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# 𝐶₂-cofiniteness of the vertex operator algebra 𝑉_𝐿⁺ when 𝐿 is a rank one lattice

## 1. Introduction

A vertex operator algebra (VOA) $`V`$ is said to be $`C_2`$ cofinite if the subspace $`\{u_2v|u,vV\}`$ has finite codimension in $`V`$. This is often call the $`C_2`$ condition and was first introduced in \[Z\] by Zhu who used it to prove the convergence of the trace function of a certain kind of VOA-modules. This seemingly abstract condition is satisfied by most known VOAs, and has played an important role in the representation theory of VOAs and the study of the structure of their modules. In particular, under this condition, it is possible to establish the existence of twisted modules (see \[DLM1\]). Furthermore, for holomorphic VOAs, it was shown in \[DLM1\] that the $`C_2`$ condition implies the uniqueness of twisted $`V`$-modules. It was also used, in \[KL\], to show that every irreducible admissible twisted $`V`$-module is an ordinary twisted $`V`$-module. Most recently, the $`C_2`$ condition was shown to imply the finiteness of the generating sets of a given VOA and its modules (see \[GN, Bu\]).

A VOA $`V`$ is called rational if any $`V`$-module is completely reducible. Understanding the representation theory of rational VOAs is one of the major problems in the field and it seems that here too the $`C_2`$ condition will play an important role. In fact, it has been conjectured that rationality and $`C_2`$-cofiniteness are equivalent. Indeed, in \[L\], Li showed that any regular vertex operator algebra satisfies the $`C_2`$ condition.

If the central charge is less than 1, the representations of rational VOAs have been completely understood because the sub-VOAs generated by the Virasoro elements have been completely classified (see \[DMZ, W\]). Hence, the first nontrivial case, is when the central charge is 1. Let $`L`$ be a rank one positive definite even lattice. It is well known that the corresponding VOA $`V_L`$ has an order 2 automorphism $`\theta `$ which is induced from the -1 isometry of the lattice. The $`\theta `$-invariant sub-VOA $`V_L^+`$ is a simple VOA (see \[DM\]). It has been conjectured that every rational VOAs of central charge 1 is of the form $`V_L`$, $`V_L^+`$ and $`V_{L_2}^G`$, where $`L_2`$ is a root lattice of type $`A_1`$, $`G`$ is a finite subgroup of $`SO(3)`$ of type $`E`$, and $`V_{L_2}^G`$ is a $`G`$-invariant sub-VOA of $`V_{L_2}`$. The representation theory of $`V_L`$ is completely understood. In fact, $`V_L`$ is rational (see \[Bo, FLM, D1, DLM3\]). Therefore, in order to characterize the rationality of vertex operator algebras with central charge 1, one has to understand $`V_L^+`$ and $`V_{L_2}^G`$. To this end, Dong and Nagatomo classified the irreducible modules for $`V_L^+`$ (see \[DN2\]). In this paper, we take a step towards achieving this goal by showing that $`V_L^+`$ satisfies the $`C_2`$ condition.

Let $`L=\alpha `$ be an even lattice with a non-degenerate integral bilinear form $`,`$ such that $`\alpha ,\alpha =2k`$, where $`k`$ is a positive integer. When $`k=1,2`$, $`C_2`$-cofiniteness is a consequence of the fact that $`V_L^+`$ is isomorphic to VOAs which are known to be $`C_2`$ cofinite. More specifically, when $`k=1`$, $`V_L^+`$ is isomorphic to a particular lattice VOA (see \[DG\]), and when $`k=2`$ it is isomorphic to $`L(1/2,0)L(1/2,0)`$ (see \[DGH\]). The proof that these VOAs are $`C_2`$ cofinite is available in \[DLM1\].

Here we consider the case $`k3`$ and establish $`C_2`$ cofiniteness in the following way. First we show that $`V_L^++C_2(V_L^+)`$ is generated by $`M(1)^++V_L^+(1)+C_2(V_L^+)`$ where $`V_L^+(1)=M(1)^+(e^\alpha +e^\alpha )M(1)^{}(e^\alpha e^\alpha )`$. Then we use information about the bases of $`M(1)^+`$ and $`V_L^+(1)`$ to show that $`(M(1)^++C_2(V_L^+))/C_2(V_L^+)`$ and $`(V_L^+(1)+C_2(V_L^+))/C_2(V_L^+)`$ have finite dimension. This implies that $`V_L^+`$ is $`C_2`$ cofinite.

The paper is organized as follows. In section $`2`$, we review the definitions of a vertex operator algebra, its automorphisms, and its twisted modules. We discuss the definition the cofiniteness $`C_n`$ condition and the algebra of $`V/C_2(V)`$. We also recall the construction of $`A_n(V)`$ for a nonnegative integer $`n`$. In section $`3`$, we review the construction of vertex operator algebras $`V_L^+`$, its irreducible modules and discuss the cofiniteness $`C_2`$ condition of $`V_L^+`$ when $`k=1,2`$. In section $`4`$, we show that $`V_L^+/C_2(V_L^+)`$ is spanned by the subspace $`M(1)^++V_L^+(1)+C_2(V_L^+)`$. Finally, we show that $`V_L^+`$ is $`C_2`$ cofinite in section $`5`$.

## 2. Vertex operator algebras and $`C_2`$ condition

We review definitions of a vertex operator algebra, its automorphisms, and its twisted modules. We also discuss the definition of the cofiniteness $`C_n`$ condition and the algebra of $`V/C_2(V)`$. We recall from \[DLM2\] the construction of $`A_n(V)`$ for a nonnegative integer $`n`$.

For a vector space $`W`$, we let $`W[[z,z^1]]`$ be the space of $`W`$-valued formal series in arbitrary integral powers of $`z`$.

###### Definition 2.1.

\[Bo, FLM, FHL\] A vertex operator algebra (or VOA) is a $``$-graded vector space

$$V=_nV_n;$$

such that

(1) $`dimV_n`$ $`<`$ $`\mathrm{}\text{ and}`$
(2) $`V_n`$ $`=`$ $`0\text{ if}n\text{is  sufficiently  small.}`$
Moreover, there is a linear map

(3)
$$\begin{array}{c}V(\text{End}V)[[z,z^1]]\hfill \\ vY(v,z)=\underset{n}{}v_nz^{n1}(v_n\text{End}V)\hfill \end{array}$$

and with two distinguished vectors $`\mathrm{𝟏}V_0`$, $`\omega V_2`$ satisfying the following conditions for $`u,vV`$:

(4) $`u_nv`$ $`=`$ $`0\text{for}n\text{sufficiently large};`$
(5) $`Y(\mathrm{𝟏},z)`$ $`=`$ $`1;`$
(6) $`Y(v,z)\mathrm{𝟏}V[[z]]`$ and $`\underset{z0}{lim}Y(v,z)\mathrm{𝟏}=v;`$
(7)
$$\begin{array}{c}z_0^1\delta \left(\frac{z_1z_2}{z_0}\right)Y(u,z_1)Y(v,z_2)z_0^1\delta \left(\frac{z_2z_1}{z_0}\right)Y(v,z_2)Y(u,z_1)\\ =z_2^1\delta \left(\frac{z_1z_0}{z_2}\right)Y(Y(u,z_0)v,z_2)\end{array}$$

(Jacobi identity) where $`\delta (z)={\displaystyle \underset{n}{}}z^n`$ is the algebraic formulation of the $`\delta `$-function at 1, and all binomial expressions are to be expanded in nonnegative integral powers of the second variable;

(8)
$$[L(m),L(n)]=(mn)L(m+n)+\frac{1}{12}(m^3m)\delta _{m+n,0}(\text{rank}V)$$

for $`m,n,`$ where

(9)
$$L(n)=\omega _{n+1}\text{for}n,\text{i.e.},Y(\omega ,z)=\underset{n}{}L(n)z^{n2}$$

and

(10) $`\text{rank}V;`$
(11) $`L(0)v=nv=(\text{wt}v)v\text{for}vV_n(n);`$
(12) $`{\displaystyle \frac{d}{dz}}Y(v,z)=Y(L(1)v,z).`$
We denote the vertex operator algebra just defined by $`(V,Y,\mathrm{𝟏},\omega )`$ (or briefly, by $`V`$). The series $`Y(v,z)`$ are called vertex operators.

###### Definition 2.2.

A VOA $`V`$ is of CFT type if $`V=_{n0}V_n`$ and $`V_0=\mathrm{𝟏}`$.

