < -0.5 and not self.is_hat_used(hat_index, 'x', -1
                ):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_hat', hat_index, 'x', -1
                return True
            elif hat_status[0] > 0.5 and not self.is_hat_used(hat_index, 'x', 1
                ):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_hat', hat_index, 'x', 1
                return True
            if hat_status[1] < -0.5 and not self.is_hat_used(hat_index, 'y', -1
                ):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_hat', hat_index, 'y', -1
                return True
            elif hat_status[1] > 0.5 and not self.is_hat_used(hat_index, 'y', 1
                ):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_hat', hat_index, 'y', 1
                return True
        for ball_index in range(js.get_numballs()):
            ball_status = js.get_ball(ball_index)
            if ball_status[0] < -0.5 and not self.is_ball_used(ball_index,
                'x', -1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_ball', ball_index, 'x', -1
                return True
            elif ball_status[0] > 0.5 and not self.is_ball_used(ball_index,
                'x', 1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_ball', ball_index, 'x', 1
                return True
            if ball_status[1] < -0.5 and not self.is_ball_used(ball_index,
                'y', -1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_ball', ball_index, 'y', -1
                return True
            elif ball_status[1] > 0.5 and not self.is_ball_used(ball_index,
                'y', 1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_ball', ball_index, 'y', 1
                return True
        for axis_index in range(js.get_numaxes()):
            axis_status = js.get_axis(axis_index)
            if axis_status < -0.5 and not self.is_axis_used(axis_index, -1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_axis', axis_index, -1
                return True
            elif axis_status > 0.5 and not self.is_axis_used(axis_index, 1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_axis', axis_index, 1
                return True
        return False

    def is_button_used(self, button_index):
        for button in self.buttons:
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None and config[0] == 'is_button' and config[1
                ] == button_index:
                return True
        return False

    def is_hat_used(self, hat_index, axis, direction):
        for button in self.buttons:
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None and config[0] == 'is_hat':
                if config[1] == hat_index and config[2] == axis and config[3
                    ] == direction:
                    return True
        return False

    def is_ball_used(self, ball_index, axis, direction):
        for button in self.buttons:
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None and config[0] == 'is_ball':
                if config[1] == ball_index and config[2] == axis and config[3
                    ] == direction:
                    return True
        return False

    def is_axis_used(self, axis_index, direction):
        for button in self.buttons:
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None and config[0] == 'is_axis':
                if config[1] == axis_index and config[2] == direction:
                    return True
        return False

    def init_joystick(self):
        joystick = pygame.joystick.Joystick(0)
        joystick.init()
        self.joystick = joystick
        self.joystick_name = joystick.get_name()


class Player:

    def __init__(self):
        self.x = 320
        self.y = 240
        self.speed = 4

    def move_left(self):
        self.x -= self.speed

    def move_right(self):
        self.x += self.speed

    def move_up(self):
        self.y -= self.speed

    def move_down(self):
        self.y += self.speed


def main():
    fps = 30
    print(
        'Plug in a USB gamepad. Do it! Do it now! Press enter after you have done this.'
        )
    wait_for_enter()
    pygame.init()
    num_joysticks = pygame.joystick.get_count()
    if num_joysticks < 1:
        print("You didn't plug in a joystick. FORSHAME!")
        return
    input_manager = InputManager()
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480))
    button_index = 0
    player = Player()
    while not input_manager.quit_attempt:
        start = time.time()
        screen.fill((0, 0, 0))
        is_configured = button_index >= len(input_manager.buttons)
        if not is_configured:
            success = configure_phase(screen, input_manager.buttons[
                button_index], input_manager)
            if success:
                button_index += 1
        else:
            interaction_phase(screen, player, input_manager)
        pygame.display.flip()
        difference = start - time.time()
        delay = 1.0 / fps - difference
        if delay > 0:
            time.sleep(delay)


def configure_phase(screen, button, input_manager):
    input_manager.get_events()
    success = input_manager.configure_button(button)
    write_text(screen, 'Press the ' + button + ' button', 100, 100)
    return success


