 of the first Renaissance men, Machaut was a composer and poet who wrote both sacred and secular music.

Who invented medieval music?

Guillaume d’Aquitaine was one of the well-known troubadours with most themes centered around chivalry and courtly love. It was around this time when a new method to teach singing was invented by a Benedictine monk and choirmaster named Guido de Arezzo. He is regarded as the inventor of modern musical notation.

Leave a Reply
<|endoftext|>

Joel - Guitar
Tara - Bass
Jusin - Drums
Aaron - Vocals
Tubes - Guitar

“If God Only Knew The Rest Were Dead”
1.  Heroin Fingers
2.  Bloodshed Rain
3.  Dislocation
4.  Gone
5.  Burning Cupid

Title Details
Catalog #: F009
Release Date: 1998-04-01
Format(s): CD

Disembodied came to life in 1995 and began making a name for themselves in the MN hardcore scene. Hailing from Minneapolis, MN they had a devastating effect on the sound of hardcore. Introducing themselves as simply the heaviest band in hardcore and going way beyond. They were instrumental in creating the metal/hardcore sound so prominent today. After two releases on Ferret, a final full length on Edison Recordings and multiple US tours, Disembodied disbanded in the late 90's, later moving on to form Martyr AD.

To Die For 2<|endoftext|>a card bearing the legend of "Presents for
Christmas." This appears amid a lot of walking-sticks, where it is
somewhat suggestive. Perhaps too many schoolboys generally come home for
the holidays would receive the most suitable Christmas-box a fond Father
could present them with if he were to give them the Stick.
                                                [_Mrs. Punch._ "Brute!"]

                               * * * * *

[Illustration: "HOUSEHOLD WORDS."

_Young Person_ (_on taking a Situation with Maiden Lady_). "IN THE
COURSE OF CONVERSATION, SHALL I ADDRESS YOU AS _MISS_ OR _MUM_?"!!]

                               * * * * *

                          THE "PHANTOM BOARD."

            (_See MR. VERNON LUSHINGTON'S evidence before the
             Megæra Commission_.)

        A DARKLING place, of shadowy space,
          Reached by a silent stair;
        A skeleton clock, with a dusty face,
          That marks time in the air,
        To five grey ghosts, in blue and gold<|endoftext|>Center for Environmental Justice and Sustainability
2013-2014 Faculty

Dr. Agnieszka Miguel

  • Snow Leopard Identification Using Digital Image Processing

          The purpose of this project is to develop digital image processing algorithms that would assist conservation biologists who study the location and behavior of snow leopards. Cameras placed by researchers in remote areas inhabited by snow leopards take photographs when a source of heat (i.e. snow leopard, fox, goat, or a large bird) passes in front of it. The researchers then spend many hours recognizing specific cats and their habitat. Because each snow leopard has a completely unique coat, snow leopards are identified based on the characteristics of their spot patterns such as their size, shape, orientation, and coloration. In this research, Dr. Miguel will use techniques from image processing, pattern recognition, and machine learning to aid researchers in their work with camera pictures. First, she will develop algorithms to sort the images obtained from one camera. Once the images are sorted, they will be analyzed by a program that searches for matches among the many different spot patterns. Close match between two images will indicate the same individual. The goal of the program will be to classify each image as representing a particular snow leopard.<|endoftext|>Skip to main content

Google Patents Book-Like Foldable Phone with Actual Pages

Smartphone manufacturers are continuing to patent and tinker with unique ideas for foldable phone designs. And a newly published patent application made by Google is particularly wild.

Credit: LetsGoDigital

(Image credit: LetsGoDigital)

Found in the database of WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) by LetsGoDigital, this 2018 patent depicts a device with three foldable sections, bound together within a hard shell, essentially looking like a very thin hardback book.

This is based on a previous Google patent filed in June 2018 and granted in April 2019, which shows how a single one of the flexible pages would function. The new patent repeats a lot of this material, but adds the idea of combining multiple pages together with a single hinge, along with a stiff outer shell to keep the processor, battery and other internal components safe.

Credit: WIPO

(Image credit: WIPO)

The text of the patent says that the five-page configuration is just for an example, and any device that resulted from this application could have any number of ‘pages’. The pages can either work together to act as a larger display, or could act independently as smaller ones, depending on the exact implementation.

If you’re curious as to what the point of this kind of device would be, the patent briefly describes that a standard foldable phone may be inconvenient to swap between folded and unfolded modes, and even then may be unwieldy or too small for practical use. Swapping between the differently organized ‘pages’ of this device could therefore be more convenient, the patent states.

Credit: WIPO

(Image credit: WIPO)

With this being a patent, it’s no guarantee there will eventually be a Pixel or any other kind of Google device with this technology or exact shape implemented. All it means is that Google can use this concept if it wishes.

It would take several years to develop something like this anyway, particularly when we have yet to see Google debut any kind of foldable device yet. Basically, keep your expectations and excitement in check.<|endoftext|>NHS Logo

The care provided to patients will depend on the quality of the workforce caring for them and the extent to which they are true participants in their care. We consider a model for working in partnership with patients as well as ways to overcome some of the pressing challenges facing the NHS workforce.

1. How will patients be involved in developing the service?
2. What are the implications for your workforce?
3. What sort of relationship will you and your partner have?<|endoftext|>« Previous Page Table of Contents Next Page »

[Page 254-259]

From Zloczew to Auschwitz (cont.)

The Hanging

One incident that left a terrible impression on me to this very day had to do with the execution of my best friend, Lipman Lewkowicz, the son of the best tailor in our town who was executed for breaching the rules of not moving more than 20 metres away from your place of work. People who knew him could testify as a hundred witnesses that he had no intention of escaping, but to the cruel Nazis, the fact that he moved away from his group was sufficient to condemn him to death and to kill him. On the allotted day, Lipman Lewkowicz moved from his place of work to relieve himself, but the guard immediately chased him and before he had a chance to explain himself, he was put under guard and taken away.

The veteran camp inmates knew exactly what was going to happen, but we green Zloczew people thought about the punishment that he may receive and had no idea that he would be treated in such a harsh manner. The following day, we were released from work a little early so that we could witness the tragic events that were going to take place. In the meantime, the people of the camp prepared according to the orders of the commandant, a gallows in the camp yard. At the allocated time, we were ordered out of the huts and told to arrange ourselves in the parade grounds for the horror that was just about to be carried out in front of our eyes. Rumours immediately spread as to what was about to happen as the veteran camp inmates were full of bitter experiences and knew exactly what was going to happen.

We stood there completely humiliated and depressed, filled with sorrow and anger as to what was about to happen in the parade ground. Two Jews were ordered to prepare the ropes and bring the condemned man, bound hand and foot, while deathly silence hovered over the killing field. He was put on a chair under the rope, the rope was placed around his neck and the chair kicked out. This filthy, despicable death was the first one that we Zloczew people witnessed and it completely shook us. It was easy to understand what a blow this was, especially for the twin brother of the murdered man who stood amongst us during the hanging.

Bullying in the Camp

Bullying and other barbaric acts by the camp staff and their helpers became an integral part of the way we existed. Excuses were not even needed for all kinds of punishments, described later, which were visited on us at every step. In spite of that, in this darkness of medieval barbarity, there were such shocking incidents that shook all of us to the core; even those who were used to such things and these became a daily occurrence. On Sundays, this being a Christian holiday, we did not work outside the camp, but stayed in and worked till lunchtime. One Sunday, Rabbi Me

 medieval period music is around the 1400s, and Guillaume de Machaut was a key composer in ushering the change of music and style. Literally one of the first Renaissance men, Machaut was a composer and poet who wrote both sacred and secular music.

Who invented medieval music?

Guillaume d’Aquitaine was one of the well-known troubadours with most themes centered around chivalry and courtly love. It was around this time when a new method to teach singing was invented by a Benedictine monk and choirmaster named Guido de Arezzo. He is regarded as the inventor of modern musical notation.

Leave a Reply
<|endoftext|>

Joel - Guitar
Tara - Bass
Jusin - Drums
Aaron - Vocals
Tubes - Guitar

“If God Only Knew The Rest Were Dead”
1.  Heroin Fingers
2.  Bloodshed Rain
3.  Dislocation
4.  Gone
5.  Burning Cupid

Title Details
Catalog #: F009
Release Date: 1998-04-01
Format(s): CD

Disembodied came to life in 1995 and began making a name for themselves in the MN hardcore scene. Hailing from Minneapolis, MN they had a devastating effect on the sound of hardcore. Introducing themselves as simply the heaviest band in hardcore and going way beyond. They were instrumental in creating the metal/hardcore sound so prominent today. After two releases on Ferret, a final full length on Edison Recordings and multiple US tours, Disembodied disbanded in the late 90's, later moving on to form Martyr AD.

