The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about moral scenarios.

For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I used shampoo to clean the dishes. Scenario 2 | I knew my hard-working husband loved sports, so I turned on the ballgame when we sat down to watch TV.
A. Wrong, Wrong
B. Wrong, Not wrong
C. Not wrong, Wrong
D. Not wrong, Not wrong
Answer: B<|endoftext|> example.

So I know that I don’t walk enough–that was one of my problems. I’m a mountain biker, so I pedal lots and lots, and I sit lots and lots when I’m working, but I don’t really walk around too much. The reason I didn’t use to walk around too much was because I found it really, really boring.

So I first thought I would get a FitBit and track the number of steps I’m taking each day. And that was horrifying. I was doing 400 steps a day or something on some days, working from home. Really, really low. And in the end, the solution was not FitBit, it was to get a dog.

A few months ago we got a dog – and I apologize, he barked earlier and I had to kick it out of the room. So not so great for podcasting but great for walking. Now I walk at least an hour a day, and I really enjoy it. It’s really fun.

So maybe sometimes the answer is not to track the number of steps or track whatever it is you’re interested in, but instead insert some interrupt into your life that’s going to lead to the behavior change that gets the desired outcome.

(1:03:56) [Damien Blenkinsopp]: Yeah, that’s really clever, changing your environment like that. Definitely one of the most effective things I’ve found is changing your environment.

So, you’ve had a lot of insight, and it sounds like you’ve made a lot of changes over time. Are there any other more recent changes or things you’re thinking about based on any of these things that you’ve tracked or that have come up? Or are you basically optimized now and you’re quite happy?

[Christopher Kelly]: I am very happy, actually, but I am worried.

One of the reasons I’ve been so good at doing–I say so good. People have told me I’m quite good at doing the podcast, and then also the client calls. It’s because I was so able to relate to the other person’s specific situation, because I had also been through that same situation. I’m worried that I’m losing that now.

But, I do continue to think about it, and maybe there’s something I’m missing, but one of the things I advocate is that it really isn’t that hard. There aren’t that many things to think about.

Diet, which we talked a lot about on the podcast. There’s appropriate management of stress; you’re never going to get away from stress, but you need some way to appropriately manage it. Whatever you do, don’t be lonely. That’s like smoking 15 cigarettes a day. Just because you live in London doesn’t mean you’re not lonely; it’s perfectly easy to be lonely even though…

[Damien Blenkinsopp]: Well especially with all of our devices these days. I think a lot of people choose that route rather than…

[Christopher Kelly]: Exactly. Yeah. So these real relationships are being replaced by Facebook and Twitter and all the rest of this stuff.

And then what else is there, there’s movement, appropriate movement. You need to walk, I think, and you need to occasionally lift heavy things and maybe sprint. And that’s really all there is to it. It’s not that complicated. Or at least it didn’t take me long to say it.

(1:05:35) [Damien Blenkinsopp]: Yeah, excellent.

If you were to recommend just one experiment that someone should try to improve their body – and it could be to improve health, performance, longevity, whatever they’re after or whatever you think is most important – with the biggest payoff, what would that be?

[Christopher Kelly]: Definitely monitoring blood glucose, without a question.

[Damien Blenkinsopp]: Okay. Is that with the CGM or a blood meter? How should they do that, and how…

[Christopher Kelly]: I think most people are not going to have access to the CGM.

I have worn one, personally. Somebody sent me one from New Zealand. So I’m in Santa Cruz in California and I believe that you still need a prescription from a doctor to get one, which is unfortunate, and I’m sure that will change in the future. Somebody sent me one from New Zealand and I did learn a couple of things.

The first was that when I walk, my blood glucose goes down quite surprisingly rapidly, even walking with a three year old girl. So most people would think that’s nothing, that’s not enough exercise to have any impact on anything. But it turns out that it is.

So I can prevent postprandial glucose spikes just by going for a walk with my three year old daughter. And I never would have known that without the continuous monitor. You just wouldn’t know to stick your finger to see that it’s happening.

And then the other thing I found out from the CGM was that intense exercise really, really raises my blood glucose. I don’t know whether its cortisol or what, I haven’t done continuous cortisol monitoring. But when I do intense exercise I can get my blood glucose up to 180 milligrams/deciliter, no trouble at all. So, that kind of makes you aware of the fact that it’s not just the food you put into your mouth that can raise blood glucose.

The place to start is with the finger stick test that everybody has access to. You can go to your local drug store, anywhere in the world, and pick up one of these finger stick tests that I know you’ve talked about on the podcast before. Then just check your blood glucose first thing in the morning.

Optimal evidence based reference range for fasting blood glucose is 83 to 88 milligrams/deciliter. So that’s what one of our models is trying to predict, being out of range. So that’s where I think you should be, and that’s where I am now. It took me a while to get there, but I am in that optimal range.

[Damien Blenkinsopp]: Is that throughout the day? So they can check it at any time away from food or…

[Christopher Kelly]: I’m not sure.

I wouldn’t want to see excursions too far out of that reference range. Once you go above 120 it becomes questionable whether you’re doing yourself any good. Obviously there’s going to be some excursions. If you’re eating any carbohydrate at all then it’s going to go above 100, I would expect.

But I think the fasting value is really interesting because we have some epidemiological data that shows hazard ratios go up significantly once you get above – or below actually – that 83 to 88 milligrams/deciliter in fasting blood glucose.

[Damien Blenkinsopp]: Right. So is that first thing in the morning then?

[Christopher Kelly]: Exactly. As soon as you get up, you stick your finger before you’ve had a chance to move around too much or eat anything.

[Damien Blenkinsopp]: Yeah. I do think sometimes that’s a tricky one for some people, like me, because with my CGM I’ve seen over time really quickly after I wake up I start to get a rise from cortisol.

[Christopher Kelly]: Okay.

[Damien Blenkinsopp]: And so it’s always made me wonder.

I’ve been going to get my blood’s fasting glucose for years, and it didn’t necessarily come back ideal. But then if I look at the whole day, I’m basically in the optimum range all the time. And it’s just this one little spike when I wake up in the morning.

I think I do have some cortisol dysregulation, but I think it’s relatively common as well.

(1:09:11) [Damien Blenkinsopp]: Just on your exercise thing you were talking about. I maybe have a little bit of information for you there. I’ve been testing the Wim Hof method recently.

[Christopher Kelly]: Oh yeah. I am familiar, I’ve tried it.

[Damien Blenkinsopp]: Have you? Oh cool. Well how are you finding it?

[Christopher Kelly]: It’s hyperventilating, and it made my face tingle, and I felt kind of funny. I could see that it was doing something. But yeah I’m not sure what else to say about it.

[Damien Blenkinsopp]: I’ve been through the whole program and taking it

 example.

So I know that I don’t walk enough–that was one of my problems. I’m a mountain biker, so I pedal lots and lots, and I sit lots and lots when I’m working, but I don’t really walk around too much. The reason I didn’t use to walk around too much was because I found it really, really boring.

So I first thought I would get a FitBit and track the number of steps I’m taking each day. And that was horrifying. I was doing 400 steps a day or something on some days, working from home. Really, really low. And in the end, the solution was not FitBit, it was to get a dog.

A few months ago we got a dog – and I apologize, he barked earlier and I had to kick it out of the room. So not so great for podcasting but great for walking. Now I walk at least an hour a day, and I really enjoy it. It’s really fun.

So maybe sometimes the answer is not to track the number of steps or track whatever it is you’re interested in, but instead insert some interrupt into your life that’s going to lead to the behavior change that gets the desired outcome.

(1:03:56) [Damien Blenkinsopp]: Yeah, that’s really clever, changing your environment like that. Definitely one of the most effective things I’ve found is changing your environment.

So, you’ve had a lot of insight, and it sounds like you’ve made a lot of changes over time. Are there any other more recent changes or things you’re thinking about based on any of these things that you’ve tracked or that have come up? Or are you basically optimized now and you’re quite happy?

[Christopher Kelly]: I am very happy, actually, but I am worried.

One of the reasons I’ve been so good at doing–I say so good. People have told me I’m quite good at doing the podcast, and then also the client calls. It’s because I was so able to relate to the other person’s specific situation, because I had also been through that same situation. I’m worried that I’m losing that now.

But, I do continue to think about it, and maybe there’s something I’m missing, but one of the things I advocate is that it really isn’t that hard. There aren’t that many things to think about.

Diet, which we talked a lot about on the podcast. There’s appropriate management of stress; you’re never going to get away from stress, but you need some way to appropriately manage it. Whatever you do, don’t be lonely. That’s like smoking 15 cigarettes a day. Just because you live in London doesn’t mean you’re not lonely; it’s perfectly easy to be lonely even though…

[Damien Blenkinsopp]: Well especially with all of our devices these days. I think a lot of people choose that route rather than…

[Christopher Kelly]: Exactly. Yeah. So these real relationships are being replaced by Facebook and Twitter and all the rest of this stuff.

And then what else is there, there’s movement, appropriate movement. You need to walk, I think, and you need to occasionally lift heavy things and maybe sprint. And that’s really all there is to it. It’s not that complicated. Or at least it didn’t take me long to say it.