def interaction_phase(screen, player, input_manager):
    for event in input_manager.get_events():
        if event.key == 'A' and event.down:
            pass
        if event.key == 'X' and event.up:
            input_manager.quit_attempted = True
    if input_manager.is_pressed('left'):
        player.move_left()
    elif input_manager.is_pressed('right'):
        player.move_right()
    if input_manager.is_pressed('up'):
        player.move_up()
    elif input_manager.is_pressed('down'):
        player.move_down()
    pygame.draw.circle(screen, (0, 0, 255), (player.x, player.y), 20)


def wait_for_enter():
    try:
        input()
    except:
        pass


<mask token>


def write_text(screen, text, x, y):
    global cached_text, cached_font
    image = cached_text.get(text)
    if image == None:
        if cached_font == None:
            cached_font = pygame.font.Font(pygame.font.get_default_font(), 12)
        image = cached_font.render(text, True, (255, 255, 255))
        cached_text[text] = image
    screen.blit(image, (x, y - image.get_height()))


<mask token>

import time
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *


class InputEvent:

    def __init__(self, key, down):
        self.key = key
        self.down = down
        self.up = not down


class InputManager:

    def __init__(self):
        self.init_joystick()
        self.buttons = ['up', 'down', 'left', 'right', 'start', 'A', 'B',
            'X', 'Y', 'L', 'R']
        self.key_map = {K_UP: 'up', K_DOWN: 'down', K_LEFT: 'left', K_RIGHT:
            'right', K_RETURN: 'start', K_a: 'A', K_b: 'B', K_x: 'X', K_y:
            'Y', K_l: 'L', K_r: 'R'}
        self.keys_pressed = {}
        for button in self.buttons:
            self.keys_pressed[button] = False
        self.joystick_config = {}
        self.quit_attempt = False

    def is_pressed(self, button):
        return self.keys_pressed[button]

    def get_events(self):
        events = []
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if (event.type == QUIT or event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key ==
                K_ESCAPE):
                self.quit_attempt = True
            if event.type == KEYDOWN or event.type == KEYUP:
                key_pushed_down = event.type == KEYDOWN
                button = self.key_map.get(event.key)
                if button != None:
                    events.append(InputEvent(button, key_pushed_down))
                    self.keys_pressed[button] = key_pushed_down
        for button in self.buttons:
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None:
                if config[0] == 'is_button':
                    pushed = self.joystick.get_button(config[1])
                    if pushed != self.keys_pressed[button]:
                        events.append(InputEvent(button, pushed))
                        self.keys_pressed[button] = pushed
                elif config[0] == 'is_hat':
                    status = self.joystick.get_hat(config[1])
                    if config[2] == 'x':
                        amount = status[0]
                    else:
                        amount = status[1]
                    pushed = amount == config[3]
                    if pushed != self.keys_pressed[button]:
                        events.append(InputEvent(button, pushed))
                        self.keys_pressed[button] = pushed
                elif config[0] == 'is_ball':
                    status = self.joystick.get_ball(config[1])
                    if config[2] == 'x':
                        amount = status[0]
                    else:
                        amount = status[1]
                    if config[3] == 1:
                        pushed = amount > 0.5
                    else:
                        pushed = amount < -0.5
                    if pushed != self.keys_pressed[button]:
                        events.append(InputEvent(button, pushed))
                        self.keys_pressed[button] = pushed
                elif config[0] == 'is_axis':
                    status = self.joystick.get_axis(config[1])
                    if config[2] == 1:
                        pushed = status > 0.5
                    else:
                        pushed = status < -0.5
                    if pushed != self.keys_pressed[button]:
                        events.append(InputEvent(button, pushed))
                        self.keys_pressed[button] = pushed
        return events