To Die For 2<|endoftext|>Center for Environmental Justice and Sustainability
2013-2014 Faculty

Dr. Agnieszka Miguel

  • Snow Leopard Identification Using Digital Image Processing

          The purpose of this project is to develop digital image processing algorithms that would assist conservation biologists who study the location and behavior of snow leopards. Cameras placed by researchers in remote areas inhabited by snow leopards take photographs when a source of heat (i.e. snow leopard, fox, goat, or a large bird) passes in front of it. The researchers then spend many hours recognizing specific cats and their habitat. Because each snow leopard has a completely unique coat, snow leopards are identified based on the characteristics of their spot patterns such as their size, shape, orientation, and coloration. In this research, Dr. Miguel will use techniques from image processing, pattern recognition, and machine learning to aid researchers in their work with camera pictures. First, she will develop algorithms to sort the images obtained from one camera. Once the images are sorted, they will be analyzed by a program that searches for matches among the many different spot patterns. Close match between two images will indicate the same individual. The goal of the program will be to classify each image as representing a particular snow leopard.<|endoftext|>Skip to main content

Google Patents Book-Like Foldable Phone with Actual Pages

Smartphone manufacturers are continuing to patent and tinker with unique ideas for foldable phone designs. And a newly published patent application made by Google is particularly wild.

Credit: LetsGoDigital

(Image credit: LetsGoDigital)

Found in the database of WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) by LetsGoDigital, this 2018 patent depicts a device with three foldable sections, bound together within a hard shell, essentially looking like a very thin hardback book.

This is based on a previous Google patent filed in June 2018 and granted in April 2019, which shows how a single one of the flexible pages would function. The new patent repeats a lot of this material, but adds the idea of combining multiple pages together with a single hinge, along with a stiff outer shell to keep the processor, battery and other internal components safe.

Credit: WIPO

(Image credit: WIPO)

The text of the patent says that the five-page configuration is just for an example, and any device that resulted from this application could have any number of ‘pages’. The pages can either work together to act as a larger display, or could act independently as smaller ones, depending on the exact implementation.

If you’re curious as to what the point of this kind of device would be, the patent briefly describes that a standard foldable phone may be inconvenient to swap between folded and unfolded modes, and even then may be unwieldy or too small for practical use. Swapping between the differently organized ‘pages’ of this device could therefore be more convenient, the patent states.

Credit: WIPO

(Image credit: WIPO)

With this being a patent, it’s no guarantee there will eventually be a Pixel or any other kind of Google device with this technology or exact shape implemented. All it means is that Google can use this concept if it wishes.

It would take several years to develop something like this anyway, particularly when we have yet to see Google debut any kind of foldable device yet. Basically, keep your expectations and excitement in check.<|endoftext|>NHS Logo

The care provided to patients will depend on the quality of the workforce caring for them and the extent to which they are true participants in their care. We consider a model for working in partnership with patients as well as ways to overcome some of the pressing challenges facing the NHS workforce.

1. How will patients be involved in developing the service?
2. What are the implications for your workforce?
3. What sort of relationship will you and your partner have?<|endoftext|>« Previous Page Table of Contents Next Page »

[Page 254-259]

From Zloczew to Auschwitz (cont.)

The Hanging

One incident that left a terrible impression on me to this very day had to do with the execution of my best friend, Lipman Lewkowicz, the son of the best tailor in our town who was executed for breaching the rules of not moving more than 20 metres away from your place of work. People who knew him could testify as a hundred witnesses that he had no intention of escaping, but to the cruel Nazis, the fact that he moved away from his group was sufficient to condemn him to death and to kill him. On the allotted day, Lipman Lewkowicz moved from his place of work to relieve himself, but the guard immediately chased him and before he had a chance to explain himself, he was put under guard and taken away.

The veteran camp inmates knew exactly what was going to happen, but we green Zloczew people thought about the punishment that he may receive and had no idea that he would be treated in such a harsh manner. The following day, we were released from work a little early so that we could witness the tragic events that were going to take place. In the meantime, the people of the camp prepared according to the orders of the commandant, a gallows in the camp yard. At the allocated time, we were ordered out of the huts and told to arrange ourselves in the parade grounds for the horror that was just about to be carried out in front of our eyes. Rumours immediately spread as to what was about to happen as the veteran camp inmates were full of bitter experiences and knew exactly what was going to happen.

We stood there completely humiliated and depressed, filled with sorrow and anger as to what was about to happen in the parade ground. Two Jews were ordered to prepare the ropes and bring the condemned man, bound hand and foot, while deathly silence hovered over the killing field. He was put on a chair under the rope, the rope was placed around his neck and the chair kicked out. This filthy, despicable death was the first one that we Zloczew people witnessed and it completely shook us. It was easy to understand what a blow this was, especially for the twin brother of the murdered man who stood amongst us during the hanging.

Bullying in the Camp

Bullying and other barbaric acts by the camp staff and their helpers became an integral part of the way we existed. Excuses were not even needed for all kinds of punishments, described later, which were visited on us at every step. In spite of that, in this darkness of medieval barbarity, there were such shocking incidents that shook all of us to the core; even those who were used to such things and these became a daily occurrence. On Sundays, this being a Christian holiday, we did not work outside the camp, but stayed in and worked till lunchtime. One Sunday, Rabbi Meir Shochet, who was also a camp inmate, was ordered to take a wheelbarrow full of soil on muddy ground and as it was more than he could mange, he was unable to do so. As punishment, he was asked to take the wheelbarrow onto the railway ties but he could not manage that either as it was sinking between the ties and he was not able to pull it out, but the camp guards showed no pity

They beat him with sticks all over his body, to spur him on and in a sadistic frenzy they beat him harder and harder until all who saw that became completely distressed. The slaughtered man, Rabbi Meir, was well known in Zloczew, as he was also a Dayan or religious judge and a Hebrew teacher well- known and respected and knowledgeable in the ways of the Torah. And there he was being tortured and when the Zloczew Jews saw him being beaten and dying in front of their eyes, their blood froze and their spirit was crushed. Some moments later, he died and two prisoners


"THUS SPAKE ZARATHUSTRA"

   BY F. NIETZSCHE, /A BOOK FOR ALL AND NONE/.

TRANSLATED BY THOMAS COMMON, containing Zarathustra's Prefatory
Discourse, with Critical and Bibliographical Notices, Part I.

/"Nietzsche's Ethics, however are not the Ethics for boys, nor for old
women, nor for dreamers either; _they are the Ethics for full grown
men_, the noble, strong, wide-awake men, who shape the world's
destiny."/
                                                        --EDITOR.

       *       *       *       *       *

          =crown 8vo, Limp Cloth, 2/-=

             THE ART OF MODULATING.

/A SERIES OF PAPERS ON MODULATING AT THE PIANOFORTE. WITH 62 MUSICAL
EXAMPLES./ BY HENRY C. BANISTER.

/Not only at Examinations--viva voce--but in Actual Experience, is
ability required to pass rapidly, with very little "process" from one
key to another./

       *       *       *       *       *

/2nd Edition./               Thick Crown 8vo. Cloth, Price =7/6=.

           THE LIFE OF<|endoftext|> evidence of a Phoenician individual but the earliest evidence of a European mitochondrial haplogroup, U5b2c1, in North Africa.

The lineage is the same one as La Braña 1, an Epipaleolithic man buried in a cave at the mountains NE of León. Its presence on a Carthaginian from the 6th century BCE almost certainly indicates that he had native Iberian maternal ancestry, that his family had arrived to Carthage from Gadir (modern Cádiz) or some of the other Phoenician colonies of Andalusia. The location of his burial at the acropolis and the wealth of the burial goods indicate that he belonged to the highest social elite of the still incipient Carthaginian empire. He has been nicknamed "Ariche" (the loved one) and his face reconstructed as you can see in this blog.

Thanks to Jamel of Lapurdi for the reference an a nice related discussion.

All the Neolithic and Chalcolithic of Ireland in a single paper

This entry should be a "quickie" because I wouldn't even know where to begin in order to analyze this comprehensive synthesis and not at all because it is a lesser study, all the oposite. Just to say that the average reader of this blog will want to read it, much more if they are Irish.

However I think that the paper raises some interesting questions regarding the chronology of "modern genetic Irishness" and the arrival of the Y-DNA lineage R1b to the island, which I cast below for your insights.

T. Rowan McLaughling et al., The Changing Face of Neolithic and Bronze Age Ireland: A Big Data Approach to the Settlement and Burial Records. Journal of World Prehistory 2016. Open accessLINK [doi:10.1007/s10963-016-9093-0]

This paper synthesizes and discusses the spatial and temporal patterns of archaeological sites in Ireland, spanning the Neolithic period and the Bronze Age transition (4300–1900 cal BC), in order to explore the timing and implications of the main changes that occurred in the archaeological record of that period. Large amounts of new data are sourced from unpublished developer-led excavations and combined with national archives, published excavations and online databases. Bayesian radiocarbon models and context- and sample-sensitive summed radiocarbon probabilities are used to examine the dataset. The study captures the scale and timing of the initial expansion of Early Neolithic settlement and the ensuing attenuation of all such activity—an apparent boom-and-bust cycle. The Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods are characterised by a resurgence and diversification of activity. Contextualisation and spatial analysis of radiocarbon data reveals finer-scale patterning than is usually possible with summed-probability approaches: the boom-and-bust models of prehistoric populations may, in fact, be a misinterpretation of more subtle demographic changes occurring at the same time as cultural change and attendant differences in the archaeological record.

The study should be very useful to anyone trying to understand the prehistory of Ireland, not the least because of its many maps and this extremely cool sequential maps video from pre-Neolithic times (5th millennium BCE) to the gates of the Bronze Age (early 2nd millennium BCE). Notice that in the Isles they tend to call "Bronze Age" to the Chalcolithic (Copper and Stone Age) and hence the title, which is a bit misleading.

