Question: To wash the rubber rings made from the bike inner tube.
Answer: Toss the rubber rings into a bowl with soapy water and wash using hands. Pour out the dirty soapy water and rinse with clean water.<|endoftext|> way to show darcs off to the unison crowd. Shrug. Who knows?

Anonymous said...

You can use seq to force evaluation. For example x `seq` y evaluates x and returns y.

kowey said...

Indeed. Using seq lets me write something a bit nicer: matcher `liftM` now >>= \x -> x `seq` return matcher

Can you think of an even better way to express this? I'm thinking maybe something like foo `seqbind` bar = foo >>= \x -> x `seq` bar

But maybe that's redundant with something simpler and more elegant.

kowey said...

Answered my own question: matcher `liftM` now >>= (`seq` return matcher)<|endoftext|>Tomorrow my son moves back in
bringing inexhaustible items
in large clear sacks
that swallow the floor
like jellyfish claiming
the soft sand along surf.

My younger son’s things,
and his girlfriend’s,
are piled up in the corner.

Constant piling, constant shuffling,
constant marking the month,
then the term, with a new pile,
papers to toss, clothes to sort,
receipts crumbled under sunglasses,
sacred marks.

In the next month of marking,
all will be swept clean again.

A flood will gush through our house
bring muddy stones, weeds, branches,
bits of river life, imbue the air
and then just as quickly the rain
will come down in torrents,
wash it spotless, leaving
no trace of their ever-presence

but just a sterilized hold,
unwelcoming to even us.

Thus the marking continues,
turns round on itself.
Piles self-generate,
river swells, rain cleanses
again. We count the marks,
are drowned, parched
in turn, again.<|endoftext|>Welcome to episode 25 of the Rethink HR podcast, brought to you by bettHR.

In today’s episode, I share four tips on how to become a people-first culture, even if you’re not sure you’re able to influence your entire company’s culture. It starts with deciding what people-first means, if your company actually aligns with being people-first (and what to do if it doesn’t), and how to build into your HR world, employee first thinking and actions.

Not all companies are meant to be people-first cultures. Even though that’s the “cool” thing, and it’s the type of company most of us want to work at, because hello – we’re all people first, but being honest about the type of company you work at is incredibly important in order to create a real culture. And you don’t need to consider “culture” at the company-level only. Consider how you can add more people-first thinking, actions, and communication methods within the department you reside or the group you support.

Bonus tip inside the episode: you already have invested a lot in people-first activities like total rewards, and you may simply be missing the opportunity of communicating it well.

Listen in to learn more!

In This Episode

  • Why most large companies aren’t actually people-first, even though they want to be (or say they are).
  • It’s ok to do great work at a company that doesn’t have a people-first culture.
  • You can create a people-first micro-culture within your own department by implementing these tips.
  • Your employee experience is the best way to ensure you create the culture you want.

Creating a people-first culture doesn't just have to be at the company-level. You can implement these #employeeexperience actions within your own department #HR Click To Tweet

Melissa Anzman (00:00): What does people first mean for you for your company, for your employees? How are we treating them? How are we communicating with them? What benefits are we offering? What support do we have? All those things. I'm Melissa Anzman.

Melissa Anzman (00:13): An HR practitioner turned CEO of a thriving employee experience company, but it wasn't all that long ago that I worked as an HR business partner, responsible for increasing employee engagement at companies nationwide. And I struggled to move the needle, even after trying everything under the sun, fast forward, past many fail tactics and lessons learned. And you'll see how I've been able to crack the code and replicated at companies of all sizes for creating true engagement and doing HR work that matters work that changes the lives of leaders, HR professionals, and employees. By focusing on the employee experience, I created the rethink HR podcast to give you actionable step by step strategies to help you make an impact. If you're an HR leader or one on the rise, who's looking to stop spinning your wheels, doing the same tired activities that aren't driving results, or you want to have a career. You love your in the right place. Let's get started today. I want to talk about

Melissa Anzman (01:16): Something that has really caught fire over the last few years. And it's one of those things that as I speak around HR conferences are now 11 are around at HR conferences or even those questions that I get through social media. In my inbox, everyone has like an urge, a want, a desire, I should say, to understand how to become a people first culture. Now people first is one of those things that sort of spread through the HR community like wild fire beginning about five or 10 years ago. I can't quite put my finger on when it first started, but I do remember thinking that there was a lot of people first thought in all of these new mission statements and culture statements and values and all those things and at its core, I totally understand why, but I'm a little uncertain how this became part of the vernacular.

Melissa Anzman (02:19): Particularly when most companies aren't actually people first companies. So I want to explore a little bit more about how to become and truly people, first company, and also a little note about most companies who aren't people first, because there's a little bit of shame or embarrassment or be re astrogen putting your head in the sand about it that I don't want you to experience, but that is going to be a little later on. Let's start with what being people first actually means. So you've probably heard some culture statements or values or whatever that say things like we put our people first, or we care about our employees or we're committed to a good company culture. Now with that commitment came the now infamous and really, really unhelpful in so many ways idea of employee engagement and surveys and all the things, because we are trying to measure what our employees think and feel about our company culture based off of off the shelf questions and standards.

Melissa Anzman (03:22): And, you know, I can talk all about employee engagement surveys. In fact, in episode 24 of the rethink HR podcast, I go into that deep of how they can work for you and why most don't. But I digress because with the employee engagement survey phenomenon thing, whenever that came into the scene, I don't know, 2015, 20 years ago, we also started building in people first because there were a lot of questions in those surveys that made us think about our own culture and about how much we really are, or aren't putting our employees, our people first at the center of what it is that we do. And the thing is, is there's been definite meaningful shifts toward creating better work environments, a hundred percent. There's definitely a focus that your employees are important. Having them be at work. Um, the whole idea of happiness at work don't get me started.

Melissa Anzman (04:23): All of that has definitely happened. And the work environment is better than it was 20 years ago when this started for sure. And we've also worked on retaining employees. We've even thought of it as a thing, since this came on the scene and we do this so many ways that help our employees, things like providing them different benefits, perks, freedoms, all the things. And we even changed our department's name from personnel to human resources to help us become more human, which again, I get totally rant about. So I won't, but the point here is as we started being more cognizant about our employees, as people, as humans, and that has led us down the path of wanting to become more people, centric cultures in general, but a lot of companies really stalled out because the thing is, is they have realized that perhaps the investment in people first doesn't match the actual goals of the company or the stakeholder goals or bottom line, all those things, the ROI we talk about, and also the money that we put in for things like employee engagement surveys, um, maybe total rewards packages that they just aren't moving the needle any further.

Melissa Anzman (05:41): They're not having enough of a bang for buck type of conversation to get us to the hump of it being something we actually focused on. And also let's be clear the economy, whether it's good or bad plays

 way to show darcs off to the unison crowd. Shrug. Who knows?

Anonymous said...

You can use seq to force evaluation. For example x `seq` y evaluates x and returns y.

kowey said...

Indeed. Using seq lets me write something a bit nicer: matcher `liftM` now >>= \x -> x `seq` return matcher

Can you think of an even better way to express this? I'm thinking maybe something like foo `seqbind` bar = foo >>= \x -> x `seq` bar

But maybe that's redundant with something simpler and more elegant.

kowey said...

Answered my own question: matcher `liftM` now >>= (`seq` return matcher)<|endoftext|>Tomorrow my son moves back in
bringing inexhaustible items
in large clear sacks
that swallow the floor
like jellyfish claiming
the soft sand along surf.

My younger son’s things,
and his girlfriend’s,
are piled up in the corner.

Constant piling, constant shuffling,
constant marking the month,
then the term, with a new pile,
papers to toss, clothes to sort,
receipts crumbled under sunglasses,
sacred marks.

In the next month of marking,
all will be swept clean again.

A flood will gush through our house
bring muddy stones, weeds, branches,
bits of river life, imbue the air
and then just as quickly the rain
will come down in torrents,
wash it spotless, leaving
no trace of their ever-presence

but just a sterilized hold,
unwelcoming to even us.

Thus the marking continues,
turns round on itself.
Piles self-generate,
river swells, rain cleanses
again. We count the marks,
are drowned, parched
in turn, again.<|endoftext|>Welcome to episode 25 of the Rethink HR podcast, brought to you by bettHR.

In today’s episode, I share four tips on how to become a people-first culture, even if you’re not sure you’re able to influence your entire company’s culture. It starts with deciding what people-first means, if your company actually aligns with being people-first (and what to do if it doesn’t), and how to build into your HR world, employee first thinking and actions.

Not all companies are meant to be people-first cultures. Even though that’s the “cool” thing, and it’s the type of company most of us want to work at, because hello – we’re all people first, but being honest about the type of company you work at is incredibly important in order to create a real culture. And you don’t need to consider “culture” at the company-level only. Consider how you can add more people-first thinking, actions, and communication methods within the department you reside or the group you support.

Bonus tip inside the episode: you already have invested a lot in people-first activities like total rewards, and you may simply be missing the opportunity of communicating it well.

Listen in to learn more!

