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# Bounds on scalar leptoquark and scalar gluon masses from S, T, U in the minimal four color symmetry model

## Abstract

The contributions into radiative correction parameters S, T, U from scalar leptoquark and scalar gluon doublets are investigated in the minimal four color symmetry model. It is shown that the current experimental data on S, T, U allow the scalar leptoquarks and the scalar gluons to be relatively light (with masses of order of 1 TeV or less), the lightest particles are preferred to lie below 400 GeV. In particular, the lightest scalar leptoquarks with masses below 300 GeV are shown to be compatible with the current data on S, T, U at $`\chi ^2<3.1(3.2)`$ for $`m_H=115(300)GeV`$ in comparison with $`\chi ^2=3.5(5.0)`$ in the Standard Model. The lightest scalar gluon in this case is expected to lie below $`850(720)GeV.`$ The possible significance of such particles in the t-quark physics at LHC is emphasized.

The search for a new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) is one of the aims of high energy physics now. One of the possible variants of such new physics can be the variant induced by the possible four color symmetry  between quarks and leptons. This symmetry predicts the vector leptoquarks with the lower limit on their masses of order $`100TeV`$ or less  and allows the scalar leptoquarks  with the more undefined masses, some other colored particles are also allowed.

In addition to the vector leptoquarks the four color symmetry with the Higgs mechanism of splitting the masses of quarks and leptons ( MQLS-model,  ) predicts the scalar leptoquarks and the scalar gluons of the doublet structure under the electroweak $`SU_L(2)`$-group. In this approach these doublets are responsible for splitting the masses of quarks from those of leptons and they are the partners of the standard Higgs doublet. What can we say about the masses of these scalar doublets? The first analysis of the masses of the scalar leptoquark doublets by the formalism  of the radiative corrections $`S,T,U`$ parameters showed  that some of these particles can be relatively light.

In the present paper we calculate and discuss the contributions into $`S,T,U`$ from both the scalar leptoquark and the scalar gluon doublets, accounting the Higgs mechanism of generating the masses of these particles from the scalar potential of their interactions with the standard Higgs doublet. This is the most reasonable way of generating the masses of scalar particles and it reduces the region of the fitting parameters of the model and gives the possibility to obtain the new bounds on the masses of the scalar leptoquarks and of the scalar gluons from current experimental data  on $`S,T,U`$.

The scalar leptoquark and scalar gluon doublets $`S_{a\alpha }^{(\pm )}`$ and $`F_{ja}`$ to be discussed here belong to the (15,2,1)-multiplet $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{i,a}^{(3)}`$ of the $`SU_V(4)\times SU_L(2)\times U_R(1)`$-group of the MQLS-model  with VEV $`\eta _3`$, here $`a=1,2`$ and $`i=1,2\mathrm{}\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}15}`$ are the $`SU_L(2)`$ and $`SU_V(4)`$ indexes and $`\alpha =1,2,3`$ and $`j=1,2\mathrm{}\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}8}`$ are the indexes of the ordinary color $`SU_c(3)`$ group. This multiplet together with (1,2,1)-multiplet $`\mathrm{\Phi }_a^{(2)}`$ with VEV $`\eta _2`$ generates the fermion masses by Higgs mechanism and splits the masses of quarks from those of leptons.

Below we consider the scalar leptoquark doublets in the case of the the simplest scalar leptoquark mixing and with neglect of the small parameter $`\xi ^2=\frac{2}{3}g_4^2\eta _3^2/m_V^21`$ of the model. In this case the scalar leptoquark doublets can be written as

$`S^{(+)}=\left(\begin{array}{c}S_1^{(+)}\\ cS_1+sS_2\end{array}\right),S^{()}=\left(\begin{array}{c}S_1^{()}\\ sS_1+cS_2\end{array}\right),`$ (5)
where $`S_1,S_2`$ are the mass eigen states of the scalar leptoquarks with electric charge 2/3 and $`c=\mathrm{cos}\theta ,s=\mathrm{sin}\theta ,\theta `$ is the scalar leptoquark mixing angle.

