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# Defining relations for classical Lie superalgebras without Cartan matrices

## §1. Preliminaries

After Berezin formulated in 1971 to one of us (DL) the problem which in modern terms would have sounded “define supermanifolds and construct differential supergeometry” a first step was to look after examples of Lie superalgebras that naturally appear in mathematics. Homotopy rings with respect to Whitehead’s product are examples of such Lie rings, but nobody, so far, described these natural rings in any case. By description we mean identification of the semisimple part and radical. A reason for such careless attention to these most natural rings becomes clear soon after one tackles the problem: they are nilpotent, hence, not so interesting in a sense (simple Lie (super)algebras have a richer structure and interesting representation theory). A result of C. Löfvall and J.-E. Roos indicates that this deduction might be too hasty.

In a similar problem C. Löfvall and J.-E. Roos \[LR\] made a break-through observation: they not only found traces left by simple Lie superalgebras where nothing indicated them but also identified these superalgebras as a “positive part” of certain twisted loops algebras with values in simple Lie superalgebras. The paper \[LR\] is, clearly, the first in a series to appear, where, among other things, Löfvall and Roos will need presentations (in other words, generators and defining relations) of the positive part $`𝔤_>=\underset{i>0}{}𝔤_i`$ of certain (twisted) loop superalgebra $`𝔤=\underset{i>0}{}𝔤_i`$, associated with the simple (or a close to the simple) finite dimensional Lie superalgebras.

The results obtained here (an extension of \[GLP\]), and those of \[GL1\], \[GL2\], \[Y\], \[LSe\], as well as those which, though listed as open problems, are supplied with an instruction how to solve them, describe how to shorthand the presentation needed, both generators and relations, compare with appalling presentation of \[T\] or implicit presentations of the positive parts of vectorial algebras in \[FF\].

We hope that our results contribute to the fest on the occasion of Jan-Erik’s birthday and make his calculations, if not life, easier.

Namely, we observe that even in the absence of $`𝔤_0`$ there is a concise way to encode the presentation. Indeed, in the majority of cases $`𝔤_>`$ is the direct sum of irreducible $`𝔤_0`$-modules $`𝔤_i`$, and, as Lie superalgebra, $`𝔤_>`$ is generated by $`𝔤_1`$. If $`𝔤_1`$ is irreducible, as in cases of Löfvall and Roos, then, instead of $`dim𝔤_1`$ generators, it suffices to take just one, any one vector, say the lowest weight vector.

The space of relations (same as the space of generators in the general case) must not split into the direct sum of irreducible $`𝔤_0`$-modules, but, nevertheless, one can list only the vacuum vectors, i.e., the lowest AND highest weight vectors (since some modules can be glued in indecomposable conglomerates, we need both). Mathematica-based package SuperLie (\[G\]) helps to find these vacuum vectors.

To reduce volume of the paper, we did not reproduce the standard homological interpretation of relations and spectral sequence leading to the answer; for Lie algebras it is expressed in \[LP\] and its superization is straightforward via the Sign Rule. Observe only that since relations represent homology class, they can be “pure” or “dirty” if defined modulo boundaries.

History and an overview. The traditional way to determine classical simple finite dimensional Lie algebra (over $``$) is via Chevalley generators, though other generators are possible. For discussion of other possibilities with examples see \[GL1\]. Recently a presentation of simple Lie superalgebras of the four Cartan series of vector fields was given \[LP\] and, together with Serre relations for affine Kac–Moody algebras \[K1\], this completed description of presentations of simple $``$-graded Lie algebras of polynomial growth (presentations with respect to other choices of generators are certainly possible).

Here we consider simple $``$-graded Lie superalgebras of polynomial growth (and close to them “classical” Lie superalgebras, such as central extensions of the simple ones, their algebras of differentiations, etc.). Their list is conjecturally (\[LS1\]) completed and consists of

$``$ the finite dimensional ones (classification results by Kaplansky and Nahm-Rittenberg-Scheunert \[FK\], \[NRS\] were skillfully rounded up by Kac \[K2\]),

$``$ the vectorial algebras, i.e., algebras of vector fields, (classification announced \[LS1\] and partly proved \[LS2\] by Leites and Schepochkina; the proof was again quickly rounded up by Kac and Cheng \[K3\], bar some gaps, see \[Sh5\]),

$``$ the twisted loop algebras (with symmetrizable Cartan matrix \[vdL\]), or obtained as twisted loops \[FLS\], and

$``$ the stringy (i.e., vectorial algebras pertaining to string theories) algebras (for their intrinsic definition and list see \[GLS1\]).

In terms of presentations, another subdivision is more natural:

(a) the algebras of the form $`𝔤(A)`$ with Cartan matrix $`A`$ (subdivided into subclasses (as) with symmetrizable Cartan matrix and (an) with non-symmetrizable Cartan matrix,

(q) the series $`𝔭𝔰𝔮`$ and its relatives (central extensions, exterior differentiations, etc.) and

(v) the vectorial algebras and their relatives, the members of the subclass are easily recognized by lack of the property “if $`\alpha `$ is a root, then so is $`\alpha `$”.

For $`𝔤(A)`$ (both subcases) a very redundant presentation is given in \[LSS\] and, the minimal one, in \[GL2\]; their $`q`$-quantization (for symmetrizable $`A`$) is described in \[Y\]. The redundant presentation \[LSS\], though very long, has an advantage: it only involves Serre relations. Regrettably, it is so redundant that practically it is useless.

For $`𝔮(n)`$ and $`𝔮(n)^{(1)}`$ see \[LSe\]; presentation of twisted loops is an open problem.

For presentations of vectorial Lie algebras see \[LP\]; the series with $`𝔤_0`$ a Lie algebra see \[GLP\]; here we also consider several cases left in \[GLP\] as open problems and the Lie superalgebras of Hamiltonian vector fields and its central extension: Poisson superalgebra. The last two cases are of interest in relation with spinor-oscillator representations and its $`q`$-quantization, see \[Kl\], \[LSh\].

Though several results describing presentations of simple and close to them vectorial superalgebras were obtained a while ago (\[Ko\], \[T\]) they are given in the form too bulky to grasp or implicit (\[U\]; \[FF\]). A simplification of presentations is desirable: for $`𝔤_0=𝔰𝔥(0|n)`$ the dimension of the space of relations computed in \[T\] for $`n=5`$ is equal to 420 and grows with $`n`$, whereas the total number of vacum vectors in the space of relations is $`<10`$ and does not grow with $`n`$, cf. Tables 2.1.2.

Problem formulation. Consider $``$-graded Lie superalgebras $`𝔤=\underset{i}{}𝔤_i`$ of the following two types:

(1) vectorial Lie superalgebras, i.e., of finite depth $`d`$ (in the above sum $`id`$), cf. \[LP\];

(2) of infinite depth, but not of the form $`𝔤(A)`$ (the algebras $`𝔤(A)`$ being already considered in complementing each other papers \[GL2\] and \[Y\]) or of type $`𝔮`$ (for whose presentation see \[LSe\]).

Among these algebras we will first consider the ones for which $`𝔤_0`$ is a Lie algebra. The general case is an open problem, which can be solved any time for any given $`𝔤`$ via the lines indicated here and with the help of Grozman’s SuperLie package.