###### Definition 2.3.

An automorphism of $`(V,Y,\mathrm{𝟏},\omega )`$ is a linear map $`g`$: $`VV`$ satisfying

$`gY(v,z)g^1`$ $`=`$ $`Y(gv,z),vV,`$
$`g\mathrm{𝟏}`$ $`=`$ $`\mathrm{𝟏},`$
$`g\omega `$ $`=`$ $`\omega .`$
For $`g`$, an automorphism of the VOA $`V`$ of order $`T`$, we denote the decomposition of $`V`$ into eigenspaces with respect to the action of $`g`$ as $`V=_{r=0}^{T1}V^r`$ where $`V^r=\{vV|gv=e^{2\pi ir/T}v\}`$. For a vector space $`W`$, we denote the space of $`W`$-valued formal series in arbitrary complex powers of $`z`$ by $`W\{z\}`$.

###### Definition 2.4.

A weak $`g`$-twisted $`V`$-module $`M`$ is a vector space equipped with a linear map

(13)
$$\begin{array}{c}V(\text{End}M)\{z\}\hfill \\ vY_M(v,z)=\underset{n}{}v_nz^{n1}(v_n\mathrm{End}M)\hfill \end{array}$$

satisfying axioms analogous to (4), (5) and (7). To describe these, we let $`uV^r`$, $`vV`$ and $`wM`$. Then

(14) $`Y_M(u,z)={\displaystyle \underset{nr/T+}{}}u_nz^{n1};`$
(15) $`u_nw=0\text{for}n\text{sufficiently large};`$
(16) $`Y_M(\mathrm{𝟏},z)=1;`$
(17)
$$\begin{array}{c}z_0^1\delta \left(\frac{z_1z_2}{z_0}\right)Y_M(u,z_1)Y_M(v,z_2)z_0^1\delta \left(\frac{z_2z_1}{z_0}\right)Y_M(v,z_2)Y_M(u,z_1)\\ =z_2^1\left(\frac{z_1z_0}{z_2}\right)^{r/T}\delta \left(\frac{z_1z_0}{z_2}\right)Y_M(Y(u,z_0)v,z_2).\end{array}$$

We denote this module by $`(M,Y_M),`$ or briefly by $`M`$. Equation (17) is called the twisted Jacobi identity. If $`g`$ is the identity element, this reduces to the definition of a weak $`V`$-module and (17) is the untwisted Jacobi identity .

###### Definition 2.5.

An ordinary $`g`$-twisted $`V`$-module is a weak $`g`$-twisted $`V`$-module $`M`$ which carries a $``$-grading induced by the spectrum of $`L(0)`$. Then

$$M=\underset{\lambda }{}M_\lambda $$

where $`M_\lambda =\{wM|L(0)w=\lambda w\},`$ dim $`M_\lambda <\mathrm{}.`$ Moreover, for fixed $`\lambda ,M_{\frac{n}{T}+\lambda }=0`$ for all small enough integers $`n.`$

###### Definition 2.6.

An admissible $`g`$-twisted $`V`$-module is a weak $`g`$-twisted $`V`$-module $`M`$ which carries a $`\frac{1}{T}_+`$ grading $`M=_{n\frac{1}{T}_+}M(n)`$ satisfying the following condition:

$$v_mM(n)M(n+\mathrm{wt}vm1)$$

for homogeneous $`vV.`$ Here, $`_+`$ is the set of nonnegative integers.

###### Remark 2.7.

The notion of admissible $`g`$-twisted $`V`$-module here is equivalent to the notion of a module in \[Z\] when $`g`$ is the identity element.

###### Lemma 2.8.

\[DLM4\] Any $`g`$-twisted $`V`$-module is an admissible $`g`$-twisted $`V`$-module.

So, there is a natural identification of the category of $`g`$-twisted $`V`$-modules with a sub-category of the category of admissible $`g`$-twisted $`V`$-modules.

###### Definition 2.9.

$`V`$ is called rational if every admissible $`V`$-module is a direct sum of irreducible admissible $`V`$-modules.

###### Definition 2.10.

$`V`$ is called regular if every weak $`V`$-module is a direct sum of irreducible ordinary $`V`$-modules.

###### Corollary 2.11.

If $`V`$ is a regular VOA then $`V`$ is a rational VOA.

We now recall the definition of the $`C_n`$-condition and discuss about the algebra of $`V/C_2(V)`$.

###### Definition 2.12.

For a VOA $`V`$, we define

$$C_n(V)=\{v_nu|v,uV\}.$$

$`V`$ is said to satisfy the cofiniteness $`C_n`$ condition if $`V/C_n(V)`$ is finite dimensional.

###### Remark 2.13.

For the case $`n=2`$, it was introduced by Zhu (see \[Z\]).

The following lemma is a consequence of a definition 2.1.

###### Lemma 2.14.

1) $`L(1)uC_2(V)`$ for all $`uV`$.

2) $`v_nuC_2(V)`$ for all $`u,vV`$, and $`n2`$.

Proof: Part 1), it follows from the fact that $`L(1)u=u_2\mathrm{𝟏}`$ for all $`uV`$.

Part 2), it follows from the fact that $`(L(1)^mv)_2=(m+1)!v_{m2}`$. $`\mathrm{}`$

###### Remark 2.15.

$`C_2(V)=_{n2}C_n(V).`$

Next, we discuss the algebra of $`V/C_2(V)`$. For a VOA $`V`$, we consider the $`(1)^{st}`$ product

$`V\times V`$ $``$ $`V`$
$`a\times b`$ $``$ $`ab=a_1b.`$
By using the Jacobi Identity, we obtain the following.

###### Theorem 2.16.

\[Z\]

1) $`C_2(V)`$ is an ideal of $`V`$ with respect to the $`(1)^{st}`$ product.

2) $`V/C_2(V)`$ is a commutative associative algebra under $`(1)^{st}`$ product.

###### Theorem 2.17.

\[GN\] Let $`U=\{u^i\}_{iI}`$ be a set of homogeneous elements in $`V`$ which are representatives of a basis of $`V/C_2(V)`$. Then $`V`$ is spanned by elements of the form

$$u_{n_1}^{i_1}u_{n_2}^{i_2}\mathrm{}u_{n_l}^{i_l}\mathrm{𝟏}$$

where $`n_1>n_2>\mathrm{}>n_l>0`$ and $`u^{i_j}U`$.

###### Theorem 2.18.

\[GN\] Let $`V`$ be a VOA of CFT-type. If $`V/C_2(V)`$ is finite dimensional, then $`V/C_n(V)`$ is finite dimensional for $`n2`$.

We review the associative algebra $`A_n(V)`$ constructed in \[DLM2\].

###### Definition 2.19.

Let $`n`$ be a nonnegative integer. We define

$$O_n(V)=u_nv,L(1)u+L(0)u|\text{homogeneous}u,vV.$$

Here $`u_nv=\mathrm{Res}_zY(u,z)v\frac{(1+z)^{\mathrm{wt}u+n}}{z^{2n+2}}.`$ Also, we define a product $`_n`$ on $`V`$ for $`u,v`$ as above;

$$u_nv=\underset{m=0}{\overset{n}{}}(1)^m\left(\begin{array}{c}m+n\\ n\end{array}\right)\mathrm{Res}_zY(u,z)v\frac{(1+z)^{\mathrm{wt}u+n}}{z^{n+m+1}}.$$

Set $`A_n(V)=V/O_n(V)`$.

###### Theorem 2.20.

\[DLM2\]

1) $`O_n(V)`$ is a 2-sided ideal of $`V`$ under $`_n`$.

2) $`A_n(V)`$ is an associative algebra under $`_n`$ with the identity $`\mathrm{𝟏}+O_n(V)`$. Moreover, $`\omega +O_n(V)`$ is a central element of $`A_n(V)`$.

###### Remark 2.21.

$`A_0(V)`$ is an $`A(V)`$ in \[Z\] and it was first introduced by Zhu (see \[Z\]).

###### Theorem 2.22.

\[Bu\] If $`V`$ is a simple VOA that satisfies the $`C_2`$ condition, then the associative algebra $`A_n(V)`$ is finite dimensional for all $`n0`$.

## 3. Vertex operator algebra $`V_L^+`$

In this section, we briefly review the construction of $`V_L^+`$, its irreducible modules and discuss the $`C_2`$ condition of the VOA $`V_L^+`$ when $`k=1,2`$.