In the case (5) the contributions $`S^{(LQ)}`$, $`T^{(LQ)}`$,$`U^{(LQ)}`$ into $`S,T,U`$ from the scalar leptoquark doublets can be obtained by simplifying the general expressions of ref. and take the form

$`S^{(LQ)}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{n_c}{12\pi }}\{Y_+^{SM}[c^2\mathrm{ln}{\displaystyle \frac{m_+^2}{m_1^2}}+s^2\mathrm{ln}{\displaystyle \frac{m_+^2}{m_2^2}}]`$
$`Y_{}^{SM}[s^2\mathrm{ln}{\displaystyle \frac{m_{}^2}{m_1^2}}+c^2\mathrm{ln}{\displaystyle \frac{m_{}^2}{m_2^2}}]+4c^2s^2f_2(m_1,m_2)\},`$
$`T^{(LQ)}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{n_c}{16\pi s_W^2c_W^2m_Z^2}}\{c^2[f_1(m_+,m_1)+f_1(m_{},m_2)]`$
$`+s^2[f_1(m_+,m_2)+f_1(m_{},m_1)]4c^2s^2f_1(m_1,m_2)\},`$
$`U^{(LQ)}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{n_c}{12\pi }}\{c^2[f_2(m_+,m_1)+f_2(m_{},m_2)]`$
$`+s^2[f_2(m_+,m_2)+f_2(m_{},m_1)]4c^2s^2f_2(m_1,m_2)\},`$
where

$`f_1(m_1,m_2)`$ $`=`$ $`m_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}+m_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}{\displaystyle \frac{2m_1^2m_2^2}{m_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}m_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}}\mathrm{ln}{\displaystyle \frac{m_1^2}{m_2^2}},`$ (9)
$`f_2(m_1,m_2)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{5m_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{4}+5m_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{4}22m_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}m_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}{3(m_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}m_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{2})^2}}`$ (10)
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{m_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{6}3m_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{4}m_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}3m_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}m_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{4}+m_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{6}}{(m_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}m_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{2})^3}}\mathrm{ln}{\displaystyle \frac{m_1^2}{m_2^2}},`$
$`n_c=3,Y_\pm ^{SM}=1\pm 4/3,m_+=m_{S_1^{(+)}}=m_{5/3},m_{}=m_{S_1^{()}}=m_{1/3},m_{1,2}=m_{S_1,S_2}=m_{2/3,2/3^{}}.`$ Here indexes 5/3, 1/3, 2/3 of the masses denote the electric charges of the corresponding scalar leptoquarks. Notice that the contributions $`T^{(LQ)}`$ and $`U^{(LQ)}`$ from the scalar leptoquark doublets are not positive definite due to the $`S_1S_2`$\- mixing and can be negative if $`m_+,m_{}`$ are between $`m_1`$ and $`m_2`$.

The scalar gluon doublets can be written as

$`F_j=\left(\begin{array}{c}F_{1j}\\ (\varphi _{1j}+i\varphi _{2j})/\sqrt{2}\end{array}\right),`$ (13)
where the charged fields $`F_{1j}`$ and the neutral fields $`\varphi _{1j},\varphi _{2j},j=1,2,\mathrm{},8`$ are the mass eigen state fields (in general case the real and imaginary parts $`\varphi _{1j},\varphi _{2j}`$ of the down component of the doublet $`F_j`$ can be splitted in the mass). The scalar gluon doublets (13) give the contributions into $`S`$, $`T`$, $`U`$ of the form

$`S^{(F)}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{k_F}{24\pi }}\left\{\mathrm{ln}{\displaystyle \frac{m_{F_1}^2}{m_{\varphi _1}^2}}+\mathrm{ln}{\displaystyle \frac{m_{F_1}^2}{m_{\varphi _2}^2}}f_2(m_{\varphi _1},m_{\varphi _2})\right\},`$ (14)
$`T^{(F)}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{k_F}{32\pi c_{W}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}s_{W}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}m_{Z}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}}\left\{f_1(m_{F_1},m_{\varphi _1})+f_1(m_{F_1},m_{\varphi _2})f_1(m_{\varphi _1},m_{\varphi _2})\right\},`$ (15)
$`U^{(F)}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{k_F}{24\pi }}\left\{f_2(m_{F_1},m_{\varphi _1})+f_2(m_{F_1},m_{\varphi _2})f_2(m_{\varphi _1},m_{\varphi _2})\right\},`$ (16)
where $`k_F=8`$ and $`f_1(m_1,m_2)`$ and $`f_2(m_1,m_2)`$ are defined by eqs.(9), (10). The contributions $`T^{(F)}`$ and $`U^{(F)}`$ are not positive definite and they are negative if $`m_{F_1}`$ is between $`m_{\varphi _1}`$ and $`m_{\varphi _2}`$.

