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# Prototype Graphs for Radiative Corrections to Polarized Chargino or Neutralino Production in Electron-Positron Annihilation

## 1 Introduction

The results from the last days of the running of LEP, which suggest that the mass of the Higgs scalar is around 115 GeV, has further enhanced the expectation that supersymmetry is realized in Nature . A Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model is the only known scenario which can stabilise the effective potential whilst maintaining the experimental limits on the gauge-boson masses , as well as providing the possibility for a scenario of Grand Unification with a natural heirachy.

Nevertheless, a confirmation of supersymmetry can only result from the experimental identification of supersymmetric partners. The cleanest signal comes from the fermionic superpartners of the gauge bosons and Higgs bosons, the charginos and neutralinos. Regrettably LEP produced no evidence whatsoever for the existence of such particles and their existence is expected to be confirmed or negated by the next generation of hadron colliders. Notwithstanding this, the cleanest signal is still expected from electron-positron colliders and as such a possible future linear collider has an important role to play in the identification and study of fermionic superpartners.

The production cross-section for these superpartners is sensitive to the parameters of the supersymmetry extension. Conversely, a study of the production cross-section can be used to deduce information about the supersymmetry parameters. As has been shown by Choi. et. al. , even more information can be gleaned from the study of cross-sections in which both the initial electron and positron beams are polarized and the spin polarization of the final state fermion is also measured.

The polarized cross-section was studied in detail at the tree-level in . It is known, however,  that at least for certain regions of parameter space, the higher order corrections to the production cross-section can be substantial and they are also sensitive to supersymmetry breaking parameters such as the squark masses, which do not enter into the tree-level calculation.

Recently Blank and Hollick  have reported on a complete calculation of the higher order corrections to the forward-backward asymmetry in the case of polarized electron and positron beams, but did not consider the polarization of the final state fermions.

Reports of numerical calculations for higher order corrections are undoubtedly very useful, but in the case of supersymmetric theories they inevitably refer to a particular set of parameters and need to be entirely repeated should one wish to calculate the effect of higher order corrections in a different part of parameter space.

For this reason we present in this paper the contributions to the polarized scattering amplitudes from all the one-loop prototype diagrams that can occur in a supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model. A prototype diagram is defined by the spins of the internal particles of the loop and we present the results in terms of the Veltman-Passarino functions  for completely general values of the couplings and masses of the internal particles. The formulae presented in this paper can be applied to polarized chargino or neutralino production in electron-positron annihilation, or indeed to any process in which a pair of massive fermions is produced and their polarization measured.

Although the total correction to the cross-section is inevitably gauge invariant, the contribution from individual graphs is not, and we work consistently in the ‘t Hooft-Feynman gauge, in which a gauge boson with momentum $`k`$ and mass $`M`$ has the propagator

$$\frac{ig^{\mu \nu }}{(k^2M^2)}.$$

Some of the Veltman-Passarino functions are ultraviolet divergent. It is assumed that these divergences have been regulated using dimensional regularization. On the other hand the renormalization scheme is, in general, unspecified and is reflected in the precise value assigned to the finite parts of the ultraviolet divergent Passarino-Veltman functions. Mass renormalizations of self-energy insertions are physical (i.e. the renormalization has been affected on mass-shell) and physical wavefunction renormalization has been carried out for the external particles.

The mass of the electron is neglected throughout.

The paper is organized as follows: In section 2 we discuss the general formalism for the calculation of the polarized scattering amplitudes in terms of a set of coefficient functions $`𝒬_{L(R)i,j}`$, which are a generalization of the coefficient functions used in  for the tree-level calculation. These coefficient functions multiply matrix elements of various Dirac-matrix structures, some of which have been relegated to Appendix A. In section 3, we discuss the contribution to these coefficient functions from self-energy and vertex-correction graphs in terms of the more familiar language of form-factors. The relations between the form-factors and the coefficient functions is given. The detailed contributions from the various prototype graphs to the self-energies are given in Appendix B, to the vertex corrections in Appendix C, and to the box-diagrams, which must be expressed directly in terms of the coefficient functions, in Appendix D. In section 4 we present our conclusions.

## 2 Generalized polarized scattering amplitudes

In this section we restrict our discussion to charginos, although it can be equally applied to neutralino production.

We write the scattering amplitude for an electron with helicity $`\alpha =R,L`$ and momentum $`p_1`$, and a positron of opposite helicity and momentum $`p_2`$ into a (positively charged) chargino of mass $`m_{\chi _b}`$ with momentum $`k_2`$ and helicity $`\lambda _2`$ and a (negatively charged) anti-chargino of mass $`m_{\chi _a}`$, momentum $`k_1`$ and helicity $`\lambda _1`$ as

$$𝒜_{\lambda _2,\lambda _1}^\alpha =\frac{2}{s}L_\alpha ^\mu Q_{\mu \alpha }^ik_2,\lambda _2|\mathrm{\Gamma }^i|k_1,\lambda _1..$$
(2.1)
These amplitudes are normalized as in , such that the differential cross-section is given by

$$\frac{d\sigma (\alpha ,\lambda _2,\lambda _1)}{d\mathrm{cos}\theta }=\frac{\lambda ^{1/2}(s,m_{\chi _a}^2,m_{\chi _b}^2)}{128\pi s}\left|𝒜_{\lambda _2,\lambda _1}^\alpha \right|^2,$$
(2.2)
where

$$\lambda (x,y,z)x^2+y^2+z^22xy2xz2yz$$

The contribution from any Feynman graph to such an amplitude can always be expressed in this form by making a suitable Fierz transformation where necessary. Here $`L_{R(L)}^\mu `$ is the leptonic matrix element

$$L_{R(L)}^\mu =\overline{v}(p_2)\gamma ^\mu \frac{(1\pm \gamma ^5)}{2}u(p_1).$$

Since the leptons are considered to be massless these two are the only possible structures for the lepton factor. On the other hand the chargino factor is the sum of matrix elements of five possible $`\gamma `$matrix structures $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_i,i=1\mathrm{}5`$ are given by

$`\mathrm{\Gamma }^1`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{(1+\gamma ^5)}{2}}`$
$`\mathrm{\Gamma }^2`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{(1\gamma ^5)}{2}}`$
$`\mathrm{\Gamma }^3`$ $`=`$ $`\gamma ^\nu {\displaystyle \frac{(1+\gamma ^5)}{2}}`$
$`\mathrm{\Gamma }^4`$ $`=`$ $`\gamma ^\nu {\displaystyle \frac{(1\gamma ^5)}{2}}`$
$`\mathrm{\Gamma }^5`$ $`=`$ $`i\sigma ^{\nu \rho }`$ (2.3)
The coefficients $`Q_{\mu \alpha }^i`$ are tensors which can be reduced to the following structures, in terms of scalar quantities $`𝒬_{L(R)i,j},j=1,2`$, as follows

$`Q_{L(R)1}^\mu `$ $`=`$ $`𝒬_{L(R)1}k_{}^\mu `$
$`Q_{L(R)2}^\mu `$ $`=`$ $`𝒬_{L(R)2}k_{}^\nu `$
$`Q_{L(R)3}^{\mu \nu }`$ $`=`$ $`𝒬_{L(R)3,1}g^{\mu \nu }+𝒬_{L(R)3,2}k_{}^\mu p^\nu `$
$`Q_{L(R)4}^{\mu \nu }`$ $`=`$ $`𝒬_{L(R)4,1}g^{\mu \nu }+𝒬_{L(R)4,2}k_{}^\mu p^\nu `$
$`Q_{L(R)5}^{\mu \nu \rho }`$ $`=`$ $`𝒬_{L(R)5,1}g^{\mu \nu }p^\rho i𝒬_{L(R)5,2}ϵ^{\mu \nu \rho \tau }p_\tau ,`$ (2.4)
where $`k_{}^\mu =(k_1^\mu k_2^\mu )`$ and $`p^\mu =(p_1^\mu p_2^\mu )`$. Any other structure can be expressed in terms of the above quantities, by exploiting the fact that the leptonic current is conserved and that the matrix elements of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }^i`$ are taken between on-shell chargino states. We note here that at the tree level, only $`𝒬_{L(R)3,1}`$ and $`𝒬_{L(R)4,1}`$ are non-zero. Furthermore $`𝒬_{L(R)3,2},𝒬_{L(R)4,2},𝒬_{L(R)5,1}`$ and $`𝒬_{L(R)5,2}`$ do not occur in self-energy or vertex correction graphs, but only arise when boxes are taken into consideration.

We express the contributions to the scattering amplitude multiplying the scalar quantities $`𝒬_{L(R)i,j}`$, using the following notation:
$`k`$ is the 3-momentum of the $`\chi `$ in the C.M. frame and $`\theta `$ is the scattering angle in the C.M. frame, i.e. the angle between the incident electron and the final-state $`\chi ^{}`$. We define further:

$$f_+=\sqrt{(sm_{\chi _a}^2m_{\chi _b}^2)+2k\sqrt{s}}$$
(2.5)
$$f_{}=\sqrt{(sm_{\chi _a}^2m_{\chi _b}^2)2k\sqrt{s}}$$
(2.6)
The scattering amplitude contributions from each of the $`𝒬_{L(R)i,j}`$ are given by:

