#
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# Copyright (c) 2016 by science+computing ag
#
#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
#  limitations under the License.
#

from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function

from unittest import TestCase, skipIf, skipUnless

import pickletools
import io
from StringIO import StringIO
import cStringIO
import pickle
import types
import sys
import imp
import traceback
import thread
import functools
# a pure python module used for testing
import tabnanny
import os.path
import socket
import collections
import logging
import operator
import weakref
import abc
import inspect

from .. import _sPickle
from . import wf_module
import copy

try:
    from stackless import _wrap
    del _wrap
except ImportError:
    isStackless = False
else:
    isStackless = True

try:
    import gtk
except (ImportError, Warning):
    # import gtk raises gtk.GtkWarning on Linux/UNIX, if it fails to open the DISPLAY
    gtk = None

try:
    import rpyc
    del rpyc
    RPYC_AVAILABLE = True
except ImportError:
    RPYC_AVAILABLE = False

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
# disable info messages for the ODB
_sPickle.LOGGER().getChild(_sPickle.ObjectDispatchBuilder.__name__).setLevel(logging.WARN)  # @UndefinedVariable


class PEP302ImportDetector(object):
    def __init__(self, raiseOn=None):
        self.imports = set()
        self.raiseOn = raiseOn if raiseOn else ()

    def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
        self.imports.add(fullname)
        if fullname in self.raiseOn:
            raise AssertionError("Module must not be imported: '%s'" % (fullname,))
        return None

    def __enter__(self):
        sys.meta_path.insert(0, self)
        return self

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        sys.meta_path.remove(self)
        return False


# Various test objects
def aFunction():
    """A plain global function """
    return True


def aFunction2():
    """A plain global function 2"""
    return True


def aFunction3():
    """A plain global function 3"""
    return True


def functionWithArg(arg):
    """A function that takes an argument"""
    return bool(arg)

decoratedFunction = functools.partial(functionWithArg, 4711)
functools.update_wrapper(decoratedFunction, functionWithArg)
del functionWithArg


class ModuleWithOrderedDict(types.ModuleType):
    __slots__ = ("__od__",)

    def __new__(cls, name, *doc):
        m = super(ModuleWithOrderedDict, cls).__new__(cls, name, *doc)
        od = collections.OrderedDict()
        od["__name__"] = name
        od["__doc__"] = doc[0] if len(doc) > 0 else None
        object.__setattr__(m, "__od__", od)
        return m

    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
        object.__getattribute__(self, "__od__")[name] = value
        super(ModuleWithOrderedDict, self).__setattr__(name, value)

    def __getattribute__(self, name):
        if name in ("__slots__", "__od__"):
            raise AttributeError("%r object has no attribute %r" % (type(self).__name__, name))
        if name == "__dict__":
            return object.__getattribute__(self, "__od__")
        return object.__getattribute__(self, name)

modForPartiallyUnpickleable = ModuleWithOrderedDict("modForPartiallyUnpickleable")
sys.modules["modForPartiallyUnpickleable"] = modForPartiallyUnpickleable
setattr(modForPartiallyUnpickleable, _sPickle.MODULE_TO_BE_PICKLED_FLAG_NAME, True)
modForPartiallyUnpickleable.True = True

# A function, within modForPartiallyUnpickleable
# This triggers a problem in pickle.Pickler.save_function
partiallyUnpickleableFunction = types.FunctionType(aFunction.func_code,
                                                   modForPartiallyUnpickleable.__dict__)
modForPartiallyUnpickleable.aFunction = partiallyUnpickleableFunction


class IntentionallyUnpicleableError(pickle.PicklingError):
    pass


class UnpickleableClass(object):
    def __reduce_ex__(self, proto):
        raise IntentionallyUnpicleableError("Intentionally unpickleable")
modForPartiallyUnpickleable.unpickleable = UnpickleableClass()
del modForPartiallyUnpickleable


class PlainClass(object):
    def __init__(self, state=None):
        self.state = state

    def isOk(self):
        return self.state == "OK"

    def isOk2(self):
        return self.state == "OK"

    def __private(self):
        return self.state == "OK"

    def __special__(self):
        return self.state == "OK"


# Add a method named PlainClass.__private. This is different from PlainClass._PlainClass__private
def __private(self):
    return self.state == "OK"
setattr(PlainClass, "__private", __private)
del __private


class PlainSubClass(PlainClass):
    def __private(self):
        return self.state == "OK"

    def isOk2(self):
        return self.state == "OK"


class PlainClassicClass:
    def __init__(self, state=None):
        self.state = state

    def isOk(self):
        return self.state == "OK"

    def __private(self):
        return self.state == "OK"


class PlainClassicSubClass(PlainClassicClass):
    def __private(self):
        return self.state == "OK"


def ClassWithDictCreatingReduce_reducer(cls, dict_):
    obj = cls()
    obj.__dict__ = dict_
    return obj


class ClassWithDictCreatingReduce(object):
    def __reduce_ex__(self, proto):
        return (ClassWithDictCreatingReduce_reducer, (self.__class__, self.__dict__))

    def __init__(self, state=None):
        self.state = state

    def isOk(self):
        return self.state == "OK"


class P:
    # this class is not in the module namespace and
    # therefore the pickler has to serialize the class
    class RecursiveClass(object):
        selfCls = None
        count = 0

        def __init__(self):
            self.count = self.count + 1

        def run(self, test):
            test.assertTrue(self.selfCls is self.__class__)
            test.assertEqual(self.count, 1)
            return True
    RecursiveClass.selfCls = RecursiveClass


class Q(object):
    # this class is not in the module namespace and
    # therefore the pickler has to serialize the class
    class IndirectRecursiveBaseClass(object):
        pass

    class IndirectRecursiveClass(IndirectRecursiveBaseClass):
        count = 0

        def __init__(self):
            self.count = self.count + 1

        def run(self, test):
            test.assertIsInstance(self.refToGlobals, types.DictProxyType)
            test.assertEqual(self.refToGlobals, Q.__dict__)
            test.assertEqual(self.count, 1)
            return True
Q.IndirectRecursiveBaseClass.refToGlobals = Q.__dict__


class R:
    # this class is not in the module namespace and
    # therefore the pickler has to serialize the class
    class IndirectRecursiveBaseClass(object):
        pass

    class IndirectRecursiveClass(IndirectRecursiveBaseClass):
        count = 0

        def __init__(self):
            self.count = self.count + 1

        def run(self, test):
            test.assertTrue(self.refToDict['ref2IndirectRecursiveClass'] is self.__class__)
            test.assertEqual(self.count, 1)
            return True
R.IndirectRecursiveBaseClass.refToDict = {'ref2IndirectRecursiveClass': R.IndirectRecursiveClass}


def buildModule(name):
    """Builder for anonymous modules"""
    m = imp.new_module(name)
    # function from another module
    m.foreignFunction = aFunction
    # function of the anonymous module
    exec """
def isOk():
    return foreignFunction()
""" in m.__dict__
    return m

anonymousModule = buildModule("anonymousModule")
anonymousWfModule = buildModule("anonymousWfModule")
setattr(anonymousWfModule, _sPickle.MODULE_TO_BE_PICKLED_FLAG_NAME, True)


class StrangeModuleType(types.ModuleType):
    """Modules of this type have an 'isOk()' function, that is
    not referenced in the dictionary of the module. Therefore this function does not
    get pickled together with its module."""

    syntheticFunctions = {}

    """A special module type"""
    def __getattr__(self, name):
        if name == "isOk":
            f = self.syntheticFunctions.get(id(self))
            if f is None:
                # create the function, but avoid a reference to the
                # modules namespace. Just copy the __module__ attribute,
                # to make the synthetic function part of self
                f = eval("lambda : True", {'__name__': self.__module__})
                f.func_name = name
                self.syntheticFunctions[id(self)] = f
            return f
        raise AttributeError(name)
setattr(StrangeModuleType, _sPickle.MODULE_TO_BE_PICKLED_FLAG_NAME, True)

strangeModule = StrangeModuleType("strangeModule")
sys.modules[strangeModule.__name__] = strangeModule


class TestImportFunctor(object):
    def __init__(self, *modulesToUnimport):
        self.names = []
        self.modulesToUnimport = modulesToUnimport
        self.unimported = set()

    def __call__(self, name, *args, **kw):
        self.names.append(name)
        return self.saved_import(name, *args, **kw)

    def __enter__(self):
        import __builtin__
        self.saved_import = __builtin__.__import__
        __builtin__.__import__ = self
        self.saved_modules = sys.modules.copy()
        assert self.saved_modules == sys.modules

        for m in self.modulesToUnimport:
            if isinstance(m, types.ModuleType):
                name = m.__name__
                if m is not sys.modules.get(name):
                    for k, v in sys.modules.iteritems():
                        if v is m:
                            name = k
                m = name
            if m in sys.modules:
                self.unimported.add(sys.modules[m])
                del sys.modules[m]

        self.pre_modules = sys.modules.copy()
        assert self.pre_modules == sys.modules
        return self

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        import __builtin__
        __builtin__.__import__ = self.saved_import
        self.post_modules = sys.modules.copy()
        assert self.post_modules == sys.modules
        sys.modules.clear()
        sys.modules.update(self.saved_modules)

        return False


class ClassWithHostile__getattr__(object):
    def __init__(self, allow_setstate):
        self.allow_setstate = allow_setstate

    def __getattr__(self, name):
        if name == "__setstate__" and self.allow_setstate:
            raise AttributeError(name)
        raise Exception("This __getattr__ always raises an exception")


class ClassWithHostile__getattribute__(object):
    def __init__(self, allow_setstate):
        self.allow_setstate = allow_setstate

    def __getattribute__(self, name):
        if name == "__setstate__" and object.__getattribute__(self, "allow_setstate"):
            raise AttributeError(name)
        if name in ("__reduce_ex__", "__reduce__", "__class__"):
            return object.__getattribute__(self, name)

        raise Exception("This __getattribute__ always raises an exception: %r" % name)


class ClassicNull:
    """
    Gotten from: http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/68205

    This is a very nasty class, it causes an infinite recursion!
    """

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return None

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self

    def __getattr__(self, mname):
        return self

    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
        return self

    def __delattr__(self, name):
        return self

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<Null>"

    def __str__(self):
        return "Null"

    def __len__(self):
        return 0

    def __getitem__(self):
        return self

    def __setitem__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        pass

    def write(self, *args, **kwargs):
        pass

    def __nonzero__(self):
        return 0


class Null(object):
    """
    Gotten from: http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/68205

    This is a very nasty class, it causes an infinite recursion!
    """

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return None

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self

    def __getattr__(self, mname):
        return self

    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
        return self

    def __delattr__(self, name):
        return self

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<Null>"

    def __str__(self):
        return "Null"

    def __len__(self):
        return 0

    def __getitem__(self):
        return self

    def __setitem__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        pass

    def write(self, *args, **kwargs):
        pass

    def __nonzero__(self):
        return 0

    def __reduce__(self):
        return (self.__class__, ([self],))


class PicklingTest(TestCase):
    """
    Test pickling
    """
    def run(self, result=None):
        self.dis = getattr(result, "showAll", False)
        self.dis = False
        return TestCase.run(self, result)

    def setUp(self):
        self.pickler = _sPickle.SPickleTools(serializeableModules=[wf_module.__name__])
        try:
            delattr(wf_module, _sPickle.MODULE_TO_BE_PICKLED_FLAG_NAME)
        except Exception:
            pass
        self.sys_modules = dict(sys.modules)
        from . import __dict__ as package_dict
        self.package_dict = dict(package_dict)

    def tearDown(self):
        sys.modules.clear()
        sys.modules.update(self.sys_modules)
        from . import __dict__ as package_dict
        package_dict.clear()
        package_dict.update(self.package_dict)

    # imported due to a lazy import mechanism in module "email"
    IMPORTS_TO_IGNORE = ('email.', 'uu', 'quopri', 'imghdr', 'sndhdr',
                         'encodings', 'urllib', 'calendar', 'datetime',
                         'nturl2path', 'ssl', 'base64', 'textwrap',
                         'urlparse', 'locale', '_locale')

    def dumpWithPreobjects(self, preObjects, *obj, **kw):
        """Dump one or more objects.

        Returns the dump of the 2-tuple (preObjects, obj[0] if len(obj) == 1 else obj )
        Writes the opcodes to sys.stdout, if kw['dis'] evaluates to True.
        Writes the opcodes to sys.stderr, if an error occurs.
        """

        dis = kw.get("dis")
        try:
            toBeDumped = (preObjects, obj[0] if len(obj) == 1 else obj)

            # ensure that the pickler does not touch sys.modules more than required
            with PEP302ImportDetector(raiseOn=kw.get("raiseOn")) as detector:
                sys_modules = dict(sys.modules)
                p = self.pickler.dumps(toBeDumped,
                                       mangleModuleName=kw.get("mangleModuleName"),
                                       object_dispatch=kw.get("object_dispatch"))
                sys_modules2 = dict(sys.modules)
            imports = set()
            for n in detector.imports:
                sys_modules2.pop(n, None)
                for i in self.IMPORTS_TO_IGNORE:
                    if n.startswith(i):
                        break
                else:
                    imports.add(n)
            self.assertEqual(sys_modules, sys_modules2)
            self.assertEqual(imports, set())

            self.pickler.dis(p, out=StringIO())
        except:
            exinfo = sys.exc_info()
            l = []
            try:
                _sPickle.Pickler(l, 2, object_dispatch=kw.get("object_dispatch")).dump(toBeDumped)
            except Exception:
                try:
                    l.append(pickle.STOP)
                    pickletools.dis(b"".join(l), out=sys.stderr)
                except:
                    traceback.print_exc(limit=1, file=sys.stderr)
            raise exinfo[0], exinfo[1], exinfo[2]

        if dis is None:
            dis = self.dis
        if dis:
            self.pickler.dis(p)
            print("len(pickle): ", len(p))
        return p

    # Test the object graph isomorphism for objects and their
    # __dict__ attributes. (These tests fail with pickle.Pickler).

    # using objects of a plain normal class
    def testObjDictConsistency(self):
        self.objDictConsistency(PlainClass, False, False)

    def testObjDictConsistencyHard(self):
        self.objDictConsistency(PlainClass, True)

    # using objects of a classic class
    def testObjDictConsistencyClassic(self):
        self.objDictConsistency(PlainClassicClass, False, False)

    def testObjDictConsistencyClassicHard(self):
        self.objDictConsistency(PlainClassicClass, True)

    # using objects of a class, that uses a
    # reducer, that uses a precreated __dict__ object
    def testObjDictConsistencyDCR(self):
        self.objDictConsistency(ClassWithDictCreatingReduce, False, False)

    def testObjDictConsistencyDCRHard(self):
        self.objDictConsistency(ClassWithDictCreatingReduce, True, False)

    def objDictConsistency(self, cls, hard, dis=False):
        """Is the relation between an object and its dictionary preserved"""
        orig = cls("OK")
        # the hard way
        if hard:
            p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig.__dict__, orig, dis=dis)
            d, obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        else:
            p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, orig.__dict__, dis=dis)
            obj, d = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertTrue(type(obj)is type(orig))
        self.assertTrue(type(obj.__dict__) is type(orig.__dict__))  # @IgnorePep8
        self.assertEquals(set(obj.__dict__.keys()), set(orig.__dict__.keys()))
        self.assertTrue(obj.__dict__ is d)
        self.assertTrue(obj.isOk() is True)

    # Tests for modules
    #
    # - Contains the pickle the module content or just an import instruction?
    # - How is sys.modules changed on unpickling?
    # - Is the content of the modules equal?

#    # the function used to import a module
#    def testImport(self):
#        orig = _sPickle.import_module
#        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
#        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
#        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
#        self.assertDictEqual(orig.func_globals, obj.func_globals)
#
    def testModule(self):
        orig = tabnanny
        self.assertTrue(orig.__name__ in sys.modules)
        obj, tif = self.moduleTest(orig)
        self.assertTrue(obj is tif.post_modules[orig.__name__])

    def testModuleU(self):
        orig = tabnanny
        self.assertTrue(orig.__name__ in sys.modules)
        obj, tif = self.moduleTest(orig, unimport=True, dis=False)
        self.assertTrue(obj is tif.post_modules[orig.__name__])
        self.assertTrue(orig.__name__ in tif.names, "name %r not in %r" % (orig.__name__, tif.names))

    def testWfModule(self):
        orig = wf_module
        self.assertTrue(orig.__name__ in sys.modules)
        obj, tif = self.wfModuleTest(orig)
        self.assertFalse(obj is tif.post_modules[orig.__name__])

    def testWfModuleU(self):
        orig = wf_module
        self.assertTrue(orig.__name__ in sys.modules)
        obj, tif = self.wfModuleTest(orig, unimport=True)
        self.assertEqual(obj, tif.post_modules.get(orig.__name__))
        self.assertTrue(obj is tif.post_modules[orig.__name__])

    def testStrangeWfModuleTest(self):
        orig = strangeModule
        self.assertTrue(orig.__name__ in sys.modules)
        obj, tif = self.wfModuleTest(orig)
        self.assertFalse(obj is tif.post_modules[orig.__name__])

    def testStrangeWfModuleTestU(self):
        orig = strangeModule
        self.assertTrue(orig.__name__ in sys.modules)
        obj, tif = self.wfModuleTest(orig, unimport=True)
        self.assertEqual(obj, tif.post_modules.get(orig.__name__))
        self.assertTrue(obj is tif.post_modules[orig.__name__])

    def testAnonymousModule(self):
        self.assertFalse(anonymousModule.__name__ in sys.modules)
        obj, tif = self.moduleTest(anonymousModule)
        self.assertFalse(obj.__name__ in tif.post_modules)

    def testAnonymousModule2(self):
        self.assertFalse(anonymousModule.__name__ in sys.modules)
        obj, tif = self.moduleTest(anonymousModule, anonymousModule.__dict__)
        self.assertFalse(obj.__name__ in tif.post_modules)

    def testAnonymousWfModule(self):
        self.assertFalse(anonymousWfModule.__name__ in sys.modules)
        obj, tif = self.wfModuleTest(anonymousWfModule)
        self.assertFalse(obj.__name__ in tif.post_modules)

    def testAnonymousWfModule2(self):
        self.assertFalse(anonymousWfModule.__name__ in sys.modules)
        obj, tif = self.wfModuleTest(anonymousWfModule, anonymousWfModule.__dict__)
        self.assertFalse(obj.__name__ in tif.post_modules)

    def testModuleWithWrongName(self):
        from . import mod_with_wrong_name
        orig = mod_with_wrong_name
        self.assertNotIn(orig.__name__, sys.modules)
        self.assertIn(orig.NAME, sys.modules)
        obj, tif = self.moduleTest(orig)
        self.assertNotIn(orig.__name__, tif.post_modules)
        self.assertIs(obj, tif.post_modules[orig.NAME])

    def testModuleWithWrongNameU(self):
        from . import mod_with_wrong_name
        orig = mod_with_wrong_name
        self.assertNotIn(orig.__name__, sys.modules)
        self.assertIn(orig.NAME, sys.modules)
        obj, tif = self.moduleTest(orig, unimport=True)
        self.assertNotIn(orig.__name__, tif.post_modules)
        self.assertIs(obj, tif.post_modules[orig.NAME])

    class MangleModuleName(object):
        """Add a prefix to certain module names"""
        def __init__(self, start, prefix, package=None, returnStr=False):
            """
            Create a MangleModuleName