In This Episode

  • Why most large companies aren’t actually people-first, even though they want to be (or say they are).
  • It’s ok to do great work at a company that doesn’t have a people-first culture.
  • You can create a people-first micro-culture within your own department by implementing these tips.
  • Your employee experience is the best way to ensure you create the culture you want.

Creating a people-first culture doesn't just have to be at the company-level. You can implement these #employeeexperience actions within your own department #HR Click To Tweet

Melissa Anzman (00:00): What does people first mean for you for your company, for your employees? How are we treating them? How are we communicating with them? What benefits are we offering? What support do we have? All those things. I'm Melissa Anzman.

Melissa Anzman (00:13): An HR practitioner turned CEO of a thriving employee experience company, but it wasn't all that long ago that I worked as an HR business partner, responsible for increasing employee engagement at companies nationwide. And I struggled to move the needle, even after trying everything under the sun, fast forward, past many fail tactics and lessons learned. And you'll see how I've been able to crack the code and replicated at companies of all sizes for creating true engagement and doing HR work that matters work that changes the lives of leaders, HR professionals, and employees. By focusing on the employee experience, I created the rethink HR podcast to give you actionable step by step strategies to help you make an impact. If you're an HR leader or one on the rise, who's looking to stop spinning your wheels, doing the same tired activities that aren't driving results, or you want to have a career. You love your in the right place. Let's get started today. I want to talk about

Melissa Anzman (01:16): Something that has really caught fire over the last few years. And it's one of those things that as I speak around HR conferences are now 11 are around at HR conferences or even those questions that I get through social media. In my inbox, everyone has like an urge, a want, a desire, I should say, to understand how to become a people first culture. Now people first is one of those things that sort of spread through the HR community like wild fire beginning about five or 10 years ago. I can't quite put my finger on when it first started, but I do remember thinking that there was a lot of people first thought in all of these new mission statements and culture statements and values and all those things and at its core, I totally understand why, but I'm a little uncertain how this became part of the vernacular.

Melissa Anzman (02:19): Particularly when most companies aren't actually people first companies. So I want to explore a little bit more about how to become and truly people, first company, and also a little note about most companies who aren't people first, because there's a little bit of shame or embarrassment or be re astrogen putting your head in the sand about it that I don't want you to experience, but that is going to be a little later on. Let's start with what being people first actually means. So you've probably heard some culture statements or values or whatever that say things like we put our people first, or we care about our employees or we're committed to a good company culture. Now with that commitment came the now infamous and really, really unhelpful in so many ways idea of employee engagement and surveys and all the things, because we are trying to measure what our employees think and feel about our company culture based off of off the shelf questions and standards.

Melissa Anzman (03:22): And, you know, I can talk all about employee engagement surveys. In fact, in episode 24 of the rethink HR podcast, I go into that deep of how they can work for you and why most don't. But I digress because with the employee engagement survey phenomenon thing, whenever that came into the scene, I don't know, 2015, 20 years ago, we also started building in people first because there were a lot of questions in those surveys that made us think about our own culture and about how much we really are, or aren't putting our employees, our people first at the center of what it is that we do. And the thing is, is there's been definite meaningful shifts toward creating better work environments, a hundred percent. There's definitely a focus that your employees are important. Having them be at work. Um, the whole idea of happiness at work don't get me started.

Melissa Anzman (04:23): All of that has definitely happened. And the work environment is better than it was 20 years ago when this started for sure. And we've also worked on retaining employees. We've even thought of it as a thing, since this came on the scene and we do this so many ways that help our employees, things like providing them different benefits, perks, freedoms, all the things. And we even changed our department's name from personnel to human resources to help us become more human, which again, I get totally rant about. So I won't, but the point here is as we started being more cognizant about our employees, as people, as humans, and that has led us down the path of wanting to become more people, centric cultures in general, but a lot of companies really stalled out because the thing is, is they have realized that perhaps the investment in people first doesn't match the actual goals of the company or the stakeholder goals or bottom line, all those things, the ROI we talk about, and also the money that we put in for things like employee engagement surveys, um, maybe total rewards packages that they just aren't moving the needle any further.

Melissa Anzman (05:41): They're not having enough of a bang for buck type of conversation to get us to the hump of it being something we actually focused on. And also let's be clear the economy, whether it's good or bad plays a role in this because in a good economy, it's really hard to find qualified candidates and people, right? There's tight job market in general are the best people are going to be super choosy. And so we are going to


Question: Avoid mirror cleaning streaks.
Answer: Wipe with sheet of newspaper.<|endoftext|> of Western imperial expansion, the new ideas spread beyond the West, though their impact abroad was not the same as at home.(Ref. 18)

377 spread, but not on its own. It was only one article in a comprehensive ‘code’ designed to state in an orderly, rational way, the complete body of criminal law. Continental European law is characterized by codes, while judge-made British ‘common law’ is found in innumerable court rulings, supplemented by specific statutes. A move to codes would have been a major change in Britain.

Criminal law reform and the drafting of criminal codes took place for Britain and for India in the same period. This was a parallel process (though the results were different). The Indian Penal Code was not a British code exported to India. But it was British law exported to India.

The 19th century was a period of major criminal law reform in the United Kingdom. British criminal law was a mess, in need of major reform and rationalization. Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill and the Utilitarians had strong ideas on law reform and codification:

Bentham and Mill envisioned a series of codes on every area of the law; so instead of relying on caselaw and independent digests, the entire corpus of legal knowledge would be written down in one source, in a concise, easy to read form. Moreover, codification would end the corruptive monopoly enjoyed by the legal profession. The common man would no longer have to depend on profit-hungry lawyers and magistrates to protect his rights. This cure-all approach [was] typical of the Utilitarians…(Ref. 19)

Macaulay favoured many Benthamite principles of procedure as well: oral pleadings, jurisdiction of courts based on issue not pecuniary amounts, appeals on questions of law only, and no new evidence admissible on appeal.(Ref. 20)

These reforms may sound obvious. But in terms of 19th century British law, they were revolutionary.

Jeremy Bentham launched the 19th century codification movement in the English speaking world.(Ref. 21) The codes followed Bentham’s ideas on form and procedure. Bentham would have been no supporter of Article 337 or its kin. In 1785 Bentham wrote an essay titled Offences Against One’s Self in which he argued that there was no justification for the criminalization of same sex acts. He was unwilling to make public his opinions on the matter and the essay remained unpublished for almost 200 years, emerging finally in 1978.(Ref. 22) It stands as one of the earliest written defenses of homosexuality in English. Only recently has an earlier defense been located, Thomas Cannon’s text of 1749.(Ref. 23)

How did criminal law reform proceed in Britain and India? As the 19th century progressed, at least five draft criminal codes were completed. Why so many? We see the dynamic impact of Bentham and the Utilitarians on 19th century legal thinking.

What reform is needed? We need a code! How to make your mark? Draft a code!

Bentham, himself, wrote to governments in the United States and Europe seeking commissions to draft codes. He was spurned. Others were honored. Two royal commissions were established to propose criminal law reform in Britain.

The first Royal Commission sat from 1832 to 1845, and published eight reports. The second Royal Commission was convened in 1845 and during its five-year tenure published five reports. Both Commissions completed a criminal code, in 1843 and 1848, respectively.(Ref. 24)

Parliament approved the Indian Penal Code in 1860, drafted by Thomas Babington Macauley and the Indian Law Commisssion. When it came into force in 1862 it was the first criminal code in force in the British Empire. In the early 1870s the British Colonial Office asked R. S. Wright, a barrister, later a judge, to draft a criminal code for Jamaica that could serve as a model for all the colonies.

In the late 1870s the Lord Chancellor’s Office asked James Fitzjames Stephen to prepare a code. It was introduced into Parliament in a Ministerial Bill in 1878. A revised bill was introduced in parliament in 1879 and 1880. It was never enacted. Stephen’s draft was very influential overseas. It was adopted in Canada. It formed a basis for the Queensland code of 1899, which was influential in Africa.

In 1887, William Gladstone, the greatest statesman of 19th century Britain, wrote that one of the leading achievements of previous decades had been the fact that “the disgusting criminal code” had been cast aside.(Ref.25) Of course, it had not been a code. And it was not replaced by a code (that is a systematic statute). Reform took place piecemeal, by a number of statutes. To this day British criminal law is uncodified.

…India was the ‘brightest jewel in the imperial crown’ and the core of British global strategic thinking precisely because of her very real importance to the British economy. This was never greater than at this time [1875-1914], when anything up to 60 per cent of British cotton exports went to Indian and the Far East, to which India was the key – 40-45 per cent went to India alone – and when the international balance of payments of Britain hinged on the payments surplus which India provided.(Ref. 26)

While the East India Company had been active in India for many years, formal governmental power dates to 1764 when the Company gained rights of governance over Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. In 1803 the Mughul emperor accepted British “protection.” British India had gradually come into being, along with suzerain rights over the many Princely States that retained some autonomy.

Britain was now in the position to undertake law reform for India. Following the pattern newly established for domestic law reform at home, Parliament established an Indian Law Commission in 1833. Thomas Babington Macaulay was appointed to chair the Commission.

