Detection of Glottal Closure Instants from Speech Signals: a Quantitative Review
TABLE III: Relative Computation Time (RCT), in %, for all methods and for male and female speakers. Results have been averaged across all databases.
['[BOLD] Method', '[BOLD] Male', '[BOLD] Female']
, the averaged RCT obtained for our Matlab implementations and with a Intel Core 2 Duo T7500 2.20 GHz CPU with 3GB of RAM. First of all, it is observed that results are ostensibly the same for both genders. Regarding the non-accelerated versions of the GCI detection methods, it turns out that DYPSA is the fastest (with a RCT around 20%), followed by SEDREAMS and YAGA, which both have a RCT of about 28%. The HE-based technique gives a RCT of around 33%, and ZFR, due to its operation of mean removal which has to be repeated three times, is the slowest method with a RCT of 75%. Interestingly, it is noticed that the accelerated versions of HE and SEDREAMS reduce the computation time by about 5 times on male voices, and by around 4 times for female speakers. This leads to the fastest GCI detection algorithms, reaching a RCT of around 6% for Fast SEDREAMS, and about 8% for Fast HE. Note finally that these results could be highly reduced by using, for example, a C-implementation of these techniques, albeit the conclusions remain identical.