(1:05:35) [Damien Blenkinsopp]: Yeah, excellent.

If you were to recommend just one experiment that someone should try to improve their body – and it could be to improve health, performance, longevity, whatever they’re after or whatever you think is most important – with the biggest payoff, what would that be?

[Christopher Kelly]: Definitely monitoring blood glucose, without a question.

[Damien Blenkinsopp]: Okay. Is that with the CGM or a blood meter? How should they do that, and how…

[Christopher Kelly]: I think most people are not going to have access to the CGM.

I have worn one, personally. Somebody sent me one from New Zealand. So I’m in Santa Cruz in California and I believe that you still need a prescription from a doctor to get one, which is unfortunate, and I’m sure that will change in the future. Somebody sent me one from New Zealand and I did learn a couple of things.

The first was that when I walk, my blood glucose goes down quite surprisingly rapidly, even walking with a three year old girl. So most people would think that’s nothing, that’s not enough exercise to have any impact on anything. But it turns out that it is.

So I can prevent postprandial glucose spikes just by going for a walk with my three year old daughter. And I never would have known that without the continuous monitor. You just wouldn’t know to stick your finger to see that it’s happening.

And then the other thing I found out from the CGM was that intense exercise really, really raises my blood glucose. I don’t know whether its cortisol or what, I haven’t done continuous cortisol monitoring. But when I do intense exercise I can get my blood glucose up to 180 milligrams/deciliter, no trouble at all. So, that kind of makes you aware of the fact that it’s not just the food you put into your mouth that can raise blood glucose.

The place to start is with the finger stick test that everybody has access to. You can go to your local drug store, anywhere in the world, and pick up one of these finger stick tests that I know you’ve talked about on the podcast before. Then just check your blood glucose first thing in the morning.

Optimal evidence based reference range for fasting blood glucose is 83 to 88 milligrams/deciliter. So that’s what one of our models is trying to predict, being out of range. So that’s where I think you should be, and that’s where I am now. It took me a while to get there, but I am in that optimal range.

[Damien Blenkinsopp]: Is that throughout the day? So they can check it at any time away from food or…

[Christopher Kelly]: I’m not sure.

I wouldn’t want to see excursions too far out of that reference range. Once you go above 120 it becomes questionable whether you’re doing yourself any good. Obviously there’s going to be some excursions. If you’re eating any carbohydrate at all then it’s going to go above 100, I would expect.

But I think the fasting value is really interesting because we have some epidemiological data that shows hazard ratios go up significantly once you get above – or below actually – that 83 to 88 milligrams/deciliter in fasting blood glucose.

[Damien Blenkinsopp]: Right. So is that first thing in the morning then?

[Christopher Kelly]: Exactly. As soon as you get up, you stick your finger before you’ve had a chance to move around too much or eat anything.

[Damien Blenkinsopp]: Yeah. I do think sometimes that’s a tricky one for some people, like me, because with my CGM I’ve seen over time really quickly after I wake up I start to get a rise from cortisol.

[Christopher Kelly]: Okay.

[Damien Blenkinsopp]: And so it’s always made me wonder.

I’ve been going to get my blood’s fasting glucose for years, and it didn’t necessarily come back ideal. But then if I look at the whole day, I’m basically in the optimum range all the time. And it’s just this one little spike when I wake up in the morning.

I think I do have some cortisol dysregulation, but I think it’s relatively common as well.

(1:09:11) [Damien Blenkinsopp]: Just on your exercise thing you were talking about. I maybe have a little bit of information for you there. I’ve been testing the Wim Hof method recently.

[Christopher Kelly]: Oh yeah. I am familiar, I’ve tried it.

[Damien Blenkinsopp]: Have you? Oh cool. Well how are you finding it?

[Christopher Kelly]: It’s hyperventilating, and it made my face tingle, and I felt kind of funny. I could see that it was doing something. But yeah I’m not sure what else to say about it.

[Damien Blenkinsopp]: I’ve been through the whole program and taking it pretty seriously. It’s actually helping me with some things which I’ll cover in a later episode.

But I’ve tracked it extensively as well with CGM and things like that, and the breathing, the hyperventilation, whacks up your blood sugar every single time.

Yeah, with a cortisol response. So it makes you wonder if when we get an exercise response, is that due to the breathing? Because when we’re exercising hard, we’re actually breathing really hard as well. Or is it the actual exercise as the actual trigger?

[Christopher Kelly]: It’s a


 through, and to detect sound, you need to measure this back-and-forth motion.

Back in 1986, scientists invented optical tweezers – which use a laser beam to grab hold of tiny particles and move them around. (These are pretty useful if you need to inject DNA into cells and manipulate it once it’s inside.) They can also measure the tiny forces acting on tiny particles: grab hold of a particle, watch it with a microscope, and see how it moves.

And to listen at the microscale, Jochen Feldmann and colleagues at the Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich use a particle of gold 60 nanometers in diameter, immersed in water, and held in optical tweezers.

  1. They trapped one gold nanoparticle (the nano-ear) in a laser beam, and then fired rapid pulses of light from a second laser at other nanoparticles a few micrometers away.
  2. The pulses heated the nanoparticles, which disturbed the water around them, generating pressure, or sound, waves (pictured).
  3. They recorded the movements of the nano-ear in response to acoustic vibrations caused by the other tiny gold particles heating up in the water nearby.

The gold nano-ear jiggled back and forth, as if it were reacting to the sound waves. When they varied the frequency, the trapped particle matched the frequency every time, and the direction of its movement lined up with the sound waves' direction, New Scientist explains.

“With our nano-ear, we have developed a nanomicrophone that allows us to get closer than ever to microscopic objects,” study author Alexander Ohlinger says.

The nano-ear picked up sounds down to some minus 60 decibels – a level one-millionth of that detectable by the human ear. That makes it more sensitive than any other sound detector capable of detecting acoustic waves, says study coauthor Andrey Lutich.

If these nano-ears were to be arranged into a 3D array, they could be used to listen in on microbes like viruses and bacteria – all of which emit very faint acoustic vibrations as they move.

They could also tell us more about how cells change as a result of disease. (Red blood cells, for example, vibrate less when they’re infected with the malaria parasite.)

The work was published in Physical Review Letters this month.

Via ScienceNOW, New Scientist.

Image from Ohlinger et al.

Share this

Janet Fang

Contributing Editor
<|endoftext|>Cookies and Privacy

Career opportunities in Life Sciences

When you're considering what courses to study and potentially what career path you may want to take, it's important to ensure that whatever you choose, it is something that interests and excites you, and can keep you motivated and engaged for many years to come.

It’s possible to have several different jobs within a specific field, and life sciences has many opportunities.

Kayleigh Wilkins, Life Sciences Technician here at the University told us a bit about her varied career so far, why she decided to work in life sciences, and why she loves what she does.

A life-long interest

Science (particularly biology) has always been a passion of mine, so having the chance to work in this area has always appealed to me. Before moving to BCU, I worked within NHS hospital laboratories in different departments including Medical Microbiology and Oncology Genetics, and I got my Master's qualification in Medical Genetics, which helped deepen my knowledge, and will hopefully help me to continue in my career moving forward.

Enjoyment is key

During my lab days at the hospitals, I really enjoyed the fact that I was having an impact on a patient’s life, even though most patients do not know you exist! Nearly 70 per cent of decisions made by doctors and nurses are based on the lab results that we provide, so even though you have no patient contact you are having a direct effect on the level of care they are receiving, and making a real difference to their (hopeful) recovery.

Working here at BCU, I really enjoy helping students out with their practical sessions, and making them something that they really look forward to doing, rather than dread! I like the fact that I can help them to develop their skills and passion for bioscience, and become keen future bioscientists.

The surprises keep coming

Every job has its quirks, and the life sciences and biomedicine fields still keep surprising me. I’m still amazed at how many different bodily fluids and body parts can be tested for microbiology, and although I expected to be running tests on blood and urine a lot during my Biology degree, I certainly didn’t expect to be presented with an eye ball and asked to run tests! You can learn so much from a whole organ or a tiny sample of cells – biology is fab.

Encouraging others

For me, life sciences is a field that is always expanding, so my interest and passion continues to grow with it. You can’t possibly learn about every microbe or gene in your degree, and therefore life in the lab as a worker becomes a whole new learning experience.

If you love science and biology, and have a keen interest in how things work, and enjoy learning new things, I would recommend a career in life science. There are so many options, and you could have a huge impact on patients’ lives here and now, or on future generations through gene research so the possibilities and rewards are endless.

Find your future career

If you're interested in a career in Life Sciences, take a browse of the different jobs you could go into after studying a degree in Biomedical Sciences or Biomedical Engineering.

Jobs in Life Sciences<|endoftext|>Copper Shopping (list)

Let's check another item off of my DIY teaser list.  A while back, I told you I had a DIY planned with this receipt tape. receipt paper to diy

Well, it's finally put to good use as a shopping list!

diy copper wood shopping list

I've seen this in my head for so long, I'm glad to get it out and into reality.