Macaulay was the son of Zachary Macauley, a British Colonial governor and abolitionist. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. He became a Member of Parliament in 1830. He traveled to India in 1834. Due to the illness of other commissioners, the draft Indian Penal Code of 1837 was largely his work. Macaulay’s draft was not immediately accepted. Twenty-three years passed, during which his work was reviewed and assessed by the Commission and the Supreme Court judges in Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras.

The Indian Mutiny broke out in 1857, a serious challenge to British power. One basic message of the Mutiny was the risk Britain faced if it challenged local religions and customs. Britain had allowed Christian missionaries to work in India, and this was resented. In 1858, after the Mutiny, Queen Victoria issued a proclamation that explicitly renounced “the right and the desire to impose Our convictions on any of Our subjects”. The East India Company was wound up and India began to be ruled by the Crown, represented by a Viceroy.

In 1860 the Indian Penal Code was enacted, coming into force in 1862. But, in spite of coming after the Indian Mutiny, it was not a document that reflected Indian laws and customs. It had many of the features of the 1843 British Royal Commission’s draft code.

Without a doubt, the structures and organization of the Indian and English codes was virtually identical. Criminal offences are divided into chapters according to classes, such as offences against the state, offences against public justice, and offences against the public tranquility. Each offence, along with related lesser offences, was defined, followed by the appropriate punishments and exceptions.

… In fact, the Indian and English codes differed in structure and organization in only one significant way; the English codes did not include Illustrations. Illustrations were hypothetical fact situations that showed how a particular section operated. The Royal Commission attached notes to their draft codes, and hypotheticals were naturally used in the notes to clarify certain points, but the Royal Commission never seriously contemplated including Illustrations in the actual code. … Illustrations in a criminal code made sense only for India, at that time. India did not have a formal body of caselaw, so hypothetical factual situations served the same function as English common law.(Ref. 27)

Macaulay said that the substance of his code was wholly original. Despite Macaulay’s professions to the contrary, his contemporaries did not consider his Code a revolutionary departure from English law. Macaulay’s code was submitted to Supreme court judges in Bombay, Calcutta and Madras. Their comments were forwarded to Charles Hay Cameron and Daniel Elliot, Indian Law Commissioners, who issued two exhaustive reports in 1847 and 1848. In the 1848 report, the two Commissioners compared the 1837 Indian Code to the Royal Commission’s 1843 Code, with the intention of amending the former whenever it differed from the latter; however, no unacceptable differences were found and the 1837 Indian Code’s implementation was recommended with relatively few amendments. Reacting to Macaulay’s claim that his Code was not based on any existing legal system Hay and Cameron reported that with certain tolerable exceptions, the Indian Code departed very little from substantial principles of English law. Macaulay’s claims of originality were rejected out of hand: “The novelty … is more imaginary than real, and is to be found more in form than in substance.”(Ref. 28)

Within two decades most of India’s law was codified, both criminal and civil. In contrast Britain enacted a series of criminal reform statutes, but no

 of Western imperial expansion, the new ideas spread beyond the West, though their impact abroad was not the same as at home.(Ref. 18)

377 spread, but not on its own. It was only one article in a comprehensive ‘code’ designed to state in an orderly, rational way, the complete body of criminal law. Continental European law is characterized by codes, while judge-made British ‘common law’ is found in innumerable court rulings, supplemented by specific statutes. A move to codes would have been a major change in Britain.

Criminal law reform and the drafting of criminal codes took place for Britain and for India in the same period. This was a parallel process (though the results were different). The Indian Penal Code was not a British code exported to India. But it was British law exported to India.

The 19th century was a period of major criminal law reform in the United Kingdom. British criminal law was a mess, in need of major reform and rationalization. Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill and the Utilitarians had strong ideas on law reform and codification:

Bentham and Mill envisioned a series of codes on every area of the law; so instead of relying on caselaw and independent digests, the entire corpus of legal knowledge would be written down in one source, in a concise, easy to read form. Moreover, codification would end the corruptive monopoly enjoyed by the legal profession. The common man would no longer have to depend on profit-hungry lawyers and magistrates to protect his rights. This cure-all approach [was] typical of the Utilitarians…(Ref. 19)

Macaulay favoured many Benthamite principles of procedure as well: oral pleadings, jurisdiction of courts based on issue not pecuniary amounts, appeals on questions of law only, and no new evidence admissible on appeal.(Ref. 20)

These reforms may sound obvious. But in terms of 19th century British law, they were revolutionary.

Jeremy Bentham launched the 19th century codification movement in the English speaking world.(Ref. 21) The codes followed Bentham’s ideas on form and procedure. Bentham would have been no supporter of Article 337 or its kin. In 1785 Bentham wrote an essay titled Offences Against One’s Self in which he argued that there was no justification for the criminalization of same sex acts. He was unwilling to make public his opinions on the matter and the essay remained unpublished for almost 200 years, emerging finally in 1978.(Ref. 22) It stands as one of the earliest written defenses of homosexuality in English. Only recently has an earlier defense been located, Thomas Cannon’s text of 1749.(Ref. 23)

How did criminal law reform proceed in Britain and India? As the 19th century progressed, at least five draft criminal codes were completed. Why so many? We see the dynamic impact of Bentham and the Utilitarians on 19th century legal thinking.

What reform is needed? We need a code! How to make your mark? Draft a code!

Bentham, himself, wrote to governments in the United States and Europe seeking commissions to draft codes. He was spurned. Others were honored. Two royal commissions were established to propose criminal law reform in Britain.

The first Royal Commission sat from 1832 to 1845, and published eight reports. The second Royal Commission was convened in 1845 and during its five-year tenure published five reports. Both Commissions completed a criminal code, in 1843 and 1848, respectively.(Ref. 24)

Parliament approved the Indian Penal Code in 1860, drafted by Thomas Babington Macauley and the Indian Law Commisssion. When it came into force in 1862 it was the first criminal code in force in the British Empire. In the early 1870s the British Colonial Office asked R. S. Wright, a barrister, later a judge, to draft a criminal code for Jamaica that could serve as a model for all the colonies.

In the late 1870s the Lord Chancellor’s Office asked James Fitzjames Stephen to prepare a code. It was introduced into Parliament in a Ministerial Bill in 1878. A revised bill was introduced in parliament in 1879 and 1880. It was never enacted. Stephen’s draft was very influential overseas. It was adopted in Canada. It formed a basis for the Queensland code of 1899, which was influential in Africa.

In 1887, William Gladstone, the greatest statesman of 19th century Britain, wrote that one of the leading achievements of previous decades had been the fact that “the disgusting criminal code” had been cast aside.(Ref.25) Of course, it had not been a code. And it was not replaced by a code (that is a systematic statute). Reform took place piecemeal, by a number of statutes. To this day British criminal law is uncodified.

…India was the ‘brightest jewel in the imperial crown’ and the core of British global strategic thinking precisely because of her very real importance to the British economy. This was never greater than at this time [1875-1914], when anything up to 60 per cent of British cotton exports went to Indian and the Far East, to which India was the key – 40-45 per cent went to India alone – and when the international balance of payments of Britain hinged on the payments surplus which India provided.(Ref. 26)

While the East India Company had been active in India for many years, formal governmental power dates to 1764 when the Company gained rights of governance over Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. In 1803 the Mughul emperor accepted British “protection.” British India had gradually come into being, along with suzerain rights over the many Princely States that retained some autonomy.

Britain was now in the position to undertake law reform for India. Following the pattern newly established for domestic law reform at home, Parliament established an Indian Law Commission in 1833. Thomas Babington Macaulay was appointed to chair the Commission.

Macaulay was the son of Zachary Macauley, a British Colonial governor and abolitionist. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. He became a Member of Parliament in 1830. He traveled to India in 1834. Due to the illness of other commissioners, the draft Indian Penal Code of 1837 was largely his work. Macaulay’s draft was not immediately accepted. Twenty-three years passed, during which his work was reviewed and assessed by the Commission and the Supreme Court judges in Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras.

The Indian Mutiny broke out in 1857, a serious challenge to British power. One basic message of the Mutiny was the risk Britain faced if it challenged local religions and customs. Britain had allowed Christian missionaries to work in India, and this was resented. In 1858, after the Mutiny, Queen Victoria issued a proclamation that explicitly renounced “the right and the desire to impose Our convictions on any of Our subjects”. The East India Company was wound up and India began to be ruled by the Crown, represented by a Viceroy.

In 1860 the Indian Penal Code was enacted, coming into force in 1862. But, in spite of coming after the Indian Mutiny, it was not a document that reflected Indian laws and customs. It had many of the features of the 1843 British Royal Commission’s draft code.

Without a doubt, the structures and organization of the Indian and English codes was virtually identical. Criminal offences are divided into chapters according to classes, such as offences against the state, offences against public justice, and offences against the public tranquility. Each offence, along with related lesser offences, was defined, followed by the appropriate punishments and exceptions.