An example of the very cool and highly informative maps and data you'll find in this study:
Fig. 3 - Map of Ireland showing Early Neolithic sites

Depopulation and resettlement? When?

An intriguing issue is the boom and bust cycles, particularly the almost total absence of signs of human activity around the end of the 4th millennium (3300-3000), suggesting maybe a depopulation after the first farmer colonization (?). There are clear booms around 4000, 3700, 3500, 2900, 2500 and since 2200 (Bell Beaker era). All this is something to chew about.

Particularly I'd raise the following question here: we know that a woman from c. 3400-3100 BCE (just at the depopulation gap?) was a typical Neolithic European, most similar to SE Spaniards and Sardinians, and that a man from c. 2200-1500 (Bell Beaker boom) was virtually identical to modern Irish and "British Celts" like Scots, Welsh and Cornish, carrying the common and controversial R1b patrilineage.

The initial reading many of us made was that these new genetics may have arrived with Bell Beaker and that maybe Bell Beaker was more influential in terms demographic than we used to think, at least in Ireland. However, with this archaeological sequence on hand it seems at least reasonable to think that the major resettlement of an almost deserted Ireland happened after 3000 BCE but significantly earlier than the Bell Beaker phenomenon, which only reaches Northern Europe (Ireland included) c. 1500 BCE. What's your opinion?

Genetic prehistory of European bovine cattle

Another study on European cattle, suggesting little to no admixture with aboriginal aurochs. However, as far as I can see, they did not directly compare with European aurochsen, so I'm rather skeptic, as their conclusions seem to derive only from modeling out of an incomplete dataset.

Amelie Scheu et al., The genetic prehistory of domesticated cattle from their origin to the spread across Europe. BMC Genetics 2016. Open accessLINK [doi:10.1186/s12863-015-0203-2]

Cattle domestication started in the 9th millennium BC in Southwest Asia. Domesticated cattle were then introduced into Europe during the Neolithic transition. However, the scarcity of palaeogenetic data from the first European domesticated cattle still inhibits the accurate reconstruction of their early demography. In this study, mitochondrial DNA from 193 ancient and 597 modern domesticated cattle (Bos taurus) from sites across Europe, Western Anatolia and Iran were analysed to provide insight into the Neolithic dispersal process and the role of the local European aurochs population during cattle domestication.

Using descriptive summary statistics and serial coalescent simulations paired with approximate Bayesian computation we find: (i) decreasing genetic diversity in a southeast to northwest direction, (ii) strong correlation of genetic and geographical distances, iii) an estimated effective size of the Near Eastern female founder population of 81, iv) that the expansion of cattle from the Near East and Anatolia into Europe does not appear to constitute a significant bottleneck, and that v) there is evidence for gene-flow between the Near Eastern/Anatolian and European cattle populations in the early phases of the European Neolithic, but that it is restricted after 5,000 BCE.

The most plausible scenario to explain these results is a single and regionally restricted domestication process of cattle in the Near East with subsequent migration into Europe during the Neolithic transition without significant maternal interbreeding with the endogenous wild stock. Evidence for gene-flow between cattle populations from Southwestern Asia and Europe during the earlier phases of the European Neolithic points towards intercontinental trade connections between Neolithic farmers.

Figure 1

MDS Plot of d-loop sequences from 13 spatiotemporal groups of ancient domesticated cattle. The MDS plot is based on Reynolds’ FST. Numbers represent the age of samples in BCE per group; brackets contain the number of sequences per group.

Mitochondrial DNA of ancient Tocharians

It seems there is still something to learn about the ancient Tocharian mummies of Uyghuristan:

Chunxiang Li et al., Analysis of ancient human mitochondrial DNA from the Xiaohe cemetery: insights into prehistoric population movements in the Tarim Basin, China. BMC Genetics 2016. Open accessLINK [doi:10.1186/s12863-015-0237-5]

African admixture events

This paper is probably of interest to many but I don't have the insight to make a proper analysis. Just to mention that I feel deeply uncomfortable with the use of the "Sub-Saharan" term, which has so many wrong

 evidence of a Phoenician individual but the earliest evidence of a European mitochondrial haplogroup, U5b2c1, in North Africa.

The lineage is the same one as La Braña 1, an Epipaleolithic man buried in a cave at the mountains NE of León. Its presence on a Carthaginian from the 6th century BCE almost certainly indicates that he had native Iberian maternal ancestry, that his family had arrived to Carthage from Gadir (modern Cádiz) or some of the other Phoenician colonies of Andalusia. The location of his burial at the acropolis and the wealth of the burial goods indicate that he belonged to the highest social elite of the still incipient Carthaginian empire. He has been nicknamed "Ariche" (the loved one) and his face reconstructed as you can see in this blog.

Thanks to Jamel of Lapurdi for the reference an a nice related discussion.

All the Neolithic and Chalcolithic of Ireland in a single paper

This entry should be a "quickie" because I wouldn't even know where to begin in order to analyze this comprehensive synthesis and not at all because it is a lesser study, all the oposite. Just to say that the average reader of this blog will want to read it, much more if they are Irish.

However I think that the paper raises some interesting questions regarding the chronology of "modern genetic Irishness" and the arrival of the Y-DNA lineage R1b to the island, which I cast below for your insights.

T. Rowan McLaughling et al., The Changing Face of Neolithic and Bronze Age Ireland: A Big Data Approach to the Settlement and Burial Records. Journal of World Prehistory 2016. Open accessLINK [doi:10.1007/s10963-016-9093-0]

This paper synthesizes and discusses the spatial and temporal patterns of archaeological sites in Ireland, spanning the Neolithic period and the Bronze Age transition (4300–1900 cal BC), in order to explore the timing and implications of the main changes that occurred in the archaeological record of that period. Large amounts of new data are sourced from unpublished developer-led excavations and combined with national archives, published excavations and online databases. Bayesian radiocarbon models and context- and sample-sensitive summed radiocarbon probabilities are used to examine the dataset. The study captures the scale and timing of the initial expansion of Early Neolithic settlement and the ensuing attenuation of all such activity—an apparent boom-and-bust cycle. The Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods are characterised by a resurgence and diversification of activity. Contextualisation and spatial analysis of radiocarbon data reveals finer-scale patterning than is usually possible with summed-probability approaches: the boom-and-bust models of prehistoric populations may, in fact, be a misinterpretation of more subtle demographic changes occurring at the same time as cultural change and attendant differences in the archaeological record.

The study should be very useful to anyone trying to understand the prehistory of Ireland, not the least because of its many maps and this extremely cool sequential maps video from pre-Neolithic times (5th millennium BCE) to the gates of the Bronze Age (early 2nd millennium BCE). Notice that in the Isles they tend to call "Bronze Age" to the Chalcolithic (Copper and Stone Age) and hence the title, which is a bit misleading.

An example of the very cool and highly informative maps and data you'll find in this study:
Fig. 3 - Map of Ireland showing Early Neolithic sites

Depopulation and resettlement? When?

An intriguing issue is the boom and bust cycles, particularly the almost total absence of signs of human activity around the end of the 4th millennium (3300-3000), suggesting maybe a depopulation after the first farmer colonization (?). There are clear booms around 4000, 3700, 3500, 2900, 2500 and since 2200 (Bell Beaker era). All this is something to chew about.

Particularly I'd raise the following question here: we know that a woman from c. 3400-3100 BCE (just at the depopulation gap?) was a typical Neolithic European, most similar to SE Spaniards and Sardinians, and that a man from c. 2200-1500 (Bell Beaker boom) was virtually identical to modern Irish and "British Celts" like Scots, Welsh and Cornish, carrying the common and controversial R1b patrilineage.

The initial reading many of us made was that these new genetics may have arrived with Bell Beaker and that maybe Bell Beaker was more influential in terms demographic than we used to think, at least in Ireland. However, with this archaeological sequence on hand it seems at least reasonable to think that the major resettlement of an almost deserted Ireland happened after 3000 BCE but significantly earlier than the Bell Beaker phenomenon, which only reaches Northern Europe (Ireland included) c. 1500 BCE. What's your opinion?

Genetic prehistory of European bovine cattle

Another study on European cattle, suggesting little to no admixture with aboriginal aurochs. However, as far as I can see, they did not directly compare with European aurochsen, so I'm rather skeptic, as their conclusions seem to derive only from modeling out of an incomplete dataset.

Amelie Scheu et al., The genetic prehistory of domesticated cattle from their origin to the spread across Europe. BMC Genetics 2016. Open accessLINK [doi:10.1186/s12863-015-0203-2]

Cattle domestication started in the 9th millennium BC in Southwest Asia. Domesticated cattle were then introduced into Europe during the Neolithic transition. However, the scarcity of palaeogenetic data from the first European domesticated cattle still inhibits the accurate reconstruction of their early demography. In this study, mitochondrial DNA from 193 ancient and 597 modern domesticated cattle (Bos taurus) from sites across Europe, Western Anatolia and Iran were analysed to provide insight into the Neolithic dispersal process and the role of the local European aurochs population during cattle domestication.