I used a block of wood, receipt paper, 2 sizes of copper pipe, and screws.  You don't get much simpler, I swear!

diy copper wood shopping list pieces

I decided to start from the bottom and work my way up.  To do the bottom piece that will hold the paper, I flattened out a portion of pipe.  I found the best way to get a smooth surface was the put the pipe between to blocks and hammer it that way.

flatten copper

With a flat-ish piece accomplished, instead of cutting it to length, I bent it until it broke in the intended spot.

Next was to bend it around the wood to the desired shape.  I used a scrap piece of wood to bend this around so that if I made any mistakes I wouldn't damage the finished stained piece.

wood blocks

Isn't that a sexy backdrop?  I'm innovative, huh?  (the paper towel was originally for the stained piece to make sure it was dry, and I figured it shouldn't go to waste)  .... SO... to bend the copper without denting it, I clamped it in the desired spot with another block of wood, then bent the ends around the wood.

clamped copper front clamped copper

The upper piece was slightly trickier to bend because it took me holding the roll of paper in place.

list progress

I couldn't clamp this one because the roll would deform, so I had to hold with one hand and bend the piece around the wood with the other.  I'm just DIYing until my hand-modeling career takes off.  Man hands are the next rage.

On the front where I hadn't flattened the pipe, I used a hack saw to cut it to length- being very careful not to push too hard and deform the copper.

copper cut

I repeated the last few steps with a smaller piece of copper for the other side.

copper wood cut pieces

Then came assembly- always the best part!  I drilled holes in the copper where the screws would go, then attached the pieces where desired.  The back ends up being less than pretty, but since that'll be up against my cabinet door, it doesn't matter.

copper wood shopping list back

I'm using my favorite mounting method- 3m's re-positionable picture hangers so I can take the list down when I need to replace the receipt roll.

diy copper wood list

It'll actually be pretty simple when I need to replace a roll.  See how on the right, the smaller tube goes into the larger?  I'll just need to unscrew the smaller tube from the back and remove it, switch out the paper roll, then rescrew the small tube back in place.

diy copper wood list cabinet

Have you ever seen a sexier shopping list??  Methinks not!<|endoftext|>The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about business ethics.

The Right to _______ has been a long-standing ethical concern for employees which today are addressed in most developed countries through a dense network of occupational health, safety and environmental regulations companies must abide by.
A. Work-life balance
B. Healthy and safe working conditions
C. Employee privacy
D. Free Speech
Answer: B<|endoftext|>Migrations are performed programmatically by using a schema migration tool. Join the DZone community and get the full member experience. In this

 the particles they pass through, and to detect sound, you need to measure this back-and-forth motion.

Back in 1986, scientists invented optical tweezers – which use a laser beam to grab hold of tiny particles and move them around. (These are pretty useful if you need to inject DNA into cells and manipulate it once it’s inside.) They can also measure the tiny forces acting on tiny particles: grab hold of a particle, watch it with a microscope, and see how it moves.

And to listen at the microscale, Jochen Feldmann and colleagues at the Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich use a particle of gold 60 nanometers in diameter, immersed in water, and held in optical tweezers.

  1. They trapped one gold nanoparticle (the nano-ear) in a laser beam, and then fired rapid pulses of light from a second laser at other nanoparticles a few micrometers away.
  2. The pulses heated the nanoparticles, which disturbed the water around them, generating pressure, or sound, waves (pictured).
  3. They recorded the movements of the nano-ear in response to acoustic vibrations caused by the other tiny gold particles heating up in the water nearby.

The gold nano-ear jiggled back and forth, as if it were reacting to the sound waves. When they varied the frequency, the trapped particle matched the frequency every time, and the direction of its movement lined up with the sound waves' direction, New Scientist explains.

“With our nano-ear, we have developed a nanomicrophone that allows us to get closer than ever to microscopic objects,” study author Alexander Ohlinger says.

The nano-ear picked up sounds down to some minus 60 decibels – a level one-millionth of that detectable by the human ear. That makes it more sensitive than any other sound detector capable of detecting acoustic waves, says study coauthor Andrey Lutich.

If these nano-ears were to be arranged into a 3D array, they could be used to listen in on microbes like viruses and bacteria – all of which emit very faint acoustic vibrations as they move.

They could also tell us more about how cells change as a result of disease. (Red blood cells, for example, vibrate less when they’re infected with the malaria parasite.)

The work was published in Physical Review Letters this month.

Via ScienceNOW, New Scientist.

Image from Ohlinger et al.

Share this

Janet Fang

Contributing Editor
<|endoftext|>Cookies and Privacy

Career opportunities in Life Sciences

When you're considering what courses to study and potentially what career path you may want to take, it's important to ensure that whatever you choose, it is something that interests and excites you, and can keep you motivated and engaged for many years to come.

It’s possible to have several different jobs within a specific field, and life sciences has many opportunities.

Kayleigh Wilkins, Life Sciences Technician here at the University told us a bit about her varied career so far, why she decided to work in life sciences, and why she loves what she does.

A life-long interest

Science (particularly biology) has always been a passion of mine, so having the chance to work in this area has always appealed to me. Before moving to BCU, I worked within NHS hospital laboratories in different departments including Medical Microbiology and Oncology Genetics, and I got my Master's qualification in Medical Genetics, which helped deepen my knowledge, and will hopefully help me to continue in my career moving forward.

Enjoyment is key

During my lab days at the hospitals, I really enjoyed the fact that I was having an impact on a patient’s life, even though most patients do not know you exist! Nearly 70 per cent of decisions made by doctors and nurses are based on the lab results that we provide, so even though you have no patient contact you are having a direct effect on the level of care they are receiving, and making a real difference to their (hopeful) recovery.

Working here at BCU, I really enjoy helping students out with their practical sessions, and making them something that they really look forward to doing, rather than dread! I like the fact that I can help them to develop their skills and passion for bioscience, and become keen future bioscientists.

The surprises keep coming

Every job has its quirks, and the life sciences and biomedicine fields still keep surprising me. I’m still amazed at how many different bodily fluids and body parts can be tested for microbiology, and although I expected to be running tests on blood and urine a lot during my Biology degree, I certainly didn’t expect to be presented with an eye ball and asked to run tests! You can learn so much from a whole organ or a tiny sample of cells – biology is fab.

Encouraging others

For me, life sciences is a field that is always expanding, so my interest and passion continues to grow with it. You can’t possibly learn about every microbe or gene in your degree, and therefore life in the lab as a worker becomes a whole new learning experience.

If you love science and biology, and have a keen interest in how things work, and enjoy learning new things, I would recommend a career in life science. There are so many options, and you could have a huge impact on patients’ lives here and now, or on future generations through gene research so the possibilities and rewards are endless.

Find your future career

If you're interested in a career in Life Sciences, take a browse of the different jobs you could go into after studying a degree in Biomedical Sciences or Biomedical Engineering.

Jobs in Life Sciences<|endoftext|>Copper Shopping (list)

Let's check another item off of my DIY teaser list.  A while back, I told you I had a DIY planned with this receipt tape. receipt paper to diy

Well, it's finally put to good use as a shopping list!

diy copper wood shopping list

I've seen this in my head for so long, I'm glad to get it out and into reality.

I used a block of wood, receipt paper, 2 sizes of copper pipe, and screws.  You don't get much simpler, I swear!

diy copper wood shopping list pieces

I decided to start from the bottom and work my way up.  To do the bottom piece that will hold the paper, I flattened out a portion of pipe.  I found the best way to get a smooth surface was the put the pipe between to blocks and hammer it that way.

flatten copper

With a flat-ish piece accomplished, instead of cutting it to length, I bent it until it broke in the intended spot.

Next was to bend it around the wood to the desired shape.  I used a scrap piece of wood to bend this around so that if I made any mistakes I wouldn't damage the finished stained piece.

wood blocks

Isn't that a sexy backdrop?  I'm innovative, huh?  (the paper towel was originally for the stained piece to make sure it was dry, and I figured it shouldn't go to waste)  .... SO... to bend the copper without denting it, I clamped it in the desired spot with another block of wood, then bent the ends around the wood.

clamped copper front clamped copper

The upper piece was slightly trickier to bend because it took me holding the roll of paper in place.

list progress

I couldn't clamp this one because the roll would deform, so I had to hold with one hand and bend the piece around the wood with the other.  I'm just DIYing until my hand-modeling career takes off.  Man hands are the next rage.