… In fact, the Indian and English codes differed in structure and organization in only one significant way; the English codes did not include Illustrations. Illustrations were hypothetical fact situations that showed how a particular section operated. The Royal Commission attached notes to their draft codes, and hypotheticals were naturally used in the notes to clarify certain points, but the Royal Commission never seriously contemplated including Illustrations in the actual code. … Illustrations in a criminal code made sense only for India, at that time. India did not have a formal body of caselaw, so hypothetical factual situations served the same function as English common law.(Ref. 27)

Macaulay said that the substance of his code was wholly original. Despite Macaulay’s professions to the contrary, his contemporaries did not consider his Code a revolutionary departure from English law. Macaulay’s code was submitted to Supreme court judges in Bombay, Calcutta and Madras. Their comments were forwarded to Charles Hay Cameron and Daniel Elliot, Indian Law Commissioners, who issued two exhaustive reports in 1847 and 1848. In the 1848 report, the two Commissioners compared the 1837 Indian Code to the Royal Commission’s 1843 Code, with the intention of amending the former whenever it differed from the latter; however, no unacceptable differences were found and the 1837 Indian Code’s implementation was recommended with relatively few amendments. Reacting to Macaulay’s claim that his Code was not based on any existing legal system Hay and Cameron reported that with certain tolerable exceptions, the Indian Code departed very little from substantial principles of English law. Macaulay’s claims of originality were rejected out of hand: “The novelty … is more imaginary than real, and is to be found more in form than in substance.”(Ref. 28)

Within two decades most of India’s law was codified, both criminal and civil. In contrast Britain enacted a series of criminal reform statutes, but no criminal code. The appeal of statutory codes for India was very strong. Areas of law were systematically


 boxing, seasoned with hip-hop and some electric boogaloo. The accents may have been Chinese, but the cadences were rap. Laughs came at the expense of the Chinese opera-style kung fu fighter, R. Scott Parker, who mimed and mugged and also whipped off astonishing kicks and leaps and landed in a dazzling split.

Ho, Margraff, and director Mira Kingsley seem to want to mobilize a saga of intrigue among a new crop of cross-cultural, interspecies kung fu superheroes, but they're outgunned by the sheer physical prowess of their cast. This "martial arts ballet" works as spectacle but never resolves into coherent storytelling. It's a picaresque tale populated by local martial arts champs with a jones for theater and an eye on the action-adventure film market. So far, Once Upon a Time has the charmingly ditsy flavor of a community theater production ("Wow!" exclaims the narrator after a deft stretch of capoeira-inflected kickboxing). Perhaps as its creators buff their tale prior to their upcoming national tour, they'll manage to endow it with more significant form. —Elizabeth Zimmer

A related festival of martial arts on film, "Dance of the Dragon," continues at the BAMcinématek through December 16. On Thursday at BAMcafé Live, Ho and Margraff show excerpts from Night Vision: Vampyre Opera, a piece inspired in part by Hong Kong action cinema.

My Voice Nation Help<|endoftext|>Allegedly Drunk Man Drives to Police Station in Mississauga to Dispute Drunkenness

A 32-year-old man is facing impaired driving charges after attempting to prove to friends and police that he was not, in fact, intoxicated.

Peel police recently took to Twitter to share a bizarre story about a Caledon man who allegedly drove to a Mississauga police station while intoxicated to prove that he was not impaired.

Police say he was actually in no shape to operate a vehicle.

“Yesterday, after consuming alcoholic beverages at a bar, a male drove to 12 Division in Mississauga to prove to his friends that he was not impaired,” police wrote on Twitter.

“Turns out he was,” police allege.

Police say the man in question has been charged with impaired driving related offences.

Your Comments<|endoftext|>Passenger pigeon newspaper article, 1911

Passenger pigeon newspaper article, 1911

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Caption: Passenger pigeon newspaper article, 1911. Cuttings from The Appeal, a newspaper published in St. Paul, Minneapolis, USA. The article reports on the last surviving Passenger Pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius), Martha, who lived in Cincinnati Zoo. Passenger Pigeons were once one of the most numerous birds in the world. Extensive hunting and habitat destruction over North America during the 19th and early 20th Centuries contributed to the extinction of the species. Martha died 1st September 1914.

Keywords: 1911, 20th century, american, animal, archive, bird, black-and-white, clipping, cutting, ectopistes migratorius, extinct, extinction, fauna, historical, history, hunted, last, lonely, minneapolis, newspaper, north america, old, passenger pigeon, solitary, species decline, st. paul, united states, usa, wildlife, wiped out
<|endoftext|>Question: How can I protect a board from burn marks while etching?
Answer: Cover both sides of the board with tape.<|endoftext|>14 August 2013

by David Edgerley Gates

We were just walking out of CASABLANCA, the new picture starring Ronald Reagan and Ann Sheridan....
I always thought this would be a cool opening line for a story, setting up the alternate history angle from the get-go. (There are plenty of these might-have-beens. The original casting Peckinpah wanted for THE WILD BUNCH, for example, was Lee Marvin and Brian Keith.) In the case of CASABLANCA, though, this was a misleading Warners PR plant: Bogart always had a lock on the part.

Alternate history is an interesting genre, usually lying somewhere on the outskirts of SF or even fantasy. The first one I remember reading was packaged in an Ace double novel, and I've forgotten the title, to my chagrin, but the premise was that the Spanish Armada had successfully invaded England, so Spain became the dominant European and New World power for the next four centuries. Often the key to alternate history is just such a defining event. If typhus hadn't ravaged Hannibal's armies in Italy, Rome would have remained a provincial backwater, and Carthage taken control of the Mediterranean trade routes.

What if the Germans had won WWII? This being an enduring subset of the genre, and a fascinating one. Len Deighton's SS-GB takes place in an occupied Great Britain, after the RAF loses the air war. Robert Harris hit the ground running with FATHERLAND, an enormously spooky thriller, hinging on the plausibility that all evidence of the Holocaust could be destroyed, and the memory of mass murder erased from the historical record. The precursor of both these books is Philip K. Dick's THE MAN IN THE HIGH CASTLE.

Japan occupies the West Coast, to the Rockies, Germany the East Coast, to the Mississippi. A weak buffer state exists between them. The engine of the story is the struggle of the two great Axis powers against each other, worldwide, a Cold War that's about blow wide open, and there are also factions and succession rivalries, inside the Reich. The conspiracies, though, are the backdrop to more intimate and familiar characters, and the mechanisms they develop for living in a police state---the Japanese hegemony is nowhere near as brutal, on a daily basis, as the German.

Three dramatic devices surface and resurface all through the book. The first is historicity, the quality an object or an artifact has to absorb and embody the past, a Zippo lighter Franklin Roosevelt may have had in his pocket, say, when he was assassinated in 1932. The play between the counterfeit and the authentic mirrors the storyline. Are we imagining all this? (And there's a huge black market in fakes, such as Zippo lighters.) The second meta-device is a novel within the novel, an alternate history, in which the Allies turn out to have won the war. But this fiction isn't quite the world as we now know it, either. It's skewed in other, odd ways, so again, 'reality,' or authenticity, is slippery, a construct, really, and not immutable. This idea is doubled on itself with the third device, which I think is utterly inspired. Every character in the book consults the I CHING, and the fall of the yarrow stalks or the coins establishes fate. In fact (or, in 'fact'), the novel within the novel is written using the I CHING, each fictional historical development a roll of the dice, in effect. Or to put it another way, pay every attention to the man behind the curtain.

None of this is meant to suggest THE MAN IN THE HIGH CASTLE is self-indulgent, or some elaborate post-modernist prank. It's mischievous, and often deceptive, but always highly entertaining, and entertains the unexpected. Nobody in the story is flat, or arbitrary. Everybody holds their own as a fully-fleshed person, and each of them holds their own future in trust, however the yarrow stalks may fall. The great strength of the book is probably that character is fate, and nothing is fated. There will always be defining events, but history is accident. The choices we make are only inevitable in hindsight. For there to be an alternate reality, we have to decide first which fiction we believe.

  1. History is accident, passion, coincidence, obsession, madness, and, of course, the pursuit of happiness. I love alternate histories, and one of the assignments my students got was to pick from a list of alternative histories and write (1) what really happened, (2) what would have happened if this (Hitler got accepted to the Vienna Art Institute) really had happened, (3) and would it really have made a difference in what we see around us today? It was one of the most popular assignments, and I got some great papers out of it.

  2. A fun post!

    Two of my favorite novels in the "alternate reality" genre are Ward Moore's 1953 Bring the Jubilee, which re-imagines the south winning the Civil War based on it's defining win at Gettysburg, and Heinlein's Job, which (seriatim) re-imagines almost everything with reality changing every chapter.

  3. I've liked some of the alternate realities too, and as you say several hinge on Hitler winning the war. One of the most chilling ones (I've forgotten title and author) hid

 was kung fu, tai chi, and boxing, seasoned with hip-hop and some electric boogaloo. The accents may have been Chinese, but the cadences were rap. Laughs came at the expense of the Chinese opera-style kung fu fighter, R. Scott Parker, who mimed and mugged and also whipped off astonishing kicks and leaps and landed in a dazzling split.