Observe that in \[GL2\] and \[Y\] all bases (systems of simple roots or, rather, corresponding generators) are considered. For the vectorial algebras and superalgebras and for loop algebras with values in vectorial superalgebras we have considered below just one of the possible bases. It can well happen that presentations corresponding to some other base is nicer in some sense: e.g., for a rank $`n`$ simple Lie algebra, Serre relations corresponding to $`3n`$ Chevalley generators though numerous ($`n^2`$) are very simple and easy to compute, unlike a handful of independent on $`n`$ but more intricate relations between the pair of “Jacobson generators” considered in \[GL1\]. Nevertheless, both presentations are needed. For a method of passage from base to base (an analog of the Weyl group) see \[PS\].

Let $`𝔤_+=\underset{i>0}{}𝔤_i`$ and $`𝔤_{}=\underset{i<0}{}𝔤_i`$; let $`𝔫_\pm `$ be a maximal nilpotent subalgebra of $`𝔤_0`$ described in textbooks (e.g., \[OV\]) if $`𝔤_0`$ is a Lie algebra or in \[PS\] (see also refs. therein) if $`𝔤_0`$ is a Lie superalgebra. We decompose $`𝔤`$ into the sum $`𝔑_{}𝔥𝔑_+`$, where $`𝔑_\pm =𝔫_\pm 𝔤_\pm `$, and for the cases when $`𝔤_0`$ is a Lie algebra (purely even) describe the defining relations. The relations obtained for vectorial Lie superalgebras are not very simple-looking, cf. \[LP\].

Notice that, unlike the case of finite dimensional simple Lie algebras, the bases, i.e., systems of simple roots, correspond not to maximal solvable Lie superalgebras (described in \[Shc\]) but to what is called Borel subalgebras in \[PS\].

Open problems are listed in §4.

## §1. Generators in some vectorial Lie superalgebras and associated loops

### 1.1. Generators of $`𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱(0|n)`$

Set $`_i=\frac{}{x_i}`$. Some of the generators of $`𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱(0|n)`$ generate its subalgebras as indicated (i.e., the $`X_i^+`$ and $`Y`$ generate $`𝔑_+`$; the $`X_i^\pm `$ generate $`𝔰𝔩(1|n)`$):

|  | $`𝔰𝔩\left(1|n\right)`$ |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| $`𝔑_+`$ | $`x_1_2,\mathrm{},x_{n1}_n,𝐱_𝐧𝐱_𝐢_𝐢`$ | $`x_nx_{n1}_1`$ |
| $`𝔑_{}`$ | $`x_2_1,\mathrm{},x_n_{n1},_n`$ |  |
| notations | $`X_1^\pm ,\mathrm{},X_{n1}^\pm ,X_n^\pm `$ | $`Y`$ |

The generators of $`𝔰𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱(0|n)`$ are the same as of $`𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱(0|n)`$ but without the boldfaced element $`X_n^+=x_nx_i_i`$. The loop algebras have two more generators: for $`𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱(0|n)`$ set

$$X_0^{}=x_1\mathrm{}x_n_nt^1\text{ and }X_0^+=_1t.$$

For $`𝔰𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱(0|n)`$ set

$$X_0^{}=x_1\mathrm{}x_{n1}_nt^1\text{ and }X_0^+=_1t.$$

It is not clear that this choice of generators (the highest weight vector of $`𝔤_1`$ and the lowest weight vector of $`𝔤_1`$) which gives nice-looking relations for Lie algebras (and even Lie superalgebra with Cartan matrix) is the best when Lie superalgebras are very non-symmetric.

### 1.2. Generators of $`𝔨(1|n)`$

In what follows we will by abuse of language write just $`f`$ instead of either $`H_f`$, the Hamiltonian vector field generated by $`f`$ or $`K_f`$, the contact vector field generated by $`f`$; in so doing we must remember that in either case ($`H_f`$ or $`K_f`$) the degree of the vector field generated by a monomial $`f`$ of degree $`k`$ is equal to $`k2`$.

Some of the generators of $`𝔨(1|n)`$ generate the following subalgebras (for $`n=2k>6`$ and $`n=2k+1>5`$, respectively):

|  | $`𝔬𝔰𝔭\left(2k|2\right)`$ |  | $`𝔬𝔰𝔭\left(2k+1|2\right)`$ |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| $`𝔑_+`$ | $`𝐭\eta _\mathrm{𝟏}\xi _1\eta _2\mathrm{}\eta _n\xi _{n1}\xi _n\xi _{n1}`$ | $`\eta _1\eta _2\eta _3`$ | $`𝐭\eta _\mathrm{𝟏}\xi _1\eta _2\mathrm{}\eta _n\xi _{n1}\xi _n\theta `$ | $`\eta _1\eta _2\eta _3`$ |
| $`𝔑_{}`$ | $`\xi _1\eta _1\xi _2\mathrm{}\eta _{n1}\xi _n\eta _n\eta _{n1}`$ |  | $`\xi _1\eta _1\xi _2\mathrm{}\eta _{n1}\xi _n\eta _n\theta `$ |  |
| notations | $`X_0^\pm X_1^\pm \mathrm{}X_{n1}^\pm X_n^\pm `$ | $`Y`$ | $`X_0^\pm X_1^\pm \mathrm{}X_{n1}^\pm X_n^\pm `$ | $`Y`$ |

The generators of $`𝔥(0|n)`$ and $`𝔭𝔬(0|n)`$ are those above without the boldfaced element $`X_0^+=t\eta _1`$.

The loop algebras $`𝔥(0|n)^{(1)}`$ and $`𝔭𝔬(0|n)^{(1)}`$ have two more generators:

$$Y_0^{}=\xi _1\mathrm{}\xi _n\eta _n\eta _{n1}\mathrm{}\eta _2t^1\text{ and }Y_0^+=\eta _1t.$$

It is not clear that this choice of generators is the best and it is desirable to experiment with other choices.

In small dimensions ($`n<7`$) relations look differently and are to be computed separately. Besides, the generators look different. Though presentations of some of these algebras were considered, it is advisabable to revise it (the results of A. Nilsson are unpublished and those of \[FNZ\], as well of \[T\], should be presented in a more user-friendly form).

## §2. Relations

### 2.1. Relations for $`𝔑_{}`$ of $`𝔨(1|n)`$, $`𝔭𝔬(0|n)`$ and $`𝔥(0|n)`$

Clearly, $`𝔑_{}`$ for $`𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱(0|n)`$ and $`𝔰𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱(0|n)`$ coincides with $`𝔫_{}`$ for $`𝔰𝔩(1|n)`$ while $`𝔑_{}`$ for $`𝔨(1|n)`$ and $`𝔭𝔬(0|n)`$ coincides with $`𝔫_{}`$ for $`𝔬𝔰𝔭(n|2)`$, which are known \[LSe\], \[GL2\].

### 2.1.1. Relations for $`𝔑_{}`$ of $`𝔥(0|n)`$

The Lie algebra $`𝔥(0|n)`$ is generated by the same elements as $`𝔨(1|n)`$ and $`𝔭𝔬(0|n)`$ but the relations are different: for $`𝔥(0|n)`$ there is an additional relation of weight $`(0,\mathrm{},0)`$ with respect to $`𝔬(n)`$ because (for $`n>1`$)

$$H_2(𝔤_1)=S^2(𝔤_1)=R(2\pi )R(0).$$

The corresponding cycle of weight 0 is

$`()`$
$$\{\xi _1,\eta _1\}+\mathrm{}+\{\xi _n,\eta _n\}(+\{\theta ,\theta \}\mathrm{if}n\text{ is odd }).$$

The relation expressed in terms of generators looks awful. It can be beautified as follows. In the space of relations corresponding to the other irreducible component the subspace of relations of weight 0 is of dimension $`n1`$. Therefore, $`n1`$ summands in $`()`$ vanish; for role of survivor select the simplest one of them, say, the following one: $`\{\xi _1,\eta _1\}=0`$.