$$𝒬_{L(R)1}\left\{\frac{2\sqrt{2}k\mathrm{sin}\theta }{\sqrt{s}}\left(f_{}\delta _{\lambda _2+}\delta _{\lambda _1+}+f_+\delta _{\lambda _2}\delta _{\lambda _1}\right)\right\},$$
(2.7)
$$𝒬_{L(R)2}\left\{\frac{2\sqrt{2}k\mathrm{sin}\theta }{\sqrt{s}}\left(f_+\delta _{\lambda _2+}\delta _{\lambda _1+}+f_{}\delta _{\lambda _2}\delta _{\lambda _1}\right)\right\},$$
(2.8)
$$𝒬_{R,3,1}\{\frac{2k\mathrm{sin}\theta }{\sqrt{s}}(a_1(R,\lambda _2,\lambda _1)a_2(R,\lambda _2,\lambda _1))\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}a_4((R,\lambda _2,\lambda _1)\},$$
(2.9)
$$𝒬_{L,3,1}\{\frac{2k\mathrm{sin}\theta }{\sqrt{s}}(a_1(R,\lambda _2,\lambda _1)a_2(R,\lambda _2,\lambda _1))+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}a_4((R,\lambda _2,\lambda _1)\},$$
(2.10)
$$𝒬_{R(L),3,2}\left\{\frac{4k\mathrm{sin}\theta }{\sqrt{s}}\stackrel{~}{a}_3(R,\lambda _2,\lambda _1)\right\},$$
(2.11)
$$𝒬_{R,4,1}\{\frac{2k\mathrm{sin}\theta }{\sqrt{s}}(a_1(L,\lambda _2,\lambda _1)a_2(L,\lambda _2,\lambda _1))\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}a_4((L,\lambda _2,\lambda _1)\},$$
(2.12)
$$𝒬_{L,4,1}\{\frac{2k\mathrm{sin}\theta }{\sqrt{s}}(a_1(L,\lambda _2,\lambda _1)a_2(L,\lambda _2,\lambda _1))+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}a_4((L,\lambda _2,\lambda _1)\},$$
(2.13)
$$𝒬_{R(L),4,2}\left\{\frac{4k\mathrm{sin}\theta }{\sqrt{s}}\stackrel{~}{a}_3(L,\lambda _2,\lambda _1)\right\},$$
(2.14)
$`𝒬_{R,5,1}\{\sqrt{2}(f_+f_{})[\mathrm{sin}\theta \delta _{\lambda _2\lambda _1}`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{(m_{\chi _a}m_{\chi _b})}{\sqrt{s}}}(\mathrm{cos}\theta \mathrm{sgn}(\lambda _1)+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}1})\delta _{\lambda _2,\lambda _1}]\},`$ (2.15)
$`𝒬_{L,5,1}\{\sqrt{2}(f_+f_{})[\mathrm{sin}\theta \delta _{\lambda _2\lambda _1}`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{(m_{\chi _a}m_{\chi _b})}{\sqrt{s}}}(\mathrm{cos}\theta \mathrm{sgn}(\lambda _1)\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}1})\delta _{\lambda _2,\lambda _1}]\},`$ (2.16)
$`𝒬_{R,5,2}\{2\sqrt{2}(f_++f_{})[\mathrm{sin}\theta \delta _{\lambda _2\lambda _1}\mathrm{sgn}(\lambda _1)`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{(m_{\chi _a}+m_{\chi _b})}{\sqrt{s}}}(\mathrm{cos}\theta +\mathrm{sgn}(\lambda _1))\delta _{\lambda _2,\lambda _1}]\},`$ (2.17)
$`𝒬_{L,5,2}\{2\sqrt{2}(f_++f_{})[\mathrm{sin}\theta \delta _{\lambda _2\lambda _1}\mathrm{sgn}(\lambda _1)`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{(m_{\chi _a}+m_{\chi _b})}{\sqrt{s}}}(\mathrm{cos}\theta \mathrm{sgn}(\lambda _1))\delta _{\lambda _2,\lambda _1}]\}.`$ (2.18)
The amplitudes, $`a_i(\alpha ,\lambda _2,\lambda _1),,(i=1\mathrm{}4)`$ and $`\stackrel{~}{a}_3((\alpha ,\lambda _2,\lambda _1)`$ are given in Appendix A.

## 3 Self-energy and vertex corrections

The coefficient functions, $`𝒬_{L(R)i,j}`$, which acquire contributions from self-energy insertions and triangle graphs are best treated in terms of form-factors, which replace point-like vertices in the tree-level contributions that arise either from a graph involving an exchange in the $`s`$channel of a vector boson, or the $`t`$channel exchange of a scalar particle ( a sneutrino in the case of chargino pair production from electron-positron annihilation).

We write the general vertex for a vector boson coupling to an anti-fermion momentum fermion with (on-shell) momenta $`k_1`$ and $`k_2`$ respectively, as

$$F_0^+\gamma ^\mu \frac{(1+\gamma ^5)}{2}+F_0^{}\gamma ^\mu \frac{(1\gamma ^5)}{2}+F_k^+k_{}^\mu \frac{(1+\gamma ^5)}{2}+F_k^{}k_{}^\mu \frac{(1\gamma ^5)}{2}.$$

Note that the form-factors $`F_k^+,F_k^{}`$ are absent at tree-level.

The Yukawa coupling of fermions to a scalar particle is given by

$$F_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }}^\pm \frac{(1\pm \gamma ^5)}{2}$$

for right-(left-) handed incoming fermions respectively.

Thus the contributions to the coefficient functions from the exchange of a vector boson of mass $`M_V`$ in the $`s`$channel are:

$`\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L(R)3,1}`$ $`=`$ $`g_{L(R)}{\displaystyle \frac{s}{(sM_V^2)}}F_{0(V)}^+,`$
$`\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L(R)4,1}`$ $`=`$ $`g_{L(R)}{\displaystyle \frac{s}{(sM_V^2)}}F_{0(V)}^{},`$
$`\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L(R)1}`$ $`=`$ $`g_{L(R)}{\displaystyle \frac{s}{(sM_V^2)}}F_{k(V)}^+,`$
$`\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L(R)2}`$ $`=`$ $`g_{L(R)}{\displaystyle \frac{s}{(sM_V^2)}}F_{k(V)}^{},`$ (3.1)
where $`g_{L(R)}`$ is the coupling of the left-(right-)handed electrons to the vector boson.

Upon performing a Fierz transformation, the contributions to the coefficient functions from the exchange of a scalar particle of mass $`m_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }}`$ in the $`t`$channel, is given by

$$\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}4},1}=\frac{1}{2}\frac{s}{(tm_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }}^2)}F_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }}^{}(F_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }}^{})^{},$$
(3.2)
for a scalar particle that couples to left-handed incoming electrons and

$$\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}3},1}=\frac{1}{2}\frac{s}{(tm_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }}^2)}F_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }}^+(F_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }}^+)^{},$$
(3.3)
for a scalar particle that couples to right-handed incoming electrons.

Note that $`F_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }}^\pm `$ are the form-factors for an incoming electron and outgoing anti-chargino or anti-neutralino with helicities $`\pm `$, whereas $`(F_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }}^\pm )^{}`$ are the form-factors for an incoming positron and outgoing chargino or neutralino with helicities $`\pm `$,

### 3.1 Self-energy insertions:

The contribution to the form-factors $`F_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }}^\pm `$ from the self-energy $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }}(t)`$ of the scalar particle exchanged in the $`t`$channel is given by

$$\mathrm{\Delta }F_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }}^\pm =\frac{\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }}(t)\mathrm{\Sigma }_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }}(m_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }}^2)\right)}{\left(tm_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }}^2\right)}F_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }}^\pm .$$
(3.4)
For the exchange of a gauge-boson in the $`s`$-channel, we need to account for possible mixing at the one-loop level between a gauge-boson $`V`$ and a gauge-boson $`V^{}`$. The transverse part of the self-energy can be written in general as $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_{VV^{}}(s)`$, and the contribution to the form-factors $`F_{0(V)}^\pm `$ is given by

$$\mathrm{\Delta }F_{0(V)}^\pm =\frac{\left(\mathrm{\Sigma }_{VV^{}}(s)\mathrm{\Sigma }_{VV^{}}(M_V^{}^2)\right)}{\left(sM_V^{}^2\right)}F_{0(V^{})}^\pm .$$
(3.5)
The contribution to the form-factors from the self-energy of the charginos (or neutralinos) is more complicated owing to different one-loop contributions to left-and right-handed components and to the mixing between the different species of charginos (neutralinos). The was discussed in detail in . Here we reproduce the main results.

The general self-energy of a chargino or neutralino of momentum $`p`$ can be written as

$$\mathrm{\Sigma }_{ab}(p)=\left(A_{ab}^+(p^2)+B_{ab}^+(p^2)\gamma p\right)\frac{(1+\gamma ^5)}{2}+\left(A_{ab}^{}(p^2)+B_{ab}^{}(p^2)\gamma p\right)\frac{(1\gamma ^5)}{2},$$
(3.6)
where the suffix $`ab`$ refers to an outgoing chargino (neutralino) of type $`a`$ and an incoming chargino (neutralino) of type $`b`$.

We denote $`F^{\pm a}`$ to mean the form-factor involving a chargino or neutralino of type $`a`$ (with mass $`m_a`$).

The correction to the form-factors due to the self-energies of the external fermion is given by

$`\mathrm{\Delta }F^{\pm a}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left\{\pm {\displaystyle \frac{(A_{aa}^+A_{aa}^{})}{2m_a}}+B_{aa}^\pm +m_a\left(A_{aa}^++A_{aa}^{}+m_a(B_{aa}^++B_{aa}^{})\right)\right\}F^{\pm a}`$ (3.7)
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{ba}{}}\left\{{\displaystyle \frac{m_aA_{ab}^\pm +m_bA_{ab}^{}+m_a^2B_{ab}^\pm +m_am_bB_{ab}^{}}{(m_a^2m_b^2)}}\right\}F^{\pm b}`$
for the self-energy correction to a chargino (neutralino), and

$`\mathrm{\Delta }F^{\pm a}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left\{\pm {\displaystyle \frac{(A_{aa}^{}A_{aa}^+)}{2m_a}}+B_{aa}^\pm +m_a\left(A_{aa}^++A_{aa}^{}+m_a(B_{aa}^++B_{aa}^{})\right)\right\}F^{\pm a}`$ (3.8)
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{ba}{}}\left\{{\displaystyle \frac{m_aA_{ba}^{}+m_bA_{ba}^\pm +m_a^2B_{ba}^\pm +m_am_bB_{ba}^{}}{(m_a^2m_b^2)}}\right\}F^{\pm b}`$
for the self-energy correction to an anti-chargino (anti-neutralino). The $``$ refers to the derivative w.r.t. $`p^2`$ and all the functions are taken at the point $`p^2=m_a^2`$.

The contributions from the various prototype diagrams to the self energies, $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }},\mathrm{\Sigma }_{VV^{}},\mathrm{\Sigma }_{ab}`$ are given in Appendix B.

### 3.2 Triangle graphs:

The contributions to the form-factors, $`F_0^\pm ,F_k^\pm ,F_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }}^\pm `$ from the different possible triangle graphs are given in Appendix C.

We note here that for a complete one-loop calcualtion, we also need to account for the form-factor of the vertex between the intermediate gauge bosons and the incoming electron-positron pair. Since we neglect the masses of the leptons only the form-factors, $`F_0^\pm `$ are non-zero. The contributions to these are obtained form the vertex protoypes 5 - 8 by setting $`m_{\chi _a},m_{\chi _b}=\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}`$.

## 4 Box graphs

The contibutions to the coefficient functions $`𝒬_{L(R)i,j}`$ from all the prototype box graphs are given in Appendix D. All box graphs contributing to the process under consideration can be expressed in terms of these prototypes or prototypes which can be obtained from them by the simple crossing relations $`tu`$, $`m_{\chi _a}m_{\chi _b}`$.

## 5 Conclusions

In this paper we have presented explicit expressions for the contributions from all prototypes of one-loop corrections in terms of the Veltman-Passarino functions. The results are given in terms of general couplings and internal masses, so that they can be used in any model for the determination of the scattering amplitudes of polarized fermion pair production.

The results are presented in two stages. Firstly, the helicity amplitudes are given in terms of a small number of coefficient functions, $`𝒬_{L(R)i,j}`$, of various effective interaction structures. Secondly the contributions from all prototype Feynman diagrams to these coefficient functions are given.