Let the masses of the scalar leptoquark and scalar gluon doublets are generated from the scalar potential of their interactions with the standard Higgs doublet by the Higgs mechanism of the symmetry breaking. In general case the terms of the scalar potential contributing into the scalar leptoquark and scalar gluon masses can be written as

$`V(\mathrm{\Phi }^{(SM)},S)={\displaystyle \underset{+,}{}}[m_\pm ^{(0)2}(+S^{(\pm )}S^{(\pm )})+\beta _\pm (+\mathrm{\Phi }^{(SM)}\mathrm{\Phi }^{(SM)})(+S^{(\pm )}S^{(\pm )})+`$ (17)
$`\gamma _\pm (+\mathrm{\Phi }^{(SM)}S^{(\pm )})(+S^{(\pm )}\mathrm{\Phi }^{(SM)})]+[\delta _S(+\mathrm{\Phi }^{(SM)}S^{(+)})(+\mathrm{\Phi }^{(SM)}S^{()})+h.c.],`$
$`V(\mathrm{\Phi }^{(SM)},F)=m_F^{(0)2}{\displaystyle \underset{j}{}}(+F_jF_j)+\beta _F(+\mathrm{\Phi }^{(SM)}\mathrm{\Phi }^{(SM)}){\displaystyle \underset{j}{}}(+F_jF_j)+`$ (18)
$`\gamma _F{\displaystyle \underset{j}{}}(+\mathrm{\Phi }^{(SM)}F_j)(+F_j\mathrm{\Phi }^{(SM)})+[\delta _F{\displaystyle \underset{j}{}}(+\mathrm{\Phi }^{(SM)}F_j)(+\mathrm{\Phi }^{(SM)}F_j)+h.c.],`$
where $`m_F^{(0)2}`$ and $`m_\pm ^{(0)2}`$ are the parameters of squared mass dimension and $`\beta _\pm ,`$ $`\gamma _\pm ,`$ $`\delta _S,`$ $`\beta _F,`$ $`\gamma _F,`$ $`\delta _F`$ are the dimensionless coupling constants. After symmetry breaking the potentials (17), (18) give the mass matrix of the down scalar leptoquarks $`(S_2^{(+)},S_2^{()})`$

$`M=\left(\begin{array}{cc}M_{11}& M_{12}\\ M_{21}& M_{22}\end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{array}{cc}m_+^2+\gamma _+\eta ^2/2& \delta _S\eta ^2/2\\ \delta _S\eta ^2/2& m_{}^2+\gamma _{}\eta ^2/2\end{array}\right)`$ (23)
and the relations for the masses of the scalar gluons

$`m_{\varphi _1,\varphi _2}^2`$ $`=`$ $`m_{F_1}^2+\gamma _F\eta ^2/2\pm \delta _F\eta ^2,`$ (24)
where $`\eta =\sqrt{\eta _2^2+\eta _3^2}`$ is the Standard Model VEV.