We are working in the setting of \[FLM, DL1\]. Let $`L=\alpha `$ be an even lattice with a non-degenerate integral bilinear form $`,`$ such that $`\alpha ,\alpha =2k`$. Here, $`k`$ is a positive integer. Set $`𝐡=_{}L`$ and extend the form $`,`$ from $`L`$ to $`𝐡`$ by $``$-bilinearity. Let $`\widehat{𝐡}=𝐡[t,t^1]c`$ be the affinization of $`𝐡`$. Therefore, $`\widehat{𝐡}`$ is a Lie algebra with commutator relations:

$`[ht^m,h^{}t^n]`$ $`=`$ $`m\delta _{m+n,0}h,h^{}c\text{for}h,h^{}𝐡,m,n;`$
$`[\widehat{𝐡},c]`$ $`=`$ $`0.`$
For $`h𝐡,n`$, we use the notation $`h(n)`$ to denote $`ht^n`$. Set

$$\widehat{𝐡}^+=𝐡t[t],\widehat{𝐡}^{}=𝐡t^1[t^1].$$

Hence, $`\widehat{𝐡}^+`$, $`\widehat{𝐡}^{}`$ are abelian subalgebra of $`\widehat{𝐡}`$.

For a Lie algebra $`𝐠`$, we let $`U(𝐠)`$ be the universal enveloping algebra of $`𝐠`$. Consider the induced $`\widehat{𝐡}`$-module

$$M(1)=U(\widehat{𝐡})_{U(𝐡[t]c)},$$

where $`𝐡[t]`$ acts trivially on $``$ and $`c`$ acts on $``$ as multiplication by 1. We set $`[L]`$ to be a group algebra of $`L`$ with a basis $`\{e^\beta |\beta L\}`$. Let $`z`$ be a formal variable and $`h𝐡`$. We define actions of $`h`$ and $`z^h`$ on $`[L]`$ in the following ways:

$`he^\beta `$ $`=`$ $`h,\beta e^\beta ;`$
$`z^he^\beta `$ $`=`$ $`z^{h,\beta }e^\beta .`$
We let

$$V_L=M(1)[L].$$

$`L,\widehat{𝐡},z^h(h𝐡)`$ act naturally on $`V_L`$ by acting on either $`M(1)`$ or $`[L]`$ as indicated above. Next, we shall define the vertex operator $`Y(v,z)`$ for $`vV_L`$. For $`\beta L,\gamma ,\alpha _1,\mathrm{},\alpha _k𝐡,n_1,\mathrm{},n_k(n_i>0)`$, we set

$`\gamma (z)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{n}{}}\gamma (n)z^{n1},\text{where}\gamma (n)=\gamma t^n,`$
$`Y(e^\beta ,z)`$ $`=`$ $`exp\left({\displaystyle \underset{n=1}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{\beta (n)}{n}}z^n\right)exp\left({\displaystyle \underset{n=1}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{\beta (n)}{n}}z^n\right)e^\beta z^\beta ,`$
$`Y(v,z)`$ $`=`$ $`:\left({\displaystyle \frac{1}{(n_11)!}}\left({\displaystyle \frac{d}{dz}}\right)^{n_11}\alpha _1(z)\right)\mathrm{}\left({\displaystyle \frac{1}{(n_k1)!}}\left({\displaystyle \frac{d}{dz}}\right)^{n_k1}\alpha _k(z)\right)Y(e^\beta ,z):,`$
where $`v=\alpha _1(n_1)\mathrm{}\alpha _k(n_k)e^\beta `$. We use a normal ordering procedure, indicated by open colons, which signify that the enclosed expression is to be reordered if necessary so that all the operators $`\gamma (n),(\gamma 𝐡,n<0),e^\beta L`$ are to be placed to the left of all operators $`\alpha (n),z^\alpha ,(\alpha 𝐡,n0)`$ before the expression is evaluated. This gives a well defined linear map

$$\begin{array}{ccc}V_L\hfill & \hfill & (\mathrm{End}V_L)[[z,z^1]]\hfill \\ v\hfill & \hfill & Y(v,z)=\underset{n}{}v_nz^{n1}(v_n\mathrm{End}V_L).\hfill \end{array}$$

###### Theorem 3.1.

The space $`(V_L,Y,\mathrm{𝟏},\omega )`$ is a simple VOA with $`\omega =\frac{1}{4k}\alpha (1)^2`$ and $`\mathrm{𝟏}=11`$ ( see \[Bo, FLM\]).

Let $`L^{}=\{x𝐡|x,L\}`$ be the dual lattice of $`L`$. Hence, $`L^{}=\frac{1}{2k}L`$ and $`L^{}=_{i=0}^{2k1}(L+\frac{i}{2k}\alpha )`$ is a coset decomposition of $`L^{}`$ with respect to $`L`$.

###### Theorem 3.2.

1) The irreducible $`V_L`$-modules are

$$V_{L+\frac{i}{2k}\alpha }=M(1)[L+\frac{i}{2k}\alpha ]$$

where $`i=0,\mathrm{},2k1`$ (see \[D1\]).

2) $`V_L`$ is a rational vertex operator algebra (see \[DLM3\]).

We set

$$V_L^{}=\underset{i=0}{\overset{2k1}{}}V_{L+\frac{i}{2k}\alpha }.$$

Let $`\theta `$ be the linear automorphism of $`V_L^{}`$ such that $`\theta (ue^\gamma )=\theta (u)e^\gamma `$ for $`uM(1)`$ and $`\gamma L^{}`$. The action of $`\theta `$ on $`M(1)`$ is given by

$$\theta (\alpha _1(n_1)\mathrm{}\alpha _k(n_k))=(1)^k\alpha _1(n_1)\mathrm{}\alpha _k(n_k).$$

The restriction of $`\theta `$ to $`V_L`$ is a VOA automorphism. Let $`M`$ be an $`\theta `$-stable subspace of $`V_L`$. We denote $`\pm 1`$ eigenspaces by $`M^\pm `$, respectively. Note that $`M(1)^+`$ is a vertex operator subalgebra of $`V_L^+`$.

###### Theorem 3.3.

1) $`V_{L}^{}{}_{}{}^{+}`$ is a simple VOA (see \[DM\]).

2) Set $`J=\frac{1}{4k^2}\alpha (1)^4\mathrm{𝟏}\frac{1}{k}\alpha (3)\alpha (1)\mathrm{𝟏}+\frac{3}{4k}\alpha (2)^2\mathrm{𝟏}`$. Then $`V_L^+`$ is generated by $`\omega `$, $`e^\alpha +e^\alpha `$, and $`J`$ (see \[DG\]).

Let $`T_1,T_2`$ be $`_2`$-irreducible modules such that $`\alpha +2L`$ acts as scalars 1 and -1, respectively. We set

$$\widehat{𝐡}[1]=𝐡t^{1/2}[t,t^1]c.$$

Hence, $`\widehat{𝐡}[1]`$ is a Lie algebra with the commutator relation given by

$`[ht^m,h^{}t^n]`$ $`=`$ $`m\delta _{m+n,0}h,h^{}c\text{for}h,h^{}𝐡,m,n+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}};`$
$`[\widehat{𝐡},c]`$ $`=`$ $`0.`$
Moreover, $`\widehat{𝐡}[1]^+=𝐡t^{1/2}[t]c`$ is a subalgebra of $`\widehat{𝐡}[1]`$. We define the action of $`\widehat{𝐡}[1]^+`$ on $`T_i`$ $`(i=1,2)`$ by the actions

$$ht^{1/2+n}u=0\text{and}cu=u(h𝐡,n_0,uT_i).$$

For $`i=1,2`$, we set

$$V_L^{T_i}=U(\widehat{𝐡}[1])_{U(\widehat{𝐡}[1]^+)}T_i.$$

###### Lemma 3.4.

1) $`V_L^{T_i}`$ is the irreducible $`\theta `$-twisted $`V`$-module (see \[FLM\], \[DL2\]).

2) $`V_L^{T_i}(i=1,2)`$ are all irreducible $`\theta `$-twisted $`V_L`$-modules (see \[D2\]).

We define a linear operator $`\theta `$ on $`V_L^{T_i}`$: for $`\alpha _i𝐡,n_i\frac{1}{2}+,tT_i`$

$$\theta (\alpha _1(n_1)\mathrm{}\alpha _s(n_s)t=(1)^s\alpha _1(n_1)\mathrm{}\alpha _s(n_s)t.$$

In fact, $`\theta `$ is an automorphism of $`V_L^{T_i}`$. Then we have the decomposition

$$V_L^{T_i}=(V_L^{T_i})^+(V_L^{T_i})^{}.$$

###### Lemma 3.5.

\[FLM\] $`(V_L^{T_i})^\pm `$ are irreducible $`V_L^+`$-modules for $`i=1,2`$.