There exist  relations between the Veltman-Passarino functions used in this paper, such that they can all be reduced to “scalar” types functions, $`A0,B0,C0`$ and $`D0`$. We have chosen not to implement these relations in the expressions presented here. With the exception of cases in which some of the internal particles masses vanish, the expressions tend be be considerably longer when only this minimal set of functions is used. Instead, it is probably more efficient to implement these relations at the point of numerical calculations. A FORTRAN library exists  for the numerical calculation of the Veltman-Passarino functions, but unfortunately these only calculate such functions with up to one power of the loop momentum in the numerator. We have written a set of FORTRAN subroutines which are to be used in conjunction with this library and can be used to calculate the Veltman-Passarino functions with up to three powers of loop momenta in the numerator (for the calculation addressed in this paper only two powers of loop momenta are required). These routines are available upon request as well as a set of subroutines that calculate the contributions to the coefficient functions, $`𝒬_{L(R)i,j}`$, from all the prototype diagrams considered in this paper.

###### Acknowledgments.

The authors wish to thank Steve King for useful conversations, assistance, and many helpful suggestions.
Many of the algebraic manipulations performed in this work were carried out using FORM .
This work was partially supported by CONICYT grant No: 1010974.

## Appendix A

The quantities $`a_i(\alpha ,\lambda _2,\lambda _1)`$ used in eqs.(2.9-2.14) are given by

$$a_i(\alpha ,\lambda _2,\lambda _1)=R_i^j\stackrel{~}{a}_j(\alpha ,\lambda _2,\lambda _1).$$
(A.1)
The $`4\times 4`$ matrix, $`R`$, can be written in terms of the is the the matrix $`3\times 3`$ matrix, $`T`$ as

$$R=\frac{1}{sk^2\mathrm{sin}^2\theta }\left(\begin{array}{cc}T& \\ & k^2\mathrm{sin}^2\theta \end{array}\right),$$
(A.2)
where

$$T=\left(\begin{array}{ccc}m_{\chi _b}^2k^2\mathrm{cos}^2\theta & \frac{1}{2}s_{}k^2\mathrm{cos}^2\theta & \frac{k\mathrm{cos}\theta }{2\sqrt{s}}s_+\\ \frac{1}{2}s_{}k^2\mathrm{cos}^2\theta & m_{\chi _a}^2k^2\mathrm{cos}^2\theta & \frac{k\mathrm{cos}\theta }{2\sqrt{s}}s_+\\ \frac{k\mathrm{cos}\theta }{2\sqrt{s}}s_+& \frac{k\mathrm{cos}\theta }{2\sqrt{s}}s_+& k^2\end{array}\right),$$
(A.3)
with $`s_{}=sm_{\chi _a}^2m_{\chi _b}^2`$, $`s_+=s+m_{\chi _a}^2m_{\chi _b}^2`$, and $`s_+=sm_{\chi _a}^2+m_{\chi _b}^2`$. The quantities $`\stackrel{~}{a}_i(\alpha ,\lambda _2,\lambda _1)`$ are given (in four vector notation, $`i=1\mathrm{}4`$) by

$`\stackrel{~}{a}(R,+,+)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}(m_{\chi _a}f_+,m_{\chi _b}f_{},\left(m_{\chi _a}f_++m_{\chi _b}f_{}\right)\mathrm{cos}\theta ,0)`$
$`\stackrel{~}{a}(R,+,)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}(0,0,\sqrt{s}f_+\mathrm{sin}\theta ,\sqrt{s}f_+)`$
$`\stackrel{~}{a}(R,,+)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}(0,0,\sqrt{s}f_{}\mathrm{sin}\theta ,\sqrt{s}f_{})`$
$`\stackrel{~}{a}(R,,)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}(m_{\chi _a}f_{},m_{\chi _b}f_+,\left(m_{\chi _a}f_{}+m_{\chi _b}f_+\right)\mathrm{cos}\theta ,0)`$
$`\stackrel{~}{a}(L,+,+)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}(m_{\chi _a}f_{},m_{\chi _b}f_+,\left(m_{\chi _a}f_{}+m_{\chi _b}f_+\right)\mathrm{cos}\theta ,0)`$
$`\stackrel{~}{a}(L,+,)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}(0,0,\sqrt{s}f_{}\mathrm{sin}\theta ,\sqrt{s}f_{})`$
$`\stackrel{~}{a}(L,,+)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}(0,0,\sqrt{s}f_+\mathrm{sin}\theta ,\sqrt{s}f_+)`$
$`\stackrel{~}{a}(L,,)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}(m_{\chi _a}f_+,m_{\chi _b}f_{},\left(m_{\chi _a}f_++m_{\chi _b}f_{}\right)\mathrm{cos}\theta ,0)`$ (A.4)
Note that the quantities $`\stackrel{~}{a}_3(R(L)(\lambda _2,\lambda _1)`$ of eqs. (2.11, 2.14) are the third components of these vectors.

## Appendix B

Prototype self-energy graphs

The self-energy corrections in a general supersymmetric theory have been considered in detail in . For completeness, and to conform with the notation used in this paper, we repeat the results for the various self-energy prototype diagrams in this Appendix, in terms of the Veltman-Passarino functions, $`A0,B0,B1,B21,B22`$, defined as

$`i{\displaystyle \frac{d^4l}{(2\pi )^4}\frac{1}{(l^2m_1^2)((l+v)^2m_2^2)}}`$ $`=`$ $`B0`$
$`i{\displaystyle \frac{d^4l}{(2\pi )^4}\frac{l^\rho }{(l^2m_1^2)((l+v)^2m_2^2)}}`$ $`=`$ $`B1v^\rho ,`$
$`i{\displaystyle \frac{d^4l}{(2\pi )^4}\frac{l^2}{(l^2m_1^2)((l+v)^2m_2^2)}}`$ $`=`$ $`A0(m_2^2)+m_1^2B0`$
$`i{\displaystyle \frac{d^4l}{(2\pi )^4}\frac{l^\rho l^\sigma }{(l^2m_1^2)((l+v)^2m_2^2)}}`$ $`=`$ $`g^{\rho \sigma }B22+B21v^\rho v^\sigma .`$ (B.1)
### Scalar self-energy

SELF-ENERGY PROTOTYPE 1

$$16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{\Sigma }_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }}(t)=4abM_W^2\left[B0\frac{1}{2}\right]$$
(B.2)
SELF-ENERGY PROTOTYPE 2

$$16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{\Sigma }_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }}(t)=ab\left[\left(t+m_1^2\right)B0\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}tB1+A0\right]$$
(B.3)
SELF-ENERGY PROTOTYPE 3

$$16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{\Sigma }_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }}(t)=abM_W^2B0$$
(B.4)
SELF-ENERGY PROTOTYPE 4

$$16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{\Sigma }_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }}(t)=\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}\left(ad+bc\right)\left[A0+m_1^2B_0+tB1\right]\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}\left(ac+bd\right)m_1m_2B0$$
(B.5)
### Vector self-energy

SELF-ENERGY PROTOTYPE 5

$`a^{\mu \rho \sigma }`$ and $`b_{\nu \rho \sigma }`$ are the usual triple gauge boson vertices with gauge couplings $`a`$ and $`b`$ respectively. The contribution from Faddeev-Popov ghosts has been added to this graph.

$$16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{\Sigma }_{VV}(s)=ab\left[8B22+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}A0+\left(5s+2m_1^2\right)B0+2sB1+\frac{2}{3}s\right]$$
(B.6)
SELF-ENERGY PROTOTYPE 6

$$16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{\Sigma }_{VV}(s)=abM_W^2B0$$
(B.7)
SELF-ENERGY PROTOTYPE 7

$$16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{\Sigma }_{VV}(s)=\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}4}abB22$$
(B.8)
SELF-ENERGY PROTOTYPE 8

$$16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{\Sigma }_{VV}(s)=2\left(ad+bc\right)m_1m_2B0\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}\left(ac+bd\right)\left[A0+m_1^2B0+sB1\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}B22\right]$$
(B.9)
### Fermion self-energy

SELF-ENERGY PROTOTYPE 9

$`16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }A^+`$ $`=`$ $`\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}4}bcm_1\left[B0{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\right]`$
$`16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }A^{}`$ $`=`$ $`\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}4}adm_1\left[B0{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\right]`$
$`16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }B^+`$ $`=`$ $`\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}ac\left[B1+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\right]`$
$`16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }B^{}`$ $`=`$ $`\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}bd\left[B1+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\right]`$ (B.10)
SELF-ENERGY PROTOTYPE 10

$`16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }A^+`$ $`=`$ $`acm_1B0`$
$`16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }A^+`$ $`=`$ $`bdm_1B0`$
$`16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }B^+`$ $`=`$ $`bcB1`$
$`16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }B^{}`$ $`=`$ $`adB1`$ (B.11)
## Appendix C

Prototype triangle graphs

In this Appendix we give the expressions for the prototype triangle diagrams, with couplings indicated in the diagrams, in terms of the Veltman-Passarino functions, $`C0,C11,C12,C21,`$ $`C23,C24`$, These functions, with arguments $`v_1^2,v_2^2,(v_1+v_2)^2,m_1^2,m_2^2,m_3^2`$ are defined as

$`i{\displaystyle \frac{d^4l}{(2\pi )^4}\frac{1}{(l^2m_1^2)((l+v_1)^2m_2^2)(l+v_1+v_2)^2m_3^2)}}`$ $`=`$ $`C0`$
$`i{\displaystyle \frac{d^4l}{(2\pi )^4}\frac{l^\rho }{(l^2m_1^2)((l+v_1)^2m_2^2)(l+v_1+v_2)^2m_3^2)}}`$ $`=`$ $`C11v_1^\rho +C12v_2^\rho ,`$
$`i{\displaystyle \frac{d^4l}{(2\pi )^4}\frac{l^2}{(l^2m_1^2)((l+v_1)^2m_2^2)(l+v_1+v_2)^2m_3^2)}}`$ $`=`$ $`B0+m_1^2C0`$
$`i{\displaystyle \frac{d^4l}{(2\pi )^4}\frac{l^\rho l^\sigma }{(l^2m_1^2)((l+v_1)^2m_2^2)(l+v_1+v_2)^2m_3^2)}}`$ $`=`$ $`g^{\rho \sigma }C24+C21v_1^\rho v_1^\sigma `$ (C.1)
$`+C22v_2^\rho v_2^\sigma +C23\left(v_1^\rho v_2^\sigma +v_2^\rho v_1^\sigma \right)`$
The arguments of the function $`B0`$ are $`(v_2^2,m_2^2,m_3^2)`$.

For the form-factor of the scalar particles, exchanged in the $`t`$channel, one substitutes, $`0,m_{\chi _a}^2`$, (or $`m_{\chi _b}^2`$), $`t`$, for $`v_1^2,v_2^2,(v_1+v_2)^2`$ respectively, whereas for the vector-boson form factors one substitutes $`m_{\chi _a}^2,m_{\chi _b}^2,s`$ for $`v_1^2,v_2^2,(v_1+v_2)^2`$ respectively.