For the case of real $`\delta _S`$ from the mass matrix (23) we have the masses of the scalar leptoquarks with electric charge 2/3 and mixing angle in the form

$`m_{1,2}^2`$ $`=`$ $`M_{11,22}\left[2M_{12}\mathrm{cos}\theta \mathrm{sin}\theta +(M_{11}M_{22})\mathrm{sin}^2\theta \right],`$ (25)
$`\mathrm{tan}2\theta `$ $`=`$ $`2M_{12}/(M_{11}M_{22}).`$ (26)
For the stability of the vacuum the coupling constants in the scalar potential are supposed below to satisfy some conditions ensuring the positiveness of the total scalar potential

$`V(\mathrm{\Phi }^{(SM)},S)+V(\mathrm{\Phi }^{(SM)},F)+\lambda _{SM}(+\mathrm{\Phi }^{(SM)}\mathrm{\Phi }^{(SM)})^2+`$
$`{\displaystyle \underset{+,}{}}\lambda _\pm (+S^{(\pm )}S^{(\pm )})^2+\lambda _F({\displaystyle \underset{j}{}}(+F_jF_j))^2>0.`$ (27)
Below we regard the parameters

$`m_1,m_2,m_{\varphi _2},\gamma _+,\gamma _{},\delta _S,\gamma _F,\delta _F`$ (28)
as the fitting parameters and find the masses $`m_+,m_{},m_{\varphi _1},m_{F_1}`$ and the mixing angle from (23) - (26) and then calculate the contributions (Bounds  on scalar leptoquark and scalar gluon masses  from S, T, U in the minimal four color symmetry model) - (Bounds  on scalar leptoquark and scalar gluon masses  from S, T, U in the minimal four color symmetry model), (14) - (16) of the scalar doublets into $`S,T,U`$. Notice that for validity of the perturbation theory the coupling constants in the potentials (17), (18), (27) cannot be too large and this circumstance bounds the allowed region of the fitting masses and mixing angle in the formulas (Bounds  on scalar leptoquark and scalar gluon masses  from S, T, U in the minimal four color symmetry model) - (Bounds  on scalar leptoquark and scalar gluon masses  from S, T, U in the minimal four color symmetry model), (14) - (16). We suppose below that all the coupling constants in (17), (18), (27) do not exceed some maximal value $`\lambda _{max}`$ ensuring the validity of perturbation theory. In the further numerical analysis we restrict ourselves by the values of $`\lambda _{max}`$ from the region $`\lambda _{max}=1.04.0`$ which give the reasonable values of the perturbation theory expansion parameter of order $`\lambda _{max}/4\pi =0.10.3`$.

We have carried out the numerical analysis of the contributions (Bounds  on scalar leptoquark and scalar gluon masses  from S, T, U in the minimal four color symmetry model) - (Bounds  on scalar leptoquark and scalar gluon masses  from S, T, U in the minimal four color symmetry model), (14) - (16) using the current experimental values of $`S,T,U`$ induced by a new physics

$`S_{new}^{exp}`$ $`=`$ $`0.03\pm 0.11(0.08),`$
$`T_{new}^{exp}`$ $`=`$ $`0.02\pm 0.13(+0.09),`$ (29)
$`U_{new}^{exp}`$ $`=`$ $`\mathrm{\hspace{0.33em}\hspace{0.33em}\hspace{0.33em}0.24}\pm 0.13(+0.01),`$
where the central values assume $`m_H=115GeV`$ and the change for $`m_H=300GeV`$ is shown in parentheses.

Varying the fitting parameters (28) we minimize $`\chi ^2`$ defined as

$$\chi ^2=\frac{(SS_{new}^{exp})^2}{(\mathrm{\Delta }S)^2}+\frac{(TT_{new}^{exp})^2}{(\mathrm{\Delta }T)^2}+\frac{(UU_{new}^{exp})^2}{(\mathrm{\Delta }U)^2},$$

where $`S=S^{(LQ)}+S^{(F)}`$, $`T=T^{(LQ)}+T^{(F)}`$, $`U=U^{(LQ)}+U^{(F)}`$ and $`S^{(LQ)}`$, $`T^{(LQ)}`$, $`U^{(LQ)}`$ and $`S^{(F)}`$, $`T^{(F)}`$, $`U^{(F)}`$ are the contributions (Bounds  on scalar leptoquark and scalar gluon masses  from S, T, U in the minimal four color symmetry model) - (Bounds  on scalar leptoquark and scalar gluon masses  from S, T, U in the minimal four color symmetry model) and (14) - (16). $`\mathrm{\Delta }S,\mathrm{\Delta }T,\mathrm{\Delta }U`$ are the experimental errors in (29).