Using descriptive summary statistics and serial coalescent simulations paired with approximate Bayesian computation we find: (i) decreasing genetic diversity in a southeast to northwest direction, (ii) strong correlation of genetic and geographical distances, iii) an estimated effective size of the Near Eastern female founder population of 81, iv) that the expansion of cattle from the Near East and Anatolia into Europe does not appear to constitute a significant bottleneck, and that v) there is evidence for gene-flow between the Near Eastern/Anatolian and European cattle populations in the early phases of the European Neolithic, but that it is restricted after 5,000 BCE.

The most plausible scenario to explain these results is a single and regionally restricted domestication process of cattle in the Near East with subsequent migration into Europe during the Neolithic transition without significant maternal interbreeding with the endogenous wild stock. Evidence for gene-flow between cattle populations from Southwestern Asia and Europe during the earlier phases of the European Neolithic points towards intercontinental trade connections between Neolithic farmers.

Figure 1

MDS Plot of d-loop sequences from 13 spatiotemporal groups of ancient domesticated cattle. The MDS plot is based on Reynolds’ FST. Numbers represent the age of samples in BCE per group; brackets contain the number of sequences per group.

Mitochondrial DNA of ancient Tocharians

It seems there is still something to learn about the ancient Tocharian mummies of Uyghuristan:

Chunxiang Li et al., Analysis of ancient human mitochondrial DNA from the Xiaohe cemetery: insights into prehistoric population movements in the Tarim Basin, China. BMC Genetics 2016. Open accessLINK [doi:10.1186/s12863-015-0237-5]

African admixture events

This paper is probably of interest to many but I don't have the insight to make a proper analysis. Just to mention that I feel deeply uncomfortable with the use of the "Sub-Saharan" term, which has so many wrong ideas attached to it, particularly the word "sub" (under, below) that it really irks me. Why not Trans-Saharan or Ultra-Saharan?, very Roman and not the least Eurocentric but definitely not just all kinds of wrong, as "Sub" is. Why not Tropical and Southern Africa?

Sub-Saharan is not just implicitly Eurocentric and almost certainly racist (sub-what?! subordinated?, sub-human maybe?) but, most importantly, it is geometrically and geographically very wrong. The South is not "under" the North: they are all on the same spheroid surface or equivalent cuasi-plane. Even a primary school student knows that!

Anyhow, this is what they have to say in minimalistic terms:

George BJ Busby et al., Admixture into and within sub-Saharan Africa. eLife 2016. Open access LINK [doi: eLife 2016;5:e15266]

Figure 4. Inference of admixture in sub-Saharan African using GLOBETROTTER. (A) For each group we show the ancestry region identity of the best matching source for the first and, if applicable, second events. Events involving sources that most closely match FULAI and SEMI-BANTU are highlighted by golden and red colours, respectively. Second events can be either multiway, in which case there is a single


You can add any or all of the options below to your trip insurance plan, depending on how and where you're traveling.

Flight insurance

If you're forced to cancel your flight plans because of an illness, conflict or any emergency, you'll be reimbursed for the cost of your airfare up to your plan's limits. Additionally, depending on your plan, you may also be compensated for injuries sustained during your flight or even loss of life due to an accident.

Cruise travel insurance

Cruise insurance can cover you if you miss a leg of your trip or if there's an emergency evacuation at sea. You're also generally covered for unexpected medical issues (pre-existing medical conditions are excluded), cruise cancellations resulting from bad weather and identity theft.

International travel insurance

You'll enjoy the same benefits of travel insurance when vacationing abroad. Your plan covers a short trip to a foreign country or, potentially, an extended stay. Certain countries are excluded.

Get a trip insurance quote online or call for expert advice

Get a quoteOr, call 1-844-276-1214<|endoftext|>to flow during the dry time,
apparently, for large-scale colonization of well-watered canyons such as
Frijoles appears to date from the end of the 13th century. The drift of
the emigrants from the western areas is impossible to trace in detail,
continuing as it did for several generations and originating from many
sources. The Bandelier region may have been something of a melting pot,
assimilating migrants from various distant places. A study of the
pottery types produced in the early days of residence here affords the
best clue to possible origins. Among these types are found precise
copies of decoration styles from a number of the western centers,
indicating that the women potters carried on their respective
traditional decorations upon arrival in their new homes. One particular
kind of black-on-white pottery can hardly be distinguished even by
microscopic examination from a similar ware made in the Mesa Verde
country.

LATE PUEBLO PERIOD.   The upsurge of population and the main<|endoftext|>$18,999 US

Deposit: $9249.50 US

SuperTrike Rolling Chassis

The SuperTrike™ rolling chassis kit come with all the components you need to build your own SuperTrike™.

$18,999 US plus shipping and any applicable taxes. There is a 8 week production schedule for this kit which has to be scheduled within the current production sequence, a deposit of $9249.50 US is due upon ordering, and the remaining 50% balance is due upon completion. There is a 12 month or 12,000 mile warranty on all components for manufacturing defects.

Options: Powder coat paint, price dependent on color chosen.

Rolling Chassis Custom Trike Kit

Measurements & Misc<|endoftext|>Eastwood highlights week of Republican misteps

by Maayan Schechter – Asst. Campus Voice Editor – [email protected]
As a presidential nominee, delegates and convention attendees converged in Tampa, Fla., for the 2012 Republican National Convention, they were greeted with the good, the awkward and the downright awful.
Although the convention was scheduled to begin Aug. 27, GOP organizers called a time-out to let Hurricane Isaac sweep past Tampa, cutting the convention to three days instead of the typical four. Republicans did not let a little rain and wind get in the way of their message for America; that President Obama was to blame for the failed economy. Pointing to a giant digital screen within the convention that showed the national debt, Republican National Committee Chairman Reince Priebus rang in the convention telling the audience attention must be paid “to the unprecedented fiscal recklessness of the Obama administration.”
The Republicans were able to duck from Hurricane Isaac and stride through Rep. Todd Akin’s ignorant rape comments the week before. During the Republican National Convention, there were good times, but there were also awkward moments that will be remembered as the Democratic National Convention convenes in Charlotte this week.
Republicans intelligently chose Tampa as the site of the convention, an area where Medicare and Social Security are hot button issues due to the amount of Baby Boomers and senior citizens living in Florida. Although humidity may have been an annoyance to the curly-haired delegates, Presidential nominee Mitt Romney and his perfect mane gave a warm, heart-wrenching speech about the people who meant    most to him throughout the years.  Romney spoke about the declining economy, his family and his parents who were married more than 60 years, kudos. Romney promised delegates and the nation he was not only running to help your family, but to help you.
Republicans also won as New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie and Ann Romney, Mitt Romney’s wife, spoke with poise and assertion. However, while Ann Romney spoke about the power of love, Christie spoke about the power of respect and rarely spoke of Romney. Which is better? You be the judge.
The awkward moments for the Republicans came during Vice Presidential Paul Ryan’s speech when the media began “fact checking” and dissecting different statements, although not really crucial to hurting Ryan’s reputation. American-Cuban Florida Sen. Marco Rubio fumbled when he said we would remember this election as the moment “we chose more government instead of more freedom.”
Aside from the unique outfit choices of some convention attendees, and the ridiculous dance moves displayed, the most awkward moment of the convention is awarded to Oscar-winner and convention surprise speaker Clint Eastwood and his chair routine.
Eastwood, a long-time Republican, who is famous for the line, “Make my day,” from the Dirty Harry movies, pulled out an empty chair and began speaking to it as though President Obama was seated there.
Attendees sat and stared, and then the awkward “Is he senile?” stare. Eastwood asked the non-existent president many questions, such as  why he had not fulfilled promises.
President Obama was not there, so Eastwood did the only thing he could do; he answered for him. He continued to argue with the chair and have various side conversations.
One of the best lines came when Eastwood mentioned he does not believe lawyers should ever be president, obviously forgetting that Romney himself has a law degree. Seems like Eastwood should stick to cleaning his cars and complaining about disorderly neighbors rather than revving up a crowd.
In one of most unrefined moments of the convention,Yahoo! News Washington editor David Chalian was fired after being heard via an open microphone claiming “they”– the Republican party —  “are happy to have a party with black people drowning.”
Chalian implied as Hurricane Isaac hit New Orleans on the anniversary of Katrina, the GOP would rather party than care about black people.
But possibly the worst and certainly the most racially intense moment came when Patricia Carroll, an African-American CNN camerawoman who was not filming at the time, was assaulted with peanuts and called an animal by a couple of convention attendees.
The two attendees yelled “This is what we feed animals,” and were led out of the convention by security. This moment, while not a major part of the convention, stays with many as the Republican party notoriously lacks a major support from the African-American community.
As many Democrats may disagree with parts of the delegates’ speeches, even Romney’s, overall the Republican National Convention went off without a hitch.
The flubs, the dumb remarks, the awkward chair incident, although downright hilarious, may not so much have an effect on the GOP ticket. Republicans will walk away seeing and hearing the human side of Mitt Romney and especially Paul Ryan.
Now, onto the Democratic National Convention in Charlotte. Who knows, Romney’s hologram may appear as a convention surprise.<|endoftext|>Category Archives: Law

Understanding Lawyer Fees An Overview

The services of an effective lawyer are not a commodity. They can’t be priced like one. Their fees can vary dramatically given the details of your case. If your case requires litigation, a lawyer’s fee will rise quickly (litigation is usually expensive). If a settlement is likely, the fee will reflect that. Below, we’ll give you an overview of lawyers’ fees so you’ll know what to expect when you need to retain their services.