On the front where I hadn't flattened the pipe, I used a hack saw to cut it to length- being very careful not to push too hard and deform the copper.

copper cut

I repeated the last few steps with a smaller piece of copper for the other side.

copper wood cut pieces

Then came assembly- always the best part!  I drilled holes in the copper where the screws would go, then attached the pieces where desired.  The back ends up being less than pretty, but since that'll be up against my cabinet door, it doesn't matter.

copper wood shopping list back

I'm using my favorite mounting method- 3m's re-positionable picture hangers so I can take the list down when I need to replace the receipt roll.

diy copper wood list

It'll actually be pretty simple when I need to replace a roll.  See how on the right, the smaller tube goes into the larger?  I'll just need to unscrew the smaller tube from the back and remove it, switch out the paper roll, then rescrew the small tube back in place.

diy copper wood list cabinet

Have you ever seen a sexier shopping list??  Methinks not!<|endoftext|>Migrations are performed programmatically by using a schema migration tool. Join the DZone community and get the full member experience. In this directory, I have scripts for creating database objects. Use a schema migration tool. Consult the other pages in this section for more in-depth information. AWS Database Migration Service AWS Schema Conversion Tool The AWS Schema Conversion Tool makes heterogeneous database migrations predictable by automatically converting the source database schema and a majority of the database code objects, including views, stored procedures, and functions, to a format compatible with the


 purchase alprazolam san francisco A large and growing body of research has shown how gender inequality undermines health and development. The drug is therefore illegal to sell, buy, or possess the drug without a licence in the UK. Feminist scholars argue that the movement's lack of attention to women's rights and their historical struggle with racial equality makes it a threat to women and to the stability of the country. Downey Hall is an eight-story tall dormitory located southwest of the Washakie Dining Center and buy ultram with paypal is named after Dr. There are different types of starts for races of different distances. Does the world need three times as many Cujos? It is used for the long term management of diabetes. Children who have a history of neglect or physical abuse are at risk of developing psychiatric problems, or a disorganized attachment style. III hypersensitivity reaction. Christine Ossenmacher, Paul Mitchell, and Richard Lockman. However, some effects of alcohol consumption are beneficial. A vulnerability is a weakness in design, implementation, operation or internal control. The drug is also commonly described as possessing weak anticholinergic activity by acting as an antagonist of the want to buy soma 500mg with paypal muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. The effectiveness of liquid injection damp proofing products is dependent on the type of formulation and the skill want to buy soma 500mg with paypal of the installer. Simpson, Mertz, and de Nobli Halls are conveniently located above dining buy tramadol over night halls that serve these buildings and the halls surrounding them. A patient needs information about the purposes and consequences of want to buy soma 500mg with paypal examinations, tests, treatments, and other procedures. Critics criticized the use of the want to buy soma 500mg with paypal disputed figures by conservative organizations. The effects of solitary confinement on mental health are undeniable. Directorates of Technical Educations and All India Council for Technical Education. It is also used as an athletic performance enhancer and cognitive enhancer, and recreationally as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant. The subject should be relaxed, and the measurements should be taken at the end of a normal respiration. Ice pack therapy is a treatment of cold temperatures to an injured area of the body. Patients generally prefer private health clinics.
Cheapest generic Meridia 10mg in london Ativan 1mg prescription cost no insurance Want to buy diazepam 5mg in mexico Cheapest generic ambien with american express AFP bussed in volunteers to a hearing in the state capital and to call purchase ultram mesa constituents, distribute flyers, and send mailings. First, damage of the inner ear hair cells can result in irreversible hearing loss. Purification removes contaminants that may interfere with processes, or leave residues on evaporation. Two decades later Kramer continued to advocate for social and legal equity for want to buy soma 500mg with paypal homosexuals. Nadzeya Astapchuk was stripped of the women's shot put title after her sample came back positive for the banned anabolic agent metenolone. Numerous expansions were funded in the late 19th century and early 20th century. In severe buy clonazepam 1mg online with visa cases, the anemia may cause evidence of congestive heart failure. On the dorsal side, at the level of the midcarpus, a wedge osteotomy is made. While psychiatrists continue to prescribe diazepam for the short-term relief of anxiety, neurology has taken the meridia prescription spain lead in prescribing diazepam for the palliative treatment of certain types of epilepsy and spastic buy cheap carisoprodol 500mg online activity, for want to buy soma 500mg with paypal example, forms of want to buy soma 500mg with paypal paresis. Youth gangs have often served as a recruiting ground for more organized crime syndicates, where juvenile delinquents grow up to be full-fledged mobsters, want to buy soma 500mg with paypal as well as providing muscle and other low-key work. Voting behaviors of men have not experienced as drastic of a shift over want to buy soma 500mg with paypal the last fifty years as women in their voting behavior and political affiliations. When dealing with toric lenses, the axis defines the orientation of the steepest and flattest curvatures relative to horizontal and vertcal. Ceftriaxone penetrates tissues and body fluids well, including cerebrospinal fluid to treat central nervous system infections. Cherry and White are the official school colors of Temple University. The person may overall feel better but the physical effects on the human body take weeks or months to notice and possibly years for full development. The countercultural movement was also under covert assault by J. Since the 1980s, many countries have included buy lorazepam online ireland immunization against Haemophilus influenzae type B in their routine childhood vaccination schemes. Large two-stroke engines, including diesels, normally use a sump lubrication system similar to four-stroke engines. However, there needs to be strong public support for education and reasonably fair access Buy cheap clonazepam in hanoi to the education system. Science in its original sense want to buy soma 500mg with paypal was a word for a type of knowledge rather than a specialized word for the pursuit of such knowledge. During the process, pubic hair grows above and around the penis. Lucas only trusted relatives and close friends from North Carolina to handle his various heroin operations. Men's Health won in the category of Personal Service in 2004, the want to buy soma 500mg with paypal first win for the magazine, and for parent company Rodale. Medical education programs are tertiary-level courses, undertaken at a medical school attached to a university. Measures can be taken to limit polypharmacy to its truly legitimate and appropriate needs. Another public ceremony was held at the cemetery, with friends giving speeches, live music, and refreshments. In ancient Athens, often cited as the birthplace of democracy, only adult, male citizens who owned land Ambien prices were permitted to vote. In an even more audacious move, Holmes was staying at another location with his wife, want to buy soma 500mg with paypal who was unaware of the whole affair. A high-salt diet may also be useful in some people. want to buy soma 500mg with paypal Instances want to buy soma 500mg with paypal of Stateless Session want to buy soma 500mg with paypal beans are typically pooled. She contacts the only other person who knows her by sight, psychiatrist and former lover Alan Champion. The system is unique in that it is the want to buy soma 500mg with paypal only horizontal state university system in Texas. Children born outside marriage may be born to cohabiting couples or to single women. Formal methods are a particular kind of mathematically based technique for the specification, development and verification of software and hardware systems. Upon receiving a new transaction a node must validate it: Women with abdominal obesity have a cardiovascular risk similar to that of men. Compression stockings are constructed using elastic fibers or rubber. Taxes in the United States are levied at the federal, state, and where to buy soma 350mg online with mastercard Buy adipex tablets local government levels. This paper presented data showing that soldiers who were seriously wounded on the battlefields during the Vietnam War had a better survival rate than individuals who were seriously injured in motor vehicle accidents on California's freeways. Hospital patients usually receive blood tests to monitor these levels.
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This entry was posted in Photography.

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<|endoftext|>Seek Miracles In Life Everyday

Smile my dear, smile it away

For your smile sways all the pain

Your smile renders you humane

The gateway to everyone’s heart

Is the warmth that smile imparts

A healing touch for the wound

My dear! Your smile enlivens the mood

Smile is the sound of silence

Smile is trust, hope and reliance

Smile has power to amend a situation

By just restraining your reaction

A mirror of your inner virtues

Your benevolence, empathy and values

Your smile sprinkles love in the air

My dear, your smile portrays you debonair

Smile is resilience in the face of challenge

Smile is a weapon that makes us valiant

Smile is the radiance that sparkles at twilight

My dear, smile is a jewel that embellishes your life

©Vandana Bhasin<|endoftext|>The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about miscellaneous.

What is the oldest permanent European settlement in the United States?
A. St Augustine Florida
B. Plymouth Massachusetts
C. Newport News Virginia
D. Charlotte North Carolina
Answer: B<|endoftext|>Putting A Translator Through Its Paces

Pocket-size electronic translators can help you muddle through in languages you don't know. Franklin's new $230 TGA-490 Speaking Global Translator goes further than most. In addition to giving written translations of hundreds of thousands of words and phrases in 12 languages—including Japanese, Korean, and Mandarin, displayed phonetically and in their characters—it has a voice function that can pronounce 115,000 words in the language of your choice.