Ho, Margraff, and director Mira Kingsley seem to want to mobilize a saga of intrigue among a new crop of cross-cultural, interspecies kung fu superheroes, but they're outgunned by the sheer physical prowess of their cast. This "martial arts ballet" works as spectacle but never resolves into coherent storytelling. It's a picaresque tale populated by local martial arts champs with a jones for theater and an eye on the action-adventure film market. So far, Once Upon a Time has the charmingly ditsy flavor of a community theater production ("Wow!" exclaims the narrator after a deft stretch of capoeira-inflected kickboxing). Perhaps as its creators buff their tale prior to their upcoming national tour, they'll manage to endow it with more significant form. —Elizabeth Zimmer

A related festival of martial arts on film, "Dance of the Dragon," continues at the BAMcinématek through December 16. On Thursday at BAMcafé Live, Ho and Margraff show excerpts from Night Vision: Vampyre Opera, a piece inspired in part by Hong Kong action cinema.

My Voice Nation Help<|endoftext|>Allegedly Drunk Man Drives to Police Station in Mississauga to Dispute Drunkenness

A 32-year-old man is facing impaired driving charges after attempting to prove to friends and police that he was not, in fact, intoxicated.

Peel police recently took to Twitter to share a bizarre story about a Caledon man who allegedly drove to a Mississauga police station while intoxicated to prove that he was not impaired.

Police say he was actually in no shape to operate a vehicle.

“Yesterday, after consuming alcoholic beverages at a bar, a male drove to 12 Division in Mississauga to prove to his friends that he was not impaired,” police wrote on Twitter.

“Turns out he was,” police allege.

Police say the man in question has been charged with impaired driving related offences.

Your Comments<|endoftext|>Passenger pigeon newspaper article, 1911

Passenger pigeon newspaper article, 1911

C019/6341 Rights Managed

Request low-res file

530 pixels on longest edge, unwatermarked

Request/Download high-res file

Uncompressed file size: 50.2MB

Downloadable file size: 3.1MB

Price image Pricing

Please login to use the price calculator

This image is part of the feature Wiped out by man

Caption: Passenger pigeon newspaper article, 1911. Cuttings from The Appeal, a newspaper published in St. Paul, Minneapolis, USA. The article reports on the last surviving Passenger Pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius), Martha, who lived in Cincinnati Zoo. Passenger Pigeons were once one of the most numerous birds in the world. Extensive hunting and habitat destruction over North America during the 19th and early 20th Centuries contributed to the extinction of the species. Martha died 1st September 1914.

Keywords: 1911, 20th century, american, animal, archive, bird, black-and-white, clipping, cutting, ectopistes migratorius, extinct, extinction, fauna, historical, history, hunted, last, lonely, minneapolis, newspaper, north america, old, passenger pigeon, solitary, species decline, st. paul, united states, usa, wildlife, wiped out
<|endoftext|>14 August 2013

by David Edgerley Gates

We were just walking out of CASABLANCA, the new picture starring Ronald Reagan and Ann Sheridan....
I always thought this would be a cool opening line for a story, setting up the alternate history angle from the get-go. (There are plenty of these might-have-beens. The original casting Peckinpah wanted for THE WILD BUNCH, for example, was Lee Marvin and Brian Keith.) In the case of CASABLANCA, though, this was a misleading Warners PR plant: Bogart always had a lock on the part.

Alternate history is an interesting genre, usually lying somewhere on the outskirts of SF or even fantasy. The first one I remember reading was packaged in an Ace double novel, and I've forgotten the title, to my chagrin, but the premise was that the Spanish Armada had successfully invaded England, so Spain became the dominant European and New World power for the next four centuries. Often the key to alternate history is just such a defining event. If typhus hadn't ravaged Hannibal's armies in Italy, Rome would have remained a provincial backwater, and Carthage taken control of the Mediterranean trade routes.

What if the Germans had won WWII? This being an enduring subset of the genre, and a fascinating one. Len Deighton's SS-GB takes place in an occupied Great Britain, after the RAF loses the air war. Robert Harris hit the ground running with FATHERLAND, an enormously spooky thriller, hinging on the plausibility that all evidence of the Holocaust could be destroyed, and the memory of mass murder erased from the historical record. The precursor of both these books is Philip K. Dick's THE MAN IN THE HIGH CASTLE.

Japan occupies the West Coast, to the Rockies, Germany the East Coast, to the Mississippi. A weak buffer state exists between them. The engine of the story is the struggle of the two great Axis powers against each other, worldwide, a Cold War that's about blow wide open, and there are also factions and succession rivalries, inside the Reich. The conspiracies, though, are the backdrop to more intimate and familiar characters, and the mechanisms they develop for living in a police state---the Japanese hegemony is nowhere near as brutal, on a daily basis, as the German.

Three dramatic devices surface and resurface all through the book. The first is historicity, the quality an object or an artifact has to absorb and embody the past, a Zippo lighter Franklin Roosevelt may have had in his pocket, say, when he was assassinated in 1932. The play between the counterfeit and the authentic mirrors the storyline. Are we imagining all this? (And there's a huge black market in fakes, such as Zippo lighters.) The second meta-device is a novel within the novel, an alternate history, in which the Allies turn out to have won the war. But this fiction isn't quite the world as we now know it, either. It's skewed in other, odd ways, so again, 'reality,' or authenticity, is slippery, a construct, really, and not immutable. This idea is doubled on itself with the third device, which I think is utterly inspired. Every character in the book consults the I CHING, and the fall of the yarrow stalks or the coins establishes fate. In fact (or, in 'fact'), the novel within the novel is written using the I CHING, each fictional historical development a roll of the dice, in effect. Or to put it another way, pay every attention to the man behind the curtain.

None of this is meant to suggest THE MAN IN THE HIGH CASTLE is self-indulgent, or some elaborate post-modernist prank. It's mischievous, and often deceptive, but always highly entertaining, and entertains the unexpected. Nobody in the story is flat, or arbitrary. Everybody holds their own as a fully-fleshed person, and each of them holds their own future in trust, however the yarrow stalks may fall. The great strength of the book is probably that character is fate, and nothing is fated. There will always be defining events, but history is accident. The choices we make are only inevitable in hindsight. For there to be an alternate reality, we have to decide first which fiction we believe.

  1. History is accident, passion, coincidence, obsession, madness, and, of course, the pursuit of happiness. I love alternate histories, and one of the assignments my students got was to pick from a list of alternative histories and write (1) what really happened, (2) what would have happened if this (Hitler got accepted to the Vienna Art Institute) really had happened, (3) and would it really have made a difference in what we see around us today? It was one of the most popular assignments, and I got some great papers out of it.

  2. A fun post!

    Two of my favorite novels in the "alternate reality" genre are Ward Moore's 1953 Bring the Jubilee, which re-imagines the south winning the Civil War based on it's defining win at Gettysburg, and Heinlein's Job, which (seriatim) re-imagines almost everything with reality changing every chapter.

  3. I've liked some of the alternate realities too, and as you say several hinge on Hitler winning the war. One of the most chilling ones (I've forgotten title and author) hid German technology under the polar ice cap, whence came UFOs, etc. And I wasn


Question: To make a hooked toothbrush for hanging in bathrooms.
Answer: Turn a stovetop heating element on high. Take a large bowl filled with 2/3 water and fill the rest of the way with ice cubes. Wearing welding gloves to protect your hands, slowly rotate the handle of a plastic toothbrush handle a couple centimeters over the element, taking great care not to touch it. After about 20 seconds the toothbrush handle will become soft. Wrap the handle around a cannoli mold to create the hooked shape. Hold in place for 10 seconds, then dunk into the ice bath to solidify.<|endoftext|>  @ 06:57:53
There's always a good reason to review the planetarially important El Niño/La Niña cycle, for we all forget how it works, but this is a particularly opportune time for two reasons: we are entering an El Niño phase, and a solar minimum is coming to and end. Over the next five years solar activity will increase to a peak sometime in 2013.

What is the variation in solar activity? The sun's variation in activity is only about 0.1% from its quietest to its most active. But a paper (Meehl et al., Science 325, 1114 (2009)) in the most recent edition of Science presents a model for explaining some of the more subtle effects of even these tiny changes in solar activity on the El Niño/La Niña cycle.

To give it away, solar activity at its maximum tends to enhance La Niña events, and probably to suppress El Niño events. Conversely you might imagine that an El Niño at solar minimum (such as we are in) has the potential (other things being equal) of being particularly strong. (Notice that this is *not* to say that solar activity *causes* the El Niño/La Niña cycle, but that it has an influence that might now be modeled.)

Let's start with a reminder of what the El Niño/La Niña cycle is, roughly, before we enter the northern hemisphere winter. In the figure below, we're looking at a cartoon of the equatorial Pacific Ocean basin, with west on the left and east on the right. I like my clouds and lightning!

