All You Need is “Love”: Evading Hate Speech Detection
Table 10. Google Perspective “toxicity” scores for S1–S9. Scores from manual modifications (Hosseinietal2017, ) in third column; results reported in the original paper in parentheses.
['[BOLD] Sentence', '[BOLD] Original', '[BOLD] Modified  [BOLD] ( Hosseinietal2017 [BOLD] ,   [BOLD] )', '[BOLD] Modified  [BOLD] “Love”']
Hosseini et al. provide examples of introducing manual typos, punctuation and spaces in each sentence, and demonstrate its effects on Google Perspective. We applied the same modifications to the same example sentences, but received much higher toxicity scores. This indicates that Perspective has been updated, and now performs better on adversarial data. This number is Perspective’s upper limit for the label “unlikely to be considered toxic”.