To clear up the possible effect of the scalar leptoquark and scalar gluon doublets on $`S,T,U`$ we vary the masses of these particles so that

$`m_1,m_2,m_\pm ,m_{F_1},m_{\varphi _1},m_{\varphi _2}m_{scalar}^{lower},`$ (30)
where $`m_{scalar}^{lower}`$ is a lower limit on the masses of these particles. After minimization of $`\chi ^2`$ under condition (30) we have analysed the dependence of $`\chi _{min}^2`$ on this lower limit $`m_{scalar}^{lower}`$ and on upper limit $`\lambda _{max}`$ on the coupling constants of the scalar potential.

The Fig.1 and Fig.2 show $`\chi _{min}^2(m_{scalar}^{lower},\lambda _{max})`$ as a function of the lower limit $`m_{scalar}^{lower}`$ for $`m_H=115GeV`$ and for $`m_H=300GeV`$ respectively by the curves $`a(b)`$ for $`\lambda _{max}=1.0(4.0)`$ for the case without scalar leptoquark mixing ($`\theta =0`$, this case is slightly preferred by $`\chi ^2`$ minimum ). The horizontal lines denote $`\chi _{SM}^2=3.5`$ and $`\chi _{SM}^2=5.0`$ of the compatibility of the SM zero values of $`S,T,U`$ with the experimental data (29) at $`m_H=115GeV`$ and $`m_H=300GeV`$ respectively.

As seen from the Figs.1,2 the lower limit $`m_{scalar}^{lower}`$ on the masses of the scalar leptoguarks and of the scalar gluons is allowed by data (29) to vary within wide limits from high values when the contributions from these particles into $`S,T,U`$ are negligibly small to values of order of $`1TeV`$ or less. It is interesting that in both cases the more light particles agree with the data (29) even slightly better than in the SM. For $`m_H=115GeV`$ (Fig.1) such slight improvement of the agreement takes place for $`m_{scalar}^{lower}<400GeV`$ whereas in the case of $`m_H=300GeV`$ (Fig.2) such improvement is seen in all the region of the lightest masses of order of 1 TeV or less and it is more appreciable also for $`m_{scalar}^{lower}<400GeV`$. In particular the scalar leptoquarks with the lightest masses of order of $`m_{scalar}^{lower}<300GeV`$ (and for $`\lambda _{max}=4.0`$ ) are compatible with the data (29) at $`\chi ^2<3.1(3.2)`$ for $`m_H=115(300)GeV`$ in comparison with $`\chi _{SM}^2=3.5(5.0)`$ in the SM. The mass of the lightest scalar gluon in this case is expected to be $`m_{\varphi _2}<850(720)GeV`$.

The slight improvement for $`400GeVm_{scalar}^{lower}1TeV`$ is caused by the sufficient contributions which are given by the scalar leptoquark and scalar gluon doublets into $`S`$ and $`T`$, the contributions into $`U`$ in this case are negligibly small. For the more light particles ($`m_{scalar}^{lower}<400GeV`$ ) the light scalar leptoquark doublets give the more noticeable contribution into $`U`$ with the simultaneous cancellation of their relatively large contributions into $`S`$ and $`T`$ with those from the scalar gluon doublets. As a result the more appreciable agreement with the data (29) is achieved.

For example the scalar leptoquarks and gluons with the masses

$`m_{5/3}=330GeV,m_{1/3}=430GeV,m_{F_1}=850GeV,`$
$`m_{2/3}=250GeV,m_{2/3}^{}=250GeV,m_{\varphi _1}=1040GeV,m_{\varphi _2}=770GeV,`$ (31)
give the contributions

$`S^{(LQ)}`$ $`=`$ $`0.07,T^{(LQ)}=2.03,U^{(LQ)}=0.02,`$
$`S^{(F)}`$ $`=`$ $`0.03,T^{(F)}=2.05,U^{(F)}=310^3,`$
$`S`$ $`=`$ $`0.04,T=0.02,U=0.02,`$
which agree with (29) for $`m_H=115GeV`$ with $`\chi ^2=2.9`$ (in comparison with $`\chi ^2=3.5`$ of the SM).