The contributions to the form-factors from each prototype vertex diagram are given below. Diagrams involving internal gauge-bosons are calculated in Feynman gauge.

### Scalar form-factor diagrams

VERTEX PROTOTYPE 1

$$16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }F_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }}^{}=bde\left[2\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}4}B0+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}\left(m_{\chi _a}^2t\right)\left(C11+C12\right)\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}4}m_{\chi _a}^2C12\right]+2bcem_3m_{\chi _a}C12$$
(C.2)
VERTEX PROTOTYPE 2

$$16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }F_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }}^{}=ade\left[B0+m_1^2C0tC12\right]+acem_2m_{\chi _a}\left[C0C12\right]$$
(C.3)
VERTEX PROTOTYPE 3

$$16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }F_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }}^{}=ade\left[B0+m_1^2C0+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}m_{\chi _a}^2C12+\left(tm_{\chi _a}^2\right)\left(C12+2C112C0\right)\right]$$
(C.4)
VERTEX PROTOTYPE 4

$$16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }F_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }}^{}=2adeM_Wm_2C0\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}aceM_Wm_{\chi _a}C12$$
(C.5)
For all the above prototype graphs, we obtain similar expressions for $`\mathrm{\Delta }(F_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }}^{})^{}`$ with $`m_{\chi _a}m_{\chi _b}`$.

### Vector form-factor diagrams

VERTEX PROTOTYPE 5

$`16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }F_0^+`$ $`=`$ $`acem_{\chi _b}m_3C12+bdfm_{\chi _a}m_3C11`$ (C.6)
$`+`$ $`acf[2C24{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}+m_{\chi _a}^2(C11C12+C21C23)`$
$`+m_{\chi _b}^2(C22C23)+s(C12+C23)]`$
$`+`$ $`bdem_{\chi _a}m_{\chi _b}\left[C11C12\right]bcfm_1m_3C0`$
$``$ $`adfm_1m_{\chi _a}\left[C0+C11\right]bcem_1m_{\chi _b}\left[C0+C12\right]`$
$`16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }F_0^{}`$ $`=`$ $`acem_{\chi _a}m_3C11+bdfm_{\chi _b}m_3C12`$ (C.7)
$`+`$ $`bde[2C24{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}+m_{\chi _a}^2(C11C12+C21C23)`$
$`+m_{\chi _b}^2(C22C23)+s(C12+C23)]`$
$`+`$ $`acfm_{\chi _a}m_{\chi _b}\left[C11C12\right]adem_1m_3C0`$
$``$ $`bcem_1m_{\chi _a}\left[C0+C11\right]adfm_1m_{\chi _b}\left[C0+C12\right]`$
$`16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }F_k^+`$ $`=`$ $`acfm_{\chi _b}\left[C22C23\right]+bdem_{\chi _a}\left[C11C12+C21C23\right]`$ (C.8)
$`+`$ $`acem_3C12bcem_1\left[C0+C11\right]`$
$`16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }F_k^{}`$ $`=`$ $`bdem_{\chi _b}\left[C22C23\right]+acfm_{\chi _a}\left[C11C12+C21C23\right]`$ (C.9)
$`+`$ $`bdfm_3C12adfm_1\left[C0+C11\right]`$
VERTEX PROTOTYPE 6

$`16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }F_0^+`$ $`=`$ $`2ace[2C24\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}1}+m_{\chi _a}^2(C21C23)`$ (C.10)
$`+m_{\chi _b}^2(C12C11+C22C23)+s(C11+C23)]`$
$``$ $`2bdfm_{\chi _a}m_{\chi _b}\left[C11C12\right]\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}bcem_1m_3C0`$
$`16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }F_0^{}`$ $`=`$ $`2bdf[2C24\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}1}+m_{\chi _a}^2(C21C23)`$ (C.11)
$`+m_{\chi _b}^2(C12C11+C22C23)+s(C11+C23)]`$
$``$ $`2acem_{\chi _a}m_{\chi _b}\left[C11C12\right]\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}adfm_1m_3C0`$
$`16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }F_k^+`$ $`=`$ $`2bdfm_{\chi _a}\left[C21C23\right]+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}acem_{\chi _b}\left[C12C11+C22C23\right]`$ (C.12)
$`+`$ $`2bcfm_1\left[C11C12\right]+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}acfm_3\left[C11C12\right]`$
$`16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }F_k^{}`$ $`=`$ $`2acem_{\chi _a}\left[C21C23\right]+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}bdfm_{\chi _b}\left[C12C11+C22C23\right]`$ (C.13)
$`+`$ $`2adem_1\left[C11C12\right]+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}bdem_3\left[C11C12\right]`$
VERTEX PROTOTYPE 7

$`a_{\nu \rho }^\mu `$ is the usual triple gauge-boson vertex, multiplied by a gauge coupling, $`a`$.

$`16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }F_0^+`$ $`=`$ $`ace[4C24+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}B0\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}1}+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}m_1^2C0+m_{\chi _a}^2(2C0+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}4}C11\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}3}C12)`$ (C.14)
$`+m_{\chi _b}^2(C0+C11\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}C12)+s(3C12C11C0)]`$
$`+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}3}adfm_{\chi _a}m_{\chi _b}\left[C0+C11C12\right]\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}3}acfm_2m_{\chi _b}C0\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}3}adem_2m_{\chi _a}C0`$
$`16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }F_0^{}`$ $`=`$ $`adf[4C24+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}B0\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}1}+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}m_1^2C0+m_{\chi _a}^2(2C0+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}4}C11\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}3}C12)`$ (C.15)
$`+m_{\chi _b}^2(C0+C11\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}C12)+s(3C12C11C0)]`$
$`+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}3}acem_{\chi _a}m_{\chi _b}\left[C0+C11C12\right]\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}3}adem_2m_{\chi _b}C0\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}3}acfm_2m_{\chi _a}C0`$
$`16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }F_k^+`$ $`=`$ $`acem_{\chi _b}\left[2C0+2C11C12\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}C22+2C23\right]`$ (C.16)
$`+adfm_{\chi _a}\left[C0C11\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}C21+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}C23\right]\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}3}acfm_2\left[C0C11+C12\right]`$
$`16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }F_k^{}`$ $`=`$ $`adfm_{\chi _b}\left[2C0+2C11C12\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}C22+2C23\right]`$ (C.17)
$`+acem_{\chi _a}\left[C0C11\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}C21+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}C23\right]\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}3}adem_2\left[C0C11+C12\right]`$
VERTEX PROTOTYPE 8

$$16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }F_0^+=\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}acfC24$$
(C.18)
$$16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }F_0^{}=\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}adeC24$$
(C.19)
$`16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }F_k^+`$ $`=`$ $`acfm_{\chi _b}\left[C22C23\right]+adem_{\chi _a}\left[C11C12+C21C23\right]`$ (C.20)
$`+`$ $`acem_2\left[C11C12\right]`$
$`16\pi ^2\mathrm{\Delta }F_k^{}`$ $`=`$ $`adem_{\chi _b}\left[C22C23\right]+acfm_{\chi _a}\left[C11C12+C21C23\right]`$ (C.21)
$`+`$ $`adfm_2\left[C11C12\right]`$
## Appendix D

Prototype box graphs

In this Appendix we give the expressions for the prototype box diagrams, with couplings indicated in the diagrams, in terms of the Veltman-Passarino functions, $`D0`$, $`D1(i),i=1\mathrm{}3`$, $`D20`$ and $`D2(i,j),i,j=1\mathrm{}3`$. These are defined as

$`i{\displaystyle \frac{d^4l}{\pi ^2}\frac{1}{(l^2m_1^2)((l+v_1)^2m_2^2)(l+v_1+v_2)^2m_3^2)((lv_4)^2m_4^2)}}`$ $`=`$ $`D0`$
$`i{\displaystyle \frac{d^4l}{\pi ^2}\frac{l^\rho }{(l^2m_1^2)((l+v_1)^2m_2^2)(l+v_1+v_2)^2m_3^2)((lv_4)^2m_4^2)}}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{i=1}{\overset{3}{}}}D1(i)v_i^\rho ,`$
$`i{\displaystyle \frac{d^4l}{\pi ^2}\frac{l^2}{(l^2m_1^2)((l+v_1)^2m_2^2)(l+v_1+v_2)^2m_3^2)((lv_4)^2m_4^2)}}`$ $`=`$ $`C0(1)+m_1^2D0`$
$`i{\displaystyle \frac{d^4l}{\pi ^2}\frac{l^\rho l^\sigma }{(l^2m_1^2)((l+v_1)^2m_2^2)(l+v_1+v_2)^2m_3^2)((lv_4)^2m_4^2)}}`$ $`=`$ $`g^{\rho \sigma }D20`$ (D.1)
$`+{\displaystyle \underset{i,j=1}{\overset{3}{}}}D2(i,j)v_i^\rho v_j^\sigma `$
For the uncrossed box prototypes 1, 2, 3a, 3b, 4a the vectors $`v_i`$ are

$$v_1^\mu =p_1^\mu $$

$$v_2^\mu =p_2^\mu $$

$$v_3^\mu =k_2^\mu $$

$$v_4^\mu =k_1^\mu $$

The arguments of the D-functions are

$$Di(\alpha )=Di(\alpha )(s,t,0,0,m_{\chi _b}^2,m_{\chi _a}^2,m_1,m_2,m_3,m_4)$$

and $`C0(1)`$ means

$$C0(0,m_{\chi _b}^2,t,m_2^2,m_3^2,m_4^2),$$

whereas for the crossed box prototypes 4c,5a and 5b

$$v_1^\mu =p_1^\mu $$

$$v_2^\mu =k_2^\mu $$

$$v_3^\mu =p_2^\mu $$

$$v_4^\mu =k_1^\mu .$$

The arguments of the D-functions are

$$Di(\alpha )=Di(\alpha )(u,t,0,m_{\chi _b}^2,0,m_{\chi _a}^2,m_1,m_2,m_3,m_4)$$

and $`C0(1)`$ means

$$C0(m_{\chi _b}^2,0,t,m_2^2,m_3^2,m_4^2)$$

The contributions, $`\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{\alpha ,i,j}`$ to the coefficient function $`𝒬_{\alpha ,i,j}`$ from each prototype box diagram are given below. Diagrams involving internal gauge-bosons are calculated in Feynman gauge.