            :param start: mangle modules starting with *start*
            :param prefix: add *prefix* the name of a mangled module
            """
            self.start = start
            self.prefix = prefix
            self.package = package
            self.returnStr = returnStr

        def __call__(self, pickler, name, module):
            """
            A sPickle.Pickler mangleModuleName functor
            """
            if module is os.path:
                if self.returnStr:
                    return "os.path"
                return _sPickle.SPickleTools.reducer(str, ("os.path",))
            if isinstance(name, str) and (name.startswith(self.start) or name == self.package):
                prefix = self.prefix
                if self.returnStr:
                    return prefix + name
                return _sPickle.SPickleTools.reducer(operator.add, (prefix, name))
            return name

        def getMangledName(self, name, module=None):
            """Unit test helper function"""
            if module is os.path:
                return "os.path"
            if isinstance(name, str) and (name.startswith(self.start) or name == self.package):
                return self.prefix + name
            return name

    def testModule_MangleModuleName(self):
        orig = tabnanny
        self.assertTrue(orig.__name__ in sys.modules)
        mmn = self.MangleModuleName(orig.__name__, "renamed_", package=orig.__name__)
        mangledName = mmn.getMangledName(orig.__name__)

        replacedObj = types.ModuleType(mangledName)
        replacedObj.__dict__.update(orig.__dict__)
        replacedObj.__dict__['__name__'] = mangledName
        sys.modules[mangledName] = replacedObj
        try:
            obj, tif = self._moduleTestCommon(orig, mangleModuleName=mmn)
        finally:
            del sys.modules[mangledName]

        self.assertTrue(obj is tif.post_modules[mangledName])

    def testWfModule_MangleModuleName(self):
        orig = wf_module
        self.assertTrue(orig.__name__ in sys.modules)
        self.assertIsInstance(orig.__package__, str)
        package = orig.__name__.rpartition('.')[0]
        mmn = self.MangleModuleName(package + ".wf_mod", "renamed_", package=package)
        self.assertFalse(mmn.getMangledName(orig.__name__) in sys.modules)

        obj, tif = self.wfModuleTest(orig, mangleModuleName=mmn, dis=False)

        self.assertTrue(obj is tif.post_modules[mmn.getMangledName(orig.__name__)])
        self.assertIsInstance(obj.__package__, str)
        self.assertEqual(obj.__package__, mmn.getMangledName(orig.__package__))

    def testWfModuleU_MangleModuleName(self):
        orig = wf_module
        self.assertTrue(orig.__name__ in sys.modules)
        mmn = self.MangleModuleName(orig.__name__, "renamed_")
        self.assertFalse(mmn.getMangledName(orig.__name__) in sys.modules)
        obj, tif = self.wfModuleTest(orig, mangleModuleName=mmn, unimport=True)
        self.assertEqual(obj, tif.post_modules.get(mmn.getMangledName(orig.__name__)))
        self.assertTrue(obj is tif.post_modules[mmn.getMangledName(orig.__name__)])

    def testAnonymousWfModule_MangleModuleName(self):
        self.assertFalse(anonymousWfModule.__name__ in sys.modules)
        mmn = self.MangleModuleName(anonymousWfModule.__name__, "renamed_", returnStr=True)
        obj, tif = self.wfModuleTest(anonymousWfModule, mangleModuleName=mmn, preObjects=anonymousWfModule.__name__, dis=False)
        self.assertFalse(obj.__name__ in tif.post_modules)

    def testAnonymousWfModule2_MangleModuleName(self):
        self.assertFalse(anonymousWfModule.__name__ in sys.modules)
        mmn = self.MangleModuleName(anonymousWfModule.__name__, "renamed_", returnStr=True)
        obj, tif = self.wfModuleTest(anonymousWfModule, mangleModuleName=mmn, preObjects=anonymousWfModule.__dict__, dis=False)
        self.assertFalse(obj.__name__ in tif.post_modules)

    def testAnonymousModule_MangleModuleName(self):
        self.assertFalse(anonymousModule.__name__ in sys.modules)
        mmn = self.MangleModuleName(anonymousModule.__name__, "renamed_", returnStr=True)

        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(anonymousModule.__name__, anonymousModule, dis=False,
                                    mangleModuleName=mmn
                                    )

        # because the user wants to rename or replace the module, the pickler must not
        # use a reference to the module found elsewhere. Instead it must import
        # the module.
        il = self.pickler.getImportList(p)
        modules = set([i.partition(" ")[0] for i in il])
        self.assertNotIn(anonymousModule.__name__, modules)
        self.assertIn(mmn.getMangledName(anonymousModule.__name__), modules)
        # Of course the import will fail, because there is no such module in the file system
        self.assertRaises(ImportError, self.pickler.loads, p)

    def testAnonymousModule2_MangleModuleName(self):
        self.assertFalse(anonymousModule.__name__ in sys.modules)
        mmn = self.MangleModuleName(anonymousModule.__name__, "renamed_", returnStr=True)

        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(anonymousModule.__dict__, anonymousModule, dis=False,
                                    mangleModuleName=mmn
                                    )

        # because the user wants to rename or replace the module, the pickler must not
        # use a reference to the module found elsewhere. Instead it must import
        # the module.
        il = self.pickler.getImportList(p)
        modules = set([i.partition(" ")[0] for i in il])
        self.assertNotIn(anonymousModule.__name__, modules)
        self.assertIn(mmn.getMangledName(anonymousModule.__name__), modules)
        # Of course the import will fail, because there is no such module in the file system
        self.assertRaises(ImportError, self.pickler.loads, p)

    def testOsPath_MangleModuleName(self):
        orig = os.path
        self.assertNotEqual(orig.__name__, "os.path")
        mmn = self.MangleModuleName("DOES NOT APPLY", "", package=orig.__name__, returnStr=True)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False,
                                    mangleModuleName=mmn
                                    )

        il = self.pickler.getImportList(p)
        modules = set([i.partition(" ")[0] for i in il])
        self.assertNotIn(orig.__name__, modules)
        self.assertIn("os.path", modules)

        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testOsPath_MangleModuleName2(self):
        orig = os.path
        self.assertNotEqual(orig.__name__, "os.path")
        mmn = self.MangleModuleName("DOES NOT APPLY", "", package=orig.__name__)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False,
                                    mangleModuleName=mmn
                                    )

        il = self.pickler.getImportList(p)
        modules = set([i.partition(" ")[0] for i in il])
        self.assertNotIn(orig.__name__, modules)
        self.assertNotIn("os.path", modules)

        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testOsPathJoin_MangleModuleName(self):
        orig = os.path
        self.assertNotEqual(orig.__name__, "os.path")
        mmn = self.MangleModuleName("DOES NOT APPLY", "", package=orig.__name__, returnStr=True)
        orig_join = orig.join
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig_join, dis=False,
                                    mangleModuleName=mmn,
                                    object_dispatch=_sPickle.ObjectDispatchBuilder()
                                    )

        il = self.pickler.getImportList(p)
        modules = set([i.partition(" ")[0] for i in il])
        self.assertNotIn(orig.__name__, modules)
        self.assertIn("os.path", modules)

        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig_join)

    def testOsPathJoin_MangleModuleName2(self):
        orig = os.path
        self.assertNotEqual(orig.__name__, "os.path")
        orig_join = orig.join
        mmn = self.MangleModuleName("DOES NOT APPLY", "", package=orig.__name__)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig_join, dis=False,
                                    mangleModuleName=mmn,
                                    object_dispatch=_sPickle.ObjectDispatchBuilder()
                                    )

        il = self.pickler.getImportList(p)
        modules = set([i.partition(" ")[0] for i in il])
        self.assertNotIn(orig.__name__, modules)
        self.assertNotIn("os.path", modules)

        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig_join)

    @skipIf(gtk is None, "gtk not available")
    def testGtk(self):
        # the pure stackless pickler fails to import gtk
        self.moduleTest(gtk, dis=False)

    def moduleTest(self, module, preObjects=None, **kw):
        orig = module
        obj, tif = self._moduleTestCommon(orig, preObjects, **kw)
        if orig.__name__ in tif.pre_modules:
            self.assertEquals(obj, orig)
            self.assertTrue(obj is orig)
            self.assertTrue(orig.__name__ in tif.names, "name %r not in %r" % (orig.__name__, tif.names))
        return (obj, tif)

    def wfModuleTest(self, wf_module_, preObjects=None, **kw):
        orig = wf_module_
        with PEP302ImportDetector(raiseOn=[wf_module.__name__, wf_module.wf_modul2.__name__]):
            obj, tif = self._moduleTestCommon(orig, preObjects, **kw)
        # the module must be flagged as a wf-module
        self.assertTrue(getattr(obj, _sPickle.MODULE_TO_BE_PICKLED_FLAG_NAME))
        # the object must be a real clone and must not be imported
        self.assertFalse(obj is orig)
        self.assertFalse(orig.__name__ in tif.names, "Import of forbidden module %r" % (orig.__name__,))
        return (obj, tif)

    def _moduleTestCommon(self, module, preObjects=None, unimport=(), dis=False, mangleModuleName=None, raiseOn=None):
        orig = module
        orig_dict = dict(orig.__dict__)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(preObjects, orig, dis=dis, mangleModuleName=mangleModuleName, raiseOn=raiseOn)
        self.assertEqual(orig.__dict__, orig_dict)

        if unimport:
            if unimport is True:
                unimport = (orig,)

        with TestImportFunctor(*unimport) as tif:
            # cPickle does not use our modified __import__ function for the GLOBAL op code
            obj = self.pickler.loads(p, useCPickle=False)[-1]

        # test obj
        self.assertEquals(type(obj), type(orig))
        self.assertTrue(type(obj) is type(orig))
        oname = orig.__name__
        if mangleModuleName:
            oname = mangleModuleName.getMangledName(oname)
        self.assertEquals(obj.__name__, oname)
        obj_dict_keys = set(obj.__dict__.iterkeys())
        obj_dict_keys.discard(_sPickle.MODULE_TO_BE_PICKLED_FLAG_NAME)
        orig_dict_keys = set(orig.__dict__.iterkeys())
        orig_dict_keys.discard(_sPickle.MODULE_TO_BE_PICKLED_FLAG_NAME)
        self.assertEqual(obj_dict_keys, orig_dict_keys)
        if callable(getattr(orig, "isOk", None)):
            self.assertTrue(obj.isOk() is True)

        if orig.__name__ in tif.pre_modules:
            # the import of the module must not change anything
            if mangleModuleName is None:
                self.assertEqual(tif.pre_modules, tif.post_modules)
            else:
                post = dict(tif.post_modules)
                for k in tif.pre_modules.keys():
                    mangled = mangleModuleName.getMangledName(k)
                    if mangled != k and k != mangleModuleName.package:
                        del post[mangled]
                self.assertEqual(tif.pre_modules, post)

        return (obj, tif)

    #
    # Tests for module dictionaries
    #
    def testModuleDict(self):
        orig = tabnanny
        self.moduleDictTest(orig)

    def testWfModuleDict(self):
        self.wfModuleDictTest(wf_module)

    def testAnonymousModuleDict(self):
        self.assertFalse(anonymousModule.__name__ in sys.modules)
        self.moduleDictTest(anonymousModule)

    def testAnonymousModuleDict2(self):
        self.assertFalse(anonymousModule.__name__ in sys.modules)
        self.moduleDictTest(anonymousModule, anonymousModule)

    def testAnonymousWfModuleDict(self):
        self.assertFalse(anonymousWfModule.__name__ in sys.modules)
        self.wfModuleDictTest(anonymousWfModule)

    def testAnonymousWfModuleDict2(self):
        self.assertFalse(anonymousWfModule.__name__ in sys.modules)
        self.wfModuleDictTest(anonymousWfModule, anonymousWfModule)

    def moduleDictTest(self, module, preObjects=None, dis=False):
        g = module.__dict__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(preObjects, g, module)
        obj, mod = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]  # @UnusedVariable
        self.assertTrue(obj is g)

    def wfModuleDictTest(self, wf_module_, preObjects=None, dis=False):
        orig = getattr(wf_module_, "__dict__")
        saved_orig = dict(orig)
        with PEP302ImportDetector(raiseOn=[wf_module.__name__, wf_module.wf_modul2.__name__]):
            p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(preObjects, orig, wf_module_, dis=dis)
        self.assertEqual(orig, saved_orig)
        obj, mod = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertTrue(type(obj) is type(orig))
        self.assertFalse(obj is orig)
        obj_dict_keys = set(obj)
        obj_dict_keys.discard(_sPickle.MODULE_TO_BE_PICKLED_FLAG_NAME)
        orig_dict_keys = set(orig)
        orig_dict_keys.discard(_sPickle.MODULE_TO_BE_PICKLED_FLAG_NAME)
        self.assertEqual(obj_dict_keys, orig_dict_keys)
        self.assertTrue(type(wf_module_) is type(mod))
        self.assertIs(mod.__dict__, obj)

    #
    # Tests for function and code objects
    #
    def testWfFunction(self):
        self.wfFunctionTest(wf_module.isOk)
        self.assertTrue(wf_module is sys.modules[wf_module.__name__])

    def testStrangeWfModuleFunctionTest(self):
        f = strangeModule.isOk
        self.assertTrue(f())
        self.wfFunctionTest(f, strangeModule, dis=False)
        self.wfFunctionTest(f, dis=False)

    @skipIf(sys.hexversion < 0x02070000, "requires python 2.7")
    def testDecoratedFunctionTest(self):
        f = decoratedFunction
        self.assertTrue(f())
        obj = self.wfFunctionTest(f, dis=False)
        self.assertTrue(obj())

    def testPartiallyUnpickleable(self):
        f = partiallyUnpickleableFunction
        self.assertTrue(f())
        self.assertRaises(IntentionallyUnpicleableError, self.pickler.dumps, f)

    def wfFunctionTest(self, function, preObjects=None, dis=False):
        orig = function
        with PEP302ImportDetector(raiseOn=[wf_module.__name__, wf_module.wf_modul2.__name__]):
            p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(preObjects, orig, dis=dis)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertTrue(type(obj) is type(orig))
        self.assertFalse(obj is orig)
        self.assertEqual(obj.__name__, orig.__name__)
        self.assertEqual(obj.__doc__, orig.__doc__)
        if hasattr(orig, "func_globals"):
            self.assertTrue(type(obj.func_globals) is type(orig.func_globals))  # @IgnorePep8
        if hasattr(orig, "func_code"):
            self.assertFalse(obj.func_code is orig.func_code)
            self.assertEquals(obj.func_code, orig.func_code)
        # Todo: compare the other attributes of a function
        return obj

    def testTypeInstancemethod(self):
        p = self.pickler.dumps(types.MethodType)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertTrue(obj is types.MethodType)  # @IgnorePep8

    def unboundInstancemethodTest(self, cls):
        orig = cls.isOk
        self.assertIsInstance(orig, types.MethodType)
        self.assertIsNone(orig.im_self)

        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)

        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(orig))
        self.assertIs(obj.im_func, orig.im_func)
        self.assertIs(obj.im_class, orig.im_class)
        self.assertIsNone(obj.im_self)

    def boundInstancemethodTest(self, cls, function_by_value=False, method_name='isOk', orig=None):
        if orig is None:
            orig = getattr(cls('OK'), method_name)
        self.assertIsInstance(orig, types.MethodType)
        self.assertIsNotNone(orig.im_self)

        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)

        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(orig))
        if function_by_value:
            self.assertIsNot(obj.im_func, orig.im_func)
            self.assertIs(type(obj.im_func), type(orig.im_func))
            self.assertIsNot(obj.im_class, orig.im_class)
            self.assertIs(type(obj.im_class), type(orig.im_class))
        else:
            self.assertIs(obj.im_func, orig.im_func)
            self.assertIs(obj.im_class, orig.im_class)
            self.assertIs(type(obj.im_self), type(orig.im_self))
        self.assertIsNot(obj.im_self, orig.im_self)
        self.assertIs(obj(), True)

    def testUnboundInstancemethod1(self):
        self.unboundInstancemethodTest(PlainClass)

    def testBoundInstancemethod1(self):
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainClass)
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainClass, method_name="_PlainClass__private")
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainClass, method_name="__private")
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainClass, method_name="__special__")

    def testUnboundInstancemethod2(self):
        self.unboundInstancemethodTest(PlainSubClass)

    def testBoundInstancemethod2(self):
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainSubClass)
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainSubClass, method_name="_PlainClass__private")
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainSubClass, method_name="_PlainSubClass__private")
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainSubClass, method_name="__private")
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainSubClass, method_name="__special__")

    def testUnboundInstancemethod3(self):
        self.unboundInstancemethodTest(PlainClassicClass)

    def testBoundInstancemethod3(self):
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainClassicClass)
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainClassicClass, method_name="_PlainClassicClass__private")

    def testUnboundInstancemethod4(self):
        self.unboundInstancemethodTest(PlainClassicSubClass)

    def testBoundInstancemethod4(self):
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainClassicSubClass)
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainClassicSubClass, method_name="_PlainClassicClass__private")
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainClassicSubClass, method_name="_PlainClassicSubClass__private")

    def testBoundInstancemethod5(self):
        class C(object):
            def __init__(self, arg):
                pass

            def isOk(self):
                return True
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(C, function_by_value=True)

    def testBoundInstancemethod6(self):
        class C(object):
            def __init__(self, arg):
                pass
            isOk = PlainClass('OK').isOk
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(C)

    def testBoundInstancemethod7(self):
        # test pickling of a super method
        o = PlainSubClass('OK')
        m = super(PlainSubClass, o).isOk2
        self.assertIs(m.im_func, PlainClass.isOk2.im_func)
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainSubClass, method_name="isOk2", orig=m)

    #
    # Tests for function creation
    #
    def testTypeCode(self):
        p = self.pickler.dumps(types.CodeType)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertTrue(obj is types.CodeType)  # @IgnorePep8

    def testTypeCell(self):
        cellType = type((lambda: self).func_closure[0])
        p = self.pickler.dumps(cellType)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertTrue(obj is cellType)

    def testCodeObject(self):
        # a function code object
        orig = self.testCodeObject.im_func.func_code
        self.codeObjectTest(orig, dis=False)

    def codeObjectTest(self, orig, dis=False):
        # a function code object
        self.assertIsInstance(orig, types.CodeType)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=dis)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, types.CodeType)
        self.assertEqual(obj.co_name, orig.co_name)
        self.assertEqual(obj.co_argcount, orig.co_argcount)
        self.assertEqual(obj.co_nlocals, orig.co_nlocals)
        self.assertEqual(obj.co_varnames, orig.co_varnames)
        self.assertEqual(obj.co_cellvars, orig.co_cellvars)
        self.assertEqual(obj.co_freevars, orig.co_freevars)
        self.assertEqual(obj.co_code, orig.co_code)
        self.assertEqual(obj.co_consts, orig.co_consts)
        self.assertEqual(obj.co_names, orig.co_names)
        self.assertEqual(obj.co_filename, orig.co_filename)
        self.assertEqual(obj.co_firstlineno, orig.co_firstlineno)
        self.assertEqual(obj.co_lnotab, orig.co_lnotab)
        self.assertEqual(obj.co_stacksize, orig.co_stacksize)
        self.assertEqual(obj.co_flags, orig.co_flags)