###### Theorem 3.6.

\[DN2\] $`\{V_L^\pm ,V_{L+\frac{\alpha }{2}}^\pm ,V_{L+\frac{r\alpha }{2k}}(V_L^{T_i})^\pm |i=1,2,1rk1\}`$ is the set of all inequivalent irreducible $`V_L^+`$-module.

###### Theorem 3.7.

\[DN2\] $`A(V_L^+)`$ is a semisimple algebra.

###### Lemma 3.8.

When $`k=1,2`$, $`V_L^+`$ satisfies the $`C_2`$-condition.

Proof: For $`k=1`$, $`V_L^+`$ is isomorphic to the lattice VOA $`V_L^{}`$ where $`L^{}`$ is a rank one positive definite lattice spanned by $`\beta `$ whose square length is 8 (see. \[DG\]). Since $`V_L^{}`$ satisfies the $`C_2`$-condition (see \[DLM1\]), this implies that $`V_L^+`$ satisfies the $`C_2`$-condition when $`k=1`$.

For $`k=2`$, $`V_L^+`$ is isomorphic to $`L(1/2,0)L(1/2,0)`$ where $`L(1/2,h)`$ is the irreducible highest weight module for the Virasoro algebra with central charge 1/2 and highest weight $`h`$ (see \[DGH\]). It was proved in \[DLM1\] that $`L(1/2,0)L(1/2,0)`$ satisfies the $`C_2`$ condition. Therefore, $`V_L^+`$ satisfies the $`C_2`$ condition.  $`\mathrm{}`$

## 4.  A spanning set of $`V_L^+/C_2(V_L^+)`$

For the rest of this paper, we assume $`k3`$. In this section, we show that $`V_L^+/C_2(V_L^+)`$ is generated by the subspace $`M(1)^++V_L^+(1)+C_2(V_L^+)`$. Here,

$$V_L^+(1)=M(1)^+(e^\alpha +e^\alpha )M(1)^{}(e^\alpha e^\alpha ).$$

Denote by $`_0`$ the set of nonnegative integers, by $`_{>0}`$ the set of positive integers. We recall that

$$\frac{1}{n!}\left(\frac{d}{dz}\right)^n\alpha (z)=\underset{j0}{}\left(\begin{array}{c}j1\\ n\end{array}\right)\alpha (j)z^{jn1}+\underset{jn1}{}\left(\begin{array}{c}j1\\ n\end{array}\right)\alpha (j)z^{jn1}$$

where $`\alpha (z)=_m\alpha (m)z^{m1}`$. For $`m_{>0}`$, we set

$`E^m`$ $`=`$ $`e^{m\alpha }+e^{m\alpha }\text{, and}`$
$`F^m`$ $`=`$ $`e^{m\alpha }e^{m\alpha }.`$
For convenience, we also set

$`E`$ $`=`$ $`E^1\text{, and}`$
$`F`$ $`=`$ $`F^1.`$
###### Remark 4.1.

$`\alpha (0)E^m=2kmF^m`$, and $`\alpha (0)F^m=2kmE^m`$.

We set

$`\mathrm{exp}\left({\displaystyle \underset{n=1}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{x_n}{n}}z^n\right)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}p_j(x_1,x_2,\mathrm{})z^j`$
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}p_j(x)z^j.`$
Then $`p_j(x)`$ are Schur polynomials. For $`m_{>0}`$, we let

$$V_L^+(m)=M(1)^+E^m+M(1)^{}F^m.$$

We will show that if $`m`$ is even, then $`V_L^+(m)M(1)^++C_2(V_L^+)`$, and if $`m`$ is odd, then $`V_L^+(m)V_L^+(1)+C_2(V_L^+)`$.

###### Lemma 4.2.

For $`m_{>0}`$, $`E^{2m}M(1)^++C_2(V_L^+)`$.

Proof: Since

$`Y(E^m,z)E^m`$ $`=`$ $`Y(e^{m\alpha },z)e^{m\alpha }+Y(e^{m\alpha },z)e^{m\alpha }+Y(e^{m\alpha },z)e^{m\alpha }+Y(e^{m\alpha },z)e^{m\alpha }`$
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}p_j(m\alpha )e^{2m\alpha }z^{2m^2k+j}+{\displaystyle \underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}p_j(m\alpha )z^{2m^2k+j}`$
$`+{\displaystyle \underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}p_j(m\alpha )z^{2m^2k+j}+{\displaystyle \underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}p_j(m\alpha )e^{2m\alpha }z^{2m^2k+j}`$
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}(p_j(m\alpha )e^{2m\alpha }+p_j(m\alpha )e^{2m\alpha })z^{2m^2k+j}`$
$`+{\displaystyle \underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}(p_j(m\alpha )+p_j(m\alpha ))z^{2m^2k+j},`$
we have $`\left(E^m\right)_{2m^2k1}E^m=E^{2m}+p_{4m^2k}(m\alpha )+p_{4m^2k}(m\alpha )`$. Hence $`E^{2m}M(1)^++C_2(V_L^+).\text{ }\mathrm{}`$

###### Lemma 4.3.

For $`m_0`$, $`E^{2m+1}V_L^+(1)+C_2(V_L^+)`$.

Proof: Assume $`m0`$. Since

$`Y(E^m,z)E^{m+1}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}(p_j(m\alpha )e^{(2m+1)\alpha }+p_j(m\alpha )e^{(2m+1)\alpha })z^{2m(m+1)k+j}`$
$`+{\displaystyle \underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}(p_j(m\alpha )e^\alpha +p_j(m\alpha )e^\alpha )z^{2m(m+1)k+j},`$
it follows that

$$\left(E^m\right)_{2km(m+1)1}E^{m+1}=E^{2m+1}+p_{4km(m+1)}(m\alpha )e^\alpha +p_{4km(m+1)}(m\alpha )e^\alpha .$$

Therefore, we have $`E^{2m+1}V_L^+(1)+C_2(V_L^+)`$.  $`\mathrm{}`$

###### Lemma 4.4.

\[DN2\] For $`m,n1`$,

$$(\alpha (n)\alpha (1)\mathrm{𝟏})_1E^m=2km(n+(1)^{n1})\alpha (n1)F^m+\alpha (n)\alpha (1)E^m.$$

###### Corollary 4.5.

1) If $`m`$ is even, then we have

(18)
$$2km(n+(1)^{n1})\alpha (n1)F^m+\alpha (n)\alpha (1)E^mM(1)^++C_2(V_L^+).$$

2) If $`m`$ is odd, then we have

(19)
$$2km(n+(1)^{n1})\alpha (n1)F^m+\alpha (n)\alpha (1)E^mV_L^+(1)+C_2(V_L^+).$$

Proof: These follow immediately from Lemmas 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 and the fact that $`C_2(V_L^+)`$ is an ideal of $`V`$ under $`(1)^{st}`$ product.  $`\mathrm{}`$

Let $`u=\alpha (n_1)\mathrm{}\alpha (n_r)v`$, ($`n_i>0,`$ $`v=E^m`$ or $`F^m`$). Following \[DN2\], we say that an element $`u`$ has length $`r`$ with respect to $`\alpha `$ and we write $`l_\alpha (u)=r`$. In general, if $`u`$ is a linear combination of such vectors $`u^i`$ we define the length of $`u`$ to be the maximal length among $`l_\alpha (u^i)`$.

###### Lemma 4.6.

\[DN2\] Let $`m_{>0}`$.

1) Let $`n_1,n_2,\mathrm{},n_r_{>0}`$ with $`r`$ even. Then

$$(\alpha (n_1)\alpha (n_2)\mathrm{}\alpha (n_r)\mathrm{𝟏})_1E^m=\alpha (n_1)\alpha (n_2)\mathrm{}\alpha (n_r)E^m+u$$

where $`l_\alpha (u)<r`$, $`uV_L^+(m)`$.

2) Let $`n_1,\mathrm{},n_r_{>0}`$ with $`r`$ odd. Then

$$(\alpha (n_1)\alpha (n_2)\mathrm{}\alpha (n_{r1})\mathrm{𝟏})_1(\alpha (n_r)F^m)=\alpha (n_1)\alpha (n_2)\mathrm{}\alpha (n_r)F^m+u$$

where $`l_\alpha (u)<r`$, $`uV_L^+(m)`$.