First Step: Meeting With Your Lawyer

Most lawyers will want to schedule a consultation before quoting a fee for their services. During the consultation, they’ll ask questions to understand the kind of work involved in your case. This is the only way a lawyer can quote a reasonable fee. Some lawyers (especially when working with new clients) require a retainer. The retainer isn’t your full legal bill. It usually reflects the amount of work involved in your case when your lawyer is working either on a fixed fee or at an hourly rate.

Contingent Fees

When a lawyer takes your case and agrees to represent you on a contingent fee basis, it’s usually for a civil suit. In this type of arrangement, the lawyer typically won’t charge you for his time. Instead, he receives compensation if the ruling of the case is in your favor. It’s important to note that just because your lawyer is working on a contingent fee, that doesn’t exclude the costs of litigation. You’ll still be required to pay those expenses.

Negotiating The Fee

Some lawyers are open to negotiating their fee. While the best lawyers are typically booked with clients (and thus, unlikely to lower their fees), many lawyers are hungry for your business. If you can’t afford the fee they quote,

 not satisfied. Details are subject to change by plan.

What does travel insurance cover?

Standard coverages

Emergency evacuation and medical coverage

Trip cancellation and interruption coverage

Baggage loss, delay or damage coverage

Claims assistance and dispute resolution

Types of travel insurance

You can add any or all of the options below to your trip insurance plan, depending on how and where you're traveling.

Flight insurance

If you're forced to cancel your flight plans because of an illness, conflict or any emergency, you'll be reimbursed for the cost of your airfare up to your plan's limits. Additionally, depending on your plan, you may also be compensated for injuries sustained during your flight or even loss of life due to an accident.

Cruise travel insurance

Cruise insurance can cover you if you miss a leg of your trip or if there's an emergency evacuation at sea. You're also generally covered for unexpected medical issues (pre-existing medical conditions are excluded), cruise cancellations resulting from bad weather and identity theft.

International travel insurance

You'll enjoy the same benefits of travel insurance when vacationing abroad. Your plan covers a short trip to a foreign country or, potentially, an extended stay. Certain countries are excluded.

Get a trip insurance quote online or call for expert advice

Get a quoteOr, call 1-844-276-1214<|endoftext|>$18,999 US

Deposit: $9249.50 US

SuperTrike Rolling Chassis

The SuperTrike™ rolling chassis kit come with all the components you need to build your own SuperTrike™.

$18,999 US plus shipping and any applicable taxes. There is a 8 week production schedule for this kit which has to be scheduled within the current production sequence, a deposit of $9249.50 US is due upon ordering, and the remaining 50% balance is due upon completion. There is a 12 month or 12,000 mile warranty on all components for manufacturing defects.

Options: Powder coat paint, price dependent on color chosen.

Rolling Chassis Custom Trike Kit

Measurements & Misc<|endoftext|>Eastwood highlights week of Republican misteps

by Maayan Schechter – Asst. Campus Voice Editor – [email protected]
As a presidential nominee, delegates and convention attendees converged in Tampa, Fla., for the 2012 Republican National Convention, they were greeted with the good, the awkward and the downright awful.
Although the convention was scheduled to begin Aug. 27, GOP organizers called a time-out to let Hurricane Isaac sweep past Tampa, cutting the convention to three days instead of the typical four. Republicans did not let a little rain and wind get in the way of their message for America; that President Obama was to blame for the failed economy. Pointing to a giant digital screen within the convention that showed the national debt, Republican National Committee Chairman Reince Priebus rang in the convention telling the audience attention must be paid “to the unprecedented fiscal recklessness of the Obama administration.”
The Republicans were able to duck from Hurricane Isaac and stride through Rep. Todd Akin’s ignorant rape comments the week before. During the Republican National Convention, there were good times, but there were also awkward moments that will be remembered as the Democratic National Convention convenes in Charlotte this week.
Republicans intelligently chose Tampa as the site of the convention, an area where Medicare and Social Security are hot button issues due to the amount of Baby Boomers and senior citizens living in Florida. Although humidity may have been an annoyance to the curly-haired delegates, Presidential nominee Mitt Romney and his perfect mane gave a warm, heart-wrenching speech about the people who meant    most to him throughout the years.  Romney spoke about the declining economy, his family and his parents who were married more than 60 years, kudos. Romney promised delegates and the nation he was not only running to help your family, but to help you.
Republicans also won as New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie and Ann Romney, Mitt Romney’s wife, spoke with poise and assertion. However, while Ann Romney spoke about the power of love, Christie spoke about the power of respect and rarely spoke of Romney. Which is better? You be the judge.
The awkward moments for the Republicans came during Vice Presidential Paul Ryan’s speech when the media began “fact checking” and dissecting different statements, although not really crucial to hurting Ryan’s reputation. American-Cuban Florida Sen. Marco Rubio fumbled when he said we would remember this election as the moment “we chose more government instead of more freedom.”
Aside from the unique outfit choices of some convention attendees, and the ridiculous dance moves displayed, the most awkward moment of the convention is awarded to Oscar-winner and convention surprise speaker Clint Eastwood and his chair routine.
Eastwood, a long-time Republican, who is famous for the line, “Make my day,” from the Dirty Harry movies, pulled out an empty chair and began speaking to it as though President Obama was seated there.
Attendees sat and stared, and then the awkward “Is he senile?” stare. Eastwood asked the non-existent president many questions, such as  why he had not fulfilled promises.
President Obama was not there, so Eastwood did the only thing he could do; he answered for him. He continued to argue with the chair and have various side conversations.
One of the best lines came when Eastwood mentioned he does not believe lawyers should ever be president, obviously forgetting that Romney himself has a law degree. Seems like Eastwood should stick to cleaning his cars and complaining about disorderly neighbors rather than revving up a crowd.
In one of most unrefined moments of the convention,Yahoo! News Washington editor David Chalian was fired after being heard via an open microphone claiming “they”– the Republican party —  “are happy to have a party with black people drowning.”
Chalian implied as Hurricane Isaac hit New Orleans on the anniversary of Katrina, the GOP would rather party than care about black people.
But possibly the worst and certainly the most racially intense moment came when Patricia Carroll, an African-American CNN camerawoman who was not filming at the time, was assaulted with peanuts and called an animal by a couple of convention attendees.
The two attendees yelled “This is what we feed animals,” and were led out of the convention by security. This moment, while not a major part of the convention, stays with many as the Republican party notoriously lacks a major support from the African-American community.
As many Democrats may disagree with parts of the delegates’ speeches, even Romney’s, overall the Republican National Convention went off without a hitch.
The flubs, the dumb remarks, the awkward chair incident, although downright hilarious, may not so much have an effect on the GOP ticket. Republicans will walk away seeing and hearing the human side of Mitt Romney and especially Paul Ryan.
Now, onto the Democratic National Convention in Charlotte. Who knows, Romney’s hologram may appear as a convention surprise.<|endoftext|>Category Archives: Law

Understanding Lawyer Fees An Overview

The services of an effective lawyer are not a commodity. They can’t be priced like one. Their fees can vary dramatically given the details of your case. If your case requires litigation, a lawyer’s fee will rise quickly (litigation is usually expensive). If a settlement is likely, the fee will reflect that. Below, we’ll give you an overview of lawyers’ fees so you’ll know what to expect when you need to retain their services.

First Step: Meeting With Your Lawyer

Most lawyers will want to schedule a consultation before quoting a fee for their services. During the consultation, they’ll ask questions to understand the kind of work involved in your case. This is the only way a lawyer can quote a reasonable fee. Some lawyers (especially when working with new clients) require a retainer. The retainer isn’t your full legal bill. It usually reflects the amount of work involved in your case when your lawyer is working either on a fixed fee or at an hourly rate.

Contingent Fees

When a lawyer takes your case and agrees to represent you on a contingent fee basis, it’s usually for a civil suit. In this type of arrangement, the lawyer typically won’t charge you for his time. Instead, he receives compensation if the ruling of the case is in your favor. It’s important to note that just because your lawyer is working on a contingent fee, that doesn’t exclude the costs of litigation. You’ll still be required to pay those expenses.

Negotiating The Fee

Some lawyers are open to negotiating their fee. While the best lawyers are typically booked with clients (and thus, unlikely to lower their fees), many lawyers are hungry for your business. If you can’t afford the fee they quote, offer a lower fee. Some lawyers may want the experience your case can provide. Or, they may be a new lawyer and willing to reduce their fee to build their business.

If your lawyer is working on an hourly basis, ask him to quote a maximum fee. Keep in mind that every case is unique and the process of a lawsuit often makes it difficult to quote a maximum fee. That said, if a lawyer quotes a small retainer (i.e. $500) and can’t provide a maximum fee, you may be in for an unpleasant legal bill. Most lawyers who quote a $500 retainer will consider your case simple and unlikely to exceed that amount. Lawyers who quote a small retainer yet won’t commit to a maximum may be a sign of trouble.