    #
    # tests for cell objects
    #
    def testCell_regular(self):
        local_var = [4711, 9876]
        orig = (lambda: local_var).__closure__[0]
        self.assertIs(orig.cell_contents, local_var)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(orig))
        self.assertIsNot(obj.cell_contents, local_var)
        self.assertListEqual(obj.cell_contents, local_var)

    def testCell_empty(self):
        def create_empty_cell():
            return (lambda: local_var).__closure__[0]
            local_var = None
        orig = create_empty_cell()
        self.assertRaisesRegexp(ValueError, r"Cell is empty", getattr, orig, "cell_contents")
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(orig))
        self.assertRaisesRegexp(ValueError, r"Cell is empty", getattr, obj, "cell_contents")

    #
    # Tests for pickling trace back and frame objects
    #
    def testTypeFrame(self):
        orig = type(sys._getframe())
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testTypeTraceback(self):
        try:
            1 // 0
        except Exception:
            orig = type(sys.exc_info()[2])
            sys.exc_clear()
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    @skipIf(isStackless, "stackless can pickle frames")
    def testFrame_NoStackless(self):
        f = sys._getframe()
        orig = f
        self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError, self.pickler.dumps, orig)

    @skipIf(isStackless, "stackless can pickle frames")
    def testTraceback_NoStackless(self):
        try:
            1 // 0
        except Exception:
            orig = sys.exc_info()[2]
            sys.exc_clear()
        self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError, self.pickler.dumps, orig)

    @skipUnless(isStackless, "stackless only")
    def testFrame_Stackless(self):
        f = sys._getframe()
        frames = []
        while f is not None:
            frames.append(f)
            f = f.f_back
        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(frames), 2)
        orig = frames[-2]
        # enforce ther population of f_locals
        orig_f_locals_keys = frozenset(orig.f_locals.keys())
        self.assertTrue(orig_f_locals_keys)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(orig))
        self.assertIs(obj.f_builtins, orig.f_builtins)
        self.assertIs(type(obj.f_code), type(orig.f_code))
        self.assertIsNot(obj.f_code, orig.f_code)
        self.assertEquals(obj.f_code.co_code, orig.f_code.co_code)
        self.assertIs(obj.f_globals, orig.f_globals)
        self.assertEquals(obj.f_lasti, orig.f_lasti)
        self.assertEquals(obj.f_lineno, orig.f_lineno)
        self.assertSetEqual(orig_f_locals_keys, frozenset(orig.f_locals.keys()))
        obj_f_locals_keys = frozenset(obj.f_locals.keys())
        if obj_f_locals_keys:
            # sometimes obj.f_locals is empty. It is caused by Stackless issue #61.
            self.assertSetEqual(obj_f_locals_keys, orig_f_locals_keys)
        self.assertEqual(obj.f_restricted, orig.f_restricted)

    @skipUnless(isStackless, "stackless only")
    def testTraceback_Stackless(self):
        # we need an traceback without any unpickleable
        # frames. We use a thread
        import threading
        tb_list = []

        def create_tb():
            try:
                1 // 0
            except Exception:
                tb_list.append(sys.exc_info()[2])
                sys.exc_clear()
        t = threading.Thread(target=create_tb, name=self.id())
        t.start()
        t.join()
        orig = tb_list[0]
        self.assertIsNone(orig.tb_next)

        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]

        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(orig))
        self.assertIs(type(obj.tb_frame), type(orig.tb_frame))
        self.assertEqual(obj.tb_lasti, orig.tb_lasti)
        self.assertEqual(obj.tb_lineno, orig.tb_lineno)
        self.assertIsNone(obj.tb_next)

    #
    # Tests for special objects and types
    #
    def testTypeWrapperDescriptor(self):
        p = self.pickler.dumps(_sPickle.WRAPPER_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertIs(obj, _sPickle.WRAPPER_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE)

    def testTypeMethodDescriptor(self):
        p = self.pickler.dumps(_sPickle.METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertIs(obj, _sPickle.METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE)

    def testTypeMethodWrapper(self):
        p = self.pickler.dumps(_sPickle.METHOD_WRAPPER_TYPE)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertIs(obj, _sPickle.METHOD_WRAPPER_TYPE)

    def testDictSysModules(self):
        p = self.pickler.dumps(sys.modules)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertTrue(obj is sys.modules)

    def testDict__builtins__(self):
        from __builtin__ import __dict__ as bid
        self.assertIs(bid, __builtins__)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, __builtins__, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[1]
        self.assertIs(obj, __builtins__)

    def testTypeType(self):
        p = self.pickler.dumps(type)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertTrue(obj is type)

    def testTypeClass(self):
        p = self.pickler.dumps(types.ClassType)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertTrue(obj is types.ClassType)  # @IgnorePep8

    def testThreadLock(self):
        lock = thread.allocate_lock()
        self.assertIsInstance(lock, thread.LockType)
        p = self.pickler.dumps(lock)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, thread.LockType)
        self.assertIsNot(obj, lock)
        self.assertFalse(obj.locked())

        self.assertTrue(lock.acquire(0))
        p = self.pickler.dumps(lock)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, thread.LockType)
        self.assertTrue(obj.locked())

    def testThreadLockAcquire(self):
        self.builtinMethodTest(thread.allocate_lock(), "acquire")

    def testThreadLockRelease(self):
        self.builtinMethodTest(thread.allocate_lock(), "release")

    def testThreadLockLocked(self):
        self.builtinMethodTest(thread.allocate_lock(), "locked")

    def builtinMethodTest(self, obj, methodName):
        method = getattr(obj, methodName)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(method, obj, dis=False)
        restoredMethod, restoredObj = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertIsInstance(restoredObj, thread.LockType)
        self.assertIsNot(restoredObj, obj)
        self.assertIs(restoredMethod.__self__, restoredObj)
        self.assertEqual(restoredMethod, getattr(restoredObj, methodName))

    #
    # test pickling methods of object
    #
    def testObject__delattr__(self):
        orig = object.__delattr__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testObject__format__(self):
        orig = object.__format__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testObject__getattribute__(self):
        orig = object.__getattribute__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testObject__hash__(self):
        orig = object.__hash__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testObject__init__(self):
        orig = object.__init__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testObject__new__(self):
        orig = object.__new__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testObject__reduce__(self):
        orig = object.__reduce__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testObject__reduce_ex__(self):
        orig = object.__reduce_ex__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testObject__repr__(self):
        orig = object.__repr__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testObject__setattr__(self):
        orig = object.__setattr__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testObject__sizeof__(self):
        orig = object.__sizeof__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testObject__str__(self):
        orig = object.__str__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testObject__subclasshook__(self):
        orig = object.__subclasshook__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertEqual(repr(obj), repr(orig))
        # There seems to be a python bug:
        # [kruis@aragvi ~]$ python2.7 -c "print object.__subclasshook__ is object.__subclasshook__"
        # False
        #
        # self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    #
    # Other special types
    #
    def testModuleNew(self):
        orig = types.ModuleType.__new__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    @skipUnless(RPYC_AVAILABLE, "test requires package RPyC")
    def testRpycBuiltinTypes(self):
        from rpyc.core.netref import _builtin_types  # @UnresolvedImport
        errors = []
        for t in _builtin_types:
            try:
                p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, t, dis=False)
                obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
            except Exception:
                errors.append("Exception while pickling type %r: %s" % (t, traceback.format_exc()))
            else:
                if t is not obj:
                    errors.append("Expected type %r, got type %r" % (t, obj))
        self.assertFalse(errors, os.linesep.join(errors))

    def testTypeStaticmethod(self):
        orig = staticmethod
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testStaticmethod(self):
        orig = staticmethod(aFunction)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(orig))
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIs(obj.__func__, orig.__func__)

    def testTypeClassmethod(self):
        orig = classmethod
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testClassmethod(self):
        orig = classmethod(aFunction)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(orig))
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIs(obj.__func__, orig.__func__)

    def testTypeProperty(self):
        orig = property
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testProperty(self):
        doc = "docstring"
        orig = property(aFunction, aFunction2, aFunction3, doc)
        self.assertIs(orig.fget, aFunction)
        self.assertIs(orig.fset, aFunction2)
        self.assertIs(orig.fdel, aFunction3)
        self.assertEqual(orig.__doc__, doc)

        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(orig))
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIs(obj.fget, aFunction)
        self.assertIs(obj.fset, aFunction2)
        self.assertIs(obj.fdel, aFunction3)
        self.assertEqual(obj.__doc__, doc)

    def testTypeOperatorItemgetter(self):
        orig = operator.itemgetter
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testOperatorItemgetter(self):
        orig = operator.itemgetter(1, 3, 5)
        self.assertTupleEqual(('B', 'D', 'F'), orig("ABCDEFG"))
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(orig))
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertTupleEqual(('B', 'D', 'F'), obj("ABCDEFG"))

    def testTypeOperatorAttrgetter(self):
        orig = operator.attrgetter
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testOperatorAttrgetter(self):
        def target():
            return None
        target.a = 1
        target.b = lambda: None
        target.b.c = 2
        target.d = lambda: None
        target.d.e = lambda: None
        target.d.e.f = 3
        target.x = 99
        target.y = 98
        target.b.x = 97

        orig = operator.attrgetter("a", "b.c", "d.e.f")

        self.assertTupleEqual((1, 2, 3), orig(target))
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(orig))
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertTupleEqual((1, 2, 3), obj(target))

    def testXrange(self):
        orig = xrange(4, 10, 2)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, xrange)
        self.assertListEqual(list(obj), list(orig))

    @skipUnless(isStackless, "stackless only")
    def testRangeIterator(self):
        x = xrange(2, 10, 2)
        orig = iter(x)
        lorig = []
        lorig.append(orig.next())
        lorig.append(orig.next())
        lobj = lorig[:]
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        lorig.extend(orig)
        self.assertListEqual(lorig, list(x))
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, type(orig))
        lobj.extend(obj)
        self.assertListEqual(lobj, lorig)

    def testDictProxy(self):
        dp = PlainClass.__dict__
        self.assertIsInstance(dp, types.DictProxyType)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, dp)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, types.DictProxyType)
        self.assertEqual(dp, obj)

    def testDictProxyNotClassDict(self):
        class C(object):
            __slots__ = ()
        dp = C.__dict__
        self.assertIsInstance(dp, types.DictProxyType)
        self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError, self.pickler.dumps, dp)

    def testMemberDescriptor(self):
        class C(object):
            __slots__ = ('a')
        orig = C.__dict__['a']
        self.assertIsInstance(orig, types.MemberDescriptorType)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, types.MemberDescriptorType)
        self.assertEqual(orig.__name__, obj.__name__)
        self.assertClassEquals(orig.__objclass__, obj.__objclass__)

    def testGetSetDescriptor(self):
        orig = PlainClass.__weakref__
        self.assertIsInstance(orig, types.GetSetDescriptorType)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, types.GetSetDescriptorType)
        self.assertEqual(orig.__name__, obj.__name__)
        self.assertClassEquals(orig.__objclass__, obj.__objclass__)

    def testCStringIoInputType(self):
        orig = cStringIO.InputType
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testCStringIoOutputType(self):
        orig = cStringIO.OutputType
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testCStringIoOutput(self):
        orig = cStringIO.StringIO()

        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, type(orig))
        self.assertEqual(obj.getvalue(), orig.getvalue())
        self.assertEqual(obj.tell(), orig.tell())

        orig.write(b"0123456789")

        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, type(orig))
        self.assertEqual(obj.getvalue(), orig.getvalue())
        self.assertEqual(obj.tell(), orig.tell())

        orig.seek(5, 0)

        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, type(orig))
        self.assertEqual(obj.getvalue(), orig.getvalue())
        self.assertEqual(obj.tell(), orig.tell())

        orig.close()
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, orig.getvalue)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, type(orig))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, obj.getvalue)

    def testCStringIoInput(self):
        orig = cStringIO.StringIO(b"")

        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, type(orig))
        self.assertEqual(obj.getvalue(), orig.getvalue())
        self.assertEqual(obj.tell(), orig.tell())

        orig = cStringIO.StringIO(b"0123456789")

        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, type(orig))
        self.assertEqual(obj.getvalue(), orig.getvalue())
        self.assertEqual(obj.tell(), orig.tell())

        orig.seek(5, 0)

        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, type(orig))
        self.assertEqual(obj.getvalue(), orig.getvalue())
        self.assertEqual(obj.tell(), orig.tell())

        orig.close()
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, orig.getvalue)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, type(orig))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, obj.getvalue)

    def testOrderedDict(self):
        # the method __reduce__ of collections.OrderedDict fails for recursive
        # dictionaries. Test our fix
        orig = collections.OrderedDict([['key1', 'value1'], ['key2', 'value2']])
        orig['self'] = orig  # a recursive dict.
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, collections.OrderedDict)
        self.assertIs(obj, obj['self'])
        # assertEqual fails to handle a recursive object
        del obj['self']
        del orig['self']
        self.assertEqual(obj, orig)

    def testTypeWeakrefReferenceType(self):
        orig = weakref.ReferenceType
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testTypeWeakrefProxyType(self):
        orig = weakref.ProxyType
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testTypeWeakrefCallableProxyType(self):
        orig = weakref.CallableProxyType
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testWeakrefRef1(self):
        something = PlainClass(123)
        orig = weakref.ref(something)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(something, orig, dis=False)
        obj, obj2 = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertIsNot(obj, something)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, type(something))
        self.assertIsNot(obj2, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj2, type(orig))
        self.assertIs(obj2(), obj)

    def testWeakrefRef2(self):
        # dead ref case
        orig = weakref.ref(PlainClass(123))
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, type(orig))
        self.assertIsNone(obj())

    def testTypeSuper(self):
        orig = super
        self.assertIs(orig, type(super(PlainClass)))
        self.assertIs(orig, type(super(PlainClass, PlainClass())))
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testSuperUnbound(self):
        orig = super(PlainClass)
        self.assertIsNone(orig.__self__)
        self.assertIsNone(orig.__self_class__)
        self.assertIs(orig.__thisclass__, PlainClass)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, type(orig))
        self.assertIs(obj.__thisclass__, orig.__thisclass__)
        self.assertIsNone(obj.__self__)
        self.assertIsNone(obj.__self_class__)

    def testSuperBoundObj(self):
        p = PlainSubClass()
        orig = super(PlainClass, p)
        self.assertIs(orig.__self__, p)
        self.assertIs(orig.__thisclass__, PlainClass)
        self.assertIs(orig.__self_class__, PlainSubClass)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, type(orig))
        self.assertIs(obj.__thisclass__, orig.__thisclass__)
        self.assertIsNot(obj.__self__, p)
        self.assertIs(type(obj.__self__), PlainSubClass)
        self.assertIs(obj.__self_class__, PlainSubClass)

    def testSuperBoundCls(self):
        orig = super(PlainClass, PlainSubClass)
        self.assertIs(orig.__self__, PlainSubClass)
        self.assertIs(orig.__thisclass__, PlainClass)
        self.assertIs(orig.__self_class__, PlainSubClass)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, type(orig))
        self.assertIs(obj.__thisclass__, orig.__thisclass__)
        self.assertIs(obj.__self__, PlainSubClass)
        self.assertIs(obj.__self_class__, PlainSubClass)

    #
    # Tests for pickling classes
    #
    def testClassicClass(self):
        class ClassicClass:
            anAttribute = None
        self.classCopyTest(ClassicClass)

    def testNewStyleClass(self):
        class NewStyleClass(object):
            anAttribute = None
        self.classCopyTest(NewStyleClass)

    def testNewStyleClassWithSlots(self):
        class NewStyleClassWithSlots(object):
            __slots__ = ("slot1", "slot2")
            anAttribute = None
        self.classCopyTest(NewStyleClassWithSlots)

    def testNewStyleClassWithSlotsAndDict(self):
        class NewStyleClassWithSlotsAndDict(object):
            __slots__ = ("slot1", "slot2", "__dict__")
            anAttribute = None
        self.classCopyTest(NewStyleClassWithSlotsAndDict)

    def testRecursiveClass(self):
        cls = self.classCopyTest(P.RecursiveClass)
        cls().run(self)

    def testIndirectRecursiveClass(self):
        cls = self.classCopyTest(Q.IndirectRecursiveClass)
        cls().run(self)

    def testIndirectRecursiveClass2(self):
        cls = self.classCopyTest(R.IndirectRecursiveClass)
        cls().run(self)

    def testNormalClass(self):
        cls = self.classCopyTest(pickle.Pickler)
        self.assertTrue(cls is pickle.Pickler)

    def testNamedTuple(self):
        cls = self.classCopyTest(collections.namedtuple("namedTupleName", "a b"), dis=False)
        nt = cls(1, 2)
        self.assertTupleEqual(nt, (1, 2))
        self.assertEqual(nt.a, 1)
        self.assertEqual(nt.b, 2)

    def testClassWithCustomDict(self):
        class C(object):
            __dict__ = 4711
        cls = self.classCopyTest(C, dis=False)
        self.assertEquals(cls().__dict__, 4711)

    def testExceptionClass(self):
        class TestException(BaseException):
            attribute = "attribute value"
        self.classCopyTest(TestException, dis=False)

    def testClassWithForainMemberDescriptor(self):
        class C(object):
            __slots__ = ('md')
        md = C.__dict__['md']
        self.assertIsInstance(md, types.MemberDescriptorType)

        class orig:
            pass
        orig.md = md

        cls = self.classCopyTest(orig, dis=False)
        self.assertIsInstance(cls.md, types.MemberDescriptorType)

    def testClassWithMetaClass(self):
        class C(object):
            class __metaclass__(type):
                # the absolute minimal implementation
                pass
        orig = C
        cls = self.classCopyTest(orig, dis=False)
        self.assertClassEquals(orig.__metaclass__, cls.__metaclass__)

    def testClassWithMetaClass2(self):
        class C(object):
            class __metaclass__(type):
                # the absolute minimal implementation
                pass

        class orig(C):
            pass
        cls = self.classCopyTest(orig, dis=False)
        self.assertClassEquals(orig.__metaclass__, cls.__metaclass__)

    def testABCMeta(self):
        class C(object):
            __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta
        C.register(PlainClass)

        self.assertIsInstance(C._abc_cache, weakref.WeakSet)
        self.assertIsInstance(C._abc_negative_cache, weakref.WeakSet)
        # fill the negative and positive subclass caches.
        # These caches are the real challenge when pickling a
        # class with meta-class ABCMeta.
        self.assertTrue(issubclass(PlainSubClass, C))
        self.assertIn(PlainSubClass, C._abc_cache)
        self.assertFalse(issubclass(UnpickleableClass, C))
        self.assertIn(UnpickleableClass, C._abc_negative_cache)
        self.assertGreater(C._abc_negative_cache_version, 0)