    def configure_button(self, button):
        js = self.joystick
        for button_index in range(js.get_numbuttons()):
            button_pushed = js.get_button(button_index)
            if button_pushed and not self.is_button_used(button_index):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_button', button_index
                return True
        for hat_index in range(js.get_numhats()):
            hat_status = js.get_hat(hat_index)
            if hat_status[0] < -0.5 and not self.is_hat_used(hat_index, 'x', -1
                ):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_hat', hat_index, 'x', -1
                return True
            elif hat_status[0] > 0.5 and not self.is_hat_used(hat_index, 'x', 1
                ):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_hat', hat_index, 'x', 1
                return True
            if hat_status[1] < -0.5 and not self.is_hat_used(hat_index, 'y', -1
                ):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_hat', hat_index, 'y', -1
                return True
            elif hat_status[1] > 0.5 and not self.is_hat_used(hat_index, 'y', 1
                ):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_hat', hat_index, 'y', 1
                return True
        for ball_index in range(js.get_numballs()):
            ball_status = js.get_ball(ball_index)
            if ball_status[0] < -0.5 and not self.is_ball_used(ball_index,
                'x', -1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_ball', ball_index, 'x', -1
                return True
            elif ball_status[0] > 0.5 and not self.is_ball_used(ball_index,
                'x', 1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_ball', ball_index, 'x', 1
                return True
            if ball_status[1] < -0.5 and not self.is_ball_used(ball_index,
                'y', -1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_ball', ball_index, 'y', -1
                return True
            elif ball_status[1] > 0.5 and not self.is_ball_used(ball_index,
                'y', 1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_ball', ball_index, 'y', 1
                return True
        for axis_index in range(js.get_numaxes()):
            axis_status = js.get_axis(axis_index)
            if axis_status < -0.5 and not self.is_axis_used(axis_index, -1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_axis', axis_index, -1
                return True
            elif axis_status > 0.5 and not self.is_axis_used(axis_index, 1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = 'is_axis', axis_index, 1
                return True
        return False

    def is_button_used(self, button_index):
        for button in self.buttons:
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None and config[0] == 'is_button' and config[1
                ] == button_index:
                return True
        return False

    def is_hat_used(self, hat_index, axis, direction):
        for button in self.buttons:
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None and config[0] == 'is_hat':
                if config[1] == hat_index and config[2] == axis and config[3
                    ] == direction:
                    return True
        return False

    def is_ball_used(self, ball_index, axis, direction):
        for button in self.buttons:
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None and config[0] == 'is_ball':
                if config[1] == ball_index and config[2] == axis and config[3
                    ] == direction:
                    return True
        return False

    def is_axis_used(self, axis_index, direction):
        for button in self.buttons:
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None and config[0] == 'is_axis':
                if config[1] == axis_index and config[2] == direction:
                    return True
        return False

    def init_joystick(self):
        joystick = pygame.joystick.Joystick(0)
        joystick.init()
        self.joystick = joystick
        self.joystick_name = joystick.get_name()


class Player:

    def __init__(self):
        self.x = 320
        self.y = 240
        self.speed = 4

    def move_left(self):
        self.x -= self.speed

    def move_right(self):
        self.x += self.speed

    def move_up(self):
        self.y -= self.speed

    def move_down(self):
        self.y += self.speed


def main():
    fps = 30
    print(
        'Plug in a USB gamepad. Do it! Do it now! Press enter after you have done this.'
        )
    wait_for_enter()
    pygame.init()
    num_joysticks = pygame.joystick.get_count()
    if num_joysticks < 1:
        print("You didn't plug in a joystick. FORSHAME!")
        return
    input_manager = InputManager()
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480))
    button_index = 0
    player = Player()
    while not input_manager.quit_attempt:
        start = time.time()
        screen.fill((0, 0, 0))
        is_configured = button_index >= len(input_manager.buttons)
        if not is_configured:
            success = configure_phase(screen, input_manager.buttons[
                button_index], input_manager)
            if success:
                button_index += 1
        else:
            interaction_phase(screen, player, input_manager)
        pygame.display.flip()
        difference = start - time.time()
        delay = 1.0 / fps - difference
        if delay > 0:
            time.sleep(delay)


def configure_phase(screen, button, input_manager):
    input_manager.get_events()
    success = input_manager.configure_button(button)
    write_text(screen, 'Press the ' + button + ' button', 100, 100)
    return success


def interaction_phase(screen, player, input_manager):
    for event in input_manager.get_events():
        if event.key == 'A' and event.down:
            pass
        if event.key == 'X' and event.up:
            input_manager.quit_attempted = True
    if input_manager.is_pressed('left'):
        player.move_left()
    elif input_manager.is_pressed('right'):
        player.move_right()
    if input_manager.is_pressed('up'):
        player.move_up()
    elif input_manager.is_pressed('down'):
        player.move_down()
    pygame.draw.circle(screen, (0, 0, 255), (player.x, player.y), 20)