### 2.1.2. Relations for $`𝔑_+`$ of $`𝔥(0|n)`$, $`n>4`$

$`H_2(𝔤_+)`$ is the direct sum of irreducible $`𝔤_0`$-modules with the following lowest weights with respect to $`𝔬(n)`$, for notations see Tables in \[OV\]:

For $`n=2l`$, $`l5`$:

| $`N`$ | the lowest weight | the corresponding cycle |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | $`2\left(\epsilon _1+\epsilon _2+\epsilon _3\right)`$ | $`\eta _1\eta _2\eta _3\eta _1\eta _2\eta _3`$ |
| 2 | $`2\left(\epsilon _1+\epsilon _2\right)`$ | $`_i\eta _1\eta _2\eta _i\eta _1\eta _2\xi _i`$ |
| 3 | $`2\epsilon _1`$ | $`_{i,j}\eta _1\eta _i\xi _j\eta _1\eta _i\xi _j2_{i<j}\eta _1\eta _i\eta _j\eta _1\xi _i\xi _j`$ |
| 4 | $`0`$ | $`_{i,j}_{kl}\left(\eta _i\eta _j\xi _k\xi _i\xi _j\eta _k+\eta _i\eta _j\eta _k\xi _i\xi _j\xi _k\right)`$ |
| 5 | $`\left(2\epsilon _1+\epsilon _2+\epsilon _3+\epsilon _4+\epsilon _5\right)`$ | $`\eta _1\eta _2\eta _3\eta _4\eta _5\eta _1\eta _1\eta _2\eta _4\eta _3\eta _5\eta _1+\eta _1\eta _2\eta _5\eta _3\eta _4\eta _1`$ |
| 6 | $`\epsilon _1`$ | $`\eta _1_i\eta _i\eta _{i+1}\eta _{i+2}\xi _i\xi _{i+1}\xi _{i+2}`$ |

For small $`l`$ the relations look differently; the form of relations 1) – 3) is the same as in the general case, the new in form relations are (here $`_{\mathrm{cycl}}`$ means the cyclic permutation of $`\eta _1\eta _2\eta _3`$):

| $`l`$ | N | the lowest weight | the corresponding cycle |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 3 | 5 | $`2\epsilon _1`$ | $`\eta _1\eta _2\xi _2\eta _1\eta _3\xi _3\eta _1\eta _2\xi _3\eta _1\eta _3\xi _2\eta _1\eta _2\eta _3\eta _1\xi _2\xi _3`$ |
| 3 | 6 | $`2\left(\epsilon _3\epsilon _1\epsilon _2\right)`$ | $`\eta _1\eta _2\xi _3\eta _1\eta _2\xi _3`$ |
| 4 | 5 | $`\epsilon _4\epsilon _1+\epsilon _2+\epsilon _3`$ | $`_{\mathrm{cycl}}\eta _1\eta _2\xi _4\eta _3\eta _4\xi _4_i_{\mathrm{cycl}}(\eta _1\eta _2\xi _4\eta _3\eta _i\xi _i+`$ |
|  |  |  | $`\eta _1\eta _2\eta _3_i\eta _i\xi _i\xi _4)`$ |
| 4 | 6 | $`\left(2\epsilon _1+\epsilon _2+\epsilon _3\right)`$ | $`\eta _1\eta _2\eta _3\eta _1\eta _4\xi _4\eta _1\eta _2\eta _4\eta _1\eta _3\xi _4+\eta _1\eta _3\eta _4\eta _1\eta _2\xi _4`$ |
| 5 | 6 | $`\left(2\epsilon _1\epsilon _2\epsilon _3\epsilon _4+\epsilon _5\right)`$ | $`\eta _1\eta _2\eta _3\eta _4\eta _5\eta _1\eta _1\eta _2\eta _4\eta _3\eta _5\eta _1+\eta _1\eta _2\eta _5\eta _3\eta _4\eta _1`$ |
| 6 |  | $`\epsilon _1`$ | $`\eta _1_i\left(\eta _i\eta _{i+1}\eta _{i+2}\xi _i\xi _{i+1}\xi _{i+2}\right)`$ |

For $`n=2l+1`$, $`l5`$:

| $`N`$ | the lowest weight | the corresponding cycle |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | $`2\left(\epsilon _1+\epsilon _2+\epsilon _3\right)`$ | $`\eta _1\eta _2\eta _3\eta _1\eta _2\eta _3`$ |
| 2 | $`2\left(\epsilon _1+\epsilon _2\right)`$ | $`_i\eta _1\eta _2\eta _i\eta _1\eta _2\xi _i`$ |
| 3 | $`2\epsilon _1`$ | $`_{i,j}\eta _1\eta _i\xi _j\eta _1\eta _i\xi _j2_{i<j}\eta _1\eta _i\eta _j\eta _1\xi _i\xi _j`$ |
| 4 | $`0`$ | $`_{i,j}_{kl}\left(\eta _i\eta _j\xi _k\xi _i\xi _j\eta _k+\eta _i\eta _j\eta _k\xi _i\xi _j\xi _k\right)`$ |
| 5 | $`\left(2\epsilon _1+\epsilon _2+\epsilon _3+\epsilon _4+\epsilon _5\right)`$ | $`\eta _1\eta _2\eta _3\eta _4\eta _5\eta _1\eta _1\eta _2\eta _4\eta _3\eta _5\eta _1+\eta _1\eta _2\eta _5\eta _3\eta _4\eta _1`$ |
| 6 | $`\epsilon _1`$ | $`\eta _1_i\eta _i\eta _{i+1}\eta _{i+2}\xi _i\xi _{i+1}\xi _{i+2}`$ |

The space $`H_1(𝔫_+;𝔤_1)`$ is responsible for the following relations (element indicated should vanish for $`i>3`$):

$$\{\xi _1\eta _2,\eta _1\eta _2\eta _3\},\{\xi _2\eta _3,\eta _1\eta _2\eta _3\},(\mathrm{ad}\xi _3\eta _4)^2(\eta _1\eta _2\eta _3),\{\xi _i\eta _{i+1},\eta _1\eta _2\eta _3\},\{\xi _{n1}\xi _n,\eta _1\eta _2\eta _3\}.$$

### 2.1.3. Relations for $`𝔑_+`$ of $`𝔨(1|n),n>4`$

For the $`X_i^+`$ the relations are the same as for $`𝔫_+`$ of $`𝔬𝔰𝔭(n|2)`$, cf. \[GL2\].

The relations between the $`X_i^+`$, $`1in`$ and $`Y`$ are the same as for $`𝔥(0|n)`$. New relations involving $`X_0^+`$ and $`Y`$ are:

| $`N`$ | the lowest weight | the corresponding cycle |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | $`4\epsilon _1`$ | $`_i\left(q_1^2q_iq_1^2p_i\right)+\left(n+2\right)tq_1q_1^3`$ |
| 2 | $`3\epsilon _1\epsilon _2`$ | $`q_1^3tq_2+q_1^2q_2tq_1`$ |

### 2.1.4. Relations between $`𝔑_+`$ and $`𝔑_+`$ for $`𝔥(0|n)`$ and $`𝔨(1|n)`$, $`n>4`$

These relations are as for $`𝔬𝔰𝔭(2|2n)`$ unless they involve $`Y`$; and the new extra ones are:

$$[Y,X_0^{}]=\eta _2\eta _3[Y,X_i^{}]=0\text{ for }i>0.$$

### 2.2. Relations for $`𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱(0|n)`$ and $`𝔰𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱(0|m)`$, $`m>2`$

### 2.2.1. Relations for $`𝔑_+`$ of $`𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱(0|n)`$, $`n>2`$

The space $`H_1(𝔫_+;𝔤_1)`$ is spanned by $`(\mathrm{ad}p_1q_2)^3q_1^3p_1q_2,q_1^3p_2q_3`$, …, $`q_1^3p_{n1}q_n`$, and $`q_1^3p_n^2`$.