        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, C, dis=False)
        cls = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertClassEquals(C.__metaclass__, cls.__metaclass__)

        # Now make sure, the caches of the clone are empty. This
        # is necessary to avoid attempts to pickle potentially
        # unpickleable classes
        self.assertEqual(cls._abc_negative_cache_version, 0)
        self.assertIsInstance(cls._abc_negative_cache, weakref.WeakSet)
        self.assertIsInstance(cls._abc_cache, weakref.WeakSet)
        self.assertListEqual(list(cls._abc_negative_cache), [])
        self.assertListEqual(list(cls._abc_cache), [])

        self.assertTrue(issubclass(PlainSubClass, cls))
        self.assertFalse(issubclass(UnpickleableClass, cls))

    def assertClassEquals(self, origCls, cls, level=0):
        if origCls is cls:
            return
        self.assertLess(level, 10, "Possible recursion detected")
        if type(origCls) in (type, types.ClassType):
            # skip this assert for metaclasses
            self.assertIs(type(cls), type(origCls))
        else:
            # metaclass
            self.assertClassEquals(type(cls), type(origCls))
        self.assertEqual(cls.__name__, origCls.__name__)
        self.assertEqual(cls.__module__, origCls.__module__)
        self.assertEqual(len(cls.__bases__), len(origCls.__bases__))
        for b1, b2 in zip(cls.__bases__, origCls.__bases__):
            self.assertClassEquals(b1, b2, level + 1)
        self.assertEqual(set(dir(cls)), set(dir(origCls)))
        for k in dir(cls):
            if k in ('__dict__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', '__abstractmethods__'):
                # See http://bugs.python.org/issue10006 about __abstractmethods__
                continue
            v1 = getattr(cls, k)
            v2 = getattr(origCls, k)
            self.assertEqual(type(v1), type(v2), "key: %r type: %r != %r" % (k, v1, v2))
            if " at 0x" not in repr(v2):
                self.assertEqual(repr(v1), repr(v2), "key: %r repr: %r != %r" % (k, v1, v2))
            self.assertEqual(getattr(v1, "__name__", "Object has no Name"),
                             getattr(v2, "__name__", "Object has no Name"))

    def classCopyTest(self, origCls, dis=False):
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, origCls, dis=dis)
        cls = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertClassEquals(origCls, cls)
        return cls

    #
    # Import tests
    #
    def testWfImports(self):
        orig = wf_module
        p = self.pickler.dumps(orig)
        importList = self.pickler.getImportList(p)
        self.assertIsInstance(importList, list)
        for module in importList:
            self.assertIsInstance(module, str)
            self.assertEqual(len(module.split(" ")), 2)

    def testObjectDispatch_object_dispatch(self):
        object_dispatch = _sPickle.Pickler([]).object_dispatch
        object_dispatch2 = _sPickle.Pickler([]).object_dispatch
        self.assertIsNot(object_dispatch, object_dispatch2)
        self.assertDictEqual(object_dispatch, object_dispatch2)

    def testObjectDispatch_entries_types(self):
        # test the object_dispatch table contains all class entries from the
        # module "types". This test is required to ensure compatibility
        # with previous versions of sPickle
        object_dispatch = _sPickle.Pickler([]).object_dispatch
        ftor = _sPickle.ObjectDispatchBuilder._ImportValue
        for k in dir(types):
            obj = getattr(types, k)
            if not inspect.isclass(obj):
                continue
            obj_id = id(obj)
            self.assertIn(obj_id, object_dispatch)
            od = object_dispatch[obj_id]
            self.assertIsInstance(od, ftor)
            self.assertEqual(od.module_name, "types")
            # there are many alias names in types
            self.assertIs(obj, getattr(types, od.item_name))

    def testObjectDispatch_entries_os_getcwd(self):
        # test the object_dispatch function of the pickler
        # For instance the function os.getcwd should be in the table,
        # because the implementation differs between operating systems
        object_dispatch = _sPickle.Pickler([]).object_dispatch
        obj = os.getcwd
        self.assertNotEqual(obj.__module__, 'os')

        obj_id = id(obj)
        od = object_dispatch[obj_id]
        self.assertEqual(od.module_name, 'os')
        self.assertEqual(od.item_name, 'getcwd')

    def testObjectDispatch_entries_os_path(self):
        # test the object_dispatch function of the pickler
        l = []
        pickler = _sPickle.Pickler(l, object_dispatch=_sPickle.ObjectDispatchBuilder())
        object_dispatch = pickler.object_dispatch
        obj = os.path.isdir
        self.assertNotEqual(obj.__module__, 'os.path')

        obj_id = id(obj)
        # by default members of os.path are not in the object_dispatch table
        self.assertNotIn(obj_id, object_dispatch)

        api_analyser = pickler.object_dispatch_builder
        api_analyser.append_pending_analysis_queue('os.path')
        api_analyser.build()

        od = object_dispatch[obj_id]
        self.assertEqual(od.module_name, 'os.path')
        self.assertEqual(od.item_name, 'isdir')

        pickler.dump(obj)
        p = b"".join(l)
        importList = self.pickler.getImportList(p)
        self.assertListEqual(importList, ['os.path isdir'])

    #
    # Handling of resource objects (files, socket, socketpair)
    #
    def testResources(self):
        openFile = open(os.devnull)
        closedFile = open(os.devnull, "wb")
        closedFile.close()
        socket_ = socket.socket()
        if hasattr(socket, "socketpair"):
            sp = socket.socketpair()
            sp[1].close()
        else:
            sp = [socket.socket()]
            sp.append(sp[0]._sock)

        try:
            orig = (openFile, closedFile, sys.__stdout__, socket_, sp)
            logging.disable(logging.WARNING)
            try:
                p = self.pickler.dumps(orig)
            finally:
                logging.disable(0)
            restored = self.pickler.loads(p)

            self.assertIsInstance(restored, tuple)
            self.assertEqual(len(orig), len(restored))
            for i in range(len(orig) - 1):
                self.assertIs(type(orig[i]), type(restored[i]))
            self.assertIsInstance(restored[-1][1], _sPickle.SOCKET_PAIR_TYPE)
            self.assertIs(orig[2], restored[2])

            self.assertEqual(orig[0].mode, restored[0].mode)
            self.assertFalse(restored[0].closed)
            restored[0].close()
            self.assertEqual(orig[1].mode, restored[1].mode)
            self.assertTrue(restored[1].closed)
        finally:
            openFile.close()
            socket_.close()
            sp[0].close()

    def _inMemoryIoTest(self, orig, dis):
        orig.seek(3)
        orig.another_attribute = 4711
        orig_state = orig.__getstate__()
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=dis)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(orig))
        self.assertEqual(obj.__getstate__(), orig_state)

    def testIoBytesIo(self):
        orig = io.BytesIO(b"foo_bar")
        self._inMemoryIoTest(orig, dis=False)

    def testIoStringIo(self):
        orig = io.StringIO(u"foo_bar")
        self._inMemoryIoTest(orig, dis=False)

    def testRawIoFileType(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "rb", buffering=0) as f:
            orig = type(f)
        self.assertIs(orig, io.FileIO)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testBinaryReadIoFileType(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "rb") as f:
            orig = type(f)
        self.assertIs(orig, io.BufferedReader)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testBinaryWriteIoFileType(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "wb") as f:
            orig = type(f)
        self.assertIs(orig, io.BufferedWriter)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testBinaryRandomIoFileType(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "rb+") as f:
            orig = type(f)
        self.assertIs(orig, io.BufferedRandom)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testTextIoType(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "rt") as f:
            orig = type(f)
        self.assertIs(orig, io.TextIOWrapper)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def _ioFileTest(self, orig):
        try:
            raw = orig.raw
            hasRaw = True
        except AttributeError:
            raw = orig
            hasRaw = False
        raw.name = 'foo_bar_blub'
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(raw, orig, dis=False)
        robj, obj = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertIsNot(robj, raw)
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(orig))
        self.assertEqual(bool(obj.closed), bool(orig.closed))
        self.assertEqual(obj.name, orig.name)
        self.assertEqual(obj.mode, orig.mode)
        if hasRaw and not obj.closed:
            # we can't preserve the object graph, if the raw
            # object is closed.
            self.assertIs(obj.raw, robj)

    def testClosedRawIoFile(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "rb", buffering=0) as orig:
            pass
        self.assertIsInstance(orig, io.FileIO)
        self.assertTrue(orig.closed)
        self._ioFileTest(orig)

    def testRawIoFile(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "wb", buffering=0) as orig:
            self.assertIsInstance(orig, io.FileIO)
            self.assertFalse(orig.closed)
            self._ioFileTest(orig)

    def testClosedBinaryReadIoFile(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "rb") as orig:
            pass
        self.assertIsInstance(orig, io.BufferedReader)
        self.assertTrue(orig.closed)
        self._ioFileTest(orig)

    def testBinaryReadIoFile(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "rb") as orig:
            self.assertIsInstance(orig, io.BufferedReader)
            self.assertFalse(orig.closed)
            self._ioFileTest(orig)

    def testClosedBinaryWriteIoFile(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "wb") as orig:
            pass
        self.assertIsInstance(orig, io.BufferedWriter)
        self.assertTrue(orig.closed)
        self._ioFileTest(orig)

    def testBinaryWriteIoFile(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "wb") as orig:
            self.assertIsInstance(orig, io.BufferedWriter)
            self.assertFalse(orig.closed)
            self._ioFileTest(orig)

    def testClosedBinaryRandomIoFile(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "rb+") as orig:
            pass
        self.assertIsInstance(orig, io.BufferedRandom)
        self.assertTrue(orig.closed)
        self._ioFileTest(orig)

    def testBinaryRandomIoFile(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "rb+") as orig:
            self.assertIsInstance(orig, io.BufferedRandom)
            self.assertFalse(orig.closed)
            self._ioFileTest(orig)

    def _ioTextIOWrapperTest(self, orig, dis):
        self.assertIsInstance(orig, io.TextIOWrapper)
        raw = orig.buffer.raw
        raw.name = 'foo_bar_blub'
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(raw, orig, dis=dis)
        robj, obj = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertIsNot(robj, raw)
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(orig))
        self.assertEqual(bool(obj.closed), bool(orig.closed))
        self.assertEqual(obj.name, orig.name)
        self.assertEqual(obj.mode, orig.mode)
        self.assertEqual(obj.encoding, orig.encoding)
        self.assertEqual(obj.errors, orig.errors)
        self.assertEqual(bool(obj.line_buffering), bool(orig.line_buffering))
        # no way to introspect orig.newline and orig.write_through
        if not obj.closed:
            # we can't preserve the object graph, if the raw
            # object is closed.
            self.assertIs(obj.buffer.raw, robj)

    def testClosedTextIoFile(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "r+", buffering=1, encoding='iso-8859-1', errors='xmlcharrefreplace', newline='\r\n') as orig:
            pass
        self.assertTrue(orig.closed)
        self._ioTextIOWrapperTest(orig, dis=False)

    def testTextIoFile(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "r+", buffering=1, encoding='iso-8859-1', errors='xmlcharrefreplace', newline='\r\n') as orig:
            self.assertFalse(orig.closed)
            self._ioTextIOWrapperTest(orig, dis=False)

    #
    # Test hostile objects
    #
    def testClassWithHostile__getattr__(self):
        self.classCopyTest(ClassWithHostile__getattr__, False)

    def testObjectWithHostile__getattr__1(self):
        orig = ClassWithHostile__getattr__(False)
        self.assertRaises(_sPickle.UnpicklingWillFailError, self.pickler.dumps, orig)

    def testObjectWithHostile__getattr__2(self):
        orig = ClassWithHostile__getattr__(True)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        # import pickle as pickle_ ; pickler.cPickle =  pickle_
        restored = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(restored, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(restored, orig.__class__)

    def testClassWithHostile__getattribute__(self):
        self.classCopyTest(ClassWithHostile__getattribute__, False)

    def testObjectWithHostile__getattribute__1(self):
        orig = ClassWithHostile__getattribute__(False)
        self.assertRaises(_sPickle.UnpicklingWillFailError, self.pickler.dumps, orig)

    def testObjectWithHostile__getattribute__2(self):
        orig = ClassWithHostile__getattribute__(True)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        # import pickle as pickle_ ; pickler.cPickle =  pickle_
        restored = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(restored, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(restored, orig.__class__)

    def testNull(self):
        orig = Null()
        self.assertRaisesRegexp(RuntimeError, 'maximum recursion depth exceeded', self.pickler.dumps, orig)

    def testClassicNull(self):
        orig = ClassicNull()
        self.assertRaisesRegexp(RuntimeError, 'maximum recursion depth exceeded', self.pickler.dumps, orig)


class FailSaveTest(TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        super(FailSaveTest, self).setUp()
        self.file = StringIO()
        self.pickler = _sPickle.FailSavePickler(self.file, -1)
        self.pickler.get_replacement = self.get_replacement
        self.unpickleable = UnpickleableClass()
        self.get_replacement_called = 0
        self.surrogateFactory = list
        self.expected_surrogate_test = None
        self.expectedException = pickle.PicklingError

    def tearDown(self):
        super(FailSaveTest, self).tearDown()
        self.file = self.pickler = self.unpickleable = None
        self.expected_surrogate_test = self.expectedException = None

    def get_replacement(self, pickler, obj, exception):
        self.get_replacement_called += 1
        self.assertIs(pickler, self.pickler)
        self.assertIsInstance(exception, self.expectedException)
        if obj is self.unpickleable:
            return self.surrogateFactory(self.get_replacement_called, obj)
        self.assertGreater(self.get_replacement_called, 1)
        return exception

    def pickleandunpickle(self, obj, dis=False):
        self.pickler.dump(obj)
        p = self.file.getvalue()
        p = pickletools.optimize(p)
        if dis:
            _sPickle.SPickleTools.dis(p)
            print("len(pickle): ", len(p))
        return pickle.loads(p)

    def testPickleable(self):
        orig = PlainClass('OK')
        obj = self.pickleandunpickle(orig)
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, PlainClass)
        self.assertTrue(obj.isOk())

    def unpickleable_test(self, dis=False):
        orig = (self.unpickleable, {'unpickleable': self.unpickleable})
        orig[1]['orig'] = orig

        obj = self.pickleandunpickle(orig, dis=dis)

        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, tuple)
        self.assertEqual(len(obj), 2)
        if self.expected_surrogate_test is None:
            expected_surrogate = self.surrogateFactory(1, orig[0])
            self.assertEqual(obj[0], expected_surrogate)
        else:
            self.expected_surrogate_test(obj[0])
        self.assertIsInstance(obj[1], dict)
        self.assertIs(obj[0], obj[1]['unpickleable'])
        self.assertIs(obj, obj[1]['orig'])

    def testUnplickleableNormalSurrogate(self):
        self.surrogateFactory = lambda x, obj: [x]
        self.unpickleable_test()

    def testUnplickleableNone(self):
        self.surrogateFactory = lambda x, obj: None
        self.unpickleable_test()

    def testUnplickleableRecursive1(self):
        self.surrogateFactory = lambda x, obj: [x, obj]

        def expected_surrogate_test(obj):
            self.assertIsInstance(obj, list)
            self.assertEquals(len(obj), 2)
            self.assertEquals(obj[0], 1)
            self.assertIs(obj[1], obj)
        self.expected_surrogate_test = expected_surrogate_test
        self.unpickleable_test()

    def testUnplickleableRecursive2(self):
        self.surrogateFactory = lambda x, obj: (x, obj)
        # a  tuple can't contain itself -> recursion
        self.assertRaises(_sPickle.RecursionDetectedError, self.unpickleable_test)

    def testUnplickleableObj(self):
        self.surrogateFactory = lambda x, obj: obj
        self.assertRaises(IntentionallyUnpicleableError, self.unpickleable_test)
        self.assertEqual(self.get_replacement_called, 2)

    def testNull(self):
        self.unpickleable = Null()
        self.surrogateFactory = lambda x, obj: [x]
        self.unpickleable_test()

    def testClassicNull(self):
        self.unpickleable = ClassicNull()
        self.surrogateFactory = lambda x, obj: [x]
        self.unpickleable_test()


class SPickleToolsTest(TestCase):
    def testModule_for_globals(self):
        pt = _sPickle.SPickleTools()
        self.assertIs(pt.module_for_globals({}), None)
        self.assertIs(pt.module_for_globals(_sPickle.__dict__), _sPickle)
        self.assertIs(pt.module_for_globals(pt.module_for_globals), _sPickle)
        self.assertIs(pt.module_for_globals(pt.module_for_globals, withDefiningModules=True), _sPickle)

    def testReducer(self):
        rvOrig = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
        reducer = _sPickle.SPickleTools.reducer(*rvOrig)
        self.assertIsInstance(reducer, object)
        rv = reducer.__reduce__()
        self.assertTupleEqual(rv, rvOrig)

        pickler = _sPickle.SPickleTools()
        p = pickler.dumps(_sPickle.SPickleTools.reducer(operator.add, (1, 2)))
        obj = pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, int)
        self.assertEqual(obj, 3)


class ObjectDispatchBuilderTest(TestCase):
    def testBuild(self):
        builder = _sPickle.ObjectDispatchBuilder()

        self.assertDictEqual(builder.object_dispatch, {})
        builder.build()
        self.assertGreater(len(builder.object_dispatch), 220)

    def testCopy(self):
        builder = _sPickle.ObjectDispatchBuilder.get_default_instance()
        builder2 = copy.copy(builder)
        self.assertIs(type(builder), type(builder2))
        self.assertIsNot(builder, builder2)

        self.assertIsNot(builder.object_dispatch, builder2.object_dispatch)
        self.assertIsNot(builder._pending_analysis_queue, builder2._pending_analysis_queue)
        self.assertIsNot(builder.acceptable_module_names, builder2.acceptable_module_names)
        self.assertIsNot(builder._analysed_modules, builder2._analysed_modules)

        self.assertDictEqual(builder.object_dispatch, builder2.object_dispatch)
        self.assertListEqual(builder._pending_analysis_queue, builder2._pending_analysis_queue)
        self.assertSetEqual(builder.acceptable_module_names, builder2.acceptable_module_names)
        self.assertDictEqual(builder._analysed_modules, builder2._analysed_modules)

NT = collections.namedtuple("NT", "a")


class PythonBugsTest(TestCase):
    def testNamedTupleIssue18015(self):
        # test Python 2.7.5 bug http://bugs.python.org/issue18015
        pickle273 = b'\x80\x02c%s\nNT\nK\x01\x85\x81ccollections\nOrderedDict\n]](U\x01aK\x01ea\x85Rb.' % (__name__,)
        try:
            nt = pickle.loads(pickle273)
        except AttributeError:
            self.fail("Python bug http://bugs.python.org/issue18015 detected. See README.txt for a work around.")
        self.assertIsInstance(nt, NT)
        self.assertTupleEqual(nt, (1,))