def wait_for_enter():
    try:
        input()
    except:
        pass


cached_text = {}
cached_font = None


def write_text(screen, text, x, y):
    global cached_text, cached_font
    image = cached_text.get(text)
    if image == None:
        if cached_font == None:
            cached_font = pygame.font.Font(pygame.font.get_default_font(), 12)
        image = cached_font.render(text, True, (255, 255, 255))
        cached_text[text] = image
    screen.blit(image, (x, y - image.get_height()))


main()

import time
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *

# The individual event object that is returned 
# This serves as a proxy to pygame's event object 
# and the key field is one of the strings in the button list listed below 
# in the InputManager's constructor 
# This comment is actually longer than the class definition itself. 
class InputEvent:
    def __init__(self, key, down):
        self.key = key
        self.down = down
        self.up = not down

# This is where all the magic happens 
class InputManager:
    def __init__(self):

        self.init_joystick()

        # I like SNES button designations. My decision to use them are arbitrary 
        # and are only used internally to consistently identify buttons. 
        # Or you could pretend that these were XBox button layout designations. 
        # Either way. Up to you. You could change them altogether if you want.
        self.buttons = ['up', 'down', 'left', 'right', 'start', 'A', 'B', 'X', 'Y', 'L', 'R']
        
        # If you would like there to be a keyboard fallback configuration, fill those out 
        # here in this mapping. If you wanted the keyboard keys to be configurable, you could 
        # probably copy the same sort of system I use for the joystick configuration for the 
        # keyboard. But that's getting fancy for a simple tutorial. 
        self.key_map = {
            K_UP : 'up',
            K_DOWN : 'down',
            K_LEFT : 'left',
            K_RIGHT : 'right',
            K_RETURN : 'start',
            K_a : 'A',
            K_b : 'B',
            K_x : 'X',
            K_y : 'Y',
            K_l : 'L',
            K_r : 'R'
        }
        
        # This dictionary will tell you which logical buttons are pressed, whether it's 
        # via the keyboard or joystick 
        self.keys_pressed = {}
        for button in self.buttons:
            self.keys_pressed[button] = False
        
        # This is a list of joystick configurations that will be populated during the 
        # configuration phase 
        self.joystick_config = {}
        
        # Quitting the window is raised as an input event. And typically you also want 
        # that event raised when the user presses escape which is not something you 
        # want to configure on the joystick. That's why it's wired separately from 
        # everything else. When escape is pressed or the user closes the window via its 
        # chrome, this flag is set to True. 
        self.quit_attempt = False
    
    # button is a string of the designation in the list above 
    def is_pressed(self, button):
        return self.keys_pressed[button]
    
    # This will pump the pygame events. If this is not called every frame, 
    # then the PyGame window will start to lock up. 
    # This is basically a proxy method for pygame's event pump and will likewise return 
    # a list of event proxies. 
    def get_events(self):
        events = []
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == QUIT or (event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_ESCAPE):
                self.quit_attempt = True
            
            # This is where the keyboard events are checked 
            if event.type == KEYDOWN or event.type == KEYUP:
                key_pushed_down = event.type == KEYDOWN
                button = self.key_map.get(event.key)
                if button != None:
                    events.append(InputEvent(button, key_pushed_down))
                    self.keys_pressed[button] = key_pushed_down
        
        # And this is where each configured button is checked... 
        for button in self.buttons:
            
            # determine what something like "Y" actually means in terms of the joystick 
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None:
                
                # if the button is configured to an actual button... 
                if config[0] == 'is_button':
                    pushed = self.joystick.get_button(config[1])
                    if pushed != self.keys_pressed[button]:
                        events.append(InputEvent(button, pushed))
                        self.keys_pressed[button] = pushed
                
                # if the button is configured to a hat direction... 
                elif config[0] == 'is_hat':
                    status = self.joystick.get_hat(config[1])
                    if config[2] == 'x':
                        amount = status[0]
                    else:
                        amount = status[1]
                    pushed = amount == config[3]
                    if pushed != self.keys_pressed[button]:
                        events.append(InputEvent(button, pushed))
                        self.keys_pressed[button] = pushed
                