###### Lemma 4.7.

Let $`m,n_{>0}`$. We have

(20)
$$n\alpha (n1)F^mm\alpha (n)\alpha (1)E^m\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+).$$

Proof: This Lemma follows from the Lemma 2.14, and the fact that

$`L(1)\alpha (n)F^m`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4k}}\{2\alpha (n1)\alpha (n)+2\alpha (1)\alpha (0)\}\alpha (n)F^m`$
$`=`$ $`n\alpha (n1)F^m+m\alpha (n)\alpha (1)E^m.\text{ }\mathrm{}`$
###### Lemma 4.8.

Let $`m,n_{>0}`$. If $`m`$ is even, then we have

$$\alpha (n1)F^m0\mathrm{mod}M(1)^++C_2(V_L^+).$$

Proof: By combining equations (18), and (20) together, we obtain that:

$$2km^2(n+(1)^{n1})\alpha (n1)F^mn\alpha (n1)F^m\mathrm{mod}M(1)^++C_2(V_L^+).$$

Consequently, we have

$$(2km^2(n+(1)^{n1})n)\alpha (n1)F^mM(1)^++C_2(V_L^+).$$

Assume that $`(2km^2(n+(1)^{n1})n)=0`$.

case 1: $`n`$ is an even integer. Then we have $`n=\frac{2km^2}{2km^21}`$. Recall that for any integer $`p0`$, if $`p|p+1`$ then $`p=1`$ or $`p=1`$. Therefore, either $`2km^2=2`$ or $`2km^2=0`$. This contradicts with the fact that $`2km^26`$.

case 2: $`n`$ is an odd integer. Then $`n=\frac{2km^2}{2km^21}`$. This is impossible because $`n`$ is a positive integer.

Thus, $`(2km^2(n+(1)^{n1})n)0`$, and $`\alpha (n1)F^mM(1)^++C_2(V_L^+)`$.  $`\mathrm{}`$

###### Lemma 4.9.

If $`m`$ is odd, then $`\alpha (n1)F^mV_L^+(1)+C_2(V_L^+)`$ for all $`n1`$.

###### Lemma 4.10.

For $`m_{>0}`$, $`\alpha (1)F^mC_2(V_L^+)`$.

Proof: This follows from the fact that $`L(1)E^m=m\alpha (1)F^m`$.  $`\mathrm{}`$

We recall that for $`m_{>0}`$, $`V_L^+(m)=M(1)^+E^m+M(1)^{}F^m`$.

###### Lemma 4.11.

For any even positive integer $`m`$, $`V_L^+(m)M(1)^++C_2(V_L^+).`$

Proof: Let $`u=\alpha (n_1)\mathrm{}\alpha (n_r)(e^{m\alpha }+(1)^re^{m\alpha })V_L^+(m)`$. We will prove this lemma by using an induction on $`r`$. When $`r=0`$, it follows immediately from Lemma 4.2. When $`r=1`$, it follows from Lemmas 4.8, 4.10. Set

(21)
$$v=\{\begin{array}{cc}\alpha (n_1)\mathrm{}\alpha (n_r)\mathrm{𝟏}\hfill & \text{if }r\text{ is even;}\hfill \\ \alpha (n_1)\mathrm{}\alpha (n_{r1})\mathrm{𝟏}\hfill & \text{if }r\text{ is odd;}\hfill \end{array}$$

and

(22)
$$w=\{\begin{array}{cc}e^{m\alpha }+e^{m\alpha }\hfill & \text{if }r\text{ is even;}\hfill \\ \alpha (n_r)(e^{m\alpha }e^{m\alpha })\hfill & \text{if }r\text{ is odd.}\hfill \end{array}$$

By Lemma 4.6, we have $`v_1w=u+u^{}`$ where $`u^{}V_L^+(m)`$ and $`l_\alpha (u^{})<l_\alpha (u)=r`$. Since $`E^m,\alpha (n_r)F^mM(1)^++C_2(V_L^+)`$, it implies that $`u+u^{}M(1)^++C_2(V_L^+).`$ By the induction hypothesis, we can conclude that $`uM(1)^++C_2(V_L^+).`$  $`\mathrm{}`$

###### Lemma 4.12.

For any odd positive integer $`m`$, $`V_L^+(m)V_L^+(1)+C_2(V_L^+).`$

###### Theorem 4.13.

$`V_L^+/C_2(V_L^+)`$ is spanned by $`M(1)^++V_L^+(1)+C_2(V_L^+)`$.

Proof: This follows from Lemmas 4.11, 4.12 and the fact that

$$V_L^+=M(1)^+_{m=1}^{\mathrm{}}V_L^+(m).\text{ }\mathrm{}$$

Recall that $`J=\frac{1}{4k^2}\alpha (1)^4\mathrm{𝟏}\frac{1}{k}\alpha (3)\alpha (1)\mathrm{𝟏}+\frac{3}{4k}\alpha (2)^2\mathrm{𝟏}`$.

###### Proposition 4.14.

\[DN1\] The vertex operator algebra $`M(1)^+`$ is spanned by

$$L(m_1)\mathrm{}L(m_s)J_{n_1}\mathrm{}J_{n_t}\mathrm{𝟏}$$

where $`m_1m_2\mathrm{}m_s2`$, $`n_1n_2\mathrm{}n_t1`$.

###### Notation 4.15.

Let $`s,t_0`$, $`vV_L^+`$. We define

$`L(2)^s`$ $`:=`$ $`(L(2))^s`$
$`J_1^t`$ $`:=`$ $`(J_1)^t.`$
###### Theorem 4.16.

$`(M(1)^++C_2(V_L^+))/C_2(V_L^+)`$ is spanned by $`L(2)^sJ_1^t\mathrm{𝟏}+C_2(V_L^+)`$ where $`s,t0.`$

###### Proposition 4.17.

\[DN2\]

1) If $`k`$ is not a perfect square, $`V_L^+(1)`$ is spanned by the vectors

$$L(n_1)L(n_2)\mathrm{}L(n_r)E,n_1n_2n_2\mathrm{}n_t1.$$

2) If $`k`$ is a perfect square, $`V_L^+(1)`$ is spanned by the vectors

$$L(m_1)\mathrm{}L(m_s)J_{n_1}\mathrm{}J_{n_t}E,m_1m_2\mathrm{}m_s1,n_1n_2\mathrm{}n_t1.$$

###### Theorem 4.18.

1) If $`k`$ is not a perfect square, $`(V_L^+(1)+C_2(V_L^+))/C_2(V_L^+)`$ is spanned by $`L(2)^sE+C_2(V_L^+)`$ where $`s0`$.

2) If $`k`$ is a perfect square, $`(V_L^+(1)+C_2(V_L^+))/C_2(V_L^+)`$ is spanned by $`L(2)^sJ_1^tE+C_2(V_L^+)`$ where $`s,t0`$.

## 5.  The cofiniteness $`C_2`$ condition of $`V_L^+`$

In this section, we show that $`V_L^+`$ satisfies the $`C_2`$ condition. In particular, we prove that $`\left(V_L^+(1)+C_2(V_L^+)\right)/C_2(V_L^+)`$ and $`\left(M(1)^++C_2(V_L^+)\right)/C_2(V_L^+)`$ are finite dimensional. We begin with showing that there is $`\beta `$ such that for any $`n_{>0}`$, $`J_1^nE\beta ^nL(2)^{2n}E\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+).`$ Consequently, $`V_L^+(1)+C_2(V_L^+)`$ is spanned by $`L(2)^sE+C_2(V_L^+)`$, $`s0`$. By using information about the basis of $`V_L^+(1)`$, we are be able to prove that $`\left(V_L^+(1)+C_2(V_L^+)\right)/C_2(V_L^+)`$ has finite dimension. By taking the same approach, we can show that $`\left(M(1)^++C_2(V_L^+)\right)/C_2(V_L^+)`$ has finite dimension. Indeed, we have the following theorem.

###### Theorem 5.1.

1)

$`{\displaystyle \frac{V_L^+(1)+C_2(V_L^+)}{C_2(V_L^+)}}`$ $`=`$ $`L(2)^iE+C_2(V_L^+)|i=0,1,2\text{and}`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{M(1)^++C_2(V_L^+)}{C_2(V_L^+)}}`$ $`=`$ $`L(2)^m\mathrm{𝟏}+C_2(V_L^+),J+C_2(V_L^+),J_1^2\mathrm{𝟏}+C_2(V_L^+),`$
$`L(2)J+C_2(V_L^+)|0m2k+2.`$
2) $`V_L^+`$ satisfies the $`C_2`$ condition.