6fb52b1fe4d76cb5be54247ee6f5a7de3b59c592
#
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# Copyright (c) 2016 by science+computing ag
#
#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
#  limitations under the License.
#

from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function

from unittest import TestCase, skipIf, skipUnless

import pickletools
import io
from StringIO import StringIO
import cStringIO
import pickle
import types
import sys
import imp
import traceback
import thread
import functools
# a pure python module used for testing
import tabnanny
import os.path
import socket
import collections
import logging
import operator
import weakref
import abc
import inspect

from .. import _sPickle
from . import wf_module
import copy

try:
    from stackless import _wrap
    del _wrap
except ImportError:
    isStackless = False
else:
    isStackless = True

try:
    import gtk
except (ImportError, Warning):
    # import gtk raises gtk.GtkWarning on Linux/UNIX, if it fails to open the DISPLAY
    gtk = None

try:
    import rpyc
    del rpyc
    RPYC_AVAILABLE = True
except ImportError:
    RPYC_AVAILABLE = False

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
# disable info messages for the ODB
_sPickle.LOGGER().getChild(_sPickle.ObjectDispatchBuilder.__name__).setLevel(logging.WARN)  # @UndefinedVariable


class PEP302ImportDetector(object):
    def __init__(self, raiseOn=None):
        self.imports = set()
        self.raiseOn = raiseOn if raiseOn else ()

    def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
        self.imports.add(fullname)
        if fullname in self.raiseOn:
            raise AssertionError("Module must not be imported: '%s'" % (fullname,))
        return None

    def __enter__(self):
        sys.meta_path.insert(0, self)
        return self

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        sys.meta_path.remove(self)
        return False


# Various test objects
def aFunction():
    """A plain global function """
    return True


def aFunction2():
    """A plain global function 2"""
    return True


def aFunction3():
    """A plain global function 3"""
    return True


def functionWithArg(arg):
    """A function that takes an argument"""
    return bool(arg)

decoratedFunction = functools.partial(functionWithArg, 4711)
functools.update_wrapper(decoratedFunction, functionWithArg)
del functionWithArg


class ModuleWithOrderedDict(types.ModuleType):
    __slots__ = ("__od__",)

    def __new__(cls, name, *doc):
        m = super(ModuleWithOrderedDict, cls).__new__(cls, name, *doc)
        od = collections.OrderedDict()
        od["__name__"] = name
        od["__doc__"] = doc[0] if len(doc) > 0 else None
        object.__setattr__(m, "__od__", od)
        return m

    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
        object.__getattribute__(self, "__od__")[name] = value
        super(ModuleWithOrderedDict, self).__setattr__(name, value)

    def __getattribute__(self, name):
        if name in ("__slots__", "__od__"):
            raise AttributeError("%r object has no attribute %r" % (type(self).__name__, name))
        if name == "__dict__":
            return object.__getattribute__(self, "__od__")
        return object.__getattribute__(self, name)

modForPartiallyUnpickleable = ModuleWithOrderedDict("modForPartiallyUnpickleable")
sys.modules["modForPartiallyUnpickleable"] = modForPartiallyUnpickleable
setattr(modForPartiallyUnpickleable, _sPickle.MODULE_TO_BE_PICKLED_FLAG_NAME, True)
modForPartiallyUnpickleable.True = True

# A function, within modForPartiallyUnpickleable
# This triggers a problem in pickle.Pickler.save_function
partiallyUnpickleableFunction = types.FunctionType(aFunction.func_code,
                                                   modForPartiallyUnpickleable.__dict__)
modForPartiallyUnpickleable.aFunction = partiallyUnpickleableFunction


class IntentionallyUnpicleableError(pickle.PicklingError):
    pass


class UnpickleableClass(object):
    def __reduce_ex__(self, proto):
        raise IntentionallyUnpicleableError("Intentionally unpickleable")
modForPartiallyUnpickleable.unpickleable = UnpickleableClass()
del modForPartiallyUnpickleable


class PlainClass(object):
    def __init__(self, state=None):
        self.state = state

    def isOk(self):
        return self.state == "OK"

    def isOk2(self):
        return self.state == "OK"

    def __private(self):
        return self.state == "OK"

    def __special__(self):
        return self.state == "OK"


# Add a method named PlainClass.__private. This is different from PlainClass._PlainClass__private
def __private(self):
    return self.state == "OK"
setattr(PlainClass, "__private", __private)
del __private


class PlainSubClass(PlainClass):
    def __private(self):
        return self.state == "OK"

    def isOk2(self):
        return self.state == "OK"


class PlainClassicClass:
    def __init__(self, state=None):
        self.state = state

    def isOk(self):
        return self.state == "OK"

    def __private(self):
        return self.state == "OK"


class PlainClassicSubClass(PlainClassicClass):
    def __private(self):
        return self.state == "OK"


def ClassWithDictCreatingReduce_reducer(cls, dict_):
    obj = cls()
    obj.__dict__ = dict_
    return obj


class ClassWithDictCreatingReduce(object):
    def __reduce_ex__(self, proto):
        return (ClassWithDictCreatingReduce_reducer, (self.__class__, self.__dict__))

    def __init__(self, state=None):
        self.state = state

    def isOk(self):
        return self.state == "OK"


class P:
    # this class is not in the module namespace and
    # therefore the pickler has to serialize the class
    class RecursiveClass(object):
        selfCls = None
        count = 0

        def __init__(self):
            self.count = self.count + 1

        def run(self, test):
            test.assertTrue(self.selfCls is self.__class__)
            test.assertEqual(self.count, 1)
            return True
    RecursiveClass.selfCls = RecursiveClass


class Q(object):
    # this class is not in the module namespace and
    # therefore the pickler has to serialize the class
    class IndirectRecursiveBaseClass(object):
        pass

    class IndirectRecursiveClass(IndirectRecursiveBaseClass):
        count = 0

        def __init__(self):
            self.count = self.count + 1

        def run(self, test):
            test.assertIsInstance(self.refToGlobals, types.DictProxyType)
            test.assertEqual(self.refToGlobals, Q.__dict__)
            test.assertEqual(self.count, 1)
            return True
Q.IndirectRecursiveBaseClass.refToGlobals = Q.__dict__


class R:
    # this class is not in the module namespace and
    # therefore the pickler has to serialize the class
    class IndirectRecursiveBaseClass(object):
        pass

    class IndirectRecursiveClass(IndirectRecursiveBaseClass):
        count = 0

        def __init__(self):
            self.count = self.count + 1

        def run(self, test):
            test.assertTrue(self.refToDict['ref2IndirectRecursiveClass'] is self.__class__)
            test.assertEqual(self.count, 1)
            return True
R.IndirectRecursiveBaseClass.refToDict = {'ref2IndirectRecursiveClass': R.IndirectRecursiveClass}


def buildModule(name):
    """Builder for anonymous modules"""
    m = imp.new_module(name)
    # function from another module
    m.foreignFunction = aFunction
    # function of the anonymous module
    exec """
def isOk():
    return foreignFunction()
""" in m.__dict__
    return m

anonymousModule = buildModule("anonymousModule")
anonymousWfModule = buildModule("anonymousWfModule")
setattr(anonymousWfModule, _sPickle.MODULE_TO_BE_PICKLED_FLAG_NAME, True)


class StrangeModuleType(types.ModuleType):
    """Modules of this type have an 'isOk()' function, that is
    not referenced in the dictionary of the module. Therefore this function does not
    get pickled together with its module."""

    syntheticFunctions = {}

    """A special module type"""
    def __getattr__(self, name):
        if name == "isOk":
            f = self.syntheticFunctions.get(id(self))
            if f is None:
                # create the function, but avoid a reference to the
                # modules namespace. Just copy the __module__ attribute,
                # to make the synthetic function part of self
                f = eval("lambda : True", {'__name__': self.__module__})
                f.func_name = name
                self.syntheticFunctions[id(self)] = f
            return f
        raise AttributeError(name)
setattr(StrangeModuleType, _sPickle.MODULE_TO_BE_PICKLED_FLAG_NAME, True)

strangeModule = StrangeModuleType("strangeModule")
sys.modules[strangeModule.__name__] = strangeModule


class TestImportFunctor(object):
    def __init__(self, *modulesToUnimport):
        self.names = []
        self.modulesToUnimport = modulesToUnimport
        self.unimported = set()

    def __call__(self, name, *args, **kw):
        self.names.append(name)
        return self.saved_import(name, *args, **kw)

    def __enter__(self):
        import __builtin__
        self.saved_import = __builtin__.__import__
        __builtin__.__import__ = self
        self.saved_modules = sys.modules.copy()
        assert self.saved_modules == sys.modules

        for m in self.modulesToUnimport:
            if isinstance(m, types.ModuleType):
                name = m.__name__
                if m is not sys.modules.get(name):
                    for k, v in sys.modules.iteritems():
                        if v is m:
                            name = k
                m = name
            if m in sys.modules:
                self.unimported.add(sys.modules[m])
                del sys.modules[m]

        self.pre_modules = sys.modules.copy()
        assert self.pre_modules == sys.modules
        return self

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        import __builtin__
        __builtin__.__import__ = self.saved_import
        self.post_modules = sys.modules.copy()
        assert self.post_modules == sys.modules
        sys.modules.clear()
        sys.modules.update(self.saved_modules)

        return False


class ClassWithHostile__getattr__(object):
    def __init__(self, allow_setstate):
        self.allow_setstate = allow_setstate

    def __getattr__(self, name):
        if name == "__setstate__" and self.allow_setstate:
            raise AttributeError(name)
        raise Exception("This __getattr__ always raises an exception")


class ClassWithHostile__getattribute__(object):
    def __init__(self, allow_setstate):
        self.allow_setstate = allow_setstate

    def __getattribute__(self, name):
        if name == "__setstate__" and object.__getattribute__(self, "allow_setstate"):
            raise AttributeError(name)
        if name in ("__reduce_ex__", "__reduce__", "__class__"):
            return object.__getattribute__(self, name)

        raise Exception("This __getattribute__ always raises an exception: %r" % name)


class ClassicNull:
    """
    Gotten from: http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/68205

    This is a very nasty class, it causes an infinite recursion!
    """

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return None

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self

    def __getattr__(self, mname):
        return self

    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
        return self

    def __delattr__(self, name):
        return self

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<Null>"

    def __str__(self):
        return "Null"

    def __len__(self):
        return 0

    def __getitem__(self):
        return self

    def __setitem__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        pass

    def write(self, *args, **kwargs):
        pass

    def __nonzero__(self):
        return 0


class Null(object):
    """
    Gotten from: http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/68205

    This is a very nasty class, it causes an infinite recursion!
    """

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return None

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self

    def __getattr__(self, mname):
        return self

    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
        return self

    def __delattr__(self, name):
        return self

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<Null>"

    def __str__(self):
        return "Null"

    def __len__(self):
        return 0

    def __getitem__(self):
        return self

    def __setitem__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        pass

    def write(self, *args, **kwargs):
        pass

    def __nonzero__(self):
        return 0

    def __reduce__(self):
        return (self.__class__, ([self],))


class PicklingTest(TestCase):
    """
    Test pickling
    """
    def run(self, result=None):
        self.dis = getattr(result, "showAll", False)
        self.dis = False
        return TestCase.run(self, result)

    def setUp(self):
        self.pickler = _sPickle.SPickleTools(serializeableModules=[wf_module.__name__])
        try:
            delattr(wf_module, _sPickle.MODULE_TO_BE_PICKLED_FLAG_NAME)
        except Exception:
            pass
        self.sys_modules = dict(sys.modules)
        from . import __dict__ as package_dict
        self.package_dict = dict(package_dict)

    def tearDown(self):
        sys.modules.clear()
        sys.modules.update(self.sys_modules)
        from . import __dict__ as package_dict
        package_dict.clear()
        package_dict.update(self.package_dict)

    # imported due to a lazy import mechanism in module "email"
    IMPORTS_TO_IGNORE = ('email.', 'uu', 'quopri', 'imghdr', 'sndhdr',
                         'encodings', 'urllib', 'calendar', 'datetime',
                         'nturl2path', 'ssl', 'base64', 'textwrap',
                         'urlparse', 'locale', '_locale')

    def dumpWithPreobjects(self, preObjects, *obj, **kw):
        """Dump one or more objects.

        Returns the dump of the 2-tuple (preObjects, obj[0] if len(obj) == 1 else obj )
        Writes the opcodes to sys.stdout, if kw['dis'] evaluates to True.
        Writes the opcodes to sys.stderr, if an error occurs.
        """

        dis = kw.get("dis")
        try:
            toBeDumped = (preObjects, obj[0] if len(obj) == 1 else obj)

            # ensure that the pickler does not touch sys.modules more than required
            with PEP302ImportDetector(raiseOn=kw.get("raiseOn")) as detector:
                sys_modules = dict(sys.modules)
                p = self.pickler.dumps(toBeDumped,
                                       mangleModuleName=kw.get("mangleModuleName"),
                                       object_dispatch=kw.get("object_dispatch"))
                sys_modules2 = dict(sys.modules)
            imports = set()
            for n in detector.imports:
                sys_modules2.pop(n, None)
                for i in self.IMPORTS_TO_IGNORE:
                    if n.startswith(i):
                        break
                else:
                    imports.add(n)
            self.assertEqual(sys_modules, sys_modules2)
            self.assertEqual(imports, set())

            self.pickler.dis(p, out=StringIO())
        except:
            exinfo = sys.exc_info()
            l = []
            try:
                _sPickle.Pickler(l, 2, object_dispatch=kw.get("object_dispatch")).dump(toBeDumped)
            except Exception:
                try:
                    l.append(pickle.STOP)
                    pickletools.dis(b"".join(l), out=sys.stderr)
                except:
                    traceback.print_exc(limit=1, file=sys.stderr)
            raise exinfo[0], exinfo[1], exinfo[2]

        if dis is None:
            dis = self.dis
        if dis:
            self.pickler.dis(p)
            print("len(pickle): ", len(p))
        return p

    # Test the object graph isomorphism for objects and their
    # __dict__ attributes. (These tests fail with pickle.Pickler).

    # using objects of a plain normal class
    def testObjDictConsistency(self):
        self.objDictConsistency(PlainClass, False, False)

    def testObjDictConsistencyHard(self):
        self.objDictConsistency(PlainClass, True)

    # using objects of a classic class
    def testObjDictConsistencyClassic(self):
        self.objDictConsistency(PlainClassicClass, False, False)

    def testObjDictConsistencyClassicHard(self):
        self.objDictConsistency(PlainClassicClass, True)

    # using objects of a class, that uses a
    # reducer, that uses a precreated __dict__ object
    def testObjDictConsistencyDCR(self):
        self.objDictConsistency(ClassWithDictCreatingReduce, False, False)

    def testObjDictConsistencyDCRHard(self):
        self.objDictConsistency(ClassWithDictCreatingReduce, True, False)

    def objDictConsistency(self, cls, hard, dis=False):
        """Is the relation between an object and its dictionary preserved"""
        orig = cls("OK")
        # the hard way
        if hard:
            p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig.__dict__, orig, dis=dis)
            d, obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        else:
            p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, orig.__dict__, dis=dis)
            obj, d = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertTrue(type(obj)is type(orig))
        self.assertTrue(type(obj.__dict__) is type(orig.__dict__))  # @IgnorePep8
        self.assertEquals(set(obj.__dict__.keys()), set(orig.__dict__.keys()))
        self.assertTrue(obj.__dict__ is d)
        self.assertTrue(obj.isOk() is True)

    # Tests for modules
    #
    # - Contains the pickle the module content or just an import instruction?
    # - How is sys.modules changed on unpickling?
    # - Is the content of the modules equal?

#    # the function used to import a module
#    def testImport(self):
#        orig = _sPickle.import_module
#        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
#        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
#        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
#        self.assertDictEqual(orig.func_globals, obj.func_globals)
#
    def testModule(self):
        orig = tabnanny
        self.assertTrue(orig.__name__ in sys.modules)
        obj, tif = self.moduleTest(orig)
        self.assertTrue(obj is tif.post_modules[orig.__name__])

    def testModuleU(self):
        orig = tabnanny
        self.assertTrue(orig.__name__ in sys.modules)
        obj, tif = self.moduleTest(orig, unimport=True, dis=False)
        self.assertTrue(obj is tif.post_modules[orig.__name__])
        self.assertTrue(orig.__name__ in tif.names, "name %r not in %r" % (orig.__name__, tif.names))

    def testWfModule(self):
        orig = wf_module
        self.assertTrue(orig.__name__ in sys.modules)
        obj, tif = self.wfModuleTest(orig)
        self.assertFalse(obj is tif.post_modules[orig.__name__])

    def testWfModuleU(self):
        orig = wf_module
        self.assertTrue(orig.__name__ in sys.modules)
        obj, tif = self.wfModuleTest(orig, unimport=True)
        self.assertEqual(obj, tif.post_modules.get(orig.__name__))
        self.assertTrue(obj is tif.post_modules[orig.__name__])

    def testStrangeWfModuleTest(self):
        orig = strangeModule
        self.assertTrue(orig.__name__ in sys.modules)
        obj, tif = self.wfModuleTest(orig)
        self.assertFalse(obj is tif.post_modules[orig.__name__])

    def testStrangeWfModuleTestU(self):
        orig = strangeModule
        self.assertTrue(orig.__name__ in sys.modules)
        obj, tif = self.wfModuleTest(orig, unimport=True)
        self.assertEqual(obj, tif.post_modules.get(orig.__name__))
        self.assertTrue(obj is tif.post_modules[orig.__name__])

    def testAnonymousModule(self):
        self.assertFalse(anonymousModule.__name__ in sys.modules)
        obj, tif = self.moduleTest(anonymousModule)
        self.assertFalse(obj.__name__ in tif.post_modules)

    def testAnonymousModule2(self):
        self.assertFalse(anonymousModule.__name__ in sys.modules)
        obj, tif = self.moduleTest(anonymousModule, anonymousModule.__dict__)
        self.assertFalse(obj.__name__ in tif.post_modules)

    def testAnonymousWfModule(self):
        self.assertFalse(anonymousWfModule.__name__ in sys.modules)
        obj, tif = self.wfModuleTest(anonymousWfModule)
        self.assertFalse(obj.__name__ in tif.post_modules)

    def testAnonymousWfModule2(self):
        self.assertFalse(anonymousWfModule.__name__ in sys.modules)
        obj, tif = self.wfModuleTest(anonymousWfModule, anonymousWfModule.__dict__)
        self.assertFalse(obj.__name__ in tif.post_modules)

    def testModuleWithWrongName(self):
        from . import mod_with_wrong_name
        orig = mod_with_wrong_name
        self.assertNotIn(orig.__name__, sys.modules)
        self.assertIn(orig.NAME, sys.modules)
        obj, tif = self.moduleTest(orig)
        self.assertNotIn(orig.__name__, tif.post_modules)
        self.assertIs(obj, tif.post_modules[orig.NAME])

    def testModuleWithWrongNameU(self):
        from . import mod_with_wrong_name
        orig = mod_with_wrong_name
        self.assertNotIn(orig.__name__, sys.modules)
        self.assertIn(orig.NAME, sys.modules)
        obj, tif = self.moduleTest(orig, unimport=True)
        self.assertNotIn(orig.__name__, tif.post_modules)
        self.assertIs(obj, tif.post_modules[orig.NAME])

    class MangleModuleName(object):
        """Add a prefix to certain module names"""
        def __init__(self, start, prefix, package=None, returnStr=False):
            """
            Create a MangleModuleName