$`H_2(𝔤_+)`$ is the direct sum of irreducible $`𝔤_0`$-modules with the following lowest weights:

| $`N`$ | the lowest weight | the corresponding cycle |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | $`2\left(\epsilon _n+\epsilon _{n1}\epsilon _1\right)`$ | $`\xi _n\xi _{n1}_1\xi _n\xi _{n1}_1`$ |
| 2 | $`2\epsilon _n+\epsilon _{n1}+\epsilon _{n2}\epsilon _1\epsilon _2`$ | $`\xi _n\xi _{n1}_2\xi _n\xi _{n2}_1\xi _n\xi _{n1}_1\xi _n\xi _{n2}_2`$ |
| 3 | $`2\epsilon _n+\epsilon _{n1}\epsilon _1`$ | $`_i\xi _n\xi _i_1\xi _n\xi _{n1}_i`$ |
| 4 | $`\epsilon _n+\epsilon _{n1}+\epsilon _{n2}+\epsilon _{n3}2\epsilon _1`$ | $`\xi _n\xi _{n1}_1\xi _{n2}\xi _{n3}_1\xi _n\xi _{n2}_1\xi _{n1}\xi _{n3}_1+`$ |
|  |  | $`\xi _n\xi _{n3}_1\xi _{n1}\xi _{n2}_1`$ |
| 5 | $`2\epsilon _n`$ | $`_{i,j}\xi _n\xi _i_i\xi _n\xi _j_j`$ |
| 6 | $`\epsilon _n+\epsilon _{n1}+\epsilon _{n2}\epsilon _1`$ | $`_i(\xi _n\xi _{n1}_1\xi _{n2}\xi _i_i+\xi _{n2}\xi _{n3}_1\xi _n\xi _i_i+`$ |
|  |  | $`\xi _{n2}\xi _n_1\xi _{n1}\xi _i_i)`$ |
| 7 | $`2\epsilon _n+\epsilon _{n1}\epsilon _1`$ | $`_i\xi _n\xi _i_i\xi _n\xi _{n1}_1`$ |
| 8 | $`2\epsilon _n`$ | $`\left(\xi _n\xi _i_i\right)\left(\xi _n\xi _j_j\right)`$ |

The corresponding relations for $`𝔰𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱`$ are the relations 1) – 4).

The relations for $`𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱(0|4)`$ are

| $`N`$ | the lowest weight | the corresponding cycle |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | $`2\left(\epsilon _4+\epsilon _3\epsilon _1\right)`$ | $`\xi _4\xi _3_1\xi _4\xi _3_1`$ |
| 2 | $`2\epsilon _4+\epsilon _3\epsilon _1`$ | $`\xi _4\xi _i_1\xi _4\xi _3_i`$ |
| 3 | $`2\epsilon _4`$ | $`_{i,j}\xi _4\xi _i_j\xi _4\xi _j_i`$ |
| 4 | $`\epsilon _4+\epsilon _3+\epsilon _2\epsilon _1`$ | $`\left(\xi _4\xi _3_1\xi _2\xi _i_i+\xi _4\xi _2_1\xi _3\xi _i_i+\xi _3\xi _2_1\xi _4\xi _i_i\right)`$ |
| 5 | $`2\epsilon _4`$ | $`\left(\xi _4\xi _i_i\right)\left(\xi _4\xi _i_i\right)`$ |
| 6 | $`2\epsilon _4+\epsilon _3\epsilon _1`$ | $`\left(\xi _4\xi _i_i\right)\xi _4\xi _3_1`$ |

The corresponding relations for $`𝔰𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱(0|4)`$ are the relations 1) – 3). The relations for $`𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱(0|3)`$ are

| $`N`$ | the lowest weight | the corresponding cycle |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | $`2\left(\epsilon _3+\epsilon _2\epsilon _1\right)`$ | $`\xi _3\xi _2_1\xi _3\xi _2_1`$ |
| 2 | $`2\epsilon _3`$ | $`\xi _3\xi _2_1\xi _3\xi _1_2+\xi _3\xi _1_2\xi _3\xi _2_1`$ |
| 3 | $`2\epsilon _3`$ | $`\left(\xi _3\xi _i_i\right)\left(\xi _3\xi _i_i\right)`$ |
| 4 | $`2\epsilon _3+\epsilon _2\epsilon _1`$ | $`\left(\xi _3\xi _i_i\right)\xi _3\xi _2_1`$ |

The corresponding relations for $`𝔰𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱(0|3)𝔰𝔭𝔢(3)`$ are the relations 1) – 2).

### 2.2.2. Relations between $`𝔑_+`$ and $`𝔑_{}`$ for $`𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱(0|n)`$, $`n>3`$, and $`𝔰𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱(0|m)`$, $`m>2`$

These relations are as for $`𝔰𝔩(1|n)`$ unless they involve $`Y`$; the extra relations are:

$$[Y,X_n^{}]=(x_{n1}_1)=[X_{n1}^{},[\mathrm{},[X_2^{},X_1^{}]]\mathrm{}];[Y,X_i^{}]=0\text{ for }i>0.$$

### 2.2.3. Relations for $`𝔑_\pm `$ of $`𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱(0|n)^{(1)}`$, $`n>3`$

The new relations that involve $`X_0^+`$ are (we only indicate the terms to be equated to zero):

For $`n=3`$, $`𝔑_+`$: $`[X_0^+,X_0^+]`$, $`[X_0^+,X_2^+]`$, $`[X_0^+,Y]`$, $`[X_1^+,[X_0^+,X_1^+]]`$, $`[Y,[X_0^+,X_1^+]][X_0^+,X_3^+]`$, $`(\mathrm{ad}X_1^+)^2[X_1^+,Y]`$, $`[Y,(\mathrm{ad}X_1^+)^2Y]`$, $`[[X_0^+,X_1^+],[X_0^+,X_3^+]]`$, $`[[X_0^+,X_3^+],[X_2^+,X_3^+]]`$,

$`[[X_3^+,[X_0^+,X_1^+]],[Y,[X_1^+,X_2^+]]]+\frac{1}{2}[(\mathrm{ad}X_1^+)^2Y,[X_2^+,[X_0^+,X_3^+]]]`$.