                # if the button is configured to a trackball direction... 
                elif config[0] == 'is_ball':
                    status = self.joystick.get_ball(config[1])
                    if config[2] == 'x':
                        amount = status[0]
                    else:
                        amount = status[1]
                    if config[3] == 1:
                        pushed = amount > 0.5
                    else:
                        pushed = amount < -0.5
                    if pushed != self.keys_pressed[button]:
                        events.append(InputEvent(button, pushed))
                        self.keys_pressed[button] = pushed
                
                # if the button is configured to an axis direction... 
                elif config[0] == 'is_axis':
                    status = self.joystick.get_axis(config[1])
                    if config[2] == 1:
                        pushed = status > 0.5
                    else:
                        pushed = status < -0.5
                    if pushed != self.keys_pressed[button]:
                        events.append(InputEvent(button, pushed))
                        self.keys_pressed[button] = pushed
                
        return events        
    
    # Any button that is currently pressed on the game pad will be toggled 
    # to the button designation passed in as the 'button' parameter. 
    # (as long as it isn't already in use for a different button) 
    def configure_button(self, button):
        
        js = self.joystick
        
        # check buttons for activity... 
        for button_index in range(js.get_numbuttons()):
            button_pushed = js.get_button(button_index)
            if button_pushed and not self.is_button_used(button_index):
                self.joystick_config[button] = ('is_button', button_index)
                return True
        
        # check hats for activity... 
        # (hats are the basic direction pads) 
        for hat_index in range(js.get_numhats()):
            hat_status = js.get_hat(hat_index)
            if hat_status[0] < -.5 and not self.is_hat_used(hat_index, 'x', -1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = ('is_hat', hat_index, 'x', -1)
                return True
            elif hat_status[0] > .5 and not self.is_hat_used(hat_index, 'x', 1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = ('is_hat', hat_index, 'x', 1)
                return True
            if hat_status[1] < -.5 and not self.is_hat_used(hat_index, 'y', -1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = ('is_hat', hat_index, 'y', -1)
                return True
            elif hat_status[1] > .5 and not self.is_hat_used(hat_index, 'y', 1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = ('is_hat', hat_index, 'y', 1)
                return True
        
        # check trackballs for activity... 
        # (I don't actually have a gamepad with a trackball on it. So this code 
        # is completely untested! Let me know if it works and is typo-free.) 
        for ball_index in range(js.get_numballs()):
            ball_status = js.get_ball(ball_index)
            if ball_status[0] < -.5 and not self.is_ball_used(ball_index, 'x', -1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = ('is_ball', ball_index, 'x', -1)
                return True
            elif ball_status[0] > .5 and not self.is_ball_used(ball_index, 'x', 1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = ('is_ball', ball_index, 'x', 1)
                return True
            if ball_status[1] < -.5 and not self.is_ball_used(ball_index, 'y', -1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = ('is_ball', ball_index, 'y', -1)
                return True
            elif ball_status[1] > .5 and not self.is_ball_used(ball_index, 'y', 1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = ('is_ball', ball_index, 'y', 1)
                return True
        
        # check axes for activity... 
        # (that's plural of axis. Not a tree chopping tool. Although a USB Axe would be awesome!) 
        for axis_index in range(js.get_numaxes()):
            axis_status = js.get_axis(axis_index)
            if axis_status < -.5 and not self.is_axis_used(axis_index, -1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = ('is_axis', axis_index, -1)
                return True
            elif axis_status > .5 and not self.is_axis_used(axis_index, 1):
                self.joystick_config[button] = ('is_axis', axis_index, 1)
                return True
                
        return False
    
    # The following 4 methods are helper methods used by the above method 
    # to determine if a particular button/axis/hat/trackball are already 
    # configured to a particular button designation 
    def is_button_used(self, button_index):
        for button in self.buttons:
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None and config[0] == 'is_button' and config[1] == button_index:
                return True
        return False
    
    def is_hat_used(self, hat_index, axis, direction):
        for button in self.buttons:
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None and config[0] == 'is_hat':
                if config[1] == hat_index and config[2] == axis and config[3] == direction:
                    return True
        return False
    
    def is_ball_used(self, ball_index, axis, direction):
        for button in self.buttons:
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None and config[0] == 'is_ball':
                if config[1] == ball_index and config[2] == axis and config[3] == direction:
                    return True
        return False
    
    def is_axis_used(self, axis_index, direction):
        for button in self.buttons:
            config = self.joystick_config.get(button)
            if config != None and config[0] == 'is_axis':
                if config[1] == axis_index and config[2] == direction:
                    return True
        return False
    