            :param start: mangle modules starting with *start*
            :param prefix: add *prefix* the name of a mangled module
            """
            self.start = start
            self.prefix = prefix
            self.package = package
            self.returnStr = returnStr

        def __call__(self, pickler, name, module):
            """
            A sPickle.Pickler mangleModuleName functor
            """
            if module is os.path:
                if self.returnStr:
                    return "os.path"
                return _sPickle.SPickleTools.reducer(str, ("os.path",))
            if isinstance(name, str) and (name.startswith(self.start) or name == self.package):
                prefix = self.prefix
                if self.returnStr:
                    return prefix + name
                return _sPickle.SPickleTools.reducer(operator.add, (prefix, name))
            return name

        def getMangledName(self, name, module=None):
            """Unit test helper function"""
            if module is os.path:
                return "os.path"
            if isinstance(name, str) and (name.startswith(self.start) or name == self.package):
                return self.prefix + name
            return name

    def testModule_MangleModuleName(self):
        orig = tabnanny
        self.assertTrue(orig.__name__ in sys.modules)
        mmn = self.MangleModuleName(orig.__name__, "renamed_", package=orig.__name__)
        mangledName = mmn.getMangledName(orig.__name__)

        replacedObj = types.ModuleType(mangledName)
        replacedObj.__dict__.update(orig.__dict__)
        replacedObj.__dict__['__name__'] = mangledName
        sys.modules[mangledName] = replacedObj
        try:
            obj, tif = self._moduleTestCommon(orig, mangleModuleName=mmn)
        finally:
            del sys.modules[mangledName]

        self.assertTrue(obj is tif.post_modules[mangledName])

    def testWfModule_MangleModuleName(self):
        orig = wf_module
        self.assertTrue(orig.__name__ in sys.modules)
        self.assertIsInstance(orig.__package__, str)
        package = orig.__name__.rpartition('.')[0]
        mmn = self.MangleModuleName(package + ".wf_mod", "renamed_", package=package)
        self.assertFalse(mmn.getMangledName(orig.__name__) in sys.modules)

        obj, tif = self.wfModuleTest(orig, mangleModuleName=mmn, dis=False)

        self.assertTrue(obj is tif.post_modules[mmn.getMangledName(orig.__name__)])
        self.assertIsInstance(obj.__package__, str)
        self.assertEqual(obj.__package__, mmn.getMangledName(orig.__package__))

    def testWfModuleU_MangleModuleName(self):
        orig = wf_module
        self.assertTrue(orig.__name__ in sys.modules)
        mmn = self.MangleModuleName(orig.__name__, "renamed_")
        self.assertFalse(mmn.getMangledName(orig.__name__) in sys.modules)
        obj, tif = self.wfModuleTest(orig, mangleModuleName=mmn, unimport=True)
        self.assertEqual(obj, tif.post_modules.get(mmn.getMangledName(orig.__name__)))
        self.assertTrue(obj is tif.post_modules[mmn.getMangledName(orig.__name__)])

    def testAnonymousWfModule_MangleModuleName(self):
        self.assertFalse(anonymousWfModule.__name__ in sys.modules)
        mmn = self.MangleModuleName(anonymousWfModule.__name__, "renamed_", returnStr=True)
        obj, tif = self.wfModuleTest(anonymousWfModule, mangleModuleName=mmn, preObjects=anonymousWfModule.__name__, dis=False)
        self.assertFalse(obj.__name__ in tif.post_modules)

    def testAnonymousWfModule2_MangleModuleName(self):
        self.assertFalse(anonymousWfModule.__name__ in sys.modules)
        mmn = self.MangleModuleName(anonymousWfModule.__name__, "renamed_", returnStr=True)
        obj, tif = self.wfModuleTest(anonymousWfModule, mangleModuleName=mmn, preObjects=anonymousWfModule.__dict__, dis=False)
        self.assertFalse(obj.__name__ in tif.post_modules)

    def testAnonymousModule_MangleModuleName(self):
        self.assertFalse(anonymousModule.__name__ in sys.modules)
        mmn = self.MangleModuleName(anonymousModule.__name__, "renamed_", returnStr=True)

        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(anonymousModule.__name__, anonymousModule, dis=False,
                                    mangleModuleName=mmn
                                    )

        # because the user wants to rename or replace the module, the pickler must not
        # use a reference to the module found elsewhere. Instead it must import
        # the module.
        il = self.pickler.getImportList(p)
        modules = set([i.partition(" ")[0] for i in il])
        self.assertNotIn(anonymousModule.__name__, modules)
        self.assertIn(mmn.getMangledName(anonymousModule.__name__), modules)
        # Of course the import will fail, because there is no such module in the file system
        self.assertRaises(ImportError, self.pickler.loads, p)

    def testAnonymousModule2_MangleModuleName(self):
        self.assertFalse(anonymousModule.__name__ in sys.modules)
        mmn = self.MangleModuleName(anonymousModule.__name__, "renamed_", returnStr=True)

        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(anonymousModule.__dict__, anonymousModule, dis=False,
                                    mangleModuleName=mmn
                                    )

        # because the user wants to rename or replace the module, the pickler must not
        # use a reference to the module found elsewhere. Instead it must import
        # the module.
        il = self.pickler.getImportList(p)
        modules = set([i.partition(" ")[0] for i in il])
        self.assertNotIn(anonymousModule.__name__, modules)
        self.assertIn(mmn.getMangledName(anonymousModule.__name__), modules)
        # Of course the import will fail, because there is no such module in the file system
        self.assertRaises(ImportError, self.pickler.loads, p)

    def testOsPath_MangleModuleName(self):
        orig = os.path
        self.assertNotEqual(orig.__name__, "os.path")
        mmn = self.MangleModuleName("DOES NOT APPLY", "", package=orig.__name__, returnStr=True)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False,
                                    mangleModuleName=mmn
                                    )

        il = self.pickler.getImportList(p)
        modules = set([i.partition(" ")[0] for i in il])
        self.assertNotIn(orig.__name__, modules)
        self.assertIn("os.path", modules)

        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testOsPath_MangleModuleName2(self):
        orig = os.path
        self.assertNotEqual(orig.__name__, "os.path")
        mmn = self.MangleModuleName("DOES NOT APPLY", "", package=orig.__name__)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False,
                                    mangleModuleName=mmn
                                    )

        il = self.pickler.getImportList(p)
        modules = set([i.partition(" ")[0] for i in il])
        self.assertNotIn(orig.__name__, modules)
        self.assertNotIn("os.path", modules)

        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testOsPathJoin_MangleModuleName(self):
        orig = os.path
        self.assertNotEqual(orig.__name__, "os.path")
        mmn = self.MangleModuleName("DOES NOT APPLY", "", package=orig.__name__, returnStr=True)
        orig_join = orig.join
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig_join, dis=False,
                                    mangleModuleName=mmn,
                                    object_dispatch=_sPickle.ObjectDispatchBuilder()
                                    )

        il = self.pickler.getImportList(p)
        modules = set([i.partition(" ")[0] for i in il])
        self.assertNotIn(orig.__name__, modules)
        self.assertIn("os.path", modules)

        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig_join)

    def testOsPathJoin_MangleModuleName2(self):
        orig = os.path
        self.assertNotEqual(orig.__name__, "os.path")
        orig_join = orig.join
        mmn = self.MangleModuleName("DOES NOT APPLY", "", package=orig.__name__)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig_join, dis=False,
                                    mangleModuleName=mmn,
                                    object_dispatch=_sPickle.ObjectDispatchBuilder()
                                    )

        il = self.pickler.getImportList(p)
        modules = set([i.partition(" ")[0] for i in il])
        self.assertNotIn(orig.__name__, modules)
        self.assertNotIn("os.path", modules)

        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig_join)

    @skipIf(gtk is None, "gtk not available")
    def testGtk(self):
        # the pure stackless pickler fails to import gtk
        self.moduleTest(gtk, dis=False)

    def moduleTest(self, module, preObjects=None, **kw):
        orig = module
        obj, tif = self._moduleTestCommon(orig, preObjects, **kw)
        if orig.__name__ in tif.pre_modules:
            self.assertEquals(obj, orig)
            self.assertTrue(obj is orig)
            self.assertTrue(orig.__name__ in tif.names, "name %r not in %r" % (orig.__name__, tif.names))
        return (obj, tif)

    def wfModuleTest(self, wf_module_, preObjects=None, **kw):
        orig = wf_module_
        with PEP302ImportDetector(raiseOn=[wf_module.__name__, wf_module.wf_modul2.__name__]):
            obj, tif = self._moduleTestCommon(orig, preObjects, **kw)
        # the module must be flagged as a wf-module
        self.assertTrue(getattr(obj, _sPickle.MODULE_TO_BE_PICKLED_FLAG_NAME))
        # the object must be a real clone and must not be imported
        self.assertFalse(obj is orig)
        self.assertFalse(orig.__name__ in tif.names, "Import of forbidden module %r" % (orig.__name__,))
        return (obj, tif)

    def _moduleTestCommon(self, module, preObjects=None, unimport=(), dis=False, mangleModuleName=None, raiseOn=None):
        orig = module
        orig_dict = dict(orig.__dict__)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(preObjects, orig, dis=dis, mangleModuleName=mangleModuleName, raiseOn=raiseOn)
        self.assertEqual(orig.__dict__, orig_dict)

        if unimport:
            if unimport is True:
                unimport = (orig,)

        with TestImportFunctor(*unimport) as tif:
            # cPickle does not use our modified __import__ function for the GLOBAL op code
            obj = self.pickler.loads(p, useCPickle=False)[-1]

        # test obj
        self.assertEquals(type(obj), type(orig))
        self.assertTrue(type(obj) is type(orig))
        oname = orig.__name__
        if mangleModuleName:
            oname = mangleModuleName.getMangledName(oname)
        self.assertEquals(obj.__name__, oname)
        obj_dict_keys = set(obj.__dict__.iterkeys())
        obj_dict_keys.discard(_sPickle.MODULE_TO_BE_PICKLED_FLAG_NAME)
        orig_dict_keys = set(orig.__dict__.iterkeys())
        orig_dict_keys.discard(_sPickle.MODULE_TO_BE_PICKLED_FLAG_NAME)
        self.assertEqual(obj_dict_keys, orig_dict_keys)
        if callable(getattr(orig, "isOk", None)):
            self.assertTrue(obj.isOk() is True)

        if orig.__name__ in tif.pre_modules:
            # the import of the module must not change anything
            if mangleModuleName is None:
                self.assertEqual(tif.pre_modules, tif.post_modules)
            else:
                post = dict(tif.post_modules)
                for k in tif.pre_modules.keys():
                    mangled = mangleModuleName.getMangledName(k)
                    if mangled != k and k != mangleModuleName.package:
                        del post[mangled]
                self.assertEqual(tif.pre_modules, post)

        return (obj, tif)

    #
    # Tests for module dictionaries
    #
    def testModuleDict(self):
        orig = tabnanny
        self.moduleDictTest(orig)

    def testWfModuleDict(self):
        self.wfModuleDictTest(wf_module)

    def testAnonymousModuleDict(self):
        self.assertFalse(anonymousModule.__name__ in sys.modules)
        self.moduleDictTest(anonymousModule)

    def testAnonymousModuleDict2(self):
        self.assertFalse(anonymousModule.__name__ in sys.modules)
        self.moduleDictTest(anonymousModule, anonymousModule)

    def testAnonymousWfModuleDict(self):
        self.assertFalse(anonymousWfModule.__name__ in sys.modules)
        self.wfModuleDictTest(anonymousWfModule)

    def testAnonymousWfModuleDict2(self):
        self.assertFalse(anonymousWfModule.__name__ in sys.modules)
        self.wfModuleDictTest(anonymousWfModule, anonymousWfModule)

    def moduleDictTest(self, module, preObjects=None, dis=False):
        g = module.__dict__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(preObjects, g, module)
        obj, mod = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]  # @UnusedVariable
        self.assertTrue(obj is g)

    def wfModuleDictTest(self, wf_module_, preObjects=None, dis=False):
        orig = getattr(wf_module_, "__dict__")
        saved_orig = dict(orig)
        with PEP302ImportDetector(raiseOn=[wf_module.__name__, wf_module.wf_modul2.__name__]):
            p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(preObjects, orig, wf_module_, dis=dis)
        self.assertEqual(orig, saved_orig)
        obj, mod = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertTrue(type(obj) is type(orig))
        self.assertFalse(obj is orig)
        obj_dict_keys = set(obj)
        obj_dict_keys.discard(_sPickle.MODULE_TO_BE_PICKLED_FLAG_NAME)
        orig_dict_keys = set(orig)
        orig_dict_keys.discard(_sPickle.MODULE_TO_BE_PICKLED_FLAG_NAME)
        self.assertEqual(obj_dict_keys, orig_dict_keys)
        self.assertTrue(type(wf_module_) is type(mod))
        self.assertIs(mod.__dict__, obj)

    #
    # Tests for function and code objects
    #
    def testWfFunction(self):
        self.wfFunctionTest(wf_module.isOk)
        self.assertTrue(wf_module is sys.modules[wf_module.__name__])

    def testStrangeWfModuleFunctionTest(self):
        f = strangeModule.isOk
        self.assertTrue(f())
        self.wfFunctionTest(f, strangeModule, dis=False)
        self.wfFunctionTest(f, dis=False)

    @skipIf(sys.hexversion < 0x02070000, "requires python 2.7")
    def testDecoratedFunctionTest(self):
        f = decoratedFunction
        self.assertTrue(f())
        obj = self.wfFunctionTest(f, dis=False)
        self.assertTrue(obj())

    def testPartiallyUnpickleable(self):
        f = partiallyUnpickleableFunction
        self.assertTrue(f())
        self.assertRaises(IntentionallyUnpicleableError, self.pickler.dumps, f)

    def wfFunctionTest(self, function, preObjects=None, dis=False):
        orig = function
        with PEP302ImportDetector(raiseOn=[wf_module.__name__, wf_module.wf_modul2.__name__]):
            p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(preObjects, orig, dis=dis)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertTrue(type(obj) is type(orig))
        self.assertFalse(obj is orig)
        self.assertEqual(obj.__name__, orig.__name__)
        self.assertEqual(obj.__doc__, orig.__doc__)
        if hasattr(orig, "func_globals"):
            self.assertTrue(type(obj.func_globals) is type(orig.func_globals))  # @IgnorePep8
        if hasattr(orig, "func_code"):
            self.assertFalse(obj.func_code is orig.func_code)
            self.assertEquals(obj.func_code, orig.func_code)
        # Todo: compare the other attributes of a function
        return obj

    def testTypeInstancemethod(self):
        p = self.pickler.dumps(types.MethodType)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertTrue(obj is types.MethodType)  # @IgnorePep8

    def unboundInstancemethodTest(self, cls):
        orig = cls.isOk
        self.assertIsInstance(orig, types.MethodType)
        self.assertIsNone(orig.im_self)

        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)

        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(orig))
        self.assertIs(obj.im_func, orig.im_func)
        self.assertIs(obj.im_class, orig.im_class)
        self.assertIsNone(obj.im_self)

    def boundInstancemethodTest(self, cls, function_by_value=False, method_name='isOk', orig=None):
        if orig is None:
            orig = getattr(cls('OK'), method_name)
        self.assertIsInstance(orig, types.MethodType)
        self.assertIsNotNone(orig.im_self)

        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)

        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(orig))
        if function_by_value:
            self.assertIsNot(obj.im_func, orig.im_func)
            self.assertIs(type(obj.im_func), type(orig.im_func))
            self.assertIsNot(obj.im_class, orig.im_class)
            self.assertIs(type(obj.im_class), type(orig.im_class))
        else:
            self.assertIs(obj.im_func, orig.im_func)
            self.assertIs(obj.im_class, orig.im_class)
            self.assertIs(type(obj.im_self), type(orig.im_self))
        self.assertIsNot(obj.im_self, orig.im_self)
        self.assertIs(obj(), True)

    def testUnboundInstancemethod1(self):
        self.unboundInstancemethodTest(PlainClass)

    def testBoundInstancemethod1(self):
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainClass)
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainClass, method_name="_PlainClass__private")
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainClass, method_name="__private")
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainClass, method_name="__special__")

    def testUnboundInstancemethod2(self):
        self.unboundInstancemethodTest(PlainSubClass)

    def testBoundInstancemethod2(self):
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainSubClass)
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainSubClass, method_name="_PlainClass__private")
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainSubClass, method_name="_PlainSubClass__private")
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainSubClass, method_name="__private")
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainSubClass, method_name="__special__")

    def testUnboundInstancemethod3(self):
        self.unboundInstancemethodTest(PlainClassicClass)

    def testBoundInstancemethod3(self):
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainClassicClass)
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainClassicClass, method_name="_PlainClassicClass__private")

    def testUnboundInstancemethod4(self):
        self.unboundInstancemethodTest(PlainClassicSubClass)

    def testBoundInstancemethod4(self):
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainClassicSubClass)
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainClassicSubClass, method_name="_PlainClassicClass__private")
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainClassicSubClass, method_name="_PlainClassicSubClass__private")

    def testBoundInstancemethod5(self):
        class C(object):
            def __init__(self, arg):
                pass

            def isOk(self):
                return True
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(C, function_by_value=True)

    def testBoundInstancemethod6(self):
        class C(object):
            def __init__(self, arg):
                pass
            isOk = PlainClass('OK').isOk
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(C)

    def testBoundInstancemethod7(self):
        # test pickling of a super method
        o = PlainSubClass('OK')
        m = super(PlainSubClass, o).isOk2
        self.assertIs(m.im_func, PlainClass.isOk2.im_func)
        self.boundInstancemethodTest(PlainSubClass, method_name="isOk2", orig=m)

    #
    # Tests for function creation
    #
    def testTypeCode(self):
        p = self.pickler.dumps(types.CodeType)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertTrue(obj is types.CodeType)  # @IgnorePep8

    def testTypeCell(self):
        cellType = type((lambda: self).func_closure[0])
        p = self.pickler.dumps(cellType)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertTrue(obj is cellType)

    def testCodeObject(self):
        # a function code object
        orig = self.testCodeObject.im_func.func_code
        self.codeObjectTest(orig, dis=False)

    def codeObjectTest(self, orig, dis=False):
        # a function code object
        self.assertIsInstance(orig, types.CodeType)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=dis)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, types.CodeType)
        self.assertEqual(obj.co_name, orig.co_name)
        self.assertEqual(obj.co_argcount, orig.co_argcount)
        self.assertEqual(obj.co_nlocals, orig.co_nlocals)
        self.assertEqual(obj.co_varnames, orig.co_varnames)
        self.assertEqual(obj.co_cellvars, orig.co_cellvars)
        self.assertEqual(obj.co_freevars, orig.co_freevars)
        self.assertEqual(obj.co_code, orig.co_code)
        self.assertEqual(obj.co_consts, orig.co_consts)
        self.assertEqual(obj.co_names, orig.co_names)
        self.assertEqual(obj.co_filename, orig.co_filename)
        self.assertEqual(obj.co_firstlineno, orig.co_firstlineno)
        self.assertEqual(obj.co_lnotab, orig.co_lnotab)
        self.assertEqual(obj.co_stacksize, orig.co_stacksize)
        self.assertEqual(obj.co_flags, orig.co_flags)