BOX PROTOTYPE 1

$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,1}`$ $`=`$ $`m_{\chi _a}bdf^2\left[D0+D1(1)+D1(2)+D1(3)+D2(3,1)+D2(3,2)\right]`$ (D.2)
$``$ $`m_4bcf^2\left[D0+D1(1)+D1(2)\right]`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,2}`$ $`=`$ $`m_{\chi _b}bdf^2[D0+D1(1)+D1(2)D1(3)`$ (D.3)
$`+D2(3,1)+D2(3,2)2D2(3,3)]`$
$`+`$ $`m_4adf^2\left[D0+D1(1)+D1(2)2D1(3)\right]`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,3,1}`$ $`=`$ $`m_{\chi _a}m_4adf^2\left[D0+D1(1)+D1(2)\right]`$ (D.4)
$``$ $`2m_{\chi _a}^2acf^2\left[D0+D1(1)+D1(2)+D1(3)\right]`$
$``$ $`m_{\chi _b}m_4bcf^2\left[D0+D1(1)+D1(2)2D1(3)\right]`$
$``$ $`4m_1^2acf^2D0`$
$`+acf^2\left[2t\left(D0+D1(1)\right)4C0(1)2(su)(D1(2)D1(3))\right]`$
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,3,2}=0$$
(D.5)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,4,1}`$ $`=`$ $`m_{\chi _a}m_4bcf^2\left[D0+D1(1)+D1(2)\right]`$ (D.6)
$`+`$ $`m_{\chi _b}m_4adf^2[(D0+D1(1)+D1(2)2D1(3)]`$
$``$ $`4bdf^2D20`$
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,4,2}=bdf^2\left[D0+D1(1)D1(2)+D1(3)+D2(3,1)D2(3,2)\right]$$
(D.7)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,5,1}=\frac{1}{2}m_4\left(adbc\right)f^2\left[D0+D1(1)D1(2)\right]$$
(D.8)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,5,2}=\frac{1}{4}m_4\left(ad+bc\right)f^2\left[D0+D1(1)D1(2)\right]$$
(D.9)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,1}`$ $`=`$ $`m_{\chi _b}ach^2[D0+D1(1)+D1(2)D1(3)`$ (D.10)
$`+D2(3,1)+D2(3,2)2D2(3,3)]`$
$`+`$ $`m_4bch^2\left[D0+D1(1)+D1(2)2D1(3)\right]`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,2}`$ $`=`$ $`m_{\chi _a}ach^2\left[D0+D1(1)+D1(2)+D1(3)+D2(3,1)+D2(3,2)\right]`$ (D.11)
$``$ $`m_4adh^2\left[D0+D1(1)+D1(2)\right]`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,3,1}`$ $`=`$ $`m_{\chi _a}m_4adh^2\left[D0+D1(1)+D1(2)\right]`$ (D.12)
$`+`$ $`m_{\chi _b}m_4bch^2[(D0+D1(1)+D1(2)2D1(3)]`$
$``$ $`4ach^2D20`$
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,3,2}=ach^2\left[D0+D1(1)D1(2)+D1(3)+D2(3,1)D2(3,2)\right]$$
(D.13)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,4,1}`$ $`=`$ $`m_{\chi _a}m_4bch^2\left[D0+D1(1)+D1(2)\right]`$ (D.14)
$``$ $`2m_{\chi _a}^2bdh^2\left[D0+D1(1)+D1(2)+D1(3)\right]`$
$``$ $`m_{\chi _b}m_4adh^2\left[D0+D1(1)+D1(2)2D1(3)\right]`$
$``$ $`4m_1^2bdh^2D0`$
$`+bdh^2(2t(D0+D1(1))4C0(1)\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}(su)(D1(2)D1(3))]`$
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,4,2}=0$$
(D.15)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,5,1}=\frac{1}{2}m_4\left(adbc\right)h^2\left[D0+D1(1)D1(2)\right]$$
(D.16)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,5,2}=\frac{1}{4}m_4\left(ad+bc\right)h^2\left[D0+D1(1)D1(2)\right]$$
(D.17)
BOX PROTOTYPE 2

$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _a}adf^2\left[2D1(3)+D2(3,1)+D2(3,2)\right]`$ (D.18)
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _b}bcf^2\left[2D2(3,3)D2(3,1)D2(3,2)\right]`$
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_4acf^2D1(3)`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,2}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _a}bcf^2\left[2D1(3)+D2(3,1)+D2(3,2)\right]`$ (D.19)
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _b}adf^2\left[2D2(3,3)D2(3,1)D2(3,2)\right]`$
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_4bdf^2D1(3)`$
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,3,1}=bcf^2D20$$
(D.20)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,3,2}=\frac{1}{4}bcf^2\left[D2(3,2)D2(3,1)\right]$$
(D.21)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,4,1}=adf^2D20$$
(D.22)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,4,2}=\frac{1}{4}adf^2\left[D2(3,2)D2(3,1)\right]$$
(D.23)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,5,1}=0$$
(D.24)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,5,2}=0$$
(D.25)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _a}adh^2\left[2D1(3)+D2(3,1)+D2(3,2)\right]`$ (D.26)
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _b}bch^2\left[2D2(3,3)D2(3,1)D2(3,2)\right]`$
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_4ach^2D1(3)`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,2}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _a}bch^2\left[2D1(3)+D2(3,1)+D2(3,2)\right]`$ (D.27)
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _b}adh^2\left[2D2(3,3)D2(3,1)D2(3,2)\right]`$
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_4bdh^2D1(3)`$
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,3,1}=bch^2D20$$
(D.28)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,3,2}=\frac{1}{4}bch^2\left[D2(3,2)D2(3,1)\right]$$
(D.29)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,4,1}=adh^2D20$$
(D.30)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,4,2}=\frac{1}{4}adh^2\left[D2(3,2)D2(3,1)\right]$$
(D.31)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,5,1}=0$$
(D.32)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,5,2}=0$$
(D.33)
BOX PROTOTYPE 3a

$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_{\chi _a}bdf^2\left[\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}D1(3)+D2(3,1)+D2(3,2)\right]`$ (D.34)
$`+`$ $`m_3adf^2D1(3)`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,2}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_{\chi _b}bdf^2\left[D2(3,1)+D2(3,2)2D2(3,3)\right]`$ (D.35)
$`+`$ $`m_1bcf^2D1(3)`$
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,3,1}=m_{\chi _a}m_{\chi _b}bdf^2D1(3)+m_1m_3acf^2D0$$
(D.36)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,3,2}=0$$
(D.37)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,4,1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}bdf^2\left(m_{\chi _b}^2m_{\chi _a}^2\right)D1(3)m_1^2bdf^2D0`$ (D.38)
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}bdf^2[4D202C0(1)(st+u)D1(1)`$
$`(s+tu)D1(2)+(stu)D1(3)]`$
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,4,2}=\frac{1}{2}bdf^2\left[D1(1)D1(2)+D2(3,1)D2(3,2)\right]$$
(D.39)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,5,1}=\frac{1}{4}bdf^2\left(m_{\chi _b}m_{\chi _a}\right)\left[D1(1)D1(2)\right]$$
(D.40)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,5,2}=\frac{1}{8}bdf^2\left(m_{\chi _b}+m_{\chi _a}\right)\left[D1(1)D1(2)\right]$$
(D.41)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_{\chi _b}ach^2\left[D2(3,1)+D2(3,2)2D2(3,3)\right]`$ (D.42)
$`+`$ $`m_1adh^2D1(3)`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,2}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_{\chi _a}ach^2\left[2D1(3)+D2(3,1)+D2(3,2)\right]`$ (D.43)
$`+`$ $`m_3bch^2D1(3)`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,3,1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}ach^2\left(m_{\chi _b}^2m_{\chi _a}^2\right)D1(3)m_1^2ach^2D0`$ (D.44)
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}ach^2[4D202C0(1)(st+u)D1(1)`$
$`(s+tu)D1(2)+(stu)D1(3)]`$
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,3,2}=\frac{1}{2}ach^2\left[D1(1)D1(2)+D2(3,1)D2(3,2)\right]$$
(D.45)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,4,1}=m_{\chi _a}m_{\chi _b}ach^2D1(3)+m_1m_3bdh^2D0$$
(D.46)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,4,2}=0$$
(D.47)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,5,1}=\frac{1}{4}ach^2\left(m_{\chi _b}m_{\chi _a}\right)\left[D1(1)D1(2)\right]$$
(D.48)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,5,2}=\frac{1}{8}ach^2\left(m_{\chi _b}+m_{\chi _a}\right)\left[D1(1)D1(2)\right]$$
(D.49)
BOX PROTOTYPE 3b

$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_{\chi _a}bcf^2\left[D2(3,1)+D2(3,2)\right]`$ (D.50)
$``$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_3acf^2\left[D1(1)+D1(2)\right]`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,2}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_{\chi _b}bcf^2\left[2D1(3)+D2(3,1)+D2(3,2)2D2(3,3)\right]`$ (D.51)
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_1bdf^2\left[2D0+D1(1)+D1(2)2D1(3)\right]`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,3,1}`$ $`=`$ $`m_{\chi _a}m_{\chi _b}bcf^2D1(3)+m_1m_3adf^2D0`$ (D.52)
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_{\chi _a}m_1bdf^2\left[2D0+D1(1)+D1(2)\right]`$
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_{\chi _b}m_3acf^2\left[2D1(3)D1(1)D1(2)\right]`$
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,3,2}=0$$
(D.53)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,4,1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_{\chi _b}m_1bdf^2\left[2D0+D1(1)+D1(2)2D1(3)\right]`$ (D.54)
$``$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_{\chi _a}m_3acf^2\left[D1(1)+D1(2)\right]m_1^2bcf^2D0`$
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}bcf^2[4D202C0(1)(s+tu)D1(1)`$
$`(st+u)D1(2)+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}m_{\chi _b}^2D1(3)]`$
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,4,2}=\frac{1}{2}bcf^2\left[D1(1)D1(2)D2(3,1)+D2(3,2)\right]$$
(D.55)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,5,1}=\frac{1}{4}f^2\left(\left(m_{\chi _a}m_{\chi _b}\right)bcm_1bd+m_3ac\right)\left[D1(1)D1(2)\right]$$
(D.56)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,5,2}=\frac{1}{8}f^2\left(\left(m_{\chi _a}+m_{\chi _b}\right)bc+m_1bd+m_3ac\right)\left[D1(1)D1(2)\right]$$
(D.57)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_{\chi _b}adh^2\left[2D1(3)+D2(3,1)+D2(3,2)2D2(3,3)\right]`$ (D.58)
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_1ach^2\left[2D0+D1(1)+D1(2)\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}D1(3)\right]`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,2}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_{\chi _a}adh^2\left[D2(3,1)+D2(3,2)\right]`$ (D.59)
$``$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_3bdh^2\left[D1(1)+D1(2)\right]`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,3,1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_{\chi _b}m_1ach^2\left[2D0+D1(1)+D1(2)2D1(3)\right]`$ (D.60)
$``$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_{\chi _a}m_3bdh^2\left[D1(1)+D1(2)\right]m_1^2adh^2D0`$
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}adh^2[4D202C0(1)(s+tu)D1(1)`$
$`(st+u)D1(2)+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}m_{\chi _b}^2D1(3)]`$
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,3,2}=\frac{1}{2}adh^2\left[D1(1)D1(2)D2(3,1)+D2(3,2)\right]$$
(D.61)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,4,1}`$ $`=`$ $`m_{\chi _a}m_{\chi _b}adh^2D1(3)+m_1m_3bch^2D0`$ (D.62)
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_{\chi _a}m_1ach^2\left[2D0+D1(1)+D1(2)\right]`$
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_{\chi _b}m_3bdh^2\left[2D1(3)D1(1)D1(2)\right]`$
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,4,2}=0$$
(D.63)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,5,1}=\frac{1}{4}h^2\left(\left(m_{\chi _a}m_{\chi _b}\right)adm_1ac+m_3bd\right)\left[D1(1)D1(2)\right]$$
(D.64)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,5,2}=\frac{1}{8}h^2\left(\left(m_{\chi _a}+m_{\chi _b}\right)ad+m_1ac+m_3bd\right)\left[D1(1)D1(2)\right]$$
(D.65)
BOX PROTOTYPE 4a