For $`n=3`$, $`𝔑_{}`$: $`[X_0^{},X_1^{}]`$, $`(\mathrm{ad}X_0^{})^2X_2^{}`$, $`(\mathrm{ad}X_0^{})^2X_3^{}`$, $`(\mathrm{ad}X_2^{})^2X_0^{}`$, $`[[X_0^{},X_2^{}],[X_0^{},X_3^{}]]`$, $`[[X_2^{},[X_0^{},X_3^{}]],[X_3^{},[X_0^{},X_2^{}]]]`$,

$`[[[X_0^{},X_3^{}],[X_1^{},X_2^{}]],[[X_0^{},X_3^{}],[X_2^{},X_3^{}]]]+2[[X_3^{},[X_1^{},[X_0^{},X_2^{}]]],[[X_0^{},X_3^{}],[X_2^{},X_3^{}]]]`$

For $`n=4`$, $`𝔑_+`$: $`[X_0^+,X_0^+]`$, $`[X_0^+,X_2^+]`$, $`[X_0^+,X_3^+]`$, $`[X_0^+,Y]`$, $`(\mathrm{ad}X_1^+)^2X_0^+`$, $`[Y,[X_0^+,X_1^+]]`$,

$`[[X_0^+,X_1^+],[X_0^+,X_4^+]]`$, $`[[X_0^+,X_1^+],[X_2^+,Y]][X_0^+,X_4^+]`$,

$`[[X_0^+,X_4^+],[X_3^+,X_4^+]]`$, $`[[X_2^+,Y],[X_3^+,[X_0^+,X_4^+]]]`$,

$`[[X_4^+,[X_0^+,X_1^+]],[Y,[X_2^+,X_3^+]]]\frac{1}{2}[[X_3^+,[X_0^+,X_4^+]],[Y,[X_1^+,X_2^+]]]`$,

$`[[[X_0^+,X_4^+],[X_1^+,X_2^+]],[[X_1^+,Y],[X_2^+,X_3^+]]]+[[[X_0^+,X_1^+],[X_3^+,X_4^+]],[[X_1^+,X_2^+],[X_2^+,Y]]]`$

For $`n=4`$, $`𝔑_{}`$: $`[X_0^{},X_0^{}]`$, $`[X_0^{},X_1^{}]`$, $`[X_0^{},X_2^{}]`$, $`(\mathrm{ad}X_3^{})^2X_0^{}`$,

$`[[X_0^{},X_3^{}],[X_0^{},X_4^{}]]`$, $`[[X_0^{},X_4^{}],[X_3^{},[X_0^{},X_4^{}]]]`$,

$$\begin{array}{c}[[X_2^{},[X_0^{},X_3^{}]],[X_4^{},[X_0^{},X_3^{}]]],\hfill \\ [[X_4^{},[X_0^{},X_3^{}]],[[X_0^{},X_4^{}],[X_2^{},X_3^{}]]],\hfill \\ [[X_0^{},X_4^{}],[X_3^{},X_4^{}]],[[X_2^{},X_3^{}],[X_4^{},[X_0^{},X_3^{}]]]],\hfill \end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{c}[[[X_1^{},X_2^{}],[[X_0^{},X_4^{}],[X_3^{},X_4^{}]]],[[X_4^{},[X_0^{},X_3^{}]],[X_4^{},[X_2^{},X_3^{}]]]]+\hfill \\ \frac{1}{2}[[[X_1^{},X_2^{}],[[X_0^{},X_4^{}],[X_3^{},X_4^{}]]],[[X_3^{},[X_0^{},X_4^{}]],[X_4^{},[X_2^{},X_3^{}]]]]\hfill \end{array}$$

For $`n=5`$, $`𝔑_+`$: $`[X_0^+,X_0^+]`$, $`[X_0^+,X_2^+]`$, $`[X_0^+,X_3^+]`$, $`[X_0^+,X_4^+]`$, $`[X_0^+,Y]`$, $`(\mathrm{ad}X_1^+)^2X_0^+`$, $`[Y,[X_0^+,X_1^+]]`$,

$`[[X_0^+,X_1^+],[X_0^+,X_5^+]]`$, $`[[X_0^+,X_5^+],[X_4^+,X_5^+]]`$,

$`[[X_3^+,Y],[X_2^+,[X_0^+,X_1^+]]]+[X_0^+,X_5^+]`$, $`[[X_3^+,Y],[X_4^+,[X_0^+,X_5^+]]]=0`$,

$`[[X_5^+,[X_0^+,X_1^+]],[Y,[X_3^+,X_4^+]]]`$,

$`[[Y,[X_3^+,X_4^+]],[[X_0^+,X_5^+],[X_1^+,X_2^+]]]+[[Y,[X_1^+,X_2^+]],[[X_0^+,X_5^+],[X_3^+,X_4^+]]]`$

$$\begin{array}{c}[[[X_3^+,Y],[X_3^+,[X_1^+,X_2^+]]],[[X_4^+,X_5^+],[X_2^+,[X_0^+,X_1^+]]]]\hfill \\ [[[X_2^+,X_3^+],[X_5^+,[X_0^+,X_1^+]]],[[X_3^+,X_4^+],[Y,[X_1^+,X_2^+]]]],\hfill \end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{c}[[[X_4^+,X_5^+],[[X_1^+,Y],[X_2^+,X_3^+]]],[[X_3^+,[X_1^+,X_2^+]],[Y,[X_3^+,X_4^+]]]]=\hfill \\ \frac{1}{2}[[[X_2^+,X_3^+],[X_4^+,X_5^+]],[[X_4^+,X_5^+],[X_3^+,[X_1^+,Y]]]]+\hfill \\ \frac{1}{2}[[[X_3^+,Y],[X_4^+,X_5^+]],[[X_4^+,X_5^+],[X_3^+,[X_1^+,X_2^+]]]]\hfill \end{array}$$

For $`n=5`$, $`𝔑_{}`$: $`[X_0^{},X_1^{}]`$, $`[X_0^{},X_2^{}]`$, $`[X_0^{},X_3^{}]`$, $`(\mathrm{ad}X_0^{})^2X_4^{}`$, $`(\mathrm{ad}X_4^{})^2X_0^{}`$, $`[[X_0^{},X_4^{}],[X_0^{},X_5^{}]]`$,

$`[[X_4^{},[X_0^{},X_5^{}]],[X_5^{},[X_0^{},X_4^{}]]]`$, $`[[X_5^{},[X_0^{},X_4^{}]],[[X_0^{},X_5^{}],[X_3^{},X_4^{}]]]`$,

$`[[[X_0^{},X_5^{}],[X_3^{},X_4^{}]],[[X_0^{},X_5^{}],[X_4^{},X_5^{}]]]`$,

$`[[[X_2^{},X_3^{}],[X_5^{},[X_0^{},X_4^{}]]],[[X_4^{},X_5^{}],[X_3^{},[X_0^{},X_4^{}]]]]`$,

$`[[[X_4^{},X_5^{}],[X_3^{},[X_0^{},X_4^{}]]],[[X_2^{},X_3^{}],[[X_0^{},X_5^{}],[X_4^{},X_5^{}]]]]`$

### 2.2.4. The periplectic series

Recall that the compatible (with parity) $``$-gradings of $`𝔰𝔭𝔢(n)`$ are of the form $`𝔰𝔭𝔢(n)=𝔤_1𝔤_0𝔤_1`$ and there are two such cases both with $`𝔤_0=𝔰𝔩(n)`$: (here $`\mathrm{id}`$ is the standard $`𝔰𝔩(n)`$-module):

a) $`𝔤_1=S^2(\mathrm{id})`$, $`𝔤_1=E^2(\mathrm{id}^{})`$;

b) $`𝔤_1=E^2(\mathrm{id})`$, $`𝔤_1=S^2(\mathrm{id}^{})`$ .