    # Set joystick information. 
    # The joystick needs to be plugged in before this method is called (see main() method) 
    def init_joystick(self):
        joystick = pygame.joystick.Joystick(0)
        joystick.init()
        self.joystick = joystick
        self.joystick_name = joystick.get_name()
    
# A simple player object. This only keeps track of position. 
class Player:
    def __init__(self):
        self.x = 320
        self.y = 240
        self.speed = 4
    
    def move_left(self):
        self.x -= self.speed
    def move_right(self):
        self.x += self.speed
    def move_up(self):
        self.y -= self.speed
    def move_down(self):
        self.y += self.speed

# The main method...duh! 
def main():
    
    fps = 30
    
    print("Plug in a USB gamepad. Do it! Do it now! Press enter after you have done this.")
    wait_for_enter()
    
    pygame.init()
    
    num_joysticks = pygame.joystick.get_count()
    if num_joysticks < 1:
        print("You didn't plug in a joystick. FORSHAME!")
        return
    
    input_manager = InputManager()
    
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480))
    
    button_index = 0
    
    player = Player()
    
    
    # The main game loop 
    while not input_manager.quit_attempt:
        start = time.time()
        
        screen.fill((0,0,0))
        
        # There will be two phases to our "game". 
        is_configured = button_index >= len(input_manager.buttons)
        
        # In the first phase, the user will be prompted to configure the joystick by pressing 
        # the key that is indicated on the screen 
        # You would probably do this in an input menu in your real game. 
        if not is_configured:
            success = configure_phase(screen, input_manager.buttons[button_index], input_manager)
            # if the user pressed a button and configured it... 
            if success:
                # move on to the next button that needs to be configured 
                button_index += 1
        
        # In the second phase, the user will control a "character" on the screen (which will 
        # be represented by a simple blue ball) that obeys the directional commands, whether 
        # it's from the joystick or the keyboard. 
        else:
            interaction_phase(screen, player, input_manager)
        
        pygame.display.flip()
        
        # maintain frame rate 
        difference = start - time.time()
        delay = 1.0 / fps - difference
        if delay > 0:
            time.sleep(delay)

def configure_phase(screen, button, input_manager):
    
    # need to pump windows events otherwise the window will lock up and die 
    input_manager.get_events() 
    
    # configure_button looks at the state of ALL buttons pressed on the joystick 
    # and will map the first pressed button it sees to the current button you pass 
    # in here. 
    success = input_manager.configure_button(button)
    
    # tell user which button to configure 
    write_text(screen, "Press the " + button + " button", 100, 100)
    
    # If a joystick button was successfully configured, return True 
    return success

def interaction_phase(screen, player, input_manager):
    # I dunno. This doesn't do anything. But this is how 
    # you would access key hit events and the like. 
    # Ideal for "shooting a weapon" or "jump" sort of events 
    for event in input_manager.get_events():
        if event.key == 'A' and event.down:
            pass # weeeeeeee 
        if event.key == 'X' and event.up:
            input_manager.quit_attempted = True
    
    # ...but for things like "move in this direction", you want 
    # to know if a button is pressed and held 
    
    if input_manager.is_pressed('left'):
        player.move_left()
    elif input_manager.is_pressed('right'):
        player.move_right()
    if input_manager.is_pressed('up'):
        player.move_up()
    elif input_manager.is_pressed('down'):
        player.move_down()
    
    # Draw the player 
    pygame.draw.circle(screen, (0, 0, 255), (player.x, player.y), 20)

# There was probably a more robust way of doing this. But 
# command line interaction was not the point of the tutorial. 
def wait_for_enter():
    try: input()
    except: pass

# This renders text on the game screen. 
# Also not the point of this tutorial. 
cached_text = {}
cached_font = None
def write_text(screen, text, x, y):
    global cached_text, cached_font
    image = cached_text.get(text)
    if image == None:
        if cached_font == None:
            cached_font = pygame.font.Font(pygame.font.get_default_font(), 12)
        image = cached_font.render(text, True, (255, 255, 255))
        cached_text[text] = image
    screen.blit(image, (x, y - image.get_height()))

# Kick things off. 
main()

# fin.