American Sign Language fingerspelling recognition from video: Methods for unrestricted recognition and signer-independence
Table 3.5: Letter error rates (%) with second pass cascade.
['[EMPTY]', 'Signer-dependent Signer 1', 'Signer-dependent Signer 2', 'Signer-dependent Signer 3', 'Signer-dependent Signer 4', 'Signer-dependent  [BOLD] Mean', 'Signer-adaptation Signer 1', 'Signer-adaptation Signer 2', 'Signer-adaptation Signer 3', 'Signer-adaptation Signer 4', 'Signer-adaptation  [BOLD] Mean']
This improvement, while small, is statistically significant at the p=0.05 level. These results combine the most successful ideas from our experiments and form our final best result for signer-independent experiment. But for signer-dependent setting, this approach achieves the comparable performance and does not improve the recognition in the second pass.