The TGA-490 is about the size of a Palm (PALM

)-type handheld device and has a full keyboard that slides out from the bottom. How useful is it? To find out, we sent one around the world for test

 followed by 200 of Fuchs. Reports from the FBI and other sources had Kennedy renting a brothel and opening up bordellos after hours during the tour. purchase alprazolam san francisco A large and growing body of research has shown how gender inequality undermines health and development. The drug is therefore illegal to sell, buy, or possess the drug without a licence in the UK. Feminist scholars argue that the movement's lack of attention to women's rights and their historical struggle with racial equality makes it a threat to women and to the stability of the country. Downey Hall is an eight-story tall dormitory located southwest of the Washakie Dining Center and buy ultram with paypal is named after Dr. There are different types of starts for races of different distances. Does the world need three times as many Cujos? It is used for the long term management of diabetes. Children who have a history of neglect or physical abuse are at risk of developing psychiatric problems, or a disorganized attachment style. III hypersensitivity reaction. Christine Ossenmacher, Paul Mitchell, and Richard Lockman. However, some effects of alcohol consumption are beneficial. A vulnerability is a weakness in design, implementation, operation or internal control. The drug is also commonly described as possessing weak anticholinergic activity by acting as an antagonist of the want to buy soma 500mg with paypal muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. The effectiveness of liquid injection damp proofing products is dependent on the type of formulation and the skill want to buy soma 500mg with paypal of the installer. Simpson, Mertz, and de Nobli Halls are conveniently located above dining buy tramadol over night halls that serve these buildings and the halls surrounding them. A patient needs information about the purposes and consequences of want to buy soma 500mg with paypal examinations, tests, treatments, and other procedures. Critics criticized the use of the want to buy soma 500mg with paypal disputed figures by conservative organizations. The effects of solitary confinement on mental health are undeniable. Directorates of Technical Educations and All India Council for Technical Education. It is also used as an athletic performance enhancer and cognitive enhancer, and recreationally as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant. The subject should be relaxed, and the measurements should be taken at the end of a normal respiration. Ice pack therapy is a treatment of cold temperatures to an injured area of the body. Patients generally prefer private health clinics.
Cheapest generic Meridia 10mg in london Ativan 1mg prescription cost no insurance Want to buy diazepam 5mg in mexico Cheapest generic ambien with american express AFP bussed in volunteers to a hearing in the state capital and to call purchase ultram mesa constituents, distribute flyers, and send mailings. First, damage of the inner ear hair cells can result in irreversible hearing loss. Purification removes contaminants that may interfere with processes, or leave residues on evaporation. Two decades later Kramer continued to advocate for social and legal equity for want to buy soma 500mg with paypal homosexuals. Nadzeya Astapchuk was stripped of the women's shot put title after her sample came back positive for the banned anabolic agent metenolone. Numerous expansions were funded in the late 19th century and early 20th century. In severe buy clonazepam 1mg online with visa cases, the anemia may cause evidence of congestive heart failure. On the dorsal side, at the level of the midcarpus, a wedge osteotomy is made. While psychiatrists continue to prescribe diazepam for the short-term relief of anxiety, neurology has taken the meridia prescription spain lead in prescribing diazepam for the palliative treatment of certain types of epilepsy and spastic buy cheap carisoprodol 500mg online activity, for want to buy soma 500mg with paypal example, forms of want to buy soma 500mg with paypal paresis. Youth gangs have often served as a recruiting ground for more organized crime syndicates, where juvenile delinquents grow up to be full-fledged mobsters, want to buy soma 500mg with paypal as well as providing muscle and other low-key work. Voting behaviors of men have not experienced as drastic of a shift over want to buy soma 500mg with paypal the last fifty years as women in their voting behavior and political affiliations. When dealing with toric lenses, the axis defines the orientation of the steepest and flattest curvatures relative to horizontal and vertcal. Ceftriaxone penetrates tissues and body fluids well, including cerebrospinal fluid to treat central nervous system infections. Cherry and White are the official school colors of Temple University. The person may overall feel better but the physical effects on the human body take weeks or months to notice and possibly years for full development. The countercultural movement was also under covert assault by J. Since the 1980s, many countries have included buy lorazepam online ireland immunization against Haemophilus influenzae type B in their routine childhood vaccination schemes. Large two-stroke engines, including diesels, normally use a sump lubrication system similar to four-stroke engines. However, there needs to be strong public support for education and reasonably fair access Buy cheap clonazepam in hanoi to the education system. Science in its original sense want to buy soma 500mg with paypal was a word for a type of knowledge rather than a specialized word for the pursuit of such knowledge. During the process, pubic hair grows above and around the penis. Lucas only trusted relatives and close friends from North Carolina to handle his various heroin operations. Men's Health won in the category of Personal Service in 2004, the want to buy soma 500mg with paypal first win for the magazine, and for parent company Rodale. Medical education programs are tertiary-level courses, undertaken at a medical school attached to a university. Measures can be taken to limit polypharmacy to its truly legitimate and appropriate needs. Another public ceremony was held at the cemetery, with friends giving speeches, live music, and refreshments. In ancient Athens, often cited as the birthplace of democracy, only adult, male citizens who owned land Ambien prices were permitted to vote. In an even more audacious move, Holmes was staying at another location with his wife, want to buy soma 500mg with paypal who was unaware of the whole affair. A high-salt diet may also be useful in some people. want to buy soma 500mg with paypal Instances want to buy soma 500mg with paypal of Stateless Session want to buy soma 500mg with paypal beans are typically pooled. She contacts the only other person who knows her by sight, psychiatrist and former lover Alan Champion. The system is unique in that it is the want to buy soma 500mg with paypal only horizontal state university system in Texas. Children born outside marriage may be born to cohabiting couples or to single women. Formal methods are a particular kind of mathematically based technique for the specification, development and verification of software and hardware systems. Upon receiving a new transaction a node must validate it: Women with abdominal obesity have a cardiovascular risk similar to that of men. Compression stockings are constructed using elastic fibers or rubber. Taxes in the United States are levied at the federal, state, and where to buy soma 350mg online with mastercard Buy adipex tablets local government levels. This paper presented data showing that soldiers who were seriously wounded on the battlefields during the Vietnam War had a better survival rate than individuals who were seriously injured in motor vehicle accidents on California's freeways. Hospital patients usually receive blood tests to monitor these levels.
Online pharmacy ambien overnight Generic sibutramine Where to buy adipex in stores Buy canadian xanax overnight delivery Ativan 2mg prescription instructions Tramadol for migraines dosage

This entry was posted in Photography.

Post a Comment
<|endoftext|>Seek Miracles In Life Everyday

Smile my dear, smile it away

For your smile sways all the pain

Your smile renders you humane

The gateway to everyone’s heart

Is the warmth that smile imparts

A healing touch for the wound

My dear! Your smile enlivens the mood

Smile is the sound of silence

Smile is trust, hope and reliance

Smile has power to amend a situation

By just restraining your reaction

A mirror of your inner virtues

Your benevolence, empathy and values

Your smile sprinkles love in the air

My dear, your smile portrays you debonair

Smile is resilience in the face of challenge

Smile is a weapon that makes us valiant

Smile is the radiance that sparkles at twilight

My dear, smile is a jewel that embellishes your life

©Vandana Bhasin<|endoftext|>Putting A Translator Through Its Paces

Pocket-size electronic translators can help you muddle through in languages you don't know. Franklin's new $230 TGA-490 Speaking Global Translator goes further than most. In addition to giving written translations of hundreds of thousands of words and phrases in 12 languages—including Japanese, Korean, and Mandarin, displayed phonetically and in their characters—it has a voice function that can pronounce 115,000 words in the language of your choice.

The TGA-490 is about the size of a Palm (PALM

)-type handheld device and has a full keyboard that slides out from the bottom. How useful is it? To find out, we sent one around the world for test runs with BusinessWeek correspondents. They generally agreed that the device is most helpful if you stick to basic travelers


.’ On hearing this, they were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus. When Paul placed his hands on them, the Holy Spirit came on them, and they spoke in tongues and prophesied. There were about twelve men in all” (Acts 19:1–7).

We know that, when a person is born again, the Holy Spirit takes up residence in that person’s life (1 Corinthians 6:19). If a person does not have the Holy Spirit, then he does not belong to Christ (Romans 8:9). So why is it that these men in Ephesus did not have the Holy Spirit, when it seems that they had believed?

The key is that they had not yet believed in Christ. They did not know about Jesus’s saving work (or the Holy Spirit’s indwelling) until they met Paul. A careful reading of the first part of Acts 19 reveals several facts about this group of twelve men: 1) They were “disciples”—but not of Christ. Rather, they were self-identified disciples of John the Baptist (verse 3). 2) They were not believers in the risen Lord Jesus Christ—Paul’s question about their conversion experience reveals that they knew nothing of the Spirit or His power (verse 2). 3) They had taken the first step—repentance of sins—but they had not taken the corresponding step—faith in Christ.

In short, the “Ephesus Dozen” were still living under the Old Testament economy. They saw the need of repentance and were still awaiting the Messiah. They did not know the Christian message.

A further clue of their spiritual condition is found in the preceding chapter. Apollos, an Alexandrian Jew and a skillful orator, had been preaching in Ephesus (Acts 18:24). However, “he knew only the baptism of John” (verse 25). The only information Apollos had about Jesus was what he had heard from John; thus, he knew Jesus was the Messiah, but he knew nothing of Jesus’ sacrificial death and resurrection. Two believers in Ephesus, Priscilla and Aquila, took Apollos aside and “explained to him the way of God more adequately” (verse 26). After he understood and received the gospel, Apollos became a great apologist for the Lord Jesus (verse 28).

It would seem that the twelve men whom Paul encountered were some of Apollos’ followers. They had been baptized for repentance, but they had not heard the whole gospel message. Paul filled them in on the details of Jesus’ death and resurrection—the essential elements of the gospel—and told them to believe (Acts 19:4). Once the men received Christ by faith, the Holy Spirit, true to form, filled them with His presence. They became new creations (2 Corinthians 5:17).

John the Baptist’s ministry was one of preparation for people to receive Christ (Mark 1:2). He preached repentance of sins, and, as people repented, they showed their change of heart by an outward cleansing. But simply repenting of sin is not enough. We must have Christ. John himself understood the limitations of his ministry: “I baptize you with water for repentance. But after me comes one who is more powerful than I, whose sandals I am not worthy to carry. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire” (Matthew 3:11).