Other


celebrated, are no fable, and are easily explained.
Around it and upon it are numerous species of _confervæ_ and many small
water plants, which, becoming encrusted with the carbonate of lime
deposited by the water, form with leaves and grasses compact little
masses, which, supported by air bubbles that have lodged beneath,
or from their own lightness, do not sink, and becoming detached by
accident from the shore, swim about and become larger by the junction
of these little masses with each other. These little islands are said
to have been seen of a diameter of some feet, but the largest which
we saw did not exceed two or three inches. A canal has been cut from
the lake to the Teverone, which carries off the superfluous water that
formerly inundated the surrounding plain. Near the large lake are two
others of smaller size, the waters of which are, however, exactly
the same. Sticks, leaves, or insects, or any thing which falls into
these waters, become thickly encrusted with a strong<|endoftext|> bare metal will oxidize and painted surfaces won't, you only need to protect your car from the elements to keep rust a bay. You should maintain your car's body just like everything else. This means a periodic checking of the most common areas where rust might rear its ugly head.

Keep some touch-up paint on hand and periodically go over your entire car's painted exterior with fine tooth comb. Look for chips and nicks in the paint. If you find a chip where surface rust has already weaseled its way in, use sand paper (220 grade or finer) and carefully sand it down to bare metal. Tiny nicks will be a challenge. Wrap the sand paper around the tip of a small screw driver and try not to mar the surrounding painted surface.

Clean the dirt from the chips with a rag dampened with mineral spirits and let dry. Using a touch-up brush, dab a little paint on the nick, just enough to fill in the gap. There's no need to coat the surrounding painted surface. Otherwise it will just make your touch up more noticeable. Do it right and your nick practically becomes invisible. If you botch up your first try just wipe it off with your dampened rag, let dry, and start over.

Periodical washing of your car's undercarriage is also a good way to protect your car from corrosion. Visit your manual car wash on a monthly basis and spray the underside of your car and inside the wheel wells too. A build up of dirt can hold moisture against your car's undercarriage and promote rust. Keeping it clean under there will allow surfaces to dry quicker making it less susceptible to oxidation.

Whether you are in the market for a used car or just trying to maintain your current set of wheels, practice of the following steps can keep rust from eating away your car as well as your pocket book.

A Car Buyer's Bag of Tricks

Car and Travel, NY, Jan '97

When buying a new or used car from a dealer, there are certain tricks-of-the-trade that you can and should use on your salesman to get him down in price. What follows are six tips all designed to put you on the road to a money-saving deal.

1) Choose the right time to get the best deal on a car. The end of the day, the end of the week, the end of the month, and the end of the year are the best times to make a purchase. This means the optimum time to buy a car would be right around New Year's Eve. Of course, not everyone can wait until then, but do try holding out until the end of the month. Most dealerships have certain sales goals they try to meet each month, and when they fall short, they become eager to make a sale at this time.

2) Avoid making the first offer. That's true whether it's for your trade-in or the car you intend to buy. The person who makes the first offer loses an edge by taking that risk of testing the bargaining waters. Offer too low and the dealer scoffs at you. Offer too much and your dollars are flying out the window. Do everything possible to get him to make the first offer in both cases.

When you do make your first offer/counter-offer, always give yourself bargaining room to come up to your target purchase price. If the asking price is $10,000 and you only want to pay $9,500, then offer $9,000. If you offer $9,500, the salesman will counter-offer, expecting you to come up in price to meet him. In this case, it would probably end up at $9,750 which is $250 above your target price.

3) Show some sign of dismay. Throughout the bargaining process, whenever the salesman comes back with a new offer, make some immediate gesture indicating that it's unacceptable. Grunt, moan, raise your eyebrows, flinch, scream--do something--to show that the offer he just made is still out of the ball park. If you don't show some sign of dismay, the salesman will think the offer he just made is within reason, since you didn't seem bothered by it.

4) Create a sense of urgency. While the salesman tries to instill the urgency "buy before it's gone," you can create a similar kind of urgency to lay upon the salesman himself. It's called the "lower your price now or I buy somewhere else" urgency. You must lay it on the line with force like the whole deal hinges on the salesman's decision to reduce the price. If your pitch doesn't come out strong and he calls your bluff, get up and start walking.

5) Use repetition

Repetition works. Repetition works. Don't hesitate to repeat yourself frequently during negotiations. Saying the same thing, but rewording each time works best.

6) Say you'll "sleep On It."

One last-ditch effort to get the salesman to lower his price one more time is by telling him that you wish to sleep on it. Use this ploy only when you are at the end of your negotiations. Stand up, shake the salesman's hand, and tell him how unfortunate it is that you couldn't meet in price...and watch him start adjusting his figures.

There you have it. Six tips designed to save you money. Use them correctly and you just may have enough cash left over for floor mats!

Pay Now or Pay Later...

Seven Steps To Preserving Your Car's Resale Value

(From the Rocky Mountain Motorist, July '96)

Whether you buy new or used, the day you purchase your car is the day to start preparing it for sale. As a proud owner, you do have control over your car's resale value because how you care for your car today will determine its value tomorrow. So with little effort, heed to the following seven steps and your set-of-wheels will be well on its way to cherry-dom.

Step 1: Maintenance

Regardless of what your owner's manual says, change your oil and filter every 3 months or 3,000 miles, whichever comes first. Many owner's manuals out there recommend 7,500 mile intervals which is costly advice. Frequency of oil changes could mean the difference between engine repair at 130,000 miles or well over 200,000 miles. With an oil change costing less than $20, frequent servicing is an inexpensive warranty.

For the rest of your car's maintenance, follow the service schedule in your owner's manual and get your auto tuned when it is due. Your car will run stronger, longer, retain its best possible mileage, and hence, age like a fine wine.

Step 2: Interior Upkeep

If you want top dollar for your car when you sell you must keep it looking like new. Consider a dash cover to keep the sun from baking cracks. A bath towel matching your car's interior set neatly in the rear window is an economical way to keep the sun from fading the fabric back there. For your seats, some inexpensive cotton seat-covers will keep the upholstery pristine and your car's resale value to the max.

Step 3: Exterior Upkeep

For the exterior, keep some touch-up paint on hand to take care of the nicks and chips that all cars get from daily driving. The trick is to re-seal exposed metal before Mr. Rust can set up shop in there.

As for fender-benders, utilize your insurance policy and get your car repaired. Pocket the claim and you will lose twice as much in resale value later down the road. Also, utilizing salvage yards for pricey dealer-only parts like tail-light lenses, moldings, etc. can save you money and keep you car looking good.

Step 4: Driving Style

Our driving style contributes to how many miles we can squeeze from our cars before major repair is needed. Therefore, avoid hard driving - especially on a cold engine. Because motor oil is designed to lubricate an engine best at normal operating temperature, most wear occurs from the time we start it until normal operating temperature is reached (about 5 to 7 minutes on a stone-cold engine).

This few minute period is crucial. Take it easy on the accelerator and try not to go over 55 mph until the engine has completely warmed up. Get in the habit of leaving a couple of minutes early to avoid rushing. The only place hot-rodding will get you to in a hurry is to the repair shop.

 bare metal will oxidize and painted surfaces won't, you only need to protect your car from the elements to keep rust a bay. You should maintain your car's body just like everything else. This means a periodic checking of the most common areas where rust might rear its ugly head.

Keep some touch-up paint on hand and periodically go over your entire car's painted exterior with fine tooth comb. Look for chips and nicks in the paint. If you find a chip where surface rust has already weaseled its way in, use sand paper (220 grade or finer) and carefully sand it down to bare metal. Tiny nicks will be a challenge. Wrap the sand paper around the tip of a small screw driver and try not to mar the surrounding painted surface.

Clean the dirt from the chips with a rag dampened with mineral spirits and let dry. Using a touch-up brush, dab a little paint on the nick, just enough to fill in the gap. There's no need to coat the surrounding painted surface. Otherwise it will just make your touch up more noticeable. Do it right and your nick practically becomes invisible. If you botch up your first try just wipe it off with your dampened rag, let dry, and start over.

Periodical washing of your car's undercarriage is also a good way to protect your car from corrosion. Visit your manual car wash on a monthly basis and spray the underside of your car and inside the wheel wells too. A build up of dirt can hold moisture against your car's undercarriage and promote rust. Keeping it clean under there will allow surfaces to dry quicker making it less susceptible to oxidation.

Whether you are in the market for a used car or just trying to maintain your current set of wheels, practice of the following steps can keep rust from eating away your car as well as your pocket book.

A Car Buyer's Bag of Tricks

Car and Travel, NY, Jan '97

When buying a new or used car from a dealer, there are certain tricks-of-the-trade that you can and should use on your salesman to get him down in price. What follows are six tips all designed to put you on the road to a money-saving deal.

1) Choose the right time to get the best deal on a car. The end of the day, the end of the week, the end of the month, and the end of the year are the best times to make a purchase. This means the optimum time to buy a car would be right around New Year's Eve. Of course, not everyone can wait until then, but do try holding out until the end of the month. Most dealerships have certain sales goals they try to meet each month, and when they fall short, they become eager to make a sale at this time.

2) Avoid making the first offer. That's true whether it's for your trade-in or the car you intend to buy. The person who makes the first offer loses an edge by taking that risk of testing the bargaining waters. Offer too low and the dealer scoffs at you. Offer too much and your dollars are flying out the window. Do everything possible to get him to make the first offer in both cases.