There are other things that are going on. The trade winds (green in the figure below) are not the ultimate cause of this phenomenon, since surely there is something more that causes trade winds to vary in their strength and sometimes direction. However, in normal years the trade winds blow east to west, driving warm 1equatorial waters (orange) across the Pacific. They actually blow warm surface waters west to pile up in a phenomenon called the westward intensification, and that's what you see here.

One consequence of normally blowing trade winds is that cold bottom waters (dark blue) in the east are pulled up to the surface (upwelling), providing the nutrients and oxygen that support abundant fish populations along the west coast of South America.

You might consider a La Niña to be a sort of a super normal condition, where trade winds blow even more strongly (the insets here are of sea surface temperature anomalies, from NWS-CPC):

In an El Niño, such as we are entering, the trade winds slow, and may even reverse direction. The pile of warm water sloshes eastward across the Pacific, bring upwelling of cold waters to a halt and moving the location of precipitation eastward.

With all the attendant effects of an El Niño it's good to present from the NWS-CPC this figure.

The top panel let you know, if you live in North America, about what to expect this winter. The bottom panel might be interesting in terms of comparison with last winter and spring, and even into the early summer, when we were in a La Niña and its lingering aftereffect.

Looks like Bev need not go to Arizona for warmth, since that will be the case in Ontario. She'll enjoy a rainy winter in Bisbee, considerably different from last winter.

Now on to solar activity. Sunspots are a rough indicator of solar activity. It may be counterintuitive, but generally the more sunspots the greater the activity and output of radiation. We've been in a period of low activity, with very few sunspots - the fewest in a minimum, since 1913.

As usual Richard Kerr does a good job of explaining the significance of the Meehl, et al. paper linked to above. I don't get the impression that there wasn't a qualitative explanation for the influence of solar activity on the El Niño/La Niña cycle, but rather that it wasn't modeled adequately with current global climate models, so failed to explain the larger amplification of solar cycle effects that are actually observed. Consideration of the influence of the stratosphere seems to be the report's contribution.

Since we don't have our brains programmed with a GCM, let's look at what's happening qualitatively. It all has to do with evaporation at the equator and influence on the trade winds that result.

In increased solar activity, evaporation is enhanced at the equator. Rising hot moist air moves north and south, forming clouds and eventually precipitation, which drives the trade winds westward. However, quantitative is important too, and the simplistic "bottom up" explanation doesn't seem to add up in the current GCMs. The trick was to convince the GCMs to simulate this pattern and that seems to be what the authors have done.

They incorporated the 11-year solar cycle into the models by adding considerations of the stratosphere to the "top-down" approach. Top-down refers to the warming of the atmosphere, and here particularly, the stratosphere. Increased ultraviolet radiation during a solar maximum produces more ozone in the stratosphere, especially above the ITCZ. The thickened ozone itself then absorbs UV, converting it to heat (ozone, in this way, acts as a greenhouse gas). This inhibits cloud formation and precipitation until the moist air has travelled north and south, where it dumps unusually heavy rain, producing even stronger trade winds. When they included these considerations, the output of the models more closely reflected the amplification of the tiny variations in the solar cycle.

Here is a figure from their paper that shows the precipitation changes over the Pacific, both measured, during a solar maximum, and modeled (below).

One thing to notice is the vaguely La Niña-like precipitation pattern, with abundant rainfall in the west and more importantly, reproduction of rainfall north and south of the equator, with reduction at the equator itself. Again, it's not to say that solar activity causes the El Niño/La Niña cycle, but that it influences it. And the trend of influence is in the direction of La Niña-like conditions. It's probably of some interest to point out that such a trend would lead to increased North Atlantic hurricane activity during solar maxima.

Now, that's a pretty crude analysis, but then I only play a climatologist on the internet, and so fortunately there are those who can better interpret the results and significance of the modeling. The Richard Kerr summary suggests that not everyone is impressed. I suspect RealClimate will have something to say about this soon.

1When I say "equator," I mean the intertropical convergence zone, the ITCZ, the meteorological equator. It migrates northward and southward with the seasons, so only coincides with the geographical equator twice a year. It's this annual cycle, incidently, that leads to monsoon seasons.

Thursday: 27 August 2009

Short Shameful Confession  -  @ 10:11:04
Television in the 60s. Practically worthless. But while I may have abandoned it by the mid 70s, at 13 years old in 1967 I loved "Dark Shadows". So it is that in the last few months I've gotten hooked on the youtube, and have spent 389 minisodes x 10 min = 3890 minutes, or about 65 hours watching "minisodes" of it. I get home late at night, write up my online student evaluations, and then I treat myself to the couple or three minisodes that have been put up that day. Glenn and my sister Susan have no idea what to make of me, but I've no difficulty getting off my high horse and slumming with the lowest. And just before bedtime, this invariably gives me a much needed laugh.

If you were of a certain age in 1967, and around here I may be the only one of that certain age, "Dark Shadows" was an irresistable draw. Those somewhat older than me were protesting the Vietnam War and those younger probably missed it, but who cares?

For those who don't know, "Dark Shadows" was a gothic/supernatural soap opera that premiered in 1967 and lasted about four seasons, with about 1245 episodes, if I have the count right. Like all soap operas, it was perpetually guaranteed embarrassment, as you followed the antics of people who don't exist, doing silly things that really don't matter or make sense, and trying to convince us of portentious events that couldn't happen, but at the age of 13 I loved it.

So did everyone on the schoolbus ferrying us to Oakwood Elementary School in Oakwood, Georgia. In a way, this was somewhat important, since I had very few interests in common with these rural bumpkin children otherwise. We could all get into "Dark Shadows," though, for "Dark Shadows" was the first soap opera targetted to kids. Many were the hot debates on that schoolbus, driven by an undoubtedly alcoholic Mr Chambers, who

  @ 06:57:53
There's always a good reason to review the planetarially important El Niño/La Niña cycle, for we all forget how it works, but this is a particularly opportune time for two reasons: we are entering an El Niño phase, and a solar minimum is coming to and end. Over the next five years solar activity will increase to a peak sometime in 2013.

What is the variation in solar activity? The sun's variation in activity is only about 0.1% from its quietest to its most active. But a paper (Meehl et al., Science 325, 1114 (2009)) in the most recent edition of Science presents a model for explaining some of the more subtle effects of even these tiny changes in solar activity on the El Niño/La Niña cycle.

To give it away, solar activity at its maximum tends to enhance La Niña events, and probably to suppress El Niño events. Conversely you might imagine that an El Niño at solar minimum (such as we are in) has the potential (other things being equal) of being particularly strong. (Notice that this is *not* to say that solar activity *causes* the El Niño/La Niña cycle, but that it has an influence that might now be modeled.)

Let's start with a reminder of what the El Niño/La Niña cycle is, roughly, before we enter the northern hemisphere winter. In the figure below, we're looking at a cartoon of the equatorial Pacific Ocean basin, with west on the left and east on the right. I like my clouds and lightning!

There are other things that are going on. The trade winds (green in the figure below) are not the ultimate cause of this phenomenon, since surely there is something more that causes trade winds to vary in their strength and sometimes direction. However, in normal years the trade winds blow east to west, driving warm 1equatorial waters (orange) across the Pacific. They actually blow warm surface waters west to pile up in a phenomenon called the westward intensification, and that's what you see here.

One consequence of normally blowing trade winds is that cold bottom waters (dark blue) in the east are pulled up to the surface (upwelling), providing the nutrients and oxygen that support abundant fish populations along the west coast of South America.

You might consider a La Niña to be a sort of a super normal condition, where trade winds blow even more strongly (the insets here are of sea surface temperature anomalies, from NWS-CPC):

In an El Niño, such as we are entering, the trade winds slow, and may even reverse direction. The pile of warm water sloshes eastward across the Pacific, bring upwelling of cold waters to a halt and moving the location of precipitation eastward.

With all the attendant effects of an El Niño it's good to present from the NWS-CPC this figure.

The top panel let you know, if you live in North America, about what to expect this winter. The bottom panel might be interesting in terms of comparison with last winter and spring, and even into the early summer, when we were in a La Niña and its lingering aftereffect.

Looks like Bev need not go to Arizona for warmth, since that will be the case in Ontario. She'll enjoy a rainy winter in Bisbee, considerably different from last winter.

Now on to solar activity. Sunspots are a rough indicator of solar activity. It may be counterintuitive, but generally the more sunspots the greater the activity and output of radiation. We've been in a period of low activity, with very few sunspots - the fewest in a minimum, since 1913.

As usual Richard Kerr does a good job of explaining the significance of the Meehl, et al. paper linked to above. I don't get the impression that there wasn't a qualitative explanation for the influence of solar activity on the El Niño/La Niña cycle, but rather that it wasn't modeled adequately with current global climate models, so failed to explain the larger amplification of solar cycle effects that are actually observed. Consideration of the influence of the stratosphere seems to be the report's contribution.

Since we don't have our brains programmed with a GCM, let's look at what's happening qualitatively. It all has to do with evaporation at the equator and influence on the trade winds that result.

In increased solar activity, evaporation is enhanced at the equator. Rising hot moist air moves north and south, forming clouds and eventually precipitation, which drives the trade winds westward. However, quantitative is important too, and the simplistic "bottom up" explanation doesn't seem to add up in the current GCMs. The trick was to convince the GCMs to simulate this pattern and that seems to be what the authors have done.