    #
    # tests for cell objects
    #
    def testCell_regular(self):
        local_var = [4711, 9876]
        orig = (lambda: local_var).__closure__[0]
        self.assertIs(orig.cell_contents, local_var)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(orig))
        self.assertIsNot(obj.cell_contents, local_var)
        self.assertListEqual(obj.cell_contents, local_var)

    def testCell_empty(self):
        def create_empty_cell():
            return (lambda: local_var).__closure__[0]
            local_var = None
        orig = create_empty_cell()
        self.assertRaisesRegexp(ValueError, r"Cell is empty", getattr, orig, "cell_contents")
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(orig))
        self.assertRaisesRegexp(ValueError, r"Cell is empty", getattr, obj, "cell_contents")

    #
    # Tests for pickling trace back and frame objects
    #
    def testTypeFrame(self):
        orig = type(sys._getframe())
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testTypeTraceback(self):
        try:
            1 // 0
        except Exception:
            orig = type(sys.exc_info()[2])
            sys.exc_clear()
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    @skipIf(isStackless, "stackless can pickle frames")
    def testFrame_NoStackless(self):
        f = sys._getframe()
        orig = f
        self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError, self.pickler.dumps, orig)

    @skipIf(isStackless, "stackless can pickle frames")
    def testTraceback_NoStackless(self):
        try:
            1 // 0
        except Exception:
            orig = sys.exc_info()[2]
            sys.exc_clear()
        self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError, self.pickler.dumps, orig)

    @skipUnless(isStackless, "stackless only")
    def testFrame_Stackless(self):
        f = sys._getframe()
        frames = []
        while f is not None:
            frames.append(f)
            f = f.f_back
        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(frames), 2)
        orig = frames[-2]
        # enforce ther population of f_locals
        orig_f_locals_keys = frozenset(orig.f_locals.keys())
        self.assertTrue(orig_f_locals_keys)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(orig))
        self.assertIs(obj.f_builtins, orig.f_builtins)
        self.assertIs(type(obj.f_code), type(orig.f_code))
        self.assertIsNot(obj.f_code, orig.f_code)
        self.assertEquals(obj.f_code.co_code, orig.f_code.co_code)
        self.assertIs(obj.f_globals, orig.f_globals)
        self.assertEquals(obj.f_lasti, orig.f_lasti)
        self.assertEquals(obj.f_lineno, orig.f_lineno)
        self.assertSetEqual(orig_f_locals_keys, frozenset(orig.f_locals.keys()))
        obj_f_locals_keys = frozenset(obj.f_locals.keys())
        if obj_f_locals_keys:
            # sometimes obj.f_locals is empty. It is caused by Stackless issue #61.
            self.assertSetEqual(obj_f_locals_keys, orig_f_locals_keys)
        self.assertEqual(obj.f_restricted, orig.f_restricted)

    @skipUnless(isStackless, "stackless only")
    def testTraceback_Stackless(self):
        # we need an traceback without any unpickleable
        # frames. We use a thread
        import threading
        tb_list = []

        def create_tb():
            try:
                1 // 0
            except Exception:
                tb_list.append(sys.exc_info()[2])
                sys.exc_clear()
        t = threading.Thread(target=create_tb, name=self.id())
        t.start()
        t.join()
        orig = tb_list[0]
        self.assertIsNone(orig.tb_next)

        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]

        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(orig))
        self.assertIs(type(obj.tb_frame), type(orig.tb_frame))
        self.assertEqual(obj.tb_lasti, orig.tb_lasti)
        self.assertEqual(obj.tb_lineno, orig.tb_lineno)
        self.assertIsNone(obj.tb_next)

    #
    # Tests for special objects and types
    #
    def testTypeWrapperDescriptor(self):
        p = self.pickler.dumps(_sPickle.WRAPPER_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertIs(obj, _sPickle.WRAPPER_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE)

    def testTypeMethodDescriptor(self):
        p = self.pickler.dumps(_sPickle.METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertIs(obj, _sPickle.METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE)

    def testTypeMethodWrapper(self):
        p = self.pickler.dumps(_sPickle.METHOD_WRAPPER_TYPE)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertIs(obj, _sPickle.METHOD_WRAPPER_TYPE)

    def testDictSysModules(self):
        p = self.pickler.dumps(sys.modules)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertTrue(obj is sys.modules)

    def testDict__builtins__(self):
        from __builtin__ import __dict__ as bid
        self.assertIs(bid, __builtins__)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, __builtins__, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[1]
        self.assertIs(obj, __builtins__)

    def testTypeType(self):
        p = self.pickler.dumps(type)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertTrue(obj is type)

    def testTypeClass(self):
        p = self.pickler.dumps(types.ClassType)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertTrue(obj is types.ClassType)  # @IgnorePep8

    def testThreadLock(self):
        lock = thread.allocate_lock()
        self.assertIsInstance(lock, thread.LockType)
        p = self.pickler.dumps(lock)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, thread.LockType)
        self.assertIsNot(obj, lock)
        self.assertFalse(obj.locked())

        self.assertTrue(lock.acquire(0))
        p = self.pickler.dumps(lock)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, thread.LockType)
        self.assertTrue(obj.locked())

    def testThreadLockAcquire(self):
        self.builtinMethodTest(thread.allocate_lock(), "acquire")

    def testThreadLockRelease(self):
        self.builtinMethodTest(thread.allocate_lock(), "release")

    def testThreadLockLocked(self):
        self.builtinMethodTest(thread.allocate_lock(), "locked")

    def builtinMethodTest(self, obj, methodName):
        method = getattr(obj, methodName)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(method, obj, dis=False)
        restoredMethod, restoredObj = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertIsInstance(restoredObj, thread.LockType)
        self.assertIsNot(restoredObj, obj)
        self.assertIs(restoredMethod.__self__, restoredObj)
        self.assertEqual(restoredMethod, getattr(restoredObj, methodName))

    #
    # test pickling methods of object
    #
    def testObject__delattr__(self):
        orig = object.__delattr__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testObject__format__(self):
        orig = object.__format__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testObject__getattribute__(self):
        orig = object.__getattribute__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testObject__hash__(self):
        orig = object.__hash__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testObject__init__(self):
        orig = object.__init__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testObject__new__(self):
        orig = object.__new__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testObject__reduce__(self):
        orig = object.__reduce__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testObject__reduce_ex__(self):
        orig = object.__reduce_ex__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testObject__repr__(self):
        orig = object.__repr__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testObject__setattr__(self):
        orig = object.__setattr__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testObject__sizeof__(self):
        orig = object.__sizeof__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testObject__str__(self):
        orig = object.__str__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testObject__subclasshook__(self):
        orig = object.__subclasshook__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertEqual(repr(obj), repr(orig))
        # There seems to be a python bug:
        # [kruis@aragvi ~]$ python2.7 -c "print object.__subclasshook__ is object.__subclasshook__"
        # False
        #
        # self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    #
    # Other special types
    #
    def testModuleNew(self):
        orig = types.ModuleType.__new__
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    @skipUnless(RPYC_AVAILABLE, "test requires package RPyC")
    def testRpycBuiltinTypes(self):
        from rpyc.core.netref import _builtin_types  # @UnresolvedImport
        errors = []
        for t in _builtin_types:
            try:
                p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, t, dis=False)
                obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
            except Exception:
                errors.append("Exception while pickling type %r: %s" % (t, traceback.format_exc()))
            else:
                if t is not obj:
                    errors.append("Expected type %r, got type %r" % (t, obj))
        self.assertFalse(errors, os.linesep.join(errors))

    def testTypeStaticmethod(self):
        orig = staticmethod
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testStaticmethod(self):
        orig = staticmethod(aFunction)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(orig))
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIs(obj.__func__, orig.__func__)

    def testTypeClassmethod(self):
        orig = classmethod
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testClassmethod(self):
        orig = classmethod(aFunction)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(orig))
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIs(obj.__func__, orig.__func__)

    def testTypeProperty(self):
        orig = property
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testProperty(self):
        doc = "docstring"
        orig = property(aFunction, aFunction2, aFunction3, doc)
        self.assertIs(orig.fget, aFunction)
        self.assertIs(orig.fset, aFunction2)
        self.assertIs(orig.fdel, aFunction3)
        self.assertEqual(orig.__doc__, doc)

        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(orig))
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIs(obj.fget, aFunction)
        self.assertIs(obj.fset, aFunction2)
        self.assertIs(obj.fdel, aFunction3)
        self.assertEqual(obj.__doc__, doc)

    def testTypeOperatorItemgetter(self):
        orig = operator.itemgetter
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testOperatorItemgetter(self):
        orig = operator.itemgetter(1, 3, 5)
        self.assertTupleEqual(('B', 'D', 'F'), orig("ABCDEFG"))
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(orig))
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertTupleEqual(('B', 'D', 'F'), obj("ABCDEFG"))

    def testTypeOperatorAttrgetter(self):
        orig = operator.attrgetter
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testOperatorAttrgetter(self):
        def target():
            return None
        target.a = 1
        target.b = lambda: None
        target.b.c = 2
        target.d = lambda: None
        target.d.e = lambda: None
        target.d.e.f = 3
        target.x = 99
        target.y = 98
        target.b.x = 97

        orig = operator.attrgetter("a", "b.c", "d.e.f")

        self.assertTupleEqual((1, 2, 3), orig(target))
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(orig))
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertTupleEqual((1, 2, 3), obj(target))

    def testXrange(self):
        orig = xrange(4, 10, 2)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, xrange)
        self.assertListEqual(list(obj), list(orig))

    @skipUnless(isStackless, "stackless only")
    def testRangeIterator(self):
        x = xrange(2, 10, 2)
        orig = iter(x)
        lorig = []
        lorig.append(orig.next())
        lorig.append(orig.next())
        lobj = lorig[:]
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        lorig.extend(orig)
        self.assertListEqual(lorig, list(x))
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, type(orig))
        lobj.extend(obj)
        self.assertListEqual(lobj, lorig)

    def testDictProxy(self):
        dp = PlainClass.__dict__
        self.assertIsInstance(dp, types.DictProxyType)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, dp)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, types.DictProxyType)
        self.assertEqual(dp, obj)

    def testDictProxyNotClassDict(self):
        class C(object):
            __slots__ = ()
        dp = C.__dict__
        self.assertIsInstance(dp, types.DictProxyType)
        self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError, self.pickler.dumps, dp)

    def testMemberDescriptor(self):
        class C(object):
            __slots__ = ('a')
        orig = C.__dict__['a']
        self.assertIsInstance(orig, types.MemberDescriptorType)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, types.MemberDescriptorType)
        self.assertEqual(orig.__name__, obj.__name__)
        self.assertClassEquals(orig.__objclass__, obj.__objclass__)

    def testGetSetDescriptor(self):
        orig = PlainClass.__weakref__
        self.assertIsInstance(orig, types.GetSetDescriptorType)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, types.GetSetDescriptorType)
        self.assertEqual(orig.__name__, obj.__name__)
        self.assertClassEquals(orig.__objclass__, obj.__objclass__)

    def testCStringIoInputType(self):
        orig = cStringIO.InputType
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testCStringIoOutputType(self):
        orig = cStringIO.OutputType
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testCStringIoOutput(self):
        orig = cStringIO.StringIO()

        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, type(orig))
        self.assertEqual(obj.getvalue(), orig.getvalue())
        self.assertEqual(obj.tell(), orig.tell())

        orig.write(b"0123456789")

        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, type(orig))
        self.assertEqual(obj.getvalue(), orig.getvalue())
        self.assertEqual(obj.tell(), orig.tell())

        orig.seek(5, 0)

        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, type(orig))
        self.assertEqual(obj.getvalue(), orig.getvalue())
        self.assertEqual(obj.tell(), orig.tell())

        orig.close()
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, orig.getvalue)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, type(orig))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, obj.getvalue)

    def testCStringIoInput(self):
        orig = cStringIO.StringIO(b"")

        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, type(orig))
        self.assertEqual(obj.getvalue(), orig.getvalue())
        self.assertEqual(obj.tell(), orig.tell())

        orig = cStringIO.StringIO(b"0123456789")

        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, type(orig))
        self.assertEqual(obj.getvalue(), orig.getvalue())
        self.assertEqual(obj.tell(), orig.tell())

        orig.seek(5, 0)

        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, type(orig))
        self.assertEqual(obj.getvalue(), orig.getvalue())
        self.assertEqual(obj.tell(), orig.tell())

        orig.close()
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, orig.getvalue)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, type(orig))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, obj.getvalue)

    def testOrderedDict(self):
        # the method __reduce__ of collections.OrderedDict fails for recursive
        # dictionaries. Test our fix
        orig = collections.OrderedDict([['key1', 'value1'], ['key2', 'value2']])
        orig['self'] = orig  # a recursive dict.
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, collections.OrderedDict)
        self.assertIs(obj, obj['self'])
        # assertEqual fails to handle a recursive object
        del obj['self']
        del orig['self']
        self.assertEqual(obj, orig)

    def testTypeWeakrefReferenceType(self):
        orig = weakref.ReferenceType
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testTypeWeakrefProxyType(self):
        orig = weakref.ProxyType
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testTypeWeakrefCallableProxyType(self):
        orig = weakref.CallableProxyType
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testWeakrefRef1(self):
        something = PlainClass(123)
        orig = weakref.ref(something)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(something, orig, dis=False)
        obj, obj2 = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertIsNot(obj, something)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, type(something))
        self.assertIsNot(obj2, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj2, type(orig))
        self.assertIs(obj2(), obj)

    def testWeakrefRef2(self):
        # dead ref case
        orig = weakref.ref(PlainClass(123))
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, type(orig))
        self.assertIsNone(obj())

    def testTypeSuper(self):
        orig = super
        self.assertIs(orig, type(super(PlainClass)))
        self.assertIs(orig, type(super(PlainClass, PlainClass())))
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testSuperUnbound(self):
        orig = super(PlainClass)
        self.assertIsNone(orig.__self__)
        self.assertIsNone(orig.__self_class__)
        self.assertIs(orig.__thisclass__, PlainClass)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, type(orig))
        self.assertIs(obj.__thisclass__, orig.__thisclass__)
        self.assertIsNone(obj.__self__)
        self.assertIsNone(obj.__self_class__)

    def testSuperBoundObj(self):
        p = PlainSubClass()
        orig = super(PlainClass, p)
        self.assertIs(orig.__self__, p)
        self.assertIs(orig.__thisclass__, PlainClass)
        self.assertIs(orig.__self_class__, PlainSubClass)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, type(orig))
        self.assertIs(obj.__thisclass__, orig.__thisclass__)
        self.assertIsNot(obj.__self__, p)
        self.assertIs(type(obj.__self__), PlainSubClass)
        self.assertIs(obj.__self_class__, PlainSubClass)

    def testSuperBoundCls(self):
        orig = super(PlainClass, PlainSubClass)
        self.assertIs(orig.__self__, PlainSubClass)
        self.assertIs(orig.__thisclass__, PlainClass)
        self.assertIs(orig.__self_class__, PlainSubClass)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, type(orig))
        self.assertIs(obj.__thisclass__, orig.__thisclass__)
        self.assertIs(obj.__self__, PlainSubClass)
        self.assertIs(obj.__self_class__, PlainSubClass)

    #
    # Tests for pickling classes
    #
    def testClassicClass(self):
        class ClassicClass:
            anAttribute = None
        self.classCopyTest(ClassicClass)

    def testNewStyleClass(self):
        class NewStyleClass(object):
            anAttribute = None
        self.classCopyTest(NewStyleClass)

    def testNewStyleClassWithSlots(self):
        class NewStyleClassWithSlots(object):
            __slots__ = ("slot1", "slot2")
            anAttribute = None
        self.classCopyTest(NewStyleClassWithSlots)

    def testNewStyleClassWithSlotsAndDict(self):
        class NewStyleClassWithSlotsAndDict(object):
            __slots__ = ("slot1", "slot2", "__dict__")
            anAttribute = None
        self.classCopyTest(NewStyleClassWithSlotsAndDict)

    def testRecursiveClass(self):
        cls = self.classCopyTest(P.RecursiveClass)
        cls().run(self)

    def testIndirectRecursiveClass(self):
        cls = self.classCopyTest(Q.IndirectRecursiveClass)
        cls().run(self)

    def testIndirectRecursiveClass2(self):
        cls = self.classCopyTest(R.IndirectRecursiveClass)
        cls().run(self)

    def testNormalClass(self):
        cls = self.classCopyTest(pickle.Pickler)
        self.assertTrue(cls is pickle.Pickler)

    def testNamedTuple(self):
        cls = self.classCopyTest(collections.namedtuple("namedTupleName", "a b"), dis=False)
        nt = cls(1, 2)
        self.assertTupleEqual(nt, (1, 2))
        self.assertEqual(nt.a, 1)
        self.assertEqual(nt.b, 2)

    def testClassWithCustomDict(self):
        class C(object):
            __dict__ = 4711
        cls = self.classCopyTest(C, dis=False)
        self.assertEquals(cls().__dict__, 4711)

    def testExceptionClass(self):
        class TestException(BaseException):
            attribute = "attribute value"
        self.classCopyTest(TestException, dis=False)

    def testClassWithForainMemberDescriptor(self):
        class C(object):
            __slots__ = ('md')
        md = C.__dict__['md']
        self.assertIsInstance(md, types.MemberDescriptorType)

        class orig:
            pass
        orig.md = md

        cls = self.classCopyTest(orig, dis=False)
        self.assertIsInstance(cls.md, types.MemberDescriptorType)

    def testClassWithMetaClass(self):
        class C(object):
            class __metaclass__(type):
                # the absolute minimal implementation
                pass
        orig = C
        cls = self.classCopyTest(orig, dis=False)
        self.assertClassEquals(orig.__metaclass__, cls.__metaclass__)

    def testClassWithMetaClass2(self):
        class C(object):
            class __metaclass__(type):
                # the absolute minimal implementation
                pass

        class orig(C):
            pass
        cls = self.classCopyTest(orig, dis=False)
        self.assertClassEquals(orig.__metaclass__, cls.__metaclass__)

    def testABCMeta(self):
        class C(object):
            __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta
        C.register(PlainClass)

        self.assertIsInstance(C._abc_cache, weakref.WeakSet)
        self.assertIsInstance(C._abc_negative_cache, weakref.WeakSet)
        # fill the negative and positive subclass caches.
        # These caches are the real challenge when pickling a
        # class with meta-class ABCMeta.
        self.assertTrue(issubclass(PlainSubClass, C))
        self.assertIn(PlainSubClass, C._abc_cache)
        self.assertFalse(issubclass(UnpickleableClass, C))
        self.assertIn(UnpickleableClass, C._abc_negative_cache)
        self.assertGreater(C._abc_negative_cache_version, 0)