Those who, like Apollos and the “Ephesus Dozen,” stopped with John’s baptism only had half the story. They needed more than repentance; they needed faith in Christ. The disciples in Ephesus heard about Jesus from Paul the apostle, Jesus’ representative (Acts 9:15). As they received his message, they were baptized in the name of Jesus Christ, and they received the Holy Spirit in a way that publicly, unmistakably linked them to the gospel as preached by Paul.

Recommended Resource: The Holy Spirit by Charles Ryrie

Related Topics:

When / How do we receive the Holy Spirit?

What is the indwelling of the Holy Spirit?

What is the baptism of the Holy Spirit?

Why had the believers in Samaria not received the Holy Spirit (Acts 8)?

How can I be filled with the Holy Spirit?

Return to:

Questions about Acts

Return to: Home

The GQ Network<|endoftext|>How Much is Wikipedia Worth?

January 18, 2012 in Editorial

With the Wikipedia blackout in the face of protests over SOPA/PIPA we here at Centives began to realize just how much Wikipedia is worth to us. This led us to wonder: how much is Wikipedia actually worth in dollar terms? Centives decided to find out. There are several ways to value a massive encyclopedia on the scale of the English version of Wikipedia and each method has its merits. Centives decided to estimate its value by examining how much it would cost an individual or a company to develop an encyclopedia that was similar to Wikipedia.

Research suggests that Wikipedia’s quality is comparable to that of the Encyclopædia Britannica. Science writers could produce articles of roughly similar quality and their services can be brought for around $1 per word*. Wikipedia was launched in 2001 and by the end of the year it contained 4.3 million words distributed across 16,000 articles. So, if somebody had wanted to create an encyclopedia that had the same depth as Wikipedia in 2001 they would have had to pay science writers $4.3 million.

Over the next few years Wikipedia grew at an astonishing rate:

By the end of 2009 Wikipedia contained 1.7 billion words across 3.1 million articles. A company wanting to create a database as comprehensive as Wikipedia would have to pay writers $1.7 billion to equal the feat. This means that between 2001 and 2009 Wikipedia’s value grew at an average rate of 147% per year. In contrast Apple’s Market Capitalization has grown by 59% per year over the same time period and Google’s Market Capitalization has grown by ‘just’ 32% per year since it went public.

Data for the number of words contained in Wikipedia is unavailable past January 2010. However it might be possible to predict the number of words within Wikipedia based on past trends. Since March 2006, Wikipedia has grown at a fairly steady monthly pace and in the 17 months between September 2008 and January 2010 the number of words within Wikipedia grew at a monthly rate of 2%. If we conservatively estimate that the number of words in Wikipedia has grown by 1% a month since January 2010, then Wikipedia would be worth around $2.2 billion at the end of 2011.

This is more than the GDP of several countries. If, for example, Sierra Leone or Bhutan wanted to make something as comprehensive as the beloved encyclopedia then they would have to give up all of their income for an entire year and they still wouldn’t be able to afford to pay writers enough.

If we assume that the majority of the words are written by registered users then each of the 750,000 users would have to be paid $3,035 for their efforts. Yet Wikipedia has managed to put together the largest database of human knowledge in history without paying writers a dime.

What’s fascinating is that $2.2 billion is arguably the lowest and most conservative estimate of the English Wikipedia’s net value. It’s assuming that Wikipedia is just the sum of its parts. But in reality it’s much more than that and while a company could, conceivably, create something similar to Wikipedia by forking over $2.2 billion (although it would not have the same dynamism), they would likely have to pay orders of magnitude more to purchase the entire encyclopedia itself.

Read our other editorials to find out how many Zombies it would take to defeat Napoleon’s forces as well as a look at Pocahontas as a potential candidate for the Nobel Peace Prize. Or follow us on Twitter to get the latest updates from Centives.

*Freelance writers can be paid as little as 10 cents a word. Most serious magazines that pay on a per-word basis pay their writers somewhere between $0.60 and $1.50 a word.<|endoftext|>The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about professional medicine.

A 68-year-old female presents to the emergency department with a 3-day history of worsening fever and headache. Today the patient is nauseated and less responsive. Lumbar puncture reveals a protein level of 89 mg/dL (reference range: 15-45 mg/dL) with pleocytosis. The most likely etiologic organism is
A. Clostridium perfringens
B. Haemophilus influenzae
C. rhinovirus
D. Streptococcus pneumoniae
Answer: D<|endoftext|>Personalised Pencil Case by

This superb quality pencil case by can be personalised with your own line of text, it could be your name, team name, any text you choose. Add a child’s name, a school or any text you like (15 characters maximum), you can add a line of text to one side and an illustration to the other. The pencil cases make perfect gifts as each one is truly unique, or let your kids get creative and design their own pencil case.<|endoftext|>mantel clock

Mantel Clocks: Exploring types of mantel clocks

Whether you call it a mantel clock (synonym: mantle clock), mantelpiece clock, they’re generally the same. The point is that you would want to place the clock on

, that is, in Jesus.’ On hearing this, they were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus. When Paul placed his hands on them, the Holy Spirit came on them, and they spoke in tongues and prophesied. There were about twelve men in all” (Acts 19:1–7).

We know that, when a person is born again, the Holy Spirit takes up residence in that person’s life (1 Corinthians 6:19). If a person does not have the Holy Spirit, then he does not belong to Christ (Romans 8:9). So why is it that these men in Ephesus did not have the Holy Spirit, when it seems that they had believed?

The key is that they had not yet believed in Christ. They did not know about Jesus’s saving work (or the Holy Spirit’s indwelling) until they met Paul. A careful reading of the first part of Acts 19 reveals several facts about this group of twelve men: 1) They were “disciples”—but not of Christ. Rather, they were self-identified disciples of John the Baptist (verse 3). 2) They were not believers in the risen Lord Jesus Christ—Paul’s question about their conversion experience reveals that they knew nothing of the Spirit or His power (verse 2). 3) They had taken the first step—repentance of sins—but they had not taken the corresponding step—faith in Christ.

In short, the “Ephesus Dozen” were still living under the Old Testament economy. They saw the need of repentance and were still awaiting the Messiah. They did not know the Christian message.

A further clue of their spiritual condition is found in the preceding chapter. Apollos, an Alexandrian Jew and a skillful orator, had been preaching in Ephesus (Acts 18:24). However, “he knew only the baptism of John” (verse 25). The only information Apollos had about Jesus was what he had heard from John; thus, he knew Jesus was the Messiah, but he knew nothing of Jesus’ sacrificial death and resurrection. Two believers in Ephesus, Priscilla and Aquila, took Apollos aside and “explained to him the way of God more adequately” (verse 26). After he understood and received the gospel, Apollos became a great apologist for the Lord Jesus (verse 28).

It would seem that the twelve men whom Paul encountered were some of Apollos’ followers. They had been baptized for repentance, but they had not heard the whole gospel message. Paul filled them in on the details of Jesus’ death and resurrection—the essential elements of the gospel—and told them to believe (Acts 19:4). Once the men received Christ by faith, the Holy Spirit, true to form, filled them with His presence. They became new creations (2 Corinthians 5:17).

John the Baptist’s ministry was one of preparation for people to receive Christ (Mark 1:2). He preached repentance of sins, and, as people repented, they showed their change of heart by an outward cleansing. But simply repenting of sin is not enough. We must have Christ. John himself understood the limitations of his ministry: “I baptize you with water for repentance. But after me comes one who is more powerful than I, whose sandals I am not worthy to carry. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire” (Matthew 3:11).

Those who, like Apollos and the “Ephesus Dozen,” stopped with John’s baptism only had half the story. They needed more than repentance; they needed faith in Christ. The disciples in Ephesus heard about Jesus from Paul the apostle, Jesus’ representative (Acts 9:15). As they received his message, they were baptized in the name of Jesus Christ, and they received the Holy Spirit in a way that publicly, unmistakably linked them to the gospel as preached by Paul.

Recommended Resource: The Holy Spirit by Charles Ryrie

Related Topics:

When / How do we receive the Holy Spirit?

What is the indwelling of the Holy Spirit?

What is the baptism of the Holy Spirit?

Why had the believers in Samaria not received the Holy Spirit (Acts 8)?

How can I be filled with the Holy Spirit?

Return to:

Questions about Acts

Return to: Home

The GQ Network<|endoftext|>How Much is Wikipedia Worth?

January 18, 2012 in Editorial

With the Wikipedia blackout in the face of protests over SOPA/PIPA we here at Centives began to realize just how much Wikipedia is worth to us. This led us to wonder: how much is Wikipedia actually worth in dollar terms? Centives decided to find out. There are several ways to value a massive encyclopedia on the scale of the English version of Wikipedia and each method has its merits. Centives decided to estimate its value by examining how much it would cost an individual or a company to develop an encyclopedia that was similar to Wikipedia.

Research suggests that Wikipedia’s quality is comparable to that of the Encyclopædia Britannica. Science writers could produce articles of roughly similar quality and their services can be brought for around $1 per word*. Wikipedia was launched in 2001 and by the end of the year it contained 4.3 million words distributed across 16,000 articles. So, if somebody had wanted to create an encyclopedia that had the same depth as Wikipedia in 2001 they would have had to pay science writers $4.3 million.