$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _b}adf^2\left[2D1(3)+D2(3,1)+D2(3,2)\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}D2(3,3)\right]`$ (D.66)
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_1acf^2\left[2D0+D1(1)+D1(2)\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}D1(3)\right]`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,2}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _a}adf^2\left[D2(3,1)+D2(3,2)\right]`$ (D.67)
$``$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_3bdf^2\left[D1(1)+D1(2)\right]`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,3,1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _b}m_1acf^2\left[2D0+D1(1)+D1(2)2D1(3)\right]`$ (D.68)
$``$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _a}m_3bdf^2\left[D1(1)+D1(2)\right]{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_1^2adf^2D0`$
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}adf^2[4D202C0(1)(s+tu)D1(1)`$
$`(st+u)D1(2)+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}m_{\chi _b}^2D1(3)]`$
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,3,2}=\frac{1}{4}adf^2\left[D1(1)D1(2)D2(3,1)+D2(3,2)\right]$$
(D.69)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,4,1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_{\chi _a}m_{\chi _b}adf^2D1(3)+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_1m_3bcf^2D0`$ (D.70)
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _a}m_1acf^2\left[2D0+D1(1)+D1(2)\right]`$
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _b}m_3bdf^2\left[2D1(3)D1(1)D1(2)\right]`$
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,4,2}=0$$
(D.71)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,5,1}=\frac{1}{8}f^2\left(\left(m_{\chi _a}m_{\chi _b}\right)adm_1ac+m_3bd\right)\left[D1(1)D1(2)\right]$$
(D.72)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,5,2}=\frac{1}{16}f^2\left(\left(m_{\chi _a}+m_{\chi _b}\right)ad+m_1ac+m_3bd\right)\left[D1(1)D1(2)\right]$$
(D.73)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _a}bch^2\left[D2(3,1)+D2(3,2)\right]`$ (D.74)
$``$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_3ach^2\left[D1(1)+D1(2)\right]`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,2}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _b}bch^2\left[2D1(3)+D2(3,1)+D2(3,2)\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}D2(3,3)\right]`$ (D.75)
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_1bdh^2\left[2D0+D1(1)+D1(2)2D1(3)\right]`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,3,1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_{\chi _a}m_{\chi _b}bch^2D1(3)+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_1m_3adh^2D0`$ (D.76)
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _a}m_1bdh^2\left[2D0+D1(1)+D1(2)\right]`$
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _b}m_3ach^2\left[2D1(3)D1(1)D1(2)\right]`$
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,3,2}=0$$
(D.77)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,4,1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _b}m_1bdh^2\left[2D0+D1(1)+D1(2)2D1(3)\right]`$ (D.78)
$``$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _a}m_3ach^2\left[D1(1)+D1(2)\right]{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_1^2bch^2D0`$
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}bch^2[4D202C0(1)(s+tu)D1(1)`$
$`(st+u)D1(2)+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}m_{\chi _b}^2D1(3)]`$
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,4,2}=\frac{1}{4}bch^2\left[D1(1)D1(2)D2(3,1)+D2(3,2)\right]$$
(D.79)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,5,1}=\frac{1}{8}h^2\left(\left(m_{\chi _a}m_{\chi _b}\right)bcm_1bd+m_3ac\right)\left[D1(1)D1(2)\right]$$
(D.80)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,5,2}=\frac{1}{16}h^2\left(\left(m_{\chi _a}+m_{\chi _b}\right)bc+m_1bd+m_3ac\right)\left[D1(1)D1(2)\right]$$
(D.81)
BOX PROTOTYPE 4b

$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _b}adf^2\left[D1(2)D2(3,1)+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}D2(3,2)D2(3,3)\right]`$ (D.82)
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_1acf^2\left[D0D1(1)+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}D1(2)D1(3)\right]`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,2}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _a}adf^2\left[D1(1)+D1(3)+D2(3,1)+D2(3,3)\right]`$ (D.83)
$``$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_3bdf^2\left[D1(1)+D1(3)\right]`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,3,1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{8}}adf^2\left(m_{\chi _a}^2m_{\chi _b}^2\right)\left[D1(1)D1(2)+D1(3)\right]+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_1^2adf^2D0`$ (D.84)
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _b}m_1acf^2\left[D0D1(1)+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}D1(2)D1(3)\right]`$
$``$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _a}m_3bdf^2\left[D1(1)+D1(3)\right]`$
$``$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{8}}adf^2[8D20\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}4}C0(1)+(s+t3u)D1(1)`$
$`(s+t+u)(D1(2)+D1(3))]`$
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,3,2}=\frac{1}{4}adf^2\left[D1(1)+D2(3,1)D2(3,3)\right]$$
(D.85)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,4,1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _a}m_{\chi _b}adf^2\left[D1(1)D1(2)+D1(3)\right]+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_1m_3bcf^2D0`$ (D.86)
$``$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _a}m_1acf^2\left[D0+D1(1)+D1(3)\right]`$
$``$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _b}m_3bdf^2\left[D1(1)\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}D1(2)+D1(3)\right]`$
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,4,2}=0$$
(D.87)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,5,1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{8}}adf^2m_{\chi _b}\left[D1(1)D1(2)\right]+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{8}}adf^2m_{\chi _a}D1(3)`$ (D.88)
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{8}}m_3bdf^2\left[D1(1)D1(3)\right]+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{8}}m_1acf^2\left[D0+D1(1)D1(3)\right]`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,5,2}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{16}}adf^2m_{\chi _b}\left[D1(1)D1(2)\right]+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{16}}adf^2m_{\chi _a}D1(3)`$ (D.89)
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{16}}m_3bdf^2\left[D1(1)D1(3)\right]{\displaystyle \frac{1}{16}}m_1acf^2\left[D0+D1(1)D1(3)\right]`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _a}bch^2\left[D1(1)+D1(3)+D2(3,1)+D2(3,3)\right]`$ (D.90)
$``$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_3ach^2\left[D1(1)+D1(3)\right]`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,2}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _b}bch^2\left[D1(2)D2(3,1)+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}D2(3,2)D2(3,3)\right]`$ (D.91)
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_1bdh^2\left[D0D1(1)+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}D1(2)D1(3)\right]`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,3,1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _a}m_{\chi _b}bch^2\left[D1(1)D1(2)+D1(3)\right]+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_1m_3adh^2D0`$ (D.92)
$``$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _a}m_1bdh^2\left[D0+D1(1)+D1(3)\right]`$
$``$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _b}m_3ach^2\left[D1(1)\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}D1(2)+D1(3)\right]`$
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,3,2}=0$$
(D.93)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,4,1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{8}}bch^2\left(m_{\chi _a}^2m_{\chi _b}^2\right)\left[D1(1)D1(2)+D1(3)\right]+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_1^2bch^2D0`$ (D.94)
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _b}m_1bdh^2\left[D0D1(1)+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}D1(2)D1(3)\right]`$
$``$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_{\chi _a}m_3ach^2\left[D1(1)+D1(3)\right]`$
$``$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{8}}bch^2[8D20\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}4}C0(1)+(s+t3u)D1(1)`$
$`(s+t+u)(D1(2)+D1(3))]`$
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,4,2}=\frac{1}{4}bch^2\left[D1(1)+D2(3,1)D2(3,3)\right]$$
(D.95)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,5,1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{8}}bch^2m_{\chi _b}\left[D1(1)D1(2)\right]+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{8}}bch^2m_{\chi _a}D1(3)`$ (D.96)
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{8}}m_3ach^2\left[D1(1)D1(3)\right]+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{8}}m_1bdh^2\left[D0+D1(1)D1(3)\right]`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,5,2}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{16}}bch^2m_{\chi _b}\left[D1(1)D1(2)\right]{\displaystyle \frac{1}{16}}bch^2m_{\chi _a}D1(3)`$ (D.97)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{16}}m_3ach^2\left[D1(1)D1(3)\right]+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{16}}m_1bdh^2\left[D0+D1(1)D1(3)\right]`$
BOX PROTOTYPE 5a

$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_{\chi _a}bdf^2\left[D1(2)+D2(3,1)+D2(3,3)\right]`$ (D.98)
$`+`$ $`m_3adf^2D1(2)`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,2}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_{\chi _b}bdf^2\left[D1(2)D2(3,1)+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}D2(3,2)D2(3,3)\right]`$ (D.99)
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_1bcf^2\left[D0D1(1)+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}D1(2)D1(3)\right]`$
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,3,1}=\frac{1}{2}m_{\chi _a}m_1bcf^2\left[D0+D1(1)+D1(3)\right]+m_1m_3acf^2D0$$
(D.100)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,3,2}=0$$
(D.101)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,4,1}=\frac{1}{2}m_{\chi _b}m_1bcf^2\left[D0D1(1)+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}D1(2)D1(3)\right]+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}bdf^2D20$$
(D.102)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,4,2}=\frac{1}{2}bdf^2\left[D1(2)+D2(3,1)D2(3,3)\right]$$
(D.103)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,5,1}=\frac{1}{4}m_1bcf^2\left[D0+D1(1)D1(3)\right]$$
(D.104)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,5,2}=\frac{1}{8}m_1bcf^2\left[D0+D1(1)D1(3)\right]$$
(D.105)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_{\chi _b}ach^2\left[D1(2)D2(3,1)+2D2(3,2)D2(3,3)\right]`$ (D.106)
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_1adh^2\left[D0D1(1)+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}D1(2)D1(3)\right]`$
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,2}=\frac{1}{2}m_{\chi _a}ach^2\left[D1(2)+D2(3,1)+D2(3,3)\right]+m_3bch^2D1(2)$$
(D.107)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,3,1}=\frac{1}{2}m_{\chi _b}m_1adh^2\left[D0D1(1)+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}D1(2)D1(3)\right]+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}ach^2D20$$
(D.108)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,3,2}=\frac{1}{2}ach^2\left[D1(2)+D2(3,1)D2(3,3)\right]$$
(D.109)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,4,1}=\frac{1}{2}m_{\chi _a}m_1adh^2\left[D0+D1(1)+D1(3)\right]+m_1m_3bdh^2D0$$
(D.110)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,4,2}=0$$
(D.111)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,5,1}=\frac{1}{4}m_1adh^2\left[D0+D1(1)D1(3)\right]$$
(D.112)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,5,2}=\frac{1}{8}m_1adh^2\left[D0+D1(1)D1(3)\right]$$
(D.113)
BOX PROTOTYPE 5b