Let $`𝔫^\pm `$ be the maximal nilpotent subalgebras of $`𝔤_0`$. Set

$$𝔪^+=𝔫^+𝔤_1;𝔪^{}=𝔫^{}𝔤_1$$

Denote by $`X^+`$ (resp. $`X^{}`$) a vector of lowest (highest) weight in the $`𝔤_0`$-module $`𝔤_1`$ (resp. $`𝔤_1`$). The first term $`\underset{p+q=2}{}E_1^{p,q}`$ of the spectral sequence converging to $`H_2(𝔪^\pm )`$ consists of

$$E_1^{2,0}=H_2(𝔫^\pm ),E_1^{1,1}=H_1(𝔫^\pm ;𝔤_{\pm 1}),E_1^{0,2}=H_0(𝔫^\pm ;E^2(𝔤_{\pm 1})).$$

Since we already know $`H_2(𝔫^\pm )`$, we are only interested in the other two summands. In case (a), (resp. (b)), $`H_1(𝔫^\pm ;𝔤_{\pm 1})`$ is the same as for $`𝔪^+`$ of $`𝔰𝔭(2n)`$ and for $`𝔪^{}`$ of $`𝔬(2n)`$ (resp. for $`𝔪^{}`$ of $`𝔬(2n)`$ and $`𝔰𝔭(2n)`$ of $`𝔪^+`$), we explicitly have:

$`(a)`$
$$(\mathrm{ad}X_n^+)^3(X^+)=0,(\mathrm{ad}X_n^{})^2(X^{})=0$$

$`(b)`$
$$(\mathrm{ad}X_n^+)^2(X^+)=0,(\mathrm{ad}X_n^{})^3(X^{})=0$$

with $`[X_i^+,X^+]=[X_i^{},X^{}]=0`$ for $`i<n`$ in both cases (a) and (b).

Let $`\phi _i`$ be the $`i`$th fundamental weight of $`𝔤_0`$, $`R(\chi )`$ the (space of the) irreducible representation with highest weight $`\chi `$. Now, for the $`𝔰𝔩(n)`$-modules $`𝔤_1=R(2\phi _1)`$ in case (a) and $`𝔤_1=R(\phi _2)`$ in case (b), we have:

$$\begin{array}{cc}S^2(R(2\phi _1))=R(4\phi _1)R(2\phi _2)\hfill & \\ S^2(R(\phi _2))=\{\begin{array}{cc}R(2\phi _2)R(\phi _4)& \text{ if }n>3\\ R(2\phi _2)& \text{ if }n=3.\end{array}\hfill & \end{array}$$

Therefore, we have the relations

for both cases a) and b)
$$[X^\pm ,X^\pm ]=0$$

and the relations

$`(PeR_\pm )`$
$$\begin{array}{ccc}\text{(a)}\hfill & [X^+,[X_n^+,[X_n^+,X^+]]]=0,\hfill & [X^{},[X_n^{},[X_{n1}^{},X^{}]]]=0;\hfill \\ \text{(b)}\hfill & [X^+,[X_n^+,[X_n^+,X^+]]]=0,\hfill & [X^{},[X_n^{},[X_{n1}^{},X^{}]]]=0.\hfill \end{array}$$

of which the first in case (a) and the second in case (b) are only defined if $`n>3`$.

### 2.3.1 Exceptional loop algebras: $`𝔡(\epsilon )^{(3)}`$

Let $`\epsilon `$ be a primitive cubic root of 1 and $`𝔡(\epsilon )`$ the deform of the Lie superalgebra $`𝔬𝔰𝔭(4|2)`$ corresponding to the value of parameter equal to $`\epsilon `$, i.e., $`𝔡(\epsilon )=𝔤(A)`$ for any of the following Cartan matrices (cf. \[GL2\]):

$$\left(\begin{array}{ccc}0& 1& \epsilon ^2\\ 1& 0& \epsilon \\ \epsilon ^2& \epsilon & 0\end{array}\right),\text{ or }\left(\begin{array}{ccc}2& 1& 0\\ \epsilon & 0& \epsilon ^2\\ 0& 1& 2\end{array}\right),\text{ or }\left(\begin{array}{ccc}2& 1& 0\\ 1& 0& \epsilon \\ 0& 1& 2\end{array}\right),\text{ or }\left(\begin{array}{ccc}2& 1& 0\\ 1& 0& \epsilon ^2\\ 0& 1& 2\end{array}\right).$$

The algebra $`𝔡(\epsilon )`$ has an outer automorphism of order 3; select the generators of the maximal nilpotent subalgebras of $`𝔡(\epsilon )^{(3)}`$ as follows. Let $`X_1^\pm `$, $`X_2^\pm `$, $`X_3^\pm `$ be the Chevalley generators of $`𝔡(\epsilon )`$. Set

$$\begin{array}{cc}Y_1^+=\epsilon X_1^++\epsilon ^2X_2^++X_3^+,& Y_2^+=[X_3^{},[X_1^{},X_2^{}]];\\ Y_1^{}=\epsilon X_1^{}+\epsilon ^2X_2^{}+X_3^{},& Y_2^+=[X_1^+,X_2^+][X_1^+,X_3^+]+[X_2^+,X_3^+].\end{array}$$

The relations between these generators are:

$$\begin{array}{c}[Y_2^+,Y_2^+]=0,\\ [[Y_1^+,Y_2^+],[Y_2^+,[Y_1^+,Y_1^+]]]=0,\\ (\mathrm{ad}[Y_1^+,Y_1^+])^3([Y_1^+,Y_2^+])=0,\\ [[Y_1^+,Y_1^+],[[Y_2^+,[Y_1^+,Y_1^+]],[[Y_2^+,[Y_1^+,Y_1^+]],[[Y_1^+,Y_1^+],[Y_2^+,[Y_1^+,Y_1^+]]]]]]=64Y_1^+,\\ [[Y_1^+,Y_2^+],[[Y_2^+,[Y_1^+,Y_1^+]],[[Y_2^+,[Y_1^+,Y_1^+]],[[Y_1^+,Y_1^+],[Y_2^+,[Y_1^+,Y_1^+]]]]]]=96Y_2^+.\end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{c}(\mathrm{ad}Y_2^{})^3Y_1^{}=0,\\ [[Y_1^{},Y_2^{}],[Y_1^{},Y_2^{}]]2[Y_2^{},[Y_2^{},[Y_1^{},[Y_1^{}]]=0,\\ (\mathrm{ad}[Y_1^{},Y_1^{}])^2[Y_1^{},Y_2^{}]=0,\\ [[Y_1^{},Y_1^{}],[[Y_2^{},[Y_1^{},Y_1^{}]],[[Y_1^{},Y_2^{}],[Y_2^{},[Y_1^{},Y_1^{}]]]]]=64Y_1^{},\\ [[Y_1^{},Y_2^{}],[[Y_2^{},[Y_1^{},Y_1^{}]],[[Y_1^{},Y_2^{}],[Y_2^{},[Y_1^{},Y_1^{}]]]]]=64Y_2^{}.\end{array}$$

### 2.3.2. Stringy superalgebras

For the exceptional stringy superalgebra $`𝔨𝔞𝔰^L`$ introduced in \[GLS1\] (and in \[CK\]) the relations are computed in \[GLS1\] and, in another form, in \[CK\]. Observe that the relations of $`𝔨𝔞𝔰`$ are not simply the relations for $`𝔨𝔞𝔰^L`$ that do not involve the extra generators.

Among the stringy superalgebras $`𝔨^L(1|6)`$ is one of the most interesting: it possesses a nondegenerate invariant symmetric bilinear form and, therefore, can be $`q`$-quantized, cf. \[LSp\].