        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, C, dis=False)
        cls = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertClassEquals(C.__metaclass__, cls.__metaclass__)

        # Now make sure, the caches of the clone are empty. This
        # is necessary to avoid attempts to pickle potentially
        # unpickleable classes
        self.assertEqual(cls._abc_negative_cache_version, 0)
        self.assertIsInstance(cls._abc_negative_cache, weakref.WeakSet)
        self.assertIsInstance(cls._abc_cache, weakref.WeakSet)
        self.assertListEqual(list(cls._abc_negative_cache), [])
        self.assertListEqual(list(cls._abc_cache), [])

        self.assertTrue(issubclass(PlainSubClass, cls))
        self.assertFalse(issubclass(UnpickleableClass, cls))

    def assertClassEquals(self, origCls, cls, level=0):
        if origCls is cls:
            return
        self.assertLess(level, 10, "Possible recursion detected")
        if type(origCls) in (type, types.ClassType):
            # skip this assert for metaclasses
            self.assertIs(type(cls), type(origCls))
        else:
            # metaclass
            self.assertClassEquals(type(cls), type(origCls))
        self.assertEqual(cls.__name__, origCls.__name__)
        self.assertEqual(cls.__module__, origCls.__module__)
        self.assertEqual(len(cls.__bases__), len(origCls.__bases__))
        for b1, b2 in zip(cls.__bases__, origCls.__bases__):
            self.assertClassEquals(b1, b2, level + 1)
        self.assertEqual(set(dir(cls)), set(dir(origCls)))
        for k in dir(cls):
            if k in ('__dict__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', '__abstractmethods__'):
                # See http://bugs.python.org/issue10006 about __abstractmethods__
                continue
            v1 = getattr(cls, k)
            v2 = getattr(origCls, k)
            self.assertEqual(type(v1), type(v2), "key: %r type: %r != %r" % (k, v1, v2))
            if " at 0x" not in repr(v2):
                self.assertEqual(repr(v1), repr(v2), "key: %r repr: %r != %r" % (k, v1, v2))
            self.assertEqual(getattr(v1, "__name__", "Object has no Name"),
                             getattr(v2, "__name__", "Object has no Name"))

    def classCopyTest(self, origCls, dis=False):
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, origCls, dis=dis)
        cls = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertClassEquals(origCls, cls)
        return cls

    #
    # Import tests
    #
    def testWfImports(self):
        orig = wf_module
        p = self.pickler.dumps(orig)
        importList = self.pickler.getImportList(p)
        self.assertIsInstance(importList, list)
        for module in importList:
            self.assertIsInstance(module, str)
            self.assertEqual(len(module.split(" ")), 2)

    def testObjectDispatch_object_dispatch(self):
        object_dispatch = _sPickle.Pickler([]).object_dispatch
        object_dispatch2 = _sPickle.Pickler([]).object_dispatch
        self.assertIsNot(object_dispatch, object_dispatch2)
        self.assertDictEqual(object_dispatch, object_dispatch2)

    def testObjectDispatch_entries_types(self):
        # test the object_dispatch table contains all class entries from the
        # module "types". This test is required to ensure compatibility
        # with previous versions of sPickle
        object_dispatch = _sPickle.Pickler([]).object_dispatch
        ftor = _sPickle.ObjectDispatchBuilder._ImportValue
        for k in dir(types):
            obj = getattr(types, k)
            if not inspect.isclass(obj):
                continue
            obj_id = id(obj)
            self.assertIn(obj_id, object_dispatch)
            od = object_dispatch[obj_id]
            self.assertIsInstance(od, ftor)
            self.assertEqual(od.module_name, "types")
            # there are many alias names in types
            self.assertIs(obj, getattr(types, od.item_name))

    def testObjectDispatch_entries_os_getcwd(self):
        # test the object_dispatch function of the pickler
        # For instance the function os.getcwd should be in the table,
        # because the implementation differs between operating systems
        object_dispatch = _sPickle.Pickler([]).object_dispatch
        obj = os.getcwd
        self.assertNotEqual(obj.__module__, 'os')

        obj_id = id(obj)
        od = object_dispatch[obj_id]
        self.assertEqual(od.module_name, 'os')
        self.assertEqual(od.item_name, 'getcwd')

    def testObjectDispatch_entries_os_path(self):
        # test the object_dispatch function of the pickler
        l = []
        pickler = _sPickle.Pickler(l, object_dispatch=_sPickle.ObjectDispatchBuilder())
        object_dispatch = pickler.object_dispatch
        obj = os.path.isdir
        self.assertNotEqual(obj.__module__, 'os.path')

        obj_id = id(obj)
        # by default members of os.path are not in the object_dispatch table
        self.assertNotIn(obj_id, object_dispatch)

        api_analyser = pickler.object_dispatch_builder
        api_analyser.append_pending_analysis_queue('os.path')
        api_analyser.build()

        od = object_dispatch[obj_id]
        self.assertEqual(od.module_name, 'os.path')
        self.assertEqual(od.item_name, 'isdir')

        pickler.dump(obj)
        p = b"".join(l)
        importList = self.pickler.getImportList(p)
        self.assertListEqual(importList, ['os.path isdir'])

    #
    # Handling of resource objects (files, socket, socketpair)
    #
    def testResources(self):
        openFile = open(os.devnull)
        closedFile = open(os.devnull, "wb")
        closedFile.close()
        socket_ = socket.socket()
        if hasattr(socket, "socketpair"):
            sp = socket.socketpair()
            sp[1].close()
        else:
            sp = [socket.socket()]
            sp.append(sp[0]._sock)

        try:
            orig = (openFile, closedFile, sys.__stdout__, socket_, sp)
            logging.disable(logging.WARNING)
            try:
                p = self.pickler.dumps(orig)
            finally:
                logging.disable(0)
            restored = self.pickler.loads(p)

            self.assertIsInstance(restored, tuple)
            self.assertEqual(len(orig), len(restored))
            for i in range(len(orig) - 1):
                self.assertIs(type(orig[i]), type(restored[i]))
            self.assertIsInstance(restored[-1][1], _sPickle.SOCKET_PAIR_TYPE)
            self.assertIs(orig[2], restored[2])

            self.assertEqual(orig[0].mode, restored[0].mode)
            self.assertFalse(restored[0].closed)
            restored[0].close()
            self.assertEqual(orig[1].mode, restored[1].mode)
            self.assertTrue(restored[1].closed)
        finally:
            openFile.close()
            socket_.close()
            sp[0].close()

    def _inMemoryIoTest(self, orig, dis):
        orig.seek(3)
        orig.another_attribute = 4711
        orig_state = orig.__getstate__()
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=dis)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(orig))
        self.assertEqual(obj.__getstate__(), orig_state)

    def testIoBytesIo(self):
        orig = io.BytesIO(b"foo_bar")
        self._inMemoryIoTest(orig, dis=False)

    def testIoStringIo(self):
        orig = io.StringIO(u"foo_bar")
        self._inMemoryIoTest(orig, dis=False)

    def testRawIoFileType(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "rb", buffering=0) as f:
            orig = type(f)
        self.assertIs(orig, io.FileIO)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testBinaryReadIoFileType(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "rb") as f:
            orig = type(f)
        self.assertIs(orig, io.BufferedReader)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testBinaryWriteIoFileType(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "wb") as f:
            orig = type(f)
        self.assertIs(orig, io.BufferedWriter)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testBinaryRandomIoFileType(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "rb+") as f:
            orig = type(f)
        self.assertIs(orig, io.BufferedRandom)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def testTextIoType(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "rt") as f:
            orig = type(f)
        self.assertIs(orig, io.TextIOWrapper)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        obj = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIs(obj, orig)

    def _ioFileTest(self, orig):
        try:
            raw = orig.raw
            hasRaw = True
        except AttributeError:
            raw = orig
            hasRaw = False
        raw.name = 'foo_bar_blub'
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(raw, orig, dis=False)
        robj, obj = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertIsNot(robj, raw)
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(orig))
        self.assertEqual(bool(obj.closed), bool(orig.closed))
        self.assertEqual(obj.name, orig.name)
        self.assertEqual(obj.mode, orig.mode)
        if hasRaw and not obj.closed:
            # we can't preserve the object graph, if the raw
            # object is closed.
            self.assertIs(obj.raw, robj)

    def testClosedRawIoFile(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "rb", buffering=0) as orig:
            pass
        self.assertIsInstance(orig, io.FileIO)
        self.assertTrue(orig.closed)
        self._ioFileTest(orig)

    def testRawIoFile(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "wb", buffering=0) as orig:
            self.assertIsInstance(orig, io.FileIO)
            self.assertFalse(orig.closed)
            self._ioFileTest(orig)

    def testClosedBinaryReadIoFile(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "rb") as orig:
            pass
        self.assertIsInstance(orig, io.BufferedReader)
        self.assertTrue(orig.closed)
        self._ioFileTest(orig)

    def testBinaryReadIoFile(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "rb") as orig:
            self.assertIsInstance(orig, io.BufferedReader)
            self.assertFalse(orig.closed)
            self._ioFileTest(orig)

    def testClosedBinaryWriteIoFile(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "wb") as orig:
            pass
        self.assertIsInstance(orig, io.BufferedWriter)
        self.assertTrue(orig.closed)
        self._ioFileTest(orig)

    def testBinaryWriteIoFile(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "wb") as orig:
            self.assertIsInstance(orig, io.BufferedWriter)
            self.assertFalse(orig.closed)
            self._ioFileTest(orig)

    def testClosedBinaryRandomIoFile(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "rb+") as orig:
            pass
        self.assertIsInstance(orig, io.BufferedRandom)
        self.assertTrue(orig.closed)
        self._ioFileTest(orig)

    def testBinaryRandomIoFile(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "rb+") as orig:
            self.assertIsInstance(orig, io.BufferedRandom)
            self.assertFalse(orig.closed)
            self._ioFileTest(orig)

    def _ioTextIOWrapperTest(self, orig, dis):
        self.assertIsInstance(orig, io.TextIOWrapper)
        raw = orig.buffer.raw
        raw.name = 'foo_bar_blub'
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(raw, orig, dis=dis)
        robj, obj = self.pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertIsNot(robj, raw)
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(orig))
        self.assertEqual(bool(obj.closed), bool(orig.closed))
        self.assertEqual(obj.name, orig.name)
        self.assertEqual(obj.mode, orig.mode)
        self.assertEqual(obj.encoding, orig.encoding)
        self.assertEqual(obj.errors, orig.errors)
        self.assertEqual(bool(obj.line_buffering), bool(orig.line_buffering))
        # no way to introspect orig.newline and orig.write_through
        if not obj.closed:
            # we can't preserve the object graph, if the raw
            # object is closed.
            self.assertIs(obj.buffer.raw, robj)

    def testClosedTextIoFile(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "r+", buffering=1, encoding='iso-8859-1', errors='xmlcharrefreplace', newline='\r\n') as orig:
            pass
        self.assertTrue(orig.closed)
        self._ioTextIOWrapperTest(orig, dis=False)

    def testTextIoFile(self):
        with io.open(os.devnull, "r+", buffering=1, encoding='iso-8859-1', errors='xmlcharrefreplace', newline='\r\n') as orig:
            self.assertFalse(orig.closed)
            self._ioTextIOWrapperTest(orig, dis=False)

    #
    # Test hostile objects
    #
    def testClassWithHostile__getattr__(self):
        self.classCopyTest(ClassWithHostile__getattr__, False)

    def testObjectWithHostile__getattr__1(self):
        orig = ClassWithHostile__getattr__(False)
        self.assertRaises(_sPickle.UnpicklingWillFailError, self.pickler.dumps, orig)

    def testObjectWithHostile__getattr__2(self):
        orig = ClassWithHostile__getattr__(True)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        # import pickle as pickle_ ; pickler.cPickle =  pickle_
        restored = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(restored, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(restored, orig.__class__)

    def testClassWithHostile__getattribute__(self):
        self.classCopyTest(ClassWithHostile__getattribute__, False)

    def testObjectWithHostile__getattribute__1(self):
        orig = ClassWithHostile__getattribute__(False)
        self.assertRaises(_sPickle.UnpicklingWillFailError, self.pickler.dumps, orig)

    def testObjectWithHostile__getattribute__2(self):
        orig = ClassWithHostile__getattribute__(True)
        p = self.dumpWithPreobjects(None, orig, dis=False)
        # import pickle as pickle_ ; pickler.cPickle =  pickle_
        restored = self.pickler.loads(p)[-1]
        self.assertIsNot(restored, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(restored, orig.__class__)

    def testNull(self):
        orig = Null()
        self.assertRaisesRegexp(RuntimeError, 'maximum recursion depth exceeded', self.pickler.dumps, orig)

    def testClassicNull(self):
        orig = ClassicNull()
        self.assertRaisesRegexp(RuntimeError, 'maximum recursion depth exceeded', self.pickler.dumps, orig)


class FailSaveTest(TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        super(FailSaveTest, self).setUp()
        self.file = StringIO()
        self.pickler = _sPickle.FailSavePickler(self.file, -1)
        self.pickler.get_replacement = self.get_replacement
        self.unpickleable = UnpickleableClass()
        self.get_replacement_called = 0
        self.surrogateFactory = list
        self.expected_surrogate_test = None
        self.expectedException = pickle.PicklingError

    def tearDown(self):
        super(FailSaveTest, self).tearDown()
        self.file = self.pickler = self.unpickleable = None
        self.expected_surrogate_test = self.expectedException = None

    def get_replacement(self, pickler, obj, exception):
        self.get_replacement_called += 1
        self.assertIs(pickler, self.pickler)
        self.assertIsInstance(exception, self.expectedException)
        if obj is self.unpickleable:
            return self.surrogateFactory(self.get_replacement_called, obj)
        self.assertGreater(self.get_replacement_called, 1)
        return exception

    def pickleandunpickle(self, obj, dis=False):
        self.pickler.dump(obj)
        p = self.file.getvalue()
        p = pickletools.optimize(p)
        if dis:
            _sPickle.SPickleTools.dis(p)
            print("len(pickle): ", len(p))
        return pickle.loads(p)

    def testPickleable(self):
        orig = PlainClass('OK')
        obj = self.pickleandunpickle(orig)
        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, PlainClass)
        self.assertTrue(obj.isOk())

    def unpickleable_test(self, dis=False):
        orig = (self.unpickleable, {'unpickleable': self.unpickleable})
        orig[1]['orig'] = orig

        obj = self.pickleandunpickle(orig, dis=dis)

        self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, tuple)
        self.assertEqual(len(obj), 2)
        if self.expected_surrogate_test is None:
            expected_surrogate = self.surrogateFactory(1, orig[0])
            self.assertEqual(obj[0], expected_surrogate)
        else:
            self.expected_surrogate_test(obj[0])
        self.assertIsInstance(obj[1], dict)
        self.assertIs(obj[0], obj[1]['unpickleable'])
        self.assertIs(obj, obj[1]['orig'])

    def testUnplickleableNormalSurrogate(self):
        self.surrogateFactory = lambda x, obj: [x]
        self.unpickleable_test()

    def testUnplickleableNone(self):
        self.surrogateFactory = lambda x, obj: None
        self.unpickleable_test()

    def testUnplickleableRecursive1(self):
        self.surrogateFactory = lambda x, obj: [x, obj]

        def expected_surrogate_test(obj):
            self.assertIsInstance(obj, list)
            self.assertEquals(len(obj), 2)
            self.assertEquals(obj[0], 1)
            self.assertIs(obj[1], obj)
        self.expected_surrogate_test = expected_surrogate_test
        self.unpickleable_test()

    def testUnplickleableRecursive2(self):
        self.surrogateFactory = lambda x, obj: (x, obj)
        # a  tuple can't contain itself -> recursion
        self.assertRaises(_sPickle.RecursionDetectedError, self.unpickleable_test)

    def testUnplickleableObj(self):
        self.surrogateFactory = lambda x, obj: obj
        self.assertRaises(IntentionallyUnpicleableError, self.unpickleable_test)
        self.assertEqual(self.get_replacement_called, 2)

    def testNull(self):
        self.unpickleable = Null()
        self.surrogateFactory = lambda x, obj: [x]
        self.unpickleable_test()

    def testClassicNull(self):
        self.unpickleable = ClassicNull()
        self.surrogateFactory = lambda x, obj: [x]
        self.unpickleable_test()


class SPickleToolsTest(TestCase):
    def testModule_for_globals(self):
        pt = _sPickle.SPickleTools()
        self.assertIs(pt.module_for_globals({}), None)
        self.assertIs(pt.module_for_globals(_sPickle.__dict__), _sPickle)
        self.assertIs(pt.module_for_globals(pt.module_for_globals), _sPickle)
        self.assertIs(pt.module_for_globals(pt.module_for_globals, withDefiningModules=True), _sPickle)

    def testReducer(self):
        rvOrig = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
        reducer = _sPickle.SPickleTools.reducer(*rvOrig)
        self.assertIsInstance(reducer, object)
        rv = reducer.__reduce__()
        self.assertTupleEqual(rv, rvOrig)

        pickler = _sPickle.SPickleTools()
        p = pickler.dumps(_sPickle.SPickleTools.reducer(operator.add, (1, 2)))
        obj = pickler.loads(p)
        self.assertIsInstance(obj, int)
        self.assertEqual(obj, 3)


class ObjectDispatchBuilderTest(TestCase):
    def testBuild(self):
        builder = _sPickle.ObjectDispatchBuilder()

        self.assertDictEqual(builder.object_dispatch, {})
        builder.build()
        self.assertGreater(len(builder.object_dispatch), 220)

    def testCopy(self):
        builder = _sPickle.ObjectDispatchBuilder.get_default_instance()
        builder2 = copy.copy(builder)
        self.assertIs(type(builder), type(builder2))
        self.assertIsNot(builder, builder2)

        self.assertIsNot(builder.object_dispatch, builder2.object_dispatch)
        self.assertIsNot(builder._pending_analysis_queue, builder2._pending_analysis_queue)
        self.assertIsNot(builder.acceptable_module_names, builder2.acceptable_module_names)
        self.assertIsNot(builder._analysed_modules, builder2._analysed_modules)

        self.assertDictEqual(builder.object_dispatch, builder2.object_dispatch)
        self.assertListEqual(builder._pending_analysis_queue, builder2._pending_analysis_queue)
        self.assertSetEqual(builder.acceptable_module_names, builder2.acceptable_module_names)
        self.assertDictEqual(builder._analysed_modules, builder2._analysed_modules)

NT = collections.namedtuple("NT", "a")


class PythonBugsTest(TestCase):
    def testNamedTupleIssue18015(self):
        # test Python 2.7.5 bug http://bugs.python.org/issue18015
        pickle273 = b'\x80\x02c%s\nNT\nK\x01\x85\x81ccollections\nOrderedDict\n]](U\x01aK\x01ea\x85Rb.' % (__name__,)
        try:
            nt = pickle.loads(pickle273)
        except AttributeError:
            self.fail("Python bug http://bugs.python.org/issue18015 detected. See README.txt for a work around.")
        self.assertIsInstance(nt, NT)
        self.assertTupleEqual(nt, (1,))