For $`m_{>0}`$, we set

$$V_L^+(m)=_{nm^2k}V_L^+(m,n)$$

where $`V_L^+(m,n)`$ is the weight $`n`$ subspace of $`V_L^+(m)`$. It is easy to see that the following elements form the bases of $`V_L^+(1,k+4)`$ and $`V_L^+(1,k+3)`$, respectively.

Basis of $`V_L^+(1,k+4)`$

$`a_1`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (1)^4E`$
$`a_2`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (2)\alpha (1)^2F`$
$`a_3`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (3)\alpha (1)E`$
$`a_4`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (4)F`$
$`a_5`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (2)^2E`$
Basis of $`V_L^+(1,k+3)`$

$`b_1`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (1)^3F`$
$`b_2`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (2)\alpha (1)E`$
$`b_3`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (3)F.`$
###### Lemma 5.2.

The vectors $`L(4)E`$, $`L(1)b_i`$ $`(i=1,2,3)`$, and $`L(2)^2E`$ form a basis of $`V_L^+(1,k+4)`$.

Proof: The table 1 in the appendix gives explicit expressions of $`L(4)E`$, $`L(1)b_i`$ $`(i=1,2,3)`$ and $`L(2)^2E`$ in terms of $`a_j`$, $`j=1,\mathrm{},5`$. If we denote the table 1 by $`5\times 5`$ matrix $`A`$, then $`det(A)=\frac{940k+16k^2}{16k^2}`$. Since $`940k+16k^2=0`$ only when $`k=\frac{1}{4},\frac{9}{4}`$, it implies that $`A`$ is a nonsingular matrix. Therefore, we conclude that $`L(4)E`$, $`L(1)b_i`$ $`(i=1,2,3)`$, and $`L(2)^2E`$ form a basis for $`V_L^+(1,k+4)`$.

###### Corollary 5.3.

$`J_1E\beta L(2)^2E\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+)`$ where $`\beta =\frac{64k^216k18}{(4k1)(4k9)}.`$

Proof: Set

$`A_1`$ $`=`$ $`L(2)^2E`$
$`A_2`$ $`=`$ $`L(4)E`$
$`A_3`$ $`=`$ $`L(1)\alpha (1)^3F`$
$`A_4`$ $`=`$ $`L(1)\alpha (2)\alpha (1)E`$
$`A_5`$ $`=`$ $`L(1)\alpha (3)F.`$
The table 2 in the appendix represents the inverse matrix of the matrix $`A`$. Since

$$J_1E=\frac{1}{4k^2}a_1+\frac{6}{k}a_2+(12\frac{1}{k})a_3+(8k17)a_4+(6+\frac{3}{4k})a_5,$$

we can also think of $`J_1E`$ as a vector $`u=[\frac{1}{4k^2},\frac{6}{k},12\frac{1}{k},8k17,6+\frac{3}{4k}]`$. By multiplying the vector $`u`$ and the matrix $`A^1`$ together, we obtain that $`J_1E\beta L(2)^2E\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+)`$.  $`\mathrm{}`$

###### Lemma 5.4.

For any positive integers $`m,n`$,

1) $`J_1^nE\beta ^nL(2)^{2n}\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+)`$.

2) $`L(2)^mJ_1^nE\beta ^nL(2)^{2n+m}E\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+)`$.

Proof: Part 1) we will prove by induction on $`n`$. For $`n=1`$, it follows from Corollary 5.3. Now, suppose that $`J_1^nE\left(\beta \right)^nL(2)^{2n}E\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+)`$. By using commutativity and associativity of $`V_L^+/C_2(V_L^+)`$, we obtain the following:

$`J_1^{n+1}E`$ $``$ $`J_1\left(\beta \right)^nL(2)^{2n}E\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+)`$
$`=`$ $`\left(\beta \right)^nJ_1\underset{2n\text{terms}}{\underset{}{\omega _1\mathrm{}\omega _1}}E\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+)`$
$``$ $`\left(\beta \right)^n\omega _1\mathrm{}\omega _1J_1E\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+)`$
$``$ $`\left(\beta \right)^n\omega _1\mathrm{}\omega _1\beta L(2)^2E\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+)(\text{by Corollary }\text{5.3})`$
$`=`$ $`\left(\beta \right)^{n+1}L(2)^{2(n+1)}E\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+).`$
Part 2) it follows immediately from Part 1).  $`\mathrm{}`$

###### Corollary 5.5.

$`(V_L^+(1)+C_2(V_L^+))/C_2(V_L^+)=L(2)^sE+C_2(V_L^+)|s0`$.

Proof: This follows from Theorem 4.18 and Lemma 5.4. $`\mathrm{}`$

The following elements are bases of $`V_L^+(1,k+5)`$, and $`V_L^+(1,k+3)`$:

Basis of $`V_L^+(1,k+5)`$

$`B_1`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (5)F`$
$`B_2`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (4)\alpha (1)E`$
$`B_3`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (3)\alpha (2)E`$
$`B_4`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (3)\alpha (1)^2F`$
$`B_5`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (2)^2\alpha (1)F`$
$`B_6`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (2)\alpha (1)^3E`$
$`B_7`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (1)^5F^2`$
Basis of $`V_L^+(1,k+3)`$

$`C_1`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (3)F`$
$`C_2`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (2)\alpha (1)E`$
$`C_3`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (1)^3F.`$
###### Theorem 5.6.

\[DN2\] The vectors $`L(1)B_i`$ $`(i=1,\mathrm{},7)`$, $`L(3)C_j`$ $`(j=1,2,3)`$ and $`(\alpha (1)^4\mathrm{𝟏})_3E`$ form a basis of $`V_L^+(1,k+6)`$.

###### Corollary 5.7.

1) $`V_L^+(1,k+6)`$ is a subset of $`C_2(V_L^+)`$.

2) $`L(2)^3EC_2(V_L^+)`$.

###### Theorem 5.8.

$`(V_L^+(1)+C_2(V_L^+))/C_2(V_L^+)=L(2)^iE+C_2(V_L^+)|i=0,1,2.`$

Proof: This follows from the fact that $`L(2)^3EC_2(V_L^+)`$ and $`C_2(V_L^+)`$ is an ideal of $`V_L^+`$ under $`(1)^{st}`$ product.  $`\mathrm{}`$

Next, we show that $`(M(1)^++C_2(V_L^+))/C_2(V_L^+)`$ has finite dimension. We set

$$M(1)^+=\underset{i=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}M(1,i)^+$$

where $`M(1,i)^+`$ is the weight $`i`$ subspace of $`M(1)^+`$. It is easy to see that $`M(1,8)^+`$, $`M(1,7)^+`$ and $`M(1,5)^+`$ have the following basis elements:

Basis of $`M(1,8)^+`$

$`c_1`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (1)^8\mathrm{𝟏}`$
$`c_2`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (3)\alpha (1)^5\mathrm{𝟏}`$
$`c_3`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (5)\alpha (1)^3\mathrm{𝟏}`$
$`c_4`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (7)\alpha (1)\mathrm{𝟏}`$
$`c_5`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (6)\alpha (2)\mathrm{𝟏}`$
$`c_6`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (5)\alpha (3)\mathrm{𝟏}`$
$`c_7`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (4)\alpha (2)\alpha (1)^2\mathrm{𝟏}`$
$`c_8`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (4)^2\mathrm{𝟏}`$
$`c_9`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (3)^2\alpha (1)^2\mathrm{𝟏}`$
$`c_{10}`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (3)\alpha (2)^2\alpha (1)\mathrm{𝟏}`$
$`c_{11}`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (2)^2\alpha (1)^4\mathrm{𝟏}`$
$`c_{12}`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (2)^4\mathrm{𝟏}.`$
Basis of $`M(1,7)^+`$

$`\alpha _1`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (2)\alpha (1)^5\mathrm{𝟏}`$
$`\alpha _2`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (4)\alpha (1)^3\mathrm{𝟏}`$
$`\alpha _3`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (6)\alpha (1)\mathrm{𝟏}`$
$`\alpha _4`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (5)\alpha (2)\mathrm{𝟏}`$
$`\alpha _5`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (4)\alpha (3)\mathrm{𝟏}`$
$`\alpha _6`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (3)\alpha (2)\alpha (1)^2\mathrm{𝟏}`$
$`\alpha _7`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (2)^3\alpha (1)\mathrm{𝟏}.`$
Basis of $`M(1,5)^+`$

$`\beta _1`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (2)\alpha (1)^3\mathrm{𝟏}`$
$`\beta _2`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (4)\alpha (1)\mathrm{𝟏}`$
$`\beta _3`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (3)\alpha (2)^3\mathrm{𝟏}.`$
###### Lemma 5.9.