The basis of $`𝔤_+`$ for the standard $``$-grading of $`𝔨^L(1|6)`$:

$$\begin{array}{cccc}X_1^+=\xi _1\eta _2,& X_2^+=\xi _2\eta _3,& X_3^+=\xi _2\xi _3,& X_0^+=t\eta _1,\\ \stackrel{~}{X}_1^+=\frac{1}{t}\xi _1\xi _3\eta _2\eta _3,& \stackrel{~}{X}_2^+=\frac{1}{t}\xi _1\xi _2\eta _1\eta _3,& \stackrel{~}{X}_3^+=\frac{1}{t}\xi _1\xi _2\xi _3\eta _1,& \stackrel{~}{X}_0^+=\eta _1\eta _2\eta _3\end{array}$$

The generators $`X_i^\pm `$ for $`i0`$, clearly, generate $`𝔬(6)`$ while all of them generate $`𝔬𝔰𝔭(6|2)`$. One expects the same relations between them, but the other generators interfere and the final result is as follows (we skip the superscript):

$$[X_2,X_3]=0,[X_2,X_0]=0,[X_3,X_0]=0,[X_0,X_0]=0;$$

$$(\mathrm{ad}X_1)^2X_2=0;(\mathrm{ad}X_1)^2X_3=0,(\mathrm{ad}X_1)^2X_0=0,(\mathrm{ad}X_2)^2X_1=0,(\mathrm{ad}X_3)^2X_1=0;$$

$$\begin{array}{c}[X_1,\stackrel{~}{X}_0]=0,[X_1,\stackrel{~}{X}_1]=0,[X_2,\stackrel{~}{X}_0]=0,[X_2,\stackrel{~}{X}_2]=0,\\ [X_2,\stackrel{~}{X}_3]=0,[X_3,\stackrel{~}{X}_2]=0,[X_3,\stackrel{~}{X}_3]=0,[X_0,\stackrel{~}{X}_0]=0\\ [\stackrel{~}{X}_0,\stackrel{~}{X}_0]=0,[\stackrel{~}{X}_0,\stackrel{~}{X}_1]=0,[\stackrel{~}{X}_0,\stackrel{~}{X}_2]=0,\\ [\stackrel{~}{X}_1,\stackrel{~}{X}_2]=0,[\stackrel{~}{X}_1,\stackrel{~}{X}_3]=0,[\stackrel{~}{X}_2,\stackrel{~}{X}_3]=0;\end{array}$$

$$[X_2,\stackrel{~}{X}_1]+[X_1,\stackrel{~}{X}_2]=0,[X_3,\stackrel{~}{X}_1]+[X_1,\stackrel{~}{X}_3]=0;$$

$$(\mathrm{ad}X_3)^2\stackrel{~}{X}_02[X_0,\stackrel{~}{X}_3]=0;$$

$$\begin{array}{c}[\stackrel{~}{X}_0,[X_0,\stackrel{~}{X}_3]]=0,[\stackrel{~}{X}_1,[X_1,X_2]]=0,[\stackrel{~}{X}_1,[X_1,X_3]]=0,[\stackrel{~}{X}_1,[X_1,X_0]]=0,\\ [\stackrel{~}{X}_2,[X_1,X_2]]=0,[\stackrel{~}{X}_3,[X_1,X_3]]=0,\\ [\stackrel{~}{X}_3,[X_3,\stackrel{~}{X}_0]]=0,[\stackrel{~}{X}_3,[X_0,\stackrel{~}{X}_2]]=0;\end{array}$$

$$(\mathrm{ad}\stackrel{~}{X}_1)^2X_0=0,(\mathrm{ad}\stackrel{~}{X}_2)^2X_0=0,(\mathrm{ad}\stackrel{~}{X}_3)^2X_0=0,(\mathrm{ad}\stackrel{~}{X}_3)^2\stackrel{~}{X}_0=0;$$

$$[[X_1,X_2],[X_3,\stackrel{~}{X}_0]]+2[\stackrel{~}{X}_2,[X_0,\stackrel{~}{X}_1]]+[X_0,[X_1,\stackrel{~}{X}_2]]+[\stackrel{~}{X}_2,[X_1,X_0]]=0;$$

$$[[X_1,X_2],[X_0,\stackrel{~}{X}_2]]=0,[[X_1,X_3],[X_0,\stackrel{~}{X}_3]]=0,[[X_1,\stackrel{~}{X}_2],[X_0,\stackrel{~}{X}_2]]=0,[[X_1,\stackrel{~}{X}_3],[X_0,\stackrel{~}{X}_3]]=0,$$

$$[[X_1,\stackrel{~}{X}_2],[X_3,\stackrel{~}{X}_0]][\stackrel{~}{X}_2,[X_0,\stackrel{~}{X}_1]]=0,[[X_0,\stackrel{~}{X}_3],[\stackrel{~}{X}_2,[X_0,\stackrel{~}{X}_1]]=0,$$

$$[[X_0,\stackrel{~}{X}_3],[\stackrel{~}{X}_2,[X_1,X_0]]+[[X_0,\stackrel{~}{X}_3],[\stackrel{~}{X}_0,[X_1,\stackrel{~}{X}_2]]=0,$$

$$2[[X_1,\stackrel{~}{X}_2],[X_0,\stackrel{~}{X}_3]]+2[\stackrel{~}{X}_3,[X_0,[X_1,X_2]]]+[[X_1,X_3],[X_0,\stackrel{~}{X}_2]][[X_1,X_2],[X_0,\stackrel{~}{X}_3]]=0;$$

$$2[[X_1,\stackrel{~}{X}_3],[X_0,\stackrel{~}{X}_2]]2[\stackrel{~}{X}_3,[X_0,[X_1,X_2]]]+[[X_1,X_2],[X_0,\stackrel{~}{X}_3]][[X_1,X_3],[X_0,\stackrel{~}{X}_2]]=0.$$

## §4. Presentation of vectorial Lie superalgebras: an overview of open problems

### 4.1. Vectorial Lie superalgebras with polynomial coefficients and loops with values in them

###### Lemma .

(\[ShV\]) There are embeddings of Lie superalgebras such that their negative parts as $``$-graded Lie superalgebras coincide:

$$\begin{array}{c}𝔰𝔩(n+1|m)𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱(n|m),𝔬𝔰𝔭(m|2n+2)𝔨(2n+1|m),\hfill \\ 𝔭𝔢(n+1)𝔪(n),𝔰𝔭𝔢(n+1)𝔰𝔪(n).\hfill \end{array}$$

This is already something: it remains to establish presentation of $`𝔑^+`$ only. The rest of the known information is gathered in the following statement, cf. \[HP\]. The cases when the Lie superalgebra is not simple are marked by a $`+`$ sign; we disregard them in this paper.

###### Theorem .

The following table lists the restrictions for the relations of the subalgebra $`𝔑^+`$ of a simple vectorial Lie superalgebra to be “pure” (blank space) or “dirty” (marked by a dot).

𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱(n|m)𝔰𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱(n|m)
m+3+2+1+0+0123nm++++3++2++1++0++0123n𝔥(2n|m)𝔨(2n+1|m)
m++3+2+1+0+0123n
m32100123n𝔰𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱(n)𝔰𝔥(n)
+
+

01234n
++++01234n𝔪(n)𝔟λ(n),𝔩𝔢(n),𝔰𝔩𝔢(n)
01234n
+01234n𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱(0|n)(1),𝔰𝔥(2n)(2)𝔰𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱(0|n)(1)
+01234n
+
+

01234n𝔰𝔥(n)(1)
+
+
+

01234nmatrix𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱conditional𝑛𝑚𝔰𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱conditional𝑛𝑚
m+3+2+1+0+0123n𝑚missing-subexpressionmissing-subexpressionfragmentsfragmentsmissing-subexpressionmissing-subexpressionfragmentsfragments3fragmentsfragments2fragmentsfragments1+fragmentsmissing-subexpression0++0123fragments𝑛missing-subexpressionmissing-subexpressionmissing-subexpressionmissing-subexpression𝔥conditional2𝑛𝑚𝔨2𝑛conditional1𝑚
m++3+2+1+0+0123n
m32100123nmissing-subexpressionmissing-subexpressionmissing-subexpressionmissing-subexpression𝔰𝔳𝔢𝔠superscript𝔱𝑛𝔰𝔥𝑛fragments
+
+

01234𝑛
++++01234nmissing-subexpressionmissing-subexpressionmissing-subexpressionmissing-subexpression𝔪𝑛subscript𝔟𝜆𝑛𝔩𝔢𝑛𝔰𝔩𝔢𝑛
01234n
+01234nmissing-subexpressionmissing-subexpressionmissing-subexpressionmissing-subexpression𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱superscriptconditional0𝑛1𝔰𝔥superscript2𝑛2𝔰𝔳𝔢𝔠𝔱superscriptconditional0𝑛1
+01234nfragments
+
+

01234𝑛missing-subexpressionmissing-subexpressionmissing-subexpressionmissing-subexpression𝔰𝔥superscript𝑛1missing-subexpressionfragments
+
+
+

01234𝑛missing-subexpression\begin{matrix}{\mathfrak{vect}}(n|m)&{\mathfrak{svect}}(n|m)\\
\hbox{
\tiny\begin{tabular}[]{|c|c|c|c|cccc}$m$&$\;\;\;\;$&$\;\;\;\;$&$\;\;\;$&$\;\;\;$&$\;\;$\\
$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$\\
$\;\;$&$\;+\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$\\
\hline\cr 3&$\;+\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$\\
\hline\cr 2&$\;+\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$\\
\hline\cr 1&$\;+\;$&$\;\mbox{$\bullet$}\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$\\
\hline\cr 0&$\;+\;$&$\mbox{$\bullet$}$&$\mbox{$\bullet$}$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$\\
\hline\cr$\;\;$&0&1&2&3&$\;\;$&$\;\ldots\;$&$n$\\
\hline\cr\end{tabular}}&\hbox{\tiny\begin{tabular}[]{|c|c|c|c|cccc}$m$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$\\
$\;\;$&$\;+\;$&$\;+\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$\\
$\;\;$&$\;+\;$&$\;+\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$\\
\hline\cr 3&$\;+\;$&$\;+\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$\\
\hline\cr 2&$\;+\;$&$\;+\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$\\
\hline\cr 1&+&$\;+\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$\\
\hline\cr 0&+&$\mbox{$+$}$&$\mbox{$\bullet$}$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$\\
\hline\cr$\;\;$&0&1&2&3&$\;\;$&$\;\ldots\;$&$n$\\
\hline\cr\end{tabular}}\\
&\\
&\\
{\mathfrak{h}}(2n|m)&{\mathfrak{k}}(2n+1|m)\\
\hbox{
\tiny\begin{tabular}[]{|c|c|c|c|cccc}$m$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&\\
$\;\;$&$\;+\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&\\
$\;\;$&$\;+\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$\\
\hline\cr 3&$\;+\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$\\
\hline\cr 2&$\;+\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$\\
\hline\cr 1&+&$\;\mbox{$\bullet$}\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$\\
\hline\cr 0&+&$\mbox{$\bullet$}$&$\mbox{$\bullet$}$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$\\
\hline\cr$\;\;$&0&1&2&3&$\;\;$&$\;\ldots\;$&$n$\\
\hline\cr\end{tabular}}&\hbox{
\tiny\begin{tabular}[]{|c|c|c|c|cccc}$m$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$\\
$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$\\
$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$\\
\hline\cr 3&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$\\
\hline\cr 2&$\;\bullet\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$\\
\hline\cr 1&$\bullet$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$\\
\hline\cr 0&$\bullet$&$\mbox{$\bullet$}$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$\\
\hline\cr$\;\;$&0&1&2&3&$\;\;$&$\;\ldots\;$&$n$\\
\hline\cr\end{tabular}}\\
&\\
&\\
{\mathfrak{svect}}^{\circ}(n)&{\mathfrak{sh}}(n)\\
\hbox{\tiny\begin{tabular}[]{|c|c|c|c|ccc}\hline\cr+&+&$\;\bullet\;$&&&&\\
\hline\cr 0&1&2&3&4&$\ldots$&$n$\\
\hline\cr\end{tabular}}&\hbox{
\tiny\begin{tabular}[]{|c|c|c|c|ccc}\hline\cr+&+&+&+&&&\\
\hline\cr 0&1&2&3&4&$\ldots$&$n$\\
\hline\cr\end{tabular}}\\
&\\
&\\
{\mathfrak{m}}(n)&{\mathfrak{b}}_{\lambda}(n),\;{\mathfrak{le}}(n),\;{\mathfrak{sle}}(n)\\
\hbox{
\tiny\begin{tabular}[]{|c|c|c|c|ccc}\hline\cr$\;\bullet\;$&&&&&&\\
\hline\cr 0&1&2&3&4&$\ldots$&$n$\\
\hline\cr\end{tabular}}&\hbox{
\tiny\begin{tabular}[]{|c|c|c|c|ccc}\hline\cr+&$\bullet$&&$\;\;$&&&\\
\hline\cr 0&1&2&3&4&$\ldots$&$n$\\
\hline\cr\end{tabular}}\\
&\\
&\\
{\mathfrak{vect}}(0|n)^{(1)},\;{\mathfrak{sh}}(2n)^{(2)}&{\mathfrak{svect}}(0|n)^{(1)}\\
\hbox{
\tiny\begin{tabular}[]{|c|c|c|c|ccc}\hline\cr+&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&$\;\;$&&&\\
\hline\cr 0&1&2&3&4&$\ldots$&$n$\\
\hline\cr\end{tabular}}&\hbox{\tiny\begin{tabular}[]{|c|c|c|c|ccc}\hline\cr+&+&&&&&\\
\hline\cr 0&1&2&3&4&$\ldots$&$n$\\
\hline\cr\end{tabular}}\\
&\\
&\\
{\mathfrak{sh}}(n)^{(1)}&\\
\hbox{\tiny\begin{tabular}[]{|c|c|c|c|ccc}\hline\cr+&+&+&&&&\\
\hline\cr 0&1&2&3&4&$\ldots$&$n$\\
\hline\cr\end{tabular}}&\end{matrix}
### 4.2. Twisted loops

There remains to compute the relations in the following twisted loop superalgebras which have no Cartan matrix: see \[LSS\]: $`𝔭𝔰𝔩(n|n)_\mathrm{\Pi }^{(2)}`$; $`𝔭𝔰𝔩(n|n)_{\mathrm{\Pi }(st)}^{(2)}`$; $`𝔭𝔰𝔮(n)_\mathrm{\Pi }^{(4)}`$.

### 4.3. Stringy and vectorial superalgebras: other bases

We have only computed the relations in several cases. There remains to compute the relations in the cases marked by a thick dot (and a cross) in Table 4.1 and for the exceptional algebras \[Sh5\] (for the consistent gradings thereof this is done in \[GLS2\]; for the other W-gradings it is desirable, at least, for completeness). It is desirable to compute them for all simple stringy superalgebras or, at least, for the distinguished algebras that admit nontrivial central extensions most often used in applications, cf. \[GLS1\], and for other bases of vectorial algebras and superalgebras.