When you do make your first offer/counter-offer, always give yourself bargaining room to come up to your target purchase price. If the asking price is $10,000 and you only want to pay $9,500, then offer $9,000. If you offer $9,500, the salesman will counter-offer, expecting you to come up in price to meet him. In this case, it would probably end up at $9,750 which is $250 above your target price.

3) Show some sign of dismay. Throughout the bargaining process, whenever the salesman comes back with a new offer, make some immediate gesture indicating that it's unacceptable. Grunt, moan, raise your eyebrows, flinch, scream--do something--to show that the offer he just made is still out of the ball park. If you don't show some sign of dismay, the salesman will think the offer he just made is within reason, since you didn't seem bothered by it.

4) Create a sense of urgency. While the salesman tries to instill the urgency "buy before it's gone," you can create a similar kind of urgency to lay upon the salesman himself. It's called the "lower your price now or I buy somewhere else" urgency. You must lay it on the line with force like the whole deal hinges on the salesman's decision to reduce the price. If your pitch doesn't come out strong and he calls your bluff, get up and start walking.

5) Use repetition

Repetition works. Repetition works. Don't hesitate to repeat yourself frequently during negotiations. Saying the same thing, but rewording each time works best.

6) Say you'll "sleep On It."

One last-ditch effort to get the salesman to lower his price one more time is by telling him that you wish to sleep on it. Use this ploy only when you are at the end of your negotiations. Stand up, shake the salesman's hand, and tell him how unfortunate it is that you couldn't meet in price...and watch him start adjusting his figures.

There you have it. Six tips designed to save you money. Use them correctly and you just may have enough cash left over for floor mats!

Pay Now or Pay Later...

Seven Steps To Preserving Your Car's Resale Value

(From the Rocky Mountain Motorist, July '96)

Whether you buy new or used, the day you purchase your car is the day to start preparing it for sale. As a proud owner, you do have control over your car's resale value because how you care for your car today will determine its value tomorrow. So with little effort, heed to the following seven steps and your set-of-wheels will be well on its way to cherry-dom.

Step 1: Maintenance

Regardless of what your owner's manual says, change your oil and filter every 3 months or 3,000 miles, whichever comes first. Many owner's manuals out there recommend 7,500 mile intervals which is costly advice. Frequency of oil changes could mean the difference between engine repair at 130,000 miles or well over 200,000 miles. With an oil change costing less than $20, frequent servicing is an inexpensive warranty.

For the rest of your car's maintenance, follow the service schedule in your owner's manual and get your auto tuned when it is due. Your car will run stronger, longer, retain its best possible mileage, and hence, age like a fine wine.

Step 2: Interior Upkeep

If you want top dollar for your car when you sell you must keep it looking like new. Consider a dash cover to keep the sun from baking cracks. A bath towel matching your car's interior set neatly in the rear window is an economical way to keep the sun from fading the fabric back there. For your seats, some inexpensive cotton seat-covers will keep the upholstery pristine and your car's resale value to the max.

Step 3: Exterior Upkeep

For the exterior, keep some touch-up paint on hand to take care of the nicks and chips that all cars get from daily driving. The trick is to re-seal exposed metal before Mr. Rust can set up shop in there.

As for fender-benders, utilize your insurance policy and get your car repaired. Pocket the claim and you will lose twice as much in resale value later down the road. Also, utilizing salvage yards for pricey dealer-only parts like tail-light lenses, moldings, etc. can save you money and keep you car looking good.

Step 4: Driving Style

Our driving style contributes to how many miles we can squeeze from our cars before major repair is needed. Therefore, avoid hard driving - especially on a cold engine. Because motor oil is designed to lubricate an engine best at normal operating temperature, most wear occurs from the time we start it until normal operating temperature is reached (about 5 to 7 minutes on a stone-cold engine).

This few minute period is crucial. Take it easy on the accelerator and try not to go over 55 mph until the engine has completely warmed up. Get in the habit of leaving a couple of minutes early to avoid rushing. The only place hot-rodding will get you to in a hurry is to the repair shop.

Step 5: Records

Without receipts to back up your word, no one will take a 3,000 mile oil-change claim seriously. Therefore, keeping records of all the service and repair done to your car can add to its resale value. Whether it's an oil change, tune-up, or new brakes, keep a file for all those receipts.

If you do your own maintenance, start a computer generated or hand written ledger and log in the mileage, date, service performed, parts replaced, etc. As for receipts, you can save the ones from all the cases of oil, oil filters, air filters, spark plugs, etc. you will be buying from your local supply store. These will also have the date on them which will allow you to show chronological evidence that the car has been serviced regularly.

When the day finally comes to sell or trade in your car, open up your folder full of neatly kept receipts and watch the buyer's eyes light up. The proof is in the pudding. Everyone wants a car that has been well cared for.

Step 6: Detailing

A thorough, deep


with today's hearing. Have
you made available to the Commission all of the material which was
requested in that letter?

Mr. MARTIN. Yes, sir; I went through everything I had at home, and
could find nothing else.

Mr. REDLICH. If you should find anything else which you inadvertently
failed to bring before this Commission, will you mail it to us for
examination and we will return it to you.

Mr. MARTIN. Yes, sir; there is a Worker that I have.

Mr. REDLICH. You mean by Worker the Daily Worker?

Mr. MARTIN. Yes. I think they dropped the "Daily."

Mr. DULLES. They are no longer daily.

Mr. MARTIN. It is called the Worker now. It has quite a lengthy article
about Marina in it, and I will send that to you.

Mr. REDLICH. And you will send anything that you may come across which
you may have inadvertently failed to produce before this Commission?

Mr. MARTIN. Yes, sir.

Mr. REDLICH. I have no further questions, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. DULLES. There were some questions that Senator Cooper had<|endoftext|> with a sharper, pointed collar, match the vertical short edge to the long horizontal collar edge, then finger-press the crease.

2. Machine-baste using a light color or white thread along the foldline. Leave long thread tails, and don’t knot or backstitch at the ends of the basting stitch. Avoid using highly contrasting thread (even though it might be easier to see), because the intense color could leave a mark as the thread is removed.

3. Echo-stitch the collar. Starting at the raw edge of the collar, stitch parallel to the vertical short side using the right side edge of your presser foot as your guide. Once your needle reaches the diagonal basting stitch, with your needle in the down position, turn the collar, continuing to stitch along the horizontal outer edge of the collar, turning again at the opposite corner and stitching down the other front edge.

4. Echo-stitch a presser foot width away. If you like your echo stitching rows closer together, switch to a ¼-inch foot. When your needle hits the diagonal basting stitching, turn and continue stitching. Keep your stitching parallel to the original row at all times until your needle hits the opposite diagonal basting stitch, turn again, and continue stitching.

In observing echo stitching in ready-to-wear, I found five to seven rows of stitching, but, the echo stitching could have continued until the entire collar was covered, turning each time at the diagonal basting stitching line.

Once the echo stitching is completed, the basting stitch is removed, and the garment is pressed to set the stitches. In the example below, I’ve used contrasting thread so that it’s easier to see. Normally, you would baste in a light-colored or matching thread.

As you can see, stitching through heavier fabrics can cause echo stitching that looks askew.

In ready-to-wear, echo-stitched garments are stitched with tone-on-tone threads to help mask this problem.

There you have it! What do you think of echo stitching? Have you used this type of stitch in your garments?

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  1. ASiverson | | #1

    Thank you for this informative article. It was enlightening!

  2. Tena_L | | #2

    Great directions and photos. Could you give a couple of examples of the type of fabric you would describe as "dimensional'?

  3. mjz | | #3

    I've used it to control facings and lapels that just wouldn't lay right. It's also possible to add curvature to a collar by careful feeding of the fabric while stitching. (Think pad-stitching, but by machine.)

    It's a nice way to add some style to a plain garment while retaining its mix-and-match versatility. Use same-color thread, and follow pocket edges, necks, hems, anywhere the fabric is doubled.

  4. StarrMarlene | | #4

    This is the technique I use to "quilt" two layers of fabric to a very thin padding on the power bar of a bra pattern. This gives a bit more lift and support for a larger cup size.

  5. Theresa_in_Tucson | | #5

    Louise, I'm glad you added the comment that using a high contrast thread could result in a wonky look because that was my impression of the first photo. I have used this technique but only using one of my old Singer straight stitch machines. With my zig zag machine, a grand old Bernina 930, the stitching looks like your photo.

  6. user-2657171 | | #6

    I used the same technique on a heavy knit sleeveless jacket. I stitched the mandarin collar, front and pocket tops/back belt. I was frequently complimented on my trapunto work even though I did not add any padding between the lines of stitching.

  7. User avater
    eatsallinsects | | #7

    WOW! This brought back memories!
    I did this in Junior High School in our Home Ec class for a potholder.
    Received an A+ from the teacher! LOL!

  8. User avater
    Grandcarr | | #8

    Thanks for the great tip!

  9. User avater
    agapantha | | #9

    I learned echo stitching from my grandmother as a quilting technique. On clothing I've used it for decorative effects and to hold facings in place. My favorite use was on a shift dress made of fabric just a bit too light to hang properly. I used echo stitching on the deep hem which gave the bottom of the dress just enough extra body to hold the skirt in place, similar to using a weight chain in the hem of a jacket.