$`M(1,8)^+`$ is spanned by $`L(1)\alpha _i`$ $`(i=1,\mathrm{},7)`$, $`L(3)\beta _j`$ $`(j=1,2,3)`$, $`L(2)^2J`$, and $`L(2)^4\mathrm{𝟏}`$.

Proof: For $`i\{1,\mathrm{},7\}`$, we set $`C_i=L(1)\alpha _i`$. We also set $`C_8=L(3)\beta _1`$, $`C_9=L(3)\beta _2`$, $`C_{10}=L(2)^2J`$, $`C_{11}=L(2)^4\mathrm{𝟏}`$, and $`C_{12}=L(3)\beta _3`$. The table 3 in the appendix gives explicit expressions of $`C_i`$ $`(i=1,\mathrm{},12)`$ in term of $`c_j`$ $`(j=1,\mathrm{},12)`$. If we denote this table by $`12\times 12`$ matrix $`B`$, then the determinant of the matrix $`B`$ is $`\frac{36315}{128k^8}`$. Thus, $`B`$ is a nonsingular matrix and $`C_i`$ $`(i=1,\mathrm{},12)`$ span $`M(1,8)^+`$.

###### Corollary 5.10.

$`J_1J\rho L(2)^2J+\sigma L(2)^4\mathrm{𝟏}\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+)`$ where $`\rho =3.28+0.098k^1`$, and $`\sigma =2.870.39k^1`$.

Proof: Since $`J_1J=\frac{1}{16k^4}c_1+\frac{11}{2k^3}c_2+\frac{12}{k^2}c_3+\frac{558}{k}c_4\frac{87}{k}c_5+\frac{186}{k}c_6+\frac{90}{k^2}c_7+\frac{72}{k}c_8+\frac{43}{k^2}c_9+\frac{117}{2k^2}c_{10}+\frac{51}{8k^3}c_{11}+\frac{105}{16k^2}c_{12}`$, we can also think of $`J_1J`$ as a vector

$$w=[\frac{1}{16k^4},\frac{11}{2k^3},\frac{12}{k^2},\frac{558}{k},\frac{87}{k},\frac{186}{k},\frac{90}{k^2},\frac{72}{k},\frac{43}{k^2},\frac{117}{2k^2},\frac{51}{8k^3},\frac{105}{16k^2}].$$

The table 4 and table 5 in the appendix represents an inverse matrix of $`B`$. By multiplying the vector $`w`$ and the matrix $`B^1`$ together, we then obtain that $`J_1J\rho L(2)^2J+\sigma L(2)^4\mathrm{𝟏}\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+)`$ where $`\rho =3.06+0.098k^1`$, and $`\sigma =3.730.39k^1`$.  $`\mathrm{}`$

###### Lemma 5.11.

\[DN1\] The vectors $`L(1)M(1,9)^+`$, $`L(3)M(1,7)^+`$, $`(\alpha (1)^4\mathrm{𝟏})_3\alpha (1)^4\mathrm{𝟏}`$, and $`L(2)^5\mathrm{𝟏}`$ span $`M(1,10)^+`$.

###### Remark 5.12.

\[DN1\] Only $`L(2)^5\mathrm{𝟏}`$ involves the vector $`\alpha (1)^{10}\mathrm{𝟏}`$.

###### Corollary 5.13.

$`(M(1,10)^++C_2(V_L^+))/C_2(V_L^+)=L(2)^5\mathrm{𝟏}+C_2(V_L^+).`$

###### Corollary 5.14.

1) $`L(2)^5\mathrm{𝟏}\frac{1}{(4k)^5}\alpha (1)^{10}\mathrm{𝟏}\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+)`$.

2) $`L(2)J_1J16L(2)^5\mathrm{𝟏}\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+).`$

3) $`L(2)^3J4L(2)^5\mathrm{𝟏}\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+).`$

Proof: For 1), it follows from the fact that

$`L(2)^4\mathrm{𝟏}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{(4k)^4}}c_1+{\displaystyle \frac{6}{k^3}}c_2+{\displaystyle \frac{3}{2k^2}}c_3+{\displaystyle \frac{15}{2k}}c_4+{\displaystyle \frac{9}{2k}}c_6+{\displaystyle \frac{5}{4k^2}}c_9\text{and}`$
$`L(2)\alpha (1)^8\mathrm{𝟏}`$ $`=`$ $`8\alpha (3)\alpha (1)^7\mathrm{𝟏}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4k}}\alpha (1)^{10}\mathrm{𝟏}.`$
For 2), we first recall that

$`J_1J`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{16k^4}}c_1+{\displaystyle \frac{11}{2k^3}}c_2+{\displaystyle \frac{12}{k^2}}c_3+{\displaystyle \frac{558}{k}}c_4{\displaystyle \frac{87}{k}}c_5+{\displaystyle \frac{186}{k}}c_6`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{90}{k^2}}c_7+{\displaystyle \frac{72}{k}}c_8+{\displaystyle \frac{43}{k^2}}c_9+{\displaystyle \frac{117}{2k^2}}c_{10}+{\displaystyle \frac{51}{8k^3}}c_{11}+{\displaystyle \frac{105}{16k^2}}c_{12}.`$
Since $`L(2)\alpha (1)^8\mathrm{𝟏}\frac{1}{4k}\alpha (1)^{10}\mathrm{𝟏}\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+)`$, this implies that $`L(2)J_1J16L(2)^5\mathrm{𝟏}\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+)`$.

For 3), it follows from the fact that

$`L(2)^2J`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{64k^4}}c_1+{\displaystyle \frac{9}{16k^3}}c_2+{\displaystyle \frac{3}{2k^2}}c_3{\displaystyle \frac{15}{k}}c_4+{\displaystyle \frac{12}{k}}c_5{\displaystyle \frac{9}{k}}c_6+{\displaystyle \frac{3}{2k^2}}c_7+{\displaystyle \frac{6}{k}}c_8`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{2}{k^2}}c_9+{\displaystyle \frac{3}{8k^2}}c_{10}+{\displaystyle \frac{3}{64k^3}}c_{11},`$
$`L(2)\alpha (1)^8\mathrm{𝟏}`$ $``$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4k}}\alpha (1)^{10}\mathrm{𝟏}\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+),\text{and}1).\text{ }\mathrm{}`$
###### Lemma 5.15.

$`J_1^2J\gamma L(2)^6\mathrm{𝟏}\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+)`$ where $`\gamma =16\rho +4\sigma `$.

Proof: Recall from Corollary 5.10 that $`J_1J\rho L(2)^2J+\sigma L(2)^4\mathrm{𝟏}\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+)`$. By commutative, associative laws of $`V_L^+/C_2(V_L^+)`$, and Corollary 5.14, we have

$`J_1J_1J`$ $``$ $`\rho J_1L(2)^2J+\sigma J_1L(2)^4\mathrm{𝟏}\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+)`$
$``$ $`\rho L(2)^2J_1J+\sigma L(2)^4J\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+)`$
$``$ $`16\rho L(2)^6\mathrm{𝟏}+4\sigma L(2)^6\mathrm{𝟏}\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+)`$
$`=`$ $`\gamma L(2)^6\mathrm{𝟏}\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+).\text{ }\mathrm{}`$
###### Lemma 5.16.

For $`n4`$, $`J_1^n\mathrm{𝟏}\gamma 4^{n3}L(2)^{2n}\mathrm{𝟏}\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+).`$

Proof: For $`n=4`$, this follows from Lemma 5.15 and Corollary 5.14 3) and commutative law of $`V_L^+/C_2(V_L^+)`$.