Over the next few years Wikipedia grew at an astonishing rate:

By the end of 2009 Wikipedia contained 1.7 billion words across 3.1 million articles. A company wanting to create a database as comprehensive as Wikipedia would have to pay writers $1.7 billion to equal the feat. This means that between 2001 and 2009 Wikipedia’s value grew at an average rate of 147% per year. In contrast Apple’s Market Capitalization has grown by 59% per year over the same time period and Google’s Market Capitalization has grown by ‘just’ 32% per year since it went public.

Data for the number of words contained in Wikipedia is unavailable past January 2010. However it might be possible to predict the number of words within Wikipedia based on past trends. Since March 2006, Wikipedia has grown at a fairly steady monthly pace and in the 17 months between September 2008 and January 2010 the number of words within Wikipedia grew at a monthly rate of 2%. If we conservatively estimate that the number of words in Wikipedia has grown by 1% a month since January 2010, then Wikipedia would be worth around $2.2 billion at the end of 2011.

This is more than the GDP of several countries. If, for example, Sierra Leone or Bhutan wanted to make something as comprehensive as the beloved encyclopedia then they would have to give up all of their income for an entire year and they still wouldn’t be able to afford to pay writers enough.

If we assume that the majority of the words are written by registered users then each of the 750,000 users would have to be paid $3,035 for their efforts. Yet Wikipedia has managed to put together the largest database of human knowledge in history without paying writers a dime.

What’s fascinating is that $2.2 billion is arguably the lowest and most conservative estimate of the English Wikipedia’s net value. It’s assuming that Wikipedia is just the sum of its parts. But in reality it’s much more than that and while a company could, conceivably, create something similar to Wikipedia by forking over $2.2 billion (although it would not have the same dynamism), they would likely have to pay orders of magnitude more to purchase the entire encyclopedia itself.

Read our other editorials to find out how many Zombies it would take to defeat Napoleon’s forces as well as a look at Pocahontas as a potential candidate for the Nobel Peace Prize. Or follow us on Twitter to get the latest updates from Centives.

*Freelance writers can be paid as little as 10 cents a word. Most serious magazines that pay on a per-word basis pay their writers somewhere between $0.60 and $1.50 a word.<|endoftext|>Personalised Pencil Case by

This superb quality pencil case by can be personalised with your own line of text, it could be your name, team name, any text you choose. Add a child’s name, a school or any text you like (15 characters maximum), you can add a line of text to one side and an illustration to the other. The pencil cases make perfect gifts as each one is truly unique, or let your kids get creative and design their own pencil case.<|endoftext|>mantel clock

Mantel Clocks: Exploring types of mantel clocks

Whether you call it a mantel clock (synonym: mantle clock), mantelpiece clock, they’re generally the same. The point is that you would want to place the clock on your mantelpiece, above the fireplace. If you’re looking to buy a mantle clock, it’s important to get all your info about all your options. Why? If you’re informed, you’re likely to find the right clock that fits your needs and wants best, whether it be material, type, style or price. Obviously it can be confusing to choose which one you’ll buy. Don’t worry, we’ll help you. Let’s get to know about the mantel clocks.

Brief history of mantelpiece clocks


The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about econometrics.

The "within transform" involves
A. Taking the average values of the variables
B. Subtracting the mean of each entity away from each observation on that entity
C. Estimating a panel data model using least squares dummy variables
D. Using both time dummies and cross-sectional dummies in a fixed effects panel model
Answer: B<|endoftext|>ado compreenderia uma percepção rebaixada do trabalho manual, uma imagem depreciativa do negro e mesmo do elemento nacional como trabalhadores, uma indiferença das elites quanto às maiorias pobres e uma hierarquia social extremamente rígida. Segundo o autor, esse quadro de inércia estrutural ditou os parâmetros gerais da reprodução do trabalho livre nos primórdios da ordem capitalista no Brasil.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Brasil; história social do trabalho; escravidão; trabalho livre; capitalismo.

Over the last two decades the social history of labour has experienced a seachange in Brazil with the routinization of rigorous empirical investigation by stable research groups in diverse academic institutions. This work has led to the discovery of new sources, innovative exploration of old documents, the proliferation of new hypotheses and the emergence of new categories of explanation. The present essay on Brazilian social inertia makes use of this new historiography in order to formulate a number of sociological hypotheses on the pattern of incorporating workers in the early stages of capitalism in Brazil. I suggest that slavery left profound marks on the later social imagination and practices, functioning as a kind of ballast that subsequent generations found extremely difficult to jettison. Around slavery were constructed an ethics of demeaning labour, a pejorative image of the people or the national workforce, the moral indifference of the elites to the needs of the majority and a highly rigid social hierarchy polarized by enormous inequalities. Combined, these legacies shaped the environment in which free labour developed at the end of the 19th century and the start of the 20th, determining the wider parameters of social reproduction. Here I look to reconstitute the multidimensional nature of the legacy of slavery on capitalist sociality as the first step in a wider argument concerning the conditions of the reproduction of social inequality in Brazil.1

One salient aspect of the contemporary revision of historiography is the recognition of slavery as a specific moment in the history of labour in the country.2 For reasons that are not immediately obvious, but which are linked more to disciplinary dynamics than the world order, the studies of slavery have formed part of the genealogy of a branch of social investigation that could be denominated race relations,' while investigation of the early constitution of the work society in Brazil has traditionally taken European immigration as its foundational moment. This approach was not inevitable given that an eminent thinker like Florestan Fernandes was initially interested in the fate of the former slaves. For him, this marginal' (or maladjusted') figure expressed the ills endemic to the construction of Brazil's competitive social order. Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Octávio Ianni, disciples of Fernandes, also explored the topic from the same angle. In historiography it is worth recalling the pioneering work of Emilia Viotti da Costa and the studies of Brazilianists such as A. J. R. Russell-Wood, Stuart Schwartz, Robert Conrad, Peter Eisenberg and Herbert Klein, to cite just some of those who examined the social fate of ex-slaves under the slavery regime.3

The reason for this disciplinary division perhaps resides in a certain matrix of ideas promoted from the 1950s onwards in which it was presumed that modern Brazilian capitalism had first emerged in São Paulo, meaning it would be sufficient to search there for its socioeconomic roots. This idea persisted even after Celso Furtado had shown, in the 1950s still, that while the capital freed by coffee production lay at the origin of the industrial accumulation of São Paulo (and, by extension, Brazil), capitalism in the country was unequal but integrated, such that the fate of the Northeast or Amazonia was not disconnected from the São Paulo dynamic. As a result, the vast literature on the consolidation of capitalism and the labour market in Brazil had an undeniable São-Paulocentric' flavour.

The concentration of research funds in the latter state was a necessary condition for this development, but not a sufficient one. Just as important was the notion of modernity that informed the elaboration of economic and social research programs not only at the University of São Paulo (USP) but also the Higher Institute of Brazilian Studies (ISEB), the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) and the Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV). This notion dictated that any country wishing to modernize had to be capitalist, industrial and urban, marking its position in the community of nations, moreover, from a self-determined position, a feat only possible if it managed to create the internal conditions for economic development. Here we can identity at least part of the reason why until very recently the transition to free labour has been interpreted in conjunction with overseas immigration, insisting on a sharp break between the slave-based economy of the past and the new competitive environment. It is as though the slavocratic regime had been buried with abolition without passing on to the future any of its general dynamic (and inertia). Qualifying and complicating this interpretation, the more recent literature enables us to formulate strong hypotheses that emphasize, along with the evident ruptures, deep continuities with the earlier slavery system in the process of building capitalism in Brazil.4

The first hypothesis is that the São Paulo model of transition to free labour was by no means typical or representative of what happened in the rest of the country. In many ways, São Paulo was the exception, since it was only there that immigration was presented (and implemented) as the sole possible solution for what contemporaries perceived as the workforce problem.'5 In states like Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, Bahia, Pernambuco, Ceará or Maranhão, production work (in farming or mining, in the pampas or in the towns) was gradually taken over by former slaves and their descendents, as well as free Brazilians. Previously seen as merely peripheral agents in the slavery system, the social status of the latter has been entirely revised by new research. In Pernambuco, for example, at the start of the 1870s when immigration had already won over the minds of the São Paulo elite, most rural work was undertaken by free men whose smallholdings had been expropriated from the end of the 18th century onwards, as Palácios demonstrates.6 According to the author, this led analysts of the transition to free labour to believe that the process had been smooth' and painless' in Pernambuco, when in fact the (violent) expropriation of the peasantry had taken place decades earlier, freeing the workforce needed by sugar plantations from the 1850s onwards, a period during which the exodus of slaves to the São Paulo coffee industry intensified. This phenomenon occurred throughout the Northeast,7 as well as Minas Gerais and the South: when foreign immigration to São Paulo began, captive labour represented just a small minority. These events suggest that there was not just one single transition to free labour (or, as Fragoso suggests, to non-slave' labour, since in the 18th and 19th centuries most free men were subject to various forms of forced labour),8 but various transitions at distinct historical moments across different regions of the country.