They incorporated the 11-year solar cycle into the models by adding considerations of the stratosphere to the "top-down" approach. Top-down refers to the warming of the atmosphere, and here particularly, the stratosphere. Increased ultraviolet radiation during a solar maximum produces more ozone in the stratosphere, especially above the ITCZ. The thickened ozone itself then absorbs UV, converting it to heat (ozone, in this way, acts as a greenhouse gas). This inhibits cloud formation and precipitation until the moist air has travelled north and south, where it dumps unusually heavy rain, producing even stronger trade winds. When they included these considerations, the output of the models more closely reflected the amplification of the tiny variations in the solar cycle.

Here is a figure from their paper that shows the precipitation changes over the Pacific, both measured, during a solar maximum, and modeled (below).

One thing to notice is the vaguely La Niña-like precipitation pattern, with abundant rainfall in the west and more importantly, reproduction of rainfall north and south of the equator, with reduction at the equator itself. Again, it's not to say that solar activity causes the El Niño/La Niña cycle, but that it influences it. And the trend of influence is in the direction of La Niña-like conditions. It's probably of some interest to point out that such a trend would lead to increased North Atlantic hurricane activity during solar maxima.

Now, that's a pretty crude analysis, but then I only play a climatologist on the internet, and so fortunately there are those who can better interpret the results and significance of the modeling. The Richard Kerr summary suggests that not everyone is impressed. I suspect RealClimate will have something to say about this soon.

1When I say "equator," I mean the intertropical convergence zone, the ITCZ, the meteorological equator. It migrates northward and southward with the seasons, so only coincides with the geographical equator twice a year. It's this annual cycle, incidently, that leads to monsoon seasons.

Thursday: 27 August 2009

Short Shameful Confession  -  @ 10:11:04
Television in the 60s. Practically worthless. But while I may have abandoned it by the mid 70s, at 13 years old in 1967 I loved "Dark Shadows". So it is that in the last few months I've gotten hooked on the youtube, and have spent 389 minisodes x 10 min = 3890 minutes, or about 65 hours watching "minisodes" of it. I get home late at night, write up my online student evaluations, and then I treat myself to the couple or three minisodes that have been put up that day. Glenn and my sister Susan have no idea what to make of me, but I've no difficulty getting off my high horse and slumming with the lowest. And just before bedtime, this invariably gives me a much needed laugh.

If you were of a certain age in 1967, and around here I may be the only one of that certain age, "Dark Shadows" was an irresistable draw. Those somewhat older than me were protesting the Vietnam War and those younger probably missed it, but who cares?

For those who don't know, "Dark Shadows" was a gothic/supernatural soap opera that premiered in 1967 and lasted about four seasons, with about 1245 episodes, if I have the count right. Like all soap operas, it was perpetually guaranteed embarrassment, as you followed the antics of people who don't exist, doing silly things that really don't matter or make sense, and trying to convince us of portentious events that couldn't happen, but at the age of 13 I loved it.

So did everyone on the schoolbus ferrying us to Oakwood Elementary School in Oakwood, Georgia. In a way, this was somewhat important, since I had very few interests in common with these rural bumpkin children otherwise. We could all get into "Dark Shadows," though, for "Dark Shadows" was the first soap opera targetted to kids. Many were the hot debates on that schoolbus, driven by an undoubtedly alcoholic Mr Chambers, who segregated girls on one side, and boys on the other. It cleverly aired at 4:30pm, which was when we would get home if our inebriated and tyrannical bus driver chose to deliver us first down our side road rather than selecting to deliver others farther on before turning around and bringing us home. We gnashed our teeth every time he fiendishly sailed past our side road. And Mr Chambers, knowing how he'd dashed our hopes, would look at us in his rear view mirror and grin - a truly terrible sight since the only teeth he had remaining were of a color that natural teeth are not.


 pulls off his mask, and reveals
himself as Vincent Kennedy McMahon, Jr. Then he hits Bischoff right between the
eyes with the Ocarina, which was loaded with a brick. Bischoff gets the sense
knocked back into him and starts to plan his bookings.

I would bet that DVV played most instruments, in private. He seems like the sort of person who if he saw an instrument lying there he'd pick it up and try to play it. I had an uncle who could play the ocarina. It was, in fact, a blue swirl ocarina, but
it wasn't five miles long. I never understood it. It looked like a cross between a potato and a recorder and had a haunting tone. I couldn't get any sound out of it. Icould see the connection, shapewise, as to how it would come up in "I Wanna Find A Woman That'll Hold My Big Toe Till I Have To Go", although that song is obviously about a lot more than yams, potatoes and ocarinas. I wonder if Don played the ocarina. He would have been an older pre-teen, I figure, around the time that ocarinas were popular(although they were never all that popular ever.) s/michael

Come on and hold me tight
[above riff]
I love you

A D E D A D E D

[repeat verse]

withinfive minutes of picking up an ocarina]

Break 2:

Wild thing, I think you move me
But I wanna know for sure
So c'mon and hold me tight
You move me

CLICK HERE FOR A GREAT MAD OCARINA CARTOON Homepage | Contents | On-Line Songbook | Ocarina Essay and Study | Catalog Major Links<|endoftext|>Job 25

1Then Bildad the Shuhite answered and said: 2“Dominion and fear are with God; he makes peace in his high heaven. 3Is there any number to his armies? Upon whom does his light not arise? 4How then can man be in the right before God? How can he who is born of woman be pure? 5Behold, even the moon is not bright, and the stars are not pure in his eyes; 6how much less man, who is a maggot, and the son of man, who is a worm!”

Learn More

will be added<|endoftext|>Question: How to quickly chop or dice hard boiled eggs?
Answer: Once the egg is boiled then peeled, press the whole egg through a grate firmly and the egg will split as if chopped<|endoftext|>Contact Us

‘Once Upon a Time in Wonderland’ Recap: ‘Home’

There was a lot of betrayal going on in this episode of ‘Once Upon a Time in Wonderland,’ which is why it was so surprising to see the hour end with an unexpected alliance between Alice and the Red Queen. But we’re getting ahead of ourselves; first, let’s talk about the oh-so-romantic flashback that kicked things off.

We’re treated to a sweet scene at the start of the episode between Alice and Cyrus. They’re sitting by a fire, cuddling and watching the stars literally fall all around them. They can do that because … magic! But their lovely little date under the stars is soon interrupted by a group of baddies looking to kidnap Cyrus and exploit his magical Genie powers. This seems to be a recurring event: Alice and Cyrus are having a great time hanging out and falling in love at some magical locale, and suddenly some jerks appear brandishing swords and wanting to kidnap Cyrus. Alice has to help her love fight off his would-be captors, and they escape by the skin of their teeth.

It seems everybody in Wonderland wants to have their very own Genie, and even though Alice and Cyrus are able to keep the baddies at bay, Cyrus knows he and Alice can’t keep running and hiding for the rest of their lives. This is most apparent after Alice is wounded during a skirmish, and the White Rabbit warns Cyrus that his life on the run might one day get her killed. Hoping to keep Alice safe, Cyrus decides it’s time for them to settle down in a cute, hidden little cottage of their own. They’ll be safe there because it’s protected by cloaking magic, but Cyrus had to part with something very important to him to get the cottage, a magic compass his mother gave him. The compass has the power to lead anyone to any item they’ve lost in their lives. Cyrus trades it to The Caterpillar in order to get the cottage, and he and Alice live their happily ever after. Oh, wait … no they don’t.

Back in the present day, Alice and Knave travel to the cottage hoping to find Cyrus there waiting for them. But before getting there, they make a pit stop the the Rabbit’s house to find out why he betrayed them. We know the Rabbit has been reluctantly working for the Queen all season, and we finally find out why: She has kidnapped his family and threatened. He’s forced to do her bidding to keep them safe. Luckily, Alice and Knave are able to rescue Rabbit’s wife and their cute little baby bunnies from the Queen’s secret hiding place, which is the trailer where she and Knave used to live before she left him.

Alice and Knave finally make it to the cloaked cottage only to find it abandoned. Alice is bummed, and it looks like she’s about to give up … until she sees Cyrus running to the cottage! As promised in the previews to this episode, Alice and Cyrus are finally reunited, and the reunion is sweet and rewarding — for a minute, anyway. Alice learns that the Queen is the one who has brought Cyrus back to her, which makes no sense. Everyone is wondering why the Queen, who kidnapped Cyrus and handed him to Jafar in the first place, would now help him reunite with Alice. Why would she betray Jafar? Well, it turns out she did it all for love! Who would’ve guessed?

Apparently, handing Cyrus over to Jafar would allow the laws of magic to be changed, which means the Queen could go back in time and change everything that happened on the day she left Knave. Her secret wish is to be with Knave again and to make him love her, but she can only do that by erasing the pain she caused him in the past. Sound complicated? It is, sorta. Why didn’t the Queen choose the easier route and just tell Knave something like, “Hey, I made a mistake, I totally love you, so let’s get back together?” We honestly have no idea. At any rate, she tries to make things right with Knave after saving Cyrus, but he still doesn’t trust her. And while everyone is arguing over whether or not the Queen should be trusted, Jafar sends a killer cloud (yes, a killer cloud) to, well, kill everyone.