$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_{\chi _a}bcf^2\left[D1(1)+D1(3)+D2(3,1)+D2(3,3)\right]`$ (D.114)
$``$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_3acf^2\left[D1(1)+D1(3)\right]`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,2}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_{\chi _b}bcf^2[D1(1)\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}D1(2)+D1(3)`$ (D.115)
$`+D2(3,1)\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}D2(3,2)+D2(3,3)]`$
$``$ $`m_1bdf^2\left[D0+D1(2)\right]`$
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,3,1}=\frac{1}{2}m_{\chi _b}m_3acf^2\left[D1(1)\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}D1(2)+D1(3)\right]+m_1m_3adf^2D0$$
(D.116)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,3,2}=0$$
(D.117)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,4,1}=\frac{1}{2}m_{\chi _a}m_3acf^2\left[D1(1)+D1(3)\right]+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}bcf^2D20$$
(D.118)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,4,2}=\frac{1}{2}bcf^2\left[D1(1)D1(3)+D2(3,1)D2(3,3)\right]$$
(D.119)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,5,1}=\frac{1}{4}m_3acf^2\left[D1(1)D1(3)\right]$$
(D.120)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{R,5,2}=\frac{1}{8}m_3acf^2\left[D1(1)D1(3)\right]$$
(D.121)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_{\chi _b}adh^2\left[D1(1)\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}D1(2)+D1(3)+D2(3,1)2D2(3,2)+D2(3,3)\right]`$ (D.122)
$``$ $`m_1ach^2\left[D0+D1(2)\right]`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{16\pi ^2}{s}}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,2}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_{\chi _a}adh^2\left[D1(1)+D1(3)+D2(3,1)+D2(3,3)\right]`$ (D.123)
$``$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}m_3bdh^2\left[D1(1)+D1(3)\right]`$
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,3,1}=\frac{1}{2}m_{\chi _a}m_3bdh^2\left[D1(1)+D1(3)\right]+\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}adh^2D20$$
(D.124)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,3,2}=\frac{1}{2}adh^2\left[D1(1)D1(3)+D2(3,1)D2(3,3)\right]$$
(D.125)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,4,1}=\frac{1}{2}m_{\chi _b}m_3bdh^2\left[D1(1)\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}D1(2)+D1(3)\right]+m_1m_3bch^2D0$$
(D.126)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,4,2}=0$$
(D.127)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,5,1}=\frac{1}{4}m_3bdh^2\left[D1(1)D1(3)\right]$$
(D.128)
$$\frac{16\pi ^2}{s}\mathrm{\Delta }𝒬_{L,5,2}=\frac{1}{8}m_3bdh^2\left[D1(1)D1(3)\right]$$
(D.129)
All other box diagram prototypes that give contributions to these amplitudes can be obtained from the above box prototypes by means of crossing relations (e.g. $`ut`$, and $`m_{\chi _a}m_{\chi _b}`$).


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# 1 Introduction

## 1 Introduction

####

In 1988 ’t Hooft made the surprising announcement that the world had one less dimension than previously believed . This was based on the number of degrees of freedom in a given region of space, being found not to depend on the volume, as might be naively expected, but rather on the surface area containing the volume. Furthermore, this conclusion connected with one of the few nontrivial combinations of gravity and quantum field theory, the entropy content of a black hole . ’t Hooft went on to claim that this idea of dimensional reduction, or “holography,” would need to be present in any unifying theory.

####

At the time of ’t Hooft’s hypothesis string theory was not yet understood at a level that such a claim could be tested in that area (indeed, Maldacena later found precisely this feature ). Susskind was able to show that this claim had validity in General Relativity ; if it was true that the entropy density of a surface was maximal on that bounding a black hole, then this area must expand when projected onto a screen far away. In this computation we count only the geodesics orthogonal to the screen, since we are not allowed any information which may depend on the screen’s position; a geodesic which is nonperpendicular to the screen will intersect in different locations depending on the screen’s position. This “expanding horizon” theory of Susskind was explicitly verified by Corley and Jacobson  for the single black hole case. But another observation of Susskind’s was that the information in a second black hole was not allowed to hide behind the first, with respect to the screen; the geodesics will arrange themselves to project all information to the screen with non-increasing entropy density. Corley and Jacobson quote a magnification factor of the black hole image at large separation, but no examples were given. In this paper we explicitly calculate the geodesics in a two Schwarzschild black hole geometry. Black hole lensing has been carried out previously   but to our knowledge not for two black holes, which has the novel feature of an arbitrary number of orbits between them before the photon escapes. Furthermore, the geometry used easily lends itself to a calculation of the holographic intensity pattern formed by a uniformly radiating black hole (the intensity pattern formed keeping only the geodesics perpendicular to the screen). We also perform this calculation.

## 2 Single Black Hole

### 2.1 Calculation of Orbits

####

Beginning with the Schwarzschild black hole metric normalized to $`r=1`$ at the horizon,

$$ds^2=\left(1\frac{1}{r}\right)dt^2\frac{dr^2}{11/r}r^2d\theta ^2r^2\mathrm{sin}^2\theta d\varphi ^2,$$
(2.1)
the null geodesic equation can be put into the form $`(s1/r)`$

$$d\varphi =\frac{ds}{\sqrt{b^2s^2(1s)}}$$
(2.2)
where $`b`$ is the impact parameter and $`\varphi `$ is the azimuthal angle in the plane of our choosing. It is most useful to do the integration “backward,” in the sense that we begin at the screen and track the geodesic until it has hit the horizon or has deflected away from the black hole. We will first work out the case where the geodesic hits the horizon, then calculate the case where it deflects off one black hole to hit another.

####

Integrating from $`r=\mathrm{}`$ to $`r=1`$ means $`s`$ goes from 0 to 1. Using the photon’s incoming line of flight to define $`\varphi =0`$, we get

$$\varphi (b)=_0^1\frac{ds}{\sqrt{b^2s^2(1s)}}.$$
(2.3)
####

The denominator vanishes at $`b_c=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}`$, indicating that is the largest value of $`b`$ for which we can establish a map between the screen and the black hole. Before that, though, the integral (or angle of the photon upon absorption) goes from 0 to infinity, implying that there exists some $`b`$ for which the photon will orbit around the black hole indefinitely before finally being absorbed. Corley and Jacobson  define a “covering” to be one complete image of the horizon upon the screen; the first covering is due to emission from the black hole between $`\varphi =0`$ and $`\varphi =\pi /2`$, the second covering from $`\varphi =\pi /2`$ to $`\varphi =\pi `$, as shown in figure 2.

####

We obtained the result found in  that the maximal impact parameter for the first covering is $`b2.23`$; this represents an area of 15.60, larger than the horizon area $`4\pi 12.57`$. Successive coverings are smaller than this on the screen.

### 2.2 Intensity

####

We now compute not just the location of the coverings on the screen, but the intensity pattern a “holographic viewer” would observe, i.e. a viewer only capable of observing geodesics perpendicular to the screen. This is based upon a black hole radiating uniformly on its surface, then calculating the density of geodesics orthogonal to the screen. The first step is to calculate the angle $`\psi `$ at which the geodesic hits the black hole,

$$\mathrm{tan}\psi |_{\mathrm{𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒}}=\frac{r}{dr/d\varphi }|_{s=1}.$$
(2.4)
For us,

$`{\displaystyle \frac{dr}{d\varphi }}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{dr}{ds}}{\displaystyle \frac{ds}{d\varphi }},`$ (2.5)
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{s^2}}\sqrt{b^2s^2(1s)}.`$
####

Thus we obtain $`\mathrm{tan}\psi |_{s=1}=b`$.

####

The intensity of a point on the screen will be the ratio of geodesic phase space between the screen and the corresponding point on the black hole, so we must allow our photon to have small variations from the geodesic path. We begin with the standard case of a ray leaving $`\psi (b)`$ from the normal (see Figure 3) and leaving the BH in the plane at angle $`\varphi (b)`$; let us now think of $`\psi `$ as the independent variable and refer to $`\varphi (b)`$ as $`\varphi (\psi )`$. The geodesic impacts the screen at $`(x,y,z)=(0,b(\psi ),Z)=(0,\mathrm{tan}\psi ,Z)`$. Now rotate the BH clockwise in the z-y plane by angle $`\varphi (\psi )`$, making the ray hit the screen at

$$\left(\begin{array}{c}x\\ y\\ z\end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{array}{c}\text{1}\text{0}\text{0}\\ 0& \mathrm{cos}\varphi (\psi )& \mathrm{sin}\varphi (\psi )\\ 0& \mathrm{sin}\varphi (\psi )& \mathrm{cos}\varphi (\psi )\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{c}\text{0}\\ \mathrm{tan}\psi \\ Z\end{array}\right)$$
(2.6)
so it appears as though the ray were leaving from the BH on the $`z`$ axis; we will call this transformation $`J_1`$. Now rotate around the z axis so that the ray is leaving at an angle $`\theta _2`$ from the y-z plane,

$$J_2=\left(\begin{array}{ccc}\mathrm{cos}\theta _2& \mathrm{sin}\theta _2& 0\\ \mathrm{sin}\theta _2& \mathrm{cos}\theta _2& 0\\ 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right).$$
(2.7)
Rotate back by arbitrary $`\varphi `$ in the y-z plane

$$J_3=\left(\begin{array}{c}\text{1}\text{0}\text{0}\\ 0& \mathrm{cos}\varphi & \mathrm{sin}\varphi \\ 0& \mathrm{sin}\varphi & \mathrm{cos}\varphi \end{array}\right).$$
(2.8)
Finally rotate around the z-axis again by arbitrary angle $`\theta `$,

$$J_4=\left(\begin{array}{ccc}\mathrm{cos}\theta & \mathrm{sin}\theta & 0\\ \mathrm{sin}\theta & \mathrm{cos}\theta & 0\\ 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right).$$
(2.9)
Then the final location of the photon is

$$\left(\begin{array}{c}x\\ y\\ z\end{array}\right)=J_4J_3J_2J_1\left(\begin{array}{c}\text{0}\\ \mathrm{tan}\psi \\ Z\end{array}\right).$$
(2.10)
Thus we can define our new impact parameter $`b^{}\sqrt{x^2+y^2}`$, but clearly upon $`\theta =\theta _2=0,\varphi =\varphi (\psi )=\varphi (b),\psi =\psi (b)`$ where $`b`$ is some parameter of our choosing, we recover $`b^{}=b`$. We also take the $`Z\mathrm{}`$ limit since that is where the screen is. To compare the areas of the BH and screen, we compute