Regional differences in the pace of transition reflect another important aspect of the slavocratic system: the existence of distinct forms of slavery. Today we have a much clearer understanding of the different regimes for subjugating captives employed in the sugar plantations of Pernambuco or Bahia, the southern Brazilian pampas, the gold and diamond mines of Minas Gerais, the coffee plantations of the Paraíba Valley, the small towns in the interior of São Paulo state, a large city such as Rio de Janeiro or the sugar plantations. In the latter case, for example, occupational hierarchies distinguished slaves according to their adeptness in using machinery, their capacity to produce sugar to a particular standard of quality and so on, generating expectations of social mobility and emancipation that simply did not exist in the sugarcane and cotton fields.9

In the Northeast, small slave owners tended to form less predatory relationships with their workforces, bought at relatively high prices for the economic resources of the majority. They allowed slaves to form families and often released captives in their wills. Furthermore the low capitalization of most of the Northeastern properties meant that slavery coexisted with free (or non-slave) labour at moments of peak demand, such as the sugarcane harvesting period.10 Smallholders who were more or less independent of the big estate owners were called upon seasonally to work on the lands of the slave owners.11 This practice was less frequent in the wealthier regions or on the large sugar plantations where owners had the resources to purchase the slaves needed for the work.

In the city of Rio de Janeiro slaves had considerable freedom of movement since most of their owners lived from their work as street vendors, palanquin (sedan chair) carriers, or water and waste bearers for wealthy families, or indeed any kind of job compatible with their status as paid' or rented' slaves,12 many of whom managed to buy their freedom eventually with their savings.13 This situation

ado compreenderia uma percepção rebaixada do trabalho manual, uma imagem depreciativa do negro e mesmo do elemento nacional como trabalhadores, uma indiferença das elites quanto às maiorias pobres e uma hierarquia social extremamente rígida. Segundo o autor, esse quadro de inércia estrutural ditou os parâmetros gerais da reprodução do trabalho livre nos primórdios da ordem capitalista no Brasil.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Brasil; história social do trabalho; escravidão; trabalho livre; capitalismo.

Over the last two decades the social history of labour has experienced a seachange in Brazil with the routinization of rigorous empirical investigation by stable research groups in diverse academic institutions. This work has led to the discovery of new sources, innovative exploration of old documents, the proliferation of new hypotheses and the emergence of new categories of explanation. The present essay on Brazilian social inertia makes use of this new historiography in order to formulate a number of sociological hypotheses on the pattern of incorporating workers in the early stages of capitalism in Brazil. I suggest that slavery left profound marks on the later social imagination and practices, functioning as a kind of ballast that subsequent generations found extremely difficult to jettison. Around slavery were constructed an ethics of demeaning labour, a pejorative image of the people or the national workforce, the moral indifference of the elites to the needs of the majority and a highly rigid social hierarchy polarized by enormous inequalities. Combined, these legacies shaped the environment in which free labour developed at the end of the 19th century and the start of the 20th, determining the wider parameters of social reproduction. Here I look to reconstitute the multidimensional nature of the legacy of slavery on capitalist sociality as the first step in a wider argument concerning the conditions of the reproduction of social inequality in Brazil.1

One salient aspect of the contemporary revision of historiography is the recognition of slavery as a specific moment in the history of labour in the country.2 For reasons that are not immediately obvious, but which are linked more to disciplinary dynamics than the world order, the studies of slavery have formed part of the genealogy of a branch of social investigation that could be denominated race relations,' while investigation of the early constitution of the work society in Brazil has traditionally taken European immigration as its foundational moment. This approach was not inevitable given that an eminent thinker like Florestan Fernandes was initially interested in the fate of the former slaves. For him, this marginal' (or maladjusted') figure expressed the ills endemic to the construction of Brazil's competitive social order. Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Octávio Ianni, disciples of Fernandes, also explored the topic from the same angle. In historiography it is worth recalling the pioneering work of Emilia Viotti da Costa and the studies of Brazilianists such as A. J. R. Russell-Wood, Stuart Schwartz, Robert Conrad, Peter Eisenberg and Herbert Klein, to cite just some of those who examined the social fate of ex-slaves under the slavery regime.3

The reason for this disciplinary division perhaps resides in a certain matrix of ideas promoted from the 1950s onwards in which it was presumed that modern Brazilian capitalism had first emerged in São Paulo, meaning it would be sufficient to search there for its socioeconomic roots. This idea persisted even after Celso Furtado had shown, in the 1950s still, that while the capital freed by coffee production lay at the origin of the industrial accumulation of São Paulo (and, by extension, Brazil), capitalism in the country was unequal but integrated, such that the fate of the Northeast or Amazonia was not disconnected from the São Paulo dynamic. As a result, the vast literature on the consolidation of capitalism and the labour market in Brazil had an undeniable São-Paulocentric' flavour.

The concentration of research funds in the latter state was a necessary condition for this development, but not a sufficient one. Just as important was the notion of modernity that informed the elaboration of economic and social research programs not only at the University of São Paulo (USP) but also the Higher Institute of Brazilian Studies (ISEB), the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) and the Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV). This notion dictated that any country wishing to modernize had to be capitalist, industrial and urban, marking its position in the community of nations, moreover, from a self-determined position, a feat only possible if it managed to create the internal conditions for economic development. Here we can identity at least part of the reason why until very recently the transition to free labour has been interpreted in conjunction with overseas immigration, insisting on a sharp break between the slave-based economy of the past and the new competitive environment. It is as though the slavocratic regime had been buried with abolition without passing on to the future any of its general dynamic (and inertia). Qualifying and complicating this interpretation, the more recent literature enables us to formulate strong hypotheses that emphasize, along with the evident ruptures, deep continuities with the earlier slavery system in the process of building capitalism in Brazil.4

The first hypothesis is that the São Paulo model of transition to free labour was by no means typical or representative of what happened in the rest of the country. In many ways, São Paulo was the exception, since it was only there that immigration was presented (and implemented) as the sole possible solution for what contemporaries perceived as the workforce problem.'5 In states like Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, Bahia, Pernambuco, Ceará or Maranhão, production work (in farming or mining, in the pampas or in the towns) was gradually taken over by former slaves and their descendents, as well as free Brazilians. Previously seen as merely peripheral agents in the slavery system, the social status of the latter has been entirely revised by new research. In Pernambuco, for example, at the start of the 1870s when immigration had already won over the minds of the São Paulo elite, most rural work was undertaken by free men whose smallholdings had been expropriated from the end of the 18th century onwards, as Palácios demonstrates.6 According to the author, this led analysts of the transition to free labour to believe that the process had been smooth' and painless' in Pernambuco, when in fact the (violent) expropriation of the peasantry had taken place decades earlier, freeing the workforce needed by sugar plantations from the 1850s onwards, a period during which the exodus of slaves to the São Paulo coffee industry intensified. This phenomenon occurred throughout the Northeast,7 as well as Minas Gerais and the South: when foreign immigration to São Paulo began, captive labour represented just a small minority. These events suggest that there was not just one single transition to free labour (or, as Fragoso suggests, to non-slave' labour, since in the 18th and 19th centuries most free men were subject to various forms of forced labour),8 but various transitions at distinct historical moments across different regions of the country.

Regional differences in the pace of transition reflect another important aspect of the slavocratic system: the existence of distinct forms of slavery. Today we have a much clearer understanding of the different regimes for subjugating captives employed in the sugar plantations of Pernambuco or Bahia, the southern Brazilian pampas, the gold and diamond mines of Minas Gerais, the coffee plantations of the Paraíba Valley, the small towns in the interior of São Paulo state, a large city such as Rio de Janeiro or the sugar plantations. In the latter case, for example, occupational hierarchies distinguished slaves according to their adeptness in using machinery, their capacity to produce sugar to a particular standard of quality and so on, generating expectations of social mobility and emancipation that simply did not exist in the sugarcane and cotton fields.9

In the Northeast, small slave owners tended to form less predatory relationships with their workforces, bought at relatively high prices for the economic resources of the majority. They allowed slaves to form families and often released captives in their wills. Furthermore the low capitalization of most of the Northeastern properties meant that slavery coexisted with free (or non-slave) labour at moments of peak demand, such as the sugarcane harvesting period.10 Smallholders who were more or less independent of the big estate owners were called upon seasonally to work on the lands of the slave owners.11 This practice was less frequent in the wealthier regions or on the large sugar plantations where owners had the resources to purchase the slaves needed for the work.

In the city of Rio de Janeiro slaves had considerable freedom of movement since most of their owners lived from their work as street vendors, palanquin (sedan chair) carriers, or water and waste bearers for wealthy families, or indeed any kind of job compatible with their status as paid' or rented' slaves,12 many of whom managed to buy their freedom eventually with their savings.13 This situation contrasted profoundly with the slavery conditions found on coffee plantations in the Paraíba Valley, typified by long working days and very few chances of ever being freed. In addition, 19th century slavery was very different, especially from 1850 onwards when the price of slaves rose steeply and the predatory use of slaves typical to earlier centuries became economically unviable.

The identification of different slavery regimes has shown that colonial Brazil was not a homogenous territory dominated