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README.md
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---
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<!-- # Spatial457: A Diagnostic Benchmark for 6D Spatial Reasoning of Large Multimodal Models -->
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<h1 align="center">
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<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.08636">
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Spatial457: A Diagnostic Benchmark for 6D Spatial Reasoning of Large Multimodal Models
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</a>
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</h1>
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<p align="center">
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<a href=".">Xingrui Wang</a><sup>1</sup>,
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<a href=".">Wufei Ma</a><sup>1</sup>,
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<a href=".">Tiezheng Zhang</a><sup>1</sup>,
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<a href=".">Celso M de Melo</a><sup>2</sup>,
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<a href=".">Jieneng Chen</a><sup>1</sup>,
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<a href=".">Alan Yuille</a><sup>1</sup>
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</p>
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<p align="center">
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<sup>1</sup> Johns Hopkins University
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<sup>2</sup> DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory
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</p>
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<p align="center">
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<a href="https://xingruiwang.github.io/projects/Spatial457/">Project Page</a> /
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<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.08636">Paper</a> /
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<a href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/RyanWW/Spatial457">🤗 Huggingface</a> /
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<a href="https://github.com/XingruiWang/Spatial457">Code</a>
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</p>
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<p align="center">
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<img src="https://github.com/XingruiWang/Spatial45r/imgs/teaser.png?raw=True" alt="Spatial457 Teaser" width="80%">
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</p>
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<!-- <p align="center"><i>
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Official implementation of the CVPR 2025 (Highlight) paper:
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<strong>Spatial457: A Diagnostic Benchmark for 6D Spatial Reasoning of Large Multimodal Models</strong>
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</i></p> -->
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---
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## 🧠 Introduction
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Spatial457 is a diagnostic benchmark designed to evaluate the 6D spatial reasoning capabilities of large multimodal models (LMMs). It systematically introduces four key capabilities—multi-object understanding, 2D and 3D localization, and 3D orientation—across five difficulty levels and seven question types, progressing from basic recognition to complex physical interaction.
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---
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## 📦 Download
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You can access the full dataset and evaluation toolkit:
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- **Dataset**: [Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/datasets/RyanWW/Spatial457)
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- **Code**: [GitHub Repository](https://github.com/XingruiWang/Spatial457)
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- **Paper**: [arXiv 2502.08636](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.08636)
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---
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## 📊 Benchmark
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We benchmarked a wide range of state-of-the-art models—including GPT-4o, Gemini, Claude, and several open-source LMMs—on all subsets. Performance consistently drops as task difficulty increases. PO3D-VQA and humans remain most robust across all levels.
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The table below summarizes model performance across 7 subsets:
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<!-- Include table image or markdown table here if needed -->
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---
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## 📚 Citation
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```bibtex
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@inproceedings{wang2025spatial457,
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title = {Spatial457: A Diagnostic Benchmark for 6D Spatial Reasoning of Large Multimodal Models},
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author = {Wang, Xingrui and Ma, Wufei and Zhang, Tiezheng and de Melo, Celso M and Chen, Jieneng and Yuille, Alan},
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booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)},
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year = {2025},
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url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.08636}
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}
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