$`{\displaystyle \frac{d(\mathrm{cos}\varphi )d\theta }{b^{}db^{}d\theta }}|_{\theta =\phi =0,\varphi =\varphi (b),\psi =\psi (b^{}),b^{}=b,Z\mathrm{}}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}\varphi }{b^{}}}\left({\displaystyle \frac{db^{}}{d\varphi }}\right)^1|_{\mathrm{}}`$ (2.11)
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}\varphi }{b^{}}}\left({\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}}}\left(x{\displaystyle \frac{dx}{d\varphi }}+y{\displaystyle \frac{dy}{d\varphi }}\right)\right)^1|_{\mathrm{}}`$
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}\varphi (b)}{b}}\left(Z+O(1/Z^2)\right)^1|_z\mathrm{}`$
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{Z}}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}\varphi (b)}{b}}.`$
We now examine at how the photon’s tangent vector at the screen changes under these transformations. We know it begins hitting the screen perpendicular, and then will undergo the same transformations as the position vector:

$$\left(\begin{array}{c}x\\ y\\ z\end{array}\right)=J_4J_3J_2J_1\left(\begin{array}{c}0\\ 0\\ 1\end{array}\right).$$
(2.12)
Now define the angle that it hits the screen at as $`\mathrm{sin}\psi ^{}\sqrt{x^2+y^2}`$ and the angle out of the y-z plane as $`\mathrm{tan}\phi x/y`$. Then we have the following tangent vector phase space comparison between the ray leaving the black hole and that hitting the screen:

$`{\displaystyle \frac{d(\mathrm{cos}\psi )d\theta _2}{d(\mathrm{cos}\psi ^{})d\phi }}|_{\mathrm{}}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}\psi }{\mathrm{sin}\psi ^{}}}\left({\displaystyle \frac{d\psi ^{}}{d\psi }}\right)^1\left({\displaystyle \frac{d\phi }{d\theta _2}}\right)^1|_{\mathrm{}},`$ (2.13)
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}\psi }{\mathrm{sin}\psi ^{}}}\left({\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{1x^2y^2}}}{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}}}\left(x{\displaystyle \frac{dx}{d\psi }}+y{\displaystyle \frac{dy}{d\psi }}\right)\right)^1,`$
$`\times `$ $`\left({\displaystyle \frac{1}{1+(x/y)^2}}\left({\displaystyle \frac{1}{y}}{\displaystyle \frac{dx}{d\theta _2}}{\displaystyle \frac{x}{y^2}}{\displaystyle \frac{dy}{d\theta _2}}\right)\right)^1,`$
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{b}{\sqrt{1+b^2}\mathrm{sin}\varphi (b)\frac{d\varphi (b)}{d\psi }}},`$
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{b}{\sqrt{1+b^2}\mathrm{sin}\varphi (b)\frac{d\varphi (b)}{db}\frac{db}{d\psi }}},`$
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{b}{(1+b^2)^{3/2}\mathrm{sin}\varphi (b)\frac{d\varphi (b)}{db}}}.`$
Combining the phase-space ratios we get the intensity:

$`I(b)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\text{total phase space of rays leaving BH}}{\text{total phase space of rays hitting screen}}},`$ (2.14)
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{d(\mathrm{cos}\varphi )d\theta d(\mathrm{cos}\psi )d\theta _2}{b^{}db^{}d\theta d(\mathrm{cos}\psi ^{})d\phi }},`$
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{Z}}{\displaystyle \frac{1}{(1+b^2)^{3/2}\frac{d\varphi (b)}{db}}}.`$
The result is shown in Figures 4 and 5. In computing the image we have factored out the $`1/Z`$ since this represents the obvious dependence on distance and we only care about the intensity normalized at some specific distance.

## 3 Two Black Holes

### 3.1 Calculation of Orbits

####

We now use the techniques developed in the previous section to construct the metric for two black holes; this metric is valid for large separation between the black holes. The axes are chosen so the screen lies in the $`xy`$ plane, and the origin is at the position of the first black hole (the one nearer the screen) with the screen is a very large distance down the positive $`z`$ axis. The second black hole is taken to lie at the point

$$BH_2=(\rho \mathrm{cos}\mu ,\rho \mathrm{sin}\mu ,D).$$
(3.1)
We construct the scattering process in reverse by considering photons emitted in the normal $`(\widehat{𝐳})`$ direction from the screen, track their geodesics, and pick out those which are absorbed by one of the two black holes. Since varying $`\mu `$ above rotates the picture about the $`z`$ axis we consider only photons emitted from points on the screen with $`y=0`$. So the trajectory describing the scattering off the first black hole lies entirely in the $`xz`$ plane.

####

The photon is emitted at a distance $`b_1`$ from the $`z`$ axis. It is deflected with angle $`\varphi (b)`$ by the first black hole. The point $`P`$ at which the asymptotes meet is

$$P=(r\mathrm{sin}\varphi ,0,r\mathrm{cos}\varphi )$$
(3.2)
where

$$r=\frac{b}{\mathrm{sin}\varphi }$$
(3.3)
as evident from the triangle indicated. The direction of the deflected photon (the lower asymptote in the figure) is given by the unit vector

$$𝐯=(\mathrm{sin}2\varphi ,0,\mathrm{cos}2\varphi ).$$
(3.4)
Our task is now simply to compute the distance $`b_2`$ of the line with these direction cosines passing through the point $`P`$ from the point $`BH_2`$. The photon will be absorbed by the second black hole if $`b_2<b_c`$.

####

Drawing the line connecting $`P`$ and $`BH_2`$, the total length is $`L`$ and there is an angle $`ϵ`$ with $`𝐯`$, making the answer

$$b_2=L\mathrm{sin}ϵ.$$
(3.5)
The vector $`𝐋`$ joining them is

$$𝐋=BH_2P=(\rho \mathrm{cos}\mu r\mathrm{sin}\varphi ,\rho \mathrm{sin}\mu ,Dr\mathrm{cos}\varphi )$$
(3.6)
so its length satisfies

$$L^2=D^2+\rho ^2+r^22\rho r\mathrm{cos}\mu \mathrm{sin}\varphi +2Dr\mathrm{cos}\varphi .$$
(3.7)
To determine $`ϵ`$ we use

$$\mathrm{cos}ϵ=\frac{𝐋𝐯}{L}.$$
(3.8)
The inner product is also simple to compute:

$`L\mathrm{cos}ϵ`$ $`=`$ $`𝐋𝐯=(\rho \mathrm{cos}\mu r\mathrm{sin}\varphi )\mathrm{sin}2\varphi (D+r\mathrm{cos}\varphi )\mathrm{cos}2\varphi `$ (3.9)
$`=`$ $`\rho \mathrm{cos}\mu \mathrm{sin}2\varphi D\mathrm{cos}2\varphi r(\mathrm{sin}\varphi \mathrm{sin}2\varphi +\mathrm{cos}\varphi \mathrm{cos}2\varphi )`$
$`=`$ $`\rho \mathrm{cos}\mu \mathrm{sin}2\varphi D\mathrm{cos}2\varphi r\mathrm{cos}\varphi .`$
From these we compute simply

$$b_2=L\mathrm{sin}ϵ=\sqrt{L^2(L\mathrm{cos}ϵ)^2}.$$
(3.10)
This impact parameter is then fed into our previous calculations for a single black hole, with appropriate distance normalization due to the mass of the second black hole; remember in our units 1 = 1 horizon unit, and all calculations in this geometry were done based on the horizon of the first black hole. It is immediately obvious that this procedure can be generalized to any number of black holes and “back-and-forth” orbits between them. To get a concrete visualization of this process, we show in Figure 7 the case with $`D=10`$, $`0\rho 20`$. In Figure 8 we compute the area of the first covering on the second black hole for $`D=10,0\rho 25`$. For this we included only the first-covering area to the left of the first black hole, as there is a redundency on the right side and we are only interested in how much area it takes to represent the whole horizon once. The hiding theorem is clearly verified, the horizon expanding even more when it forms a ring.

### 3.2 Intensity

####

Thinking about phase space as before, we see that for two black holes the situation is very similar except we now remember the rays leave the “real” screen, deflect off BH1 to form a “virtual screen,” then hit BH2. Thus

$`I`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\text{phase space of rays leaving BH 2 }}{\text{phase space of rays hitting real screen}}},`$ (3.11)
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\text{PS of rays leaving BH 2}}{\text{PS of rays hitting virtual screen}}}{\displaystyle \frac{\text{PS of rays hitting virtual screen}}{\text{PS of rays hitting real screen}}},`$
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{(1+b_2^2)^{3/2}\frac{d\varphi (b_2)}{db_2}}}{\displaystyle \frac{\text{differential area of virtual screen}}{\text{differential area of real screen}}}.`$
where the first part is from our previous single BH analysis, and the second is just comparing the differential area containing the ray on the virtual screen versus the real screen. Note that we have omitted the phase space on the screens due to the tangent vector in this step, but this is just unity because both screens by definition only take only perpendicular rays and so have the same tangent phase space. The ratios of differential areas are then

$$\frac{b_2db_2d\kappa }{b_1db_1d\theta }$$
(3.12)
where $`\kappa `$ is shown in Fig. 6 and $`\theta `$ is the usual coordinate around the z axis. We evaluate this by switching to cartesian coordinates $`(b_1,y)`$ for BH2:

$$b_2db_2d\kappa db_1dy$$
(3.13)
Now see that this yields immediate cancellation with the $`b_1`$. As for $`dy`$, we see that this point being lifted out of the plane is a distance $`b_{min}`$ from the z-axis, thus $`dy=b_{min}d\theta `$. The $`d\theta `$’s cancel, leaving only $`b_{min}/b_1`$. With

$$b_{min}=b_1L\mathrm{cos}ϵ\mathrm{sin}(2\varphi \pi )$$
(3.14)
and the expression previously obtained for $`L\mathrm{cos}ϵ`$ we get

$$\frac{b_{min}}{b_1}=1+\frac{L\mathrm{cos}ϵ\mathrm{sin}2\varphi }{b_1}.$$
(3.15)
So the total intensity is just

$$I=\frac{1}{(1+b_2^2)^{3/2}\frac{d\varphi (b_2)}{db_2}}\left(1+\frac{L\mathrm{cos}ϵ\mathrm{sin}2\varphi (b_1)}{b_1}\right).$$
(3.16)
We now repeat the previous lensing calculation, but including this intensity profile. The result is shown in Figure 9.

## 4 Conclusion

####

We have verified Susskind’s hypothesis that the entropy is maximal on the surface of a black hole. We did this for the two black hole case and found that no entropy-information is lost when one black hole attempts to hide behind the other. The holographic intensity of such a configuration was also calculated.

## 5 Acknowledgements

####

The author thanks B. Paczynski, H. Peiris, E. Weinberg, and especially R. Plesser for helpful comments.