In a similar way for the masses

$`m_{5/3}=430GeV,m_{1/3}=430GeV,m_{F_1}=650GeV,`$
$`m_{2/3}=250GeV,m_{2/3}^{}=250GeV,m_{\varphi _1}=890GeV,m_{\varphi _2}=550GeV,`$ (32)
we obtain the contributions

$`S^{(LQ)}`$ $`=`$ $`0.17,T^{(LQ)}=3.39,U^{(LQ)}=0.04,`$
$`S^{(F)}`$ $`=`$ $`0.05,T^{(F)}=3.32,U^{(F)}=0.01,`$
$`S`$ $`=`$ $`0.12,T=0.07,U=0.03,`$
which agree with the data (29) for $`m_H=300GeV`$ with $`\chi ^2=2.9`$ (in comparison with $`\chi ^2=5.0`$ of the SM).

The lightest scalar leptoquark masses in (31), (32) are compatible with the experimental limits resulting from the direct search for the leptoquarks. The most stringent of these limits are resulted from the pair production and for the scalar leptoquarks of the first generation they give

$`m_{LQ}>225GeV,\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}204}GeV,\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}79}GeV`$ (33)
under assuming the branching ratios $`B(eq)=1,\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}0.5},\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}0}`$ respectively.

It should be noted that in the model under consideration the coupling constants of the scalar leptoquark doublets with the fermions ( and those of the scalar gluon doublets ) are proportional to the ratios of the fermion masses to the SM VEV $`\eta =246GeV`$ ( the general form of this interaction can be found in ref. ) and for ordinary quarks these coupling constants are small. The dominant decay modes of such leptoquarks are the modes with heavy quarks ( predominantly with t-quark ) whereas the branching ratio for the first generation is small $`0<B(eq)0.5`$. So the lower experimental limit on the masses of such scalar leptoquarks can be near the lowest value in (33), the masses $`m_{1/3},m_{5/3}`$ of the other scalar leptoquarks are in this case compatible with other experimental limits ( including those for the second and for the third generations ) resulting from the direct search for leptoquarks.

It should be noted also that the light scalar leptoquarks can be also compatible with the indirect leptoquark mass limits resulting from the rare decays of $`K_L^0\mu e`$ type. Due to the smallness of the coupling constants of the scalar leptoquark interaction with d- and s- quarks the contributions of the scalar leptoquarks into $`K_L^0\mu e`$ width can be sufficiently small to satisfy the stringent experimental limit $`Br(K_L^0\mu e)<4.710^{12}`$  on the branching ratio of this decay, even for the relatively light masses of the scalar leptoquarks.

Thus, the current direct and indirect mass limits for leptoquarks do not exclude the relative light scalar leptoquark doublets considered here whereas the experimental data on $`S,T,U`$ not only allow the existence of such particles but even slightly prefer them to have the masses of order of $`m_{scalar}^{lower}<400GeV`$. The search for such scalar leptoquarks and scalar gluons in the processes with heavy quarks ( predominantly with t-quark ) at LHC is of interest.