  10. ustabahippie | | #10

    I love this look. I probably could have figured out how to do it myself, but might never have thought to. Might just try it on the jacket I have cut out now.

  11. justwilli | | #11

    Have used this treatment for many tears in quilting and ,clothing a great tip, and thank you for sharing.

  12. user-248785 | | #12

    As a long time experienced seamstress who has many times used contrasting color threads, your sample is an insult to your Threads magazine. What a shame that you did not take the time to stitch in straight lines or learn how to turn a corner correctly.

  13. sewfun611 | | #13

    This would like nice on linen for clothing or table linens. Thanks for sharing.

  14. User avater
    user-933140 | | #14

    Thanks for the info. I never thought to put in a basting stitch on the 45 degree. Nice and easy that way

  15. User avater
    LizKelley | | #15

    I would never let work,of this quality leave my sewing room. Also it would be much better to embellish the fabric and the cut out the pattern piece, unless this make the piece too stiff to handle.

  16. User avater
    user-137240 | | #16

    The full article has a quote next to the natural linen sample showing what can happen using a heavier fabric.

    "As you can see, stitching through heavier fabrics can cause echo stitching that looks askew. In ready-to-wear, echo-stitched garments are stitched with tone-on-tone threads to help mask this problem."

    The white pique fabric shows the 45 degree stitching to help turn as you get to the corner. The color even in the white examples, in the finished garment, I would have used tone on tone color. The color thread was used so the camera can pick up the technique.

    Hope this helps why you see what can happen when using thicker or dimensional fabric are used

  17. user-1104124 | | #17

    Thank you Louise for for sharing your valuable technique. For years I have relied on the corner itself as guide, so many ripping years later I found a foolproof way to sew echo stitches on items that have corners. I have used this kind of stitching as embellishments on sleeves and tunic hems.

  18. NinaLBoston | | #18

    Wow -- this brought back memories. My troup leader had us do echo stitching as a way to learn to handle a sewing machine. This was centuries ago in 4-H. I remember being in tears over mine! I like the idea of adding stitching to a deep hem to embellish and add weight and stiffness. I look forward to trying this on cotton.
    Any special tips for a scalloped hem? It might be just too cute. Maybe I'll save for a slightly

 with a sharper, pointed collar, match the vertical short edge to the long horizontal collar edge, then finger-press the crease.

2. Machine-baste using a light color or white thread along the foldline. Leave long thread tails, and don’t knot or backstitch at the ends of the basting stitch. Avoid using highly contrasting thread (even though it might be easier to see), because the intense color could leave a mark as the thread is removed.

3. Echo-stitch the collar. Starting at the raw edge of the collar, stitch parallel to the vertical short side using the right side edge of your presser foot as your guide. Once your needle reaches the diagonal basting stitch, with your needle in the down position, turn the collar, continuing to stitch along the horizontal outer edge of the collar, turning again at the opposite corner and stitching down the other front edge.

4. Echo-stitch a presser foot width away. If you like your echo stitching rows closer together, switch to a ¼-inch foot. When your needle hits the diagonal basting stitching, turn and continue stitching. Keep your stitching parallel to the original row at all times until your needle hits the opposite diagonal basting stitch, turn again, and continue stitching.

In observing echo stitching in ready-to-wear, I found five to seven rows of stitching, but, the echo stitching could have continued until the entire collar was covered, turning each time at the diagonal basting stitching line.

Once the echo stitching is completed, the basting stitch is removed, and the garment is pressed to set the stitches. In the example below, I’ve used contrasting thread so that it’s easier to see. Normally, you would baste in a light-colored or matching thread.

As you can see, stitching through heavier fabrics can cause echo stitching that looks askew.

In ready-to-wear, echo-stitched garments are stitched with tone-on-tone threads to help mask this problem.

There you have it! What do you think of echo stitching? Have you used this type of stitch in your garments?

Sign up for the Threads eletter

Sign Up

Threads Insider

Start Your Free Trial

Already an Insider? Log in

Subscribe to Threads today

Save up to 37% and get a free gift

  1. ASiverson | | #1

    Thank you for this informative article. It was enlightening!

  2. Tena_L | | #2

    Great directions and photos. Could you give a couple of examples of the type of fabric you would describe as "dimensional'?

  3. mjz | | #3

    I've used it to control facings and lapels that just wouldn't lay right. It's also possible to add curvature to a collar by careful feeding of the fabric while stitching. (Think pad-stitching, but by machine.)

    It's a nice way to add some style to a plain garment while retaining its mix-and-match versatility. Use same-color thread, and follow pocket edges, necks, hems, anywhere the fabric is doubled.

  4. StarrMarlene | | #4

    This is the technique I use to "quilt" two layers of fabric to a very thin padding on the power bar of a bra pattern. This gives a bit more lift and support for a larger cup size.

  5. Theresa_in_Tucson | | #5

    Louise, I'm glad you added the comment that using a high contrast thread could result in a wonky look because that was my impression of the first photo. I have used this technique but only using one of my old Singer straight stitch machines. With my zig zag machine, a grand old Bernina 930, the stitching looks like your photo.

  6. user-2657171 | | #6

    I used the same technique on a heavy knit sleeveless jacket. I stitched the mandarin collar, front and pocket tops/back belt. I was frequently complimented on my trapunto work even though I did not add any padding between the lines of stitching.

  7. User avater
    eatsallinsects | | #7

    WOW! This brought back memories!
    I did this in Junior High School in our Home Ec class for a potholder.
    Received an A+ from the teacher! LOL!

  8. User avater
    Grandcarr | | #8

    Thanks for the great tip!

  9. User avater
    agapantha | | #9

    I learned echo stitching from my grandmother as a quilting technique. On clothing I've used it for decorative effects and to hold facings in place. My favorite use was on a shift dress made of fabric just a bit too light to hang properly. I used echo stitching on the deep hem which gave the bottom of the dress just enough extra body to hold the skirt in place, similar to using a weight chain in the hem of a jacket.

  10. ustabahippie | | #10

    I love this look. I probably could have figured out how to do it myself, but might never have thought to. Might just try it on the jacket I have cut out now.

  11. justwilli | | #11

    Have used this treatment for many tears in quilting and ,clothing a great tip, and thank you for sharing.

  12. user-248785 | | #12

    As a long time experienced seamstress who has many times used contrasting color threads, your sample is an insult to your Threads magazine. What a shame that you did not take the time to stitch in straight lines or learn how to turn a corner correctly.

  13. sewfun611 | | #13

    This would like nice on linen for clothing or table linens. Thanks for sharing.

  14. User avater
    user-933140 | | #14

    Thanks for the info. I never thought to put in a basting stitch on the 45 degree. Nice and easy that way

  15. User avater
    LizKelley | | #15

    I would never let work,of this quality leave my sewing room. Also it would be much better to embellish the fabric and the cut out the pattern piece, unless this make the piece too stiff to handle.

  16. User avater
    user-137240 | | #16

    The full article has a quote next to the natural linen sample showing what can happen using a heavier fabric.

    "As you can see, stitching through heavier fabrics can cause echo stitching that looks askew. In ready-to-wear, echo-stitched garments are stitched with tone-on-tone threads to help mask this problem."

    The white pique fabric shows the 45 degree stitching to help turn as you get to the corner. The color even in the white examples, in the finished garment, I would have used tone on tone color. The color thread was used so the camera can pick up the technique.

    Hope this helps why you see what can happen when using thicker or dimensional fabric are used

  17. user-1104124 | | #17

    Thank you Louise for for sharing your valuable technique. For years I have relied on the corner itself as guide, so many ripping years later I found a foolproof way to sew echo stitches on items that have corners. I have used this kind of stitching as embellishments on sleeves and tunic hems.

  18. NinaLBoston | | #18

    Wow -- this brought back memories. My troup leader had us do echo stitching as a way to learn to handle a sewing machine. This was centuries ago in 4-H. I remember being in tears over mine! I like the idea of adding stitching to a deep hem to embellish and add weight and stiffness. I look forward to trying this on cotton.
    Any special tips for a scalloped hem? It might be just too cute. Maybe I'll save for a slightly different hem on a straight skirt -- when I don't want anything that's overly eyecatching.

  19. User avater
    KarenQuiltsTexas | | #19

    Great tutorial. But I'd suggest a different needle. A quilting needle is not the sharpest, it's actually a bit ball point, to handle the batting without pushing it through to the other side of the quilt sandwich. A sharp topstitch, with it's extra sharp tip and longer eye would give straighter penetration in heavy fabrics. I would bet this machine had a horizontal rotary hook as well... a vertical hook, with it's naturally straighter stitch quality would look even better. A rotary has an extra half twist in ever stitch because of the vertical nature of the needle thread meeting up and going round the horizontally carried bobbin thread! This type of stitching also looks lovely done with the double or reinforcing stitch!

  20. user-4230312 | | #20

    Boy, what rude comments, user-248785 and LizKelley. You didn't deserve the polite response you got from Ms. Cutting. Thank you, Louise, for showing us this. BTW, today I used another of your techniques that I learned here and it worked brilliantly. Thank you!

  21. Pood | | #21