The cloud’s lightening strikes, and Knave takes the hit that was meant for the Queen. It seems he still does have feelings for her after all. But the impact also hurts Alice, since her fate is tied to Knave’s because of a wish she made a few episodes ago. It seems like Alice and Knave have earned a one-way trip to Hades until Cyrus hands Knave a wish, and he wishes for Alice’s suffering to end. And just like that, she’s back on her feet and Cyrus is set free. He’s no longer a Genie, he’s a human being, which means his life of running and hiding is over. The only catch is … Knave is now a Genie, and he’s trapped inside Cyrus’ bottle. And it gets worse, because the bottle somehow got tossed in a river and no one knows where it is.

So Alice and Cyrus are finally together, Rabbit got his family back, and the Queen finally saw the light, but as usual, Knave got screwed again! He’s totally the whipping boy of ‘Wonderland.’ Here’s hoping he gets a break when the show returns in January.

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<|endoftext|>AnsweredAssumed Answered

Setting a variable at initial check in PDM

Question asked by Brandon Plubell on Jul 11, 2016
Latest reply on Mar 12, 2020 by Shawn Pantzke

I am having trouble setting a variable during the initial check in of a file. I believe what I currently have was working in EPDM 2015, but I cannot confirm.

After adding the appropriate hooks, OnCmd checks if command type is "EdmCmd_PreUndoLock" and file's current version is "1"; if true, get/set variables. Stepping through the code, everything executes as expected. However, after the check in operation is complete, the variable is not the updated value.

Why do I check for "EdmCmd_PreUndoLock"? I found from exploring that this is the only command that triggers when checking in the file for the first time. It does not

 Yablo kicks
Bischoff in the knees, grabs the Ocarina, pulls off his mask, and reveals
himself as Vincent Kennedy McMahon, Jr. Then he hits Bischoff right between the
eyes with the Ocarina, which was loaded with a brick. Bischoff gets the sense
knocked back into him and starts to plan his bookings.

I would bet that DVV played most instruments, in private. He seems like the sort of person who if he saw an instrument lying there he'd pick it up and try to play it. I had an uncle who could play the ocarina. It was, in fact, a blue swirl ocarina, but
it wasn't five miles long. I never understood it. It looked like a cross between a potato and a recorder and had a haunting tone. I couldn't get any sound out of it. Icould see the connection, shapewise, as to how it would come up in "I Wanna Find A Woman That'll Hold My Big Toe Till I Have To Go", although that song is obviously about a lot more than yams, potatoes and ocarinas. I wonder if Don played the ocarina. He would have been an older pre-teen, I figure, around the time that ocarinas were popular(although they were never all that popular ever.) s/michael

Come on and hold me tight
[above riff]
I love you

A D E D A D E D

[repeat verse]

withinfive minutes of picking up an ocarina]

Break 2:

Wild thing, I think you move me
But I wanna know for sure
So c'mon and hold me tight
You move me

CLICK HERE FOR A GREAT MAD OCARINA CARTOON Homepage | Contents | On-Line Songbook | Ocarina Essay and Study | Catalog Major Links<|endoftext|>Job 25

1Then Bildad the Shuhite answered and said: 2“Dominion and fear are with God; he makes peace in his high heaven. 3Is there any number to his armies? Upon whom does his light not arise? 4How then can man be in the right before God? How can he who is born of woman be pure? 5Behold, even the moon is not bright, and the stars are not pure in his eyes; 6how much less man, who is a maggot, and the son of man, who is a worm!”

Learn More

will be added<|endoftext|>Contact Us

‘Once Upon a Time in Wonderland’ Recap: ‘Home’

There was a lot of betrayal going on in this episode of ‘Once Upon a Time in Wonderland,’ which is why it was so surprising to see the hour end with an unexpected alliance between Alice and the Red Queen. But we’re getting ahead of ourselves; first, let’s talk about the oh-so-romantic flashback that kicked things off.

We’re treated to a sweet scene at the start of the episode between Alice and Cyrus. They’re sitting by a fire, cuddling and watching the stars literally fall all around them. They can do that because … magic! But their lovely little date under the stars is soon interrupted by a group of baddies looking to kidnap Cyrus and exploit his magical Genie powers. This seems to be a recurring event: Alice and Cyrus are having a great time hanging out and falling in love at some magical locale, and suddenly some jerks appear brandishing swords and wanting to kidnap Cyrus. Alice has to help her love fight off his would-be captors, and they escape by the skin of their teeth.

It seems everybody in Wonderland wants to have their very own Genie, and even though Alice and Cyrus are able to keep the baddies at bay, Cyrus knows he and Alice can’t keep running and hiding for the rest of their lives. This is most apparent after Alice is wounded during a skirmish, and the White Rabbit warns Cyrus that his life on the run might one day get her killed. Hoping to keep Alice safe, Cyrus decides it’s time for them to settle down in a cute, hidden little cottage of their own. They’ll be safe there because it’s protected by cloaking magic, but Cyrus had to part with something very important to him to get the cottage, a magic compass his mother gave him. The compass has the power to lead anyone to any item they’ve lost in their lives. Cyrus trades it to The Caterpillar in order to get the cottage, and he and Alice live their happily ever after. Oh, wait … no they don’t.

Back in the present day, Alice and Knave travel to the cottage hoping to find Cyrus there waiting for them. But before getting there, they make a pit stop the the Rabbit’s house to find out why he betrayed them. We know the Rabbit has been reluctantly working for the Queen all season, and we finally find out why: She has kidnapped his family and threatened. He’s forced to do her bidding to keep them safe. Luckily, Alice and Knave are able to rescue Rabbit’s wife and their cute little baby bunnies from the Queen’s secret hiding place, which is the trailer where she and Knave used to live before she left him.

Alice and Knave finally make it to the cloaked cottage only to find it abandoned. Alice is bummed, and it looks like she’s about to give up … until she sees Cyrus running to the cottage! As promised in the previews to this episode, Alice and Cyrus are finally reunited, and the reunion is sweet and rewarding — for a minute, anyway. Alice learns that the Queen is the one who has brought Cyrus back to her, which makes no sense. Everyone is wondering why the Queen, who kidnapped Cyrus and handed him to Jafar in the first place, would now help him reunite with Alice. Why would she betray Jafar? Well, it turns out she did it all for love! Who would’ve guessed?

Apparently, handing Cyrus over to Jafar would allow the laws of magic to be changed, which means the Queen could go back in time and change everything that happened on the day she left Knave. Her secret wish is to be with Knave again and to make him love her, but she can only do that by erasing the pain she caused him in the past. Sound complicated? It is, sorta. Why didn’t the Queen choose the easier route and just tell Knave something like, “Hey, I made a mistake, I totally love you, so let’s get back together?” We honestly have no idea. At any rate, she tries to make things right with Knave after saving Cyrus, but he still doesn’t trust her. And while everyone is arguing over whether or not the Queen should be trusted, Jafar sends a killer cloud (yes, a killer cloud) to, well, kill everyone.

The cloud’s lightening strikes, and Knave takes the hit that was meant for the Queen. It seems he still does have feelings for her after all. But the impact also hurts Alice, since her fate is tied to Knave’s because of a wish she made a few episodes ago. It seems like Alice and Knave have earned a one-way trip to Hades until Cyrus hands Knave a wish, and he wishes for Alice’s suffering to end. And just like that, she’s back on her feet and Cyrus is set free. He’s no longer a Genie, he’s a human being, which means his life of running and hiding is over. The only catch is … Knave is now a Genie, and he’s trapped inside Cyrus’ bottle. And it gets worse, because the bottle somehow got tossed in a river and no one knows where it is.

So Alice and Cyrus are finally together, Rabbit got his family back, and the Queen finally saw the light, but as usual, Knave got screwed again! He’s totally the whipping boy of ‘Wonderland.’ Here’s hoping he gets a break when the show returns in January.

Best of PopCrush 97.1

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Leave a Comment

Forgot your password?

(Forgot your password?)

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<|endoftext|>AnsweredAssumed Answered

Setting a variable at initial check in PDM

Question asked by Brandon Plubell on Jul 11, 2016
Latest reply on Mar 12, 2020 by Shawn Pantzke

I am having trouble setting a variable during the initial check in of a file. I believe what I currently have was working in EPDM 2015, but I cannot confirm.

After adding the appropriate hooks, OnCmd checks if command type is "EdmCmd_PreUndoLock" and file's current version is "1"; if true, get/set variables. Stepping through the code, everything executes as expected. However, after the check in operation is complete, the variable is not the updated value.

Why do I check for "EdmCmd_PreUndoLock"? I found from exploring that this is the only command that triggers when checking in the file for the first time. It does not really make sense (documentation says it "One or more files are about to get their locks removed without any changes