It should be noted that the presence of the so light new particles can also affect the new physics at high energies. In particular these particles can affect the gauge coupling constant unufication in GUT approaches. As known the SM without any new physics up to the GUT mass scale $`M_{GUT}`$ (”grand desert”) do not unify three coupling constants at any mass scale. But such a unification can be possible if an intermediate new physics below $`M_{GUT}`$ (such as the four color symmetry physics with mass scale $`M_c`$) is assumed. For example in the model under consideration in the case of the scalar sector containing, for simplicity, only the standard Higgs doublet and the (4,1,1) multiplet with VEV $`\eta _1M_c10^{11}÷10^{12}GeV`$ all three coupling constants do converge in one point at $`M_{GUT}10^{14}÷10^{15}GeV`$ with $`\alpha _3(M_{GUT})=\alpha _2(M_{GUT})=\alpha _1(M_{GUT})\alpha _{GUT}0.023.`$ The account of the scalar leptoquark and scalar gluon doublets gives the additional contributions $`\mathrm{\Delta }b_3=8/3,\mathrm{\Delta }b_2=7/3,\mathrm{\Delta }b_1=37/15`$ into the factors $`b_i`$ which define the mass scale evolution of the running coupling constants $`\alpha _i(\mu )`$ through the beta functions $`\beta _i`$ of the one loop approximation, $`i=3,2,1.`$ These contributions together with the SM factors $`b_3^{SM}=7,b_2^{SM}=19/6,b_1^{SM}=41/10`$ and with the corresponding contributions (for $`M_c<\mu <M_{GUT}`$) from the (4,1,1) scalar and from the vector leptoqurks determine the mass scale evolution of $`\alpha _i(\mu )`$ from $`\mu 1TeV`$ to $`\mu M_{GUT}`$. The analysys shows that in this case all three coupling constants $`\alpha _i(\mu )`$ do also converge in one point if $`M_c10^{10}÷10^{11}GeV`$ and $`M_{GUT}10^{14}÷10^{15}GeV`$ with $`\alpha _{GUT}0.029`$. As seen the presence of the relatively light scalar leptoquark and scalar gluon doublets (with mases below 1 TeV) lowers the four color symmetry mass scale $`M_c`$ and increases the value of the unified coupling constant $`\alpha _{GUT}`$, leaving the GUT mass scale $`M_{GUT}`$ practically unchanged.

As mentioned above the scalar multiplets (1,2,1,) and (15,2,1) were introduced to give the Dirac masses to the fermions and to split the masses of the quarks from those of the leptons by the Higgs mechanism. The general form of Yukawa interaction of these doublets with the fermions makes the fermion masses to be arbitrary as they are in the SM. The lightness of neutrinos can be ensured by the smallness of their Dirac masses due to the smallness of the corresponding Yukawa coupling constants or, more naturally, by the smallness of their Majorana masses due to the seesaw mechanism. In the latter case the necessary large Majorana mass term of the right neutrinos can be generated by the interaction of the right fermions with an additional $`(\overline{10},1,2)`$ scalar multiplet with the large VEV of order of $`M_c`$.

In conclusion we resume the results of the work.

The contributions into radiative correction S-, T- ,U- parameters from the scalar leptoquark and scalar gluon doublets are investigated in the minimal model with the four color symmetry, accounting the Higgs mechanism of generating the masses of these particles. It is shown that the current experimental data on S, T, U allow the existence of the relatively light scalar leptoquarks and scalar gluons (with masses of order of 1 TeV or less), the more light particles (with masses below 400 GeV) are preferred and agree with these data better than in the Standard Model.

In particular the scalar leptoquarks with the masses of order of $`m_{scalar}^{lower}<300GeV`$ are shown to be compatible with current data on S, T, U for $`m_H=115(300)GeV`$ with $`\chi ^2<3.1(3.2)`$ (in comparison with $`\chi ^2=3.5(5.0)`$ of the SM). The lightest scalar gluon in this case is expected to lie below $`850(720)GeV.`$

We emphasize the possible significance of such particles in the top-quark physics at LHC.

Acknowledgments

The work was partially supported by the Programme ”Universities of Russia – Basic Research” of Ministry of Education under grant 02.01.25 and by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under grant 00-02-17883. I thank A.V. Povarov for the help in preparing the computer programme of numerical calculations.

Figure captions

> Fig. 1. $`\chi _{min}^2(m_{scalar}^{lower},\lambda _{max})`$ as a function of the lower limit $`m_{scalar}^{lower}`$ on the masses of the scalar particles for $`m_H=115GeV`$ at $`\lambda _{max}=1.0(a)`$ and $`\lambda _{max}=4.0(b)`$.
>
> Fig. 2. $`\chi _{min}^2(m_{scalar}^{lower},\lambda _{max})`$ as a function of the lower limit $`m_{scalar}^{lower}`$ on the masses of the scalar particles for $`m_H=300GeV`$ at $`\lambda _{max}=1.0(a)`$ and $`\lambda _{max}=4.0(b)`$.

A.D. Smirnov, Physics Letters B

Fig. 1

A.D. Smirnov, Physics Letters B

Fig. 2