Suppose $`J_1^n\mathrm{𝟏}\gamma 4^{n3}L(2)^{2n}\mathrm{𝟏}\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+)`$. By Corollary 5.14 3) and commutativity of $`V_L^+/C_2(V_L^+)`$, we have

$`J_1^{n+1}\mathrm{𝟏}`$ $``$ $`\gamma 4^{n3}J_1L(2)^{2n}\mathrm{𝟏}\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+)`$
$``$ $`\gamma 4^{n3}L(2)^{2n3}L(2)^3J\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+)`$
$``$ $`\gamma 4^{n3}4L(2)^{2n3}L(2)^5\mathrm{𝟏}\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+)`$
$``$ $`\gamma 4^{(n+1)3}L(2)^{2(n+1)}\mathrm{𝟏}\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+).`$
Therefore, $`J_1^n\mathrm{𝟏}\gamma 4^{n3}L(2)^{2n}\mathrm{𝟏}\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+)`$ for all $`n4`$. $`\mathrm{}`$

###### Corollary 5.17.

For $`n3`$, $`J_1^n\mathrm{𝟏}\gamma 4^{n3}L(2)^{2n}\mathrm{𝟏}\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+)`$.

###### Corollary 5.18.

For $`m_+`$, $`n3`$, $`L(2)^mJ_1^n\mathrm{𝟏}\gamma 4^{n3}L(2)^{m+2n}\mathrm{𝟏}\mathrm{mod}C_2(V_L^+)`$.

###### Corollary 5.19.

$`(M(1)^++C_2(V_L^+))/C_2(V_L^+)`$ is spanned by $`L(2)^s\mathrm{𝟏}+C_2(V_L^+)`$, $`J+C_2(V_L^+),`$ $`J_1J+C_2(V_L^+)`$, $`L(2)J+C_2(V_L^+)`$ where $`s0`$.

Proof: This follows from Theorem 4.16, Corollary 5.10, Corollary 5.17, and Corollary 5.18.  $`\mathrm{}`$

The following elements are bases of $`V_L^+(2,4k+6)`$, $`V_L^+(2,4k+5)`$ and $`V_L^+(2,4k+3)`$:

Basis of $`V_L^+(2,4k+6)`$

$`g_1`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (6)F^2`$
$`g_2`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (5)\alpha (1)E^2`$
$`g_3`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (4)\alpha (2)E^2`$
$`g_4`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (4)\alpha (1)^2F^2`$
$`g_5`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (3)^2E^2`$
$`g_6`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (3)\alpha (2)\alpha (1)F^2`$
$`g_7`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (3)\alpha (1)^3E^2`$
$`g_8`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (2)^3F^2`$
$`g_9`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (2)^2\alpha (1)^2E^2`$
$`g_{10}`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (2)\alpha (1)^4F^2`$
$`g_{11}`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (1)^6E^2`$
Basis of $`V_L^+(2,4k+5)`$

$`f_1`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (5)F^2`$
$`f_2`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (4)\alpha (1)E^2`$
$`f_3`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (3)\alpha (2)E^2`$
$`f_4`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (3)\alpha (1)^2F^2`$
$`f_5`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (2)^2\alpha (1)F^2`$
$`f_6`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (2)\alpha (1)^3E^2`$
$`f_7`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (1)^5F^2`$
Basis of $`V_L^+(2,4k+3)`$

$`h_1`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (3)F^2`$
$`h_2`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (2)\alpha (1)E^2`$
$`h_3`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha (1)^3F^2.`$
###### Theorem 5.20.

$`V_L^+(2,4k+6)`$ is spanned by $`L(1)f_i`$ $`(i=1,\mathrm{},7)`$, $`L(3)h_j`$ $`(j=1,2,3)`$ and $`\left(\alpha (1)^4\mathrm{𝟏}\right)_3E^2`$.

Proof: Set

$`G_1`$ $`=`$ $`L(1)\alpha (5)F^2`$
$`G_2`$ $`=`$ $`L(1)\alpha (4)\alpha (1)E^2`$
$`G_3`$ $`=`$ $`L(1)\alpha (3)\alpha (2)E^2`$
$`G_4`$ $`=`$ $`L(1)\alpha (3)\alpha (1)^2F^2`$
$`G_5`$ $`=`$ $`L(1)\alpha (2)^2\alpha (1)F^2`$
$`G_6`$ $`=`$ $`L(1)\alpha (2)\alpha (1)^3E^2`$
$`G_7`$ $`=`$ $`L(1)\alpha (1)^5F^2`$
$`G_8`$ $`=`$ $`L(3)\alpha (3)F^2`$
$`G_9`$ $`=`$ $`L(3)\alpha (2)\alpha (1)E^2`$
$`G_{10}`$ $`=`$ $`L(3)\alpha (1)^3F^2`$
$`G_{11}`$ $`=`$ $`\left(\alpha (1)^4\mathrm{𝟏}\right)_3E^2.`$
The table 6 in the appendix gives explicit expressions of $`G_i`$ $`(i=1,\mathrm{},11)`$ in terms of $`g_j,j=l,\mathrm{},11`$. If we denote this table by $`11\times 11`$ matrix $`C`$, then $`det(C)=\frac{24}{k^2}(1536k^42592k^3+1072k^258k+15)`$. Note that $`C`$ is nonsingular if $`k`$ is a positive integer. Therefore, $`V_L^+(2,4k+6)`$ is spanned by $`L(1)f_i`$ $`(i=1,\mathrm{},7)`$, $`L(3)h_j`$ $`(j=1,2,3)`$ and $`\left(\alpha (1)^4\mathrm{𝟏}\right)_3E^2`$.  $`\mathrm{}`$

###### Corollary 5.21.

$`V_L^+(2,4k+6)`$ is contained in $`C_2(V_L^+)`$.

###### Lemma 5.22.

$`(M(1)^++C_2(V_L^+))/C_2(V_L^+)`$ is spanned by $`J+C_2(V_L^+),J_1J+C_2(V_L^+),L(2)J+C_2(V_L^+),L(2)^m\mathrm{𝟏}+C_2(V_L^+)`$ where $`0m2k+2.`$

Proof: We will show that $`L(2)^{2k+3}\mathrm{𝟏}C_2(V_L^+)`$. Suppose the contrary. By Corollaries 5.14, 5.18, we conclude that $`L(2)^mJ_1^n\mathrm{𝟏}C_2(V_L^+)`$ for all $`m,n_+`$ such that $`m+2n=2k+3`$. Moreover, we have

$$M(1,4k+3)^+=L(2)^{2k+3}\mathrm{𝟏}\left(C_2(V_L^+)M(1,4k+3)^+\right).$$

Observe that $`E_{2k7}E=p_6(\alpha )e^{2\alpha }+p_6(\alpha )e^{2\alpha }+p_{4k+6}(\alpha )+p_{4k+6}(\alpha )`$. Since $`p_6(\alpha )e^{2\alpha }+p_6(\alpha )e^{2\alpha }C_2(V_L^+)`$ ( by Corollary 5.21), this implies that $`p_{4k+6}(\alpha )+p_{4k+6}(\alpha )C_2(V_L^+).`$ Since $`p_{4k+6}(\alpha )+p_{4k+6}(\alpha )`$ is also an element of $`M(1)^+`$, we can write $`p_{4k+6}(\alpha )+p_{4k+6}(\alpha )`$ in the following way:

$`()p_{4k+6}(\alpha )+p_{4k+6}(\alpha )`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \lambda _iL(m_1)\mathrm{}L(m_i)\mathrm{𝟏}}`$
$`+{\displaystyle \rho _{j,l}L(n_1)\mathrm{}L(n_j)J_{p_1}\mathrm{}J_{p_l}\mathrm{𝟏}}`$
$`+{\displaystyle \beta _tJ_{q_1}\mathrm{}J_{q_t}\mathrm{𝟏}}.`$
Here,

1) $`m_1m_2\mathrm{}m_i2`$ and there is $`1fi`$ such that $`m_f3`$. Moreover, $`m_1+\mathrm{}+m_i=4k+6`$.

2) $`n_1n_2\mathrm{}n_j2`$, $`p_1\mathrm{}p_l1`$ and there is $`1gj`$ such that $`n_g3`$ or there is $`1hl`$ such that $`p_h2`$. Furthermore, $`n_1+\mathrm{}+n_j+p_1+\mathrm{}+p_l+3l=4k+6`$.

3) $`q_1\mathrm{}q_t1`$ and there is $`1st`$ such that $`q_s2`$. Moreover, $`q_1+\mathrm{}+q_t+3t=4k+6.`$

We observe that in the spanning set of $`M(1)_{4k+6}^+`$ only $`L(2)^{2k+3}\mathrm{𝟏}`$ and $`L(2)^mJ_1^n\mathrm{𝟏}`$ involve with the term $`\alpha (1)^{4k+6}\mathrm{𝟏}`$. Here, $`m,n_+`$ such that $`m+2n=2k+3`$. Since $`L(2)^{2k+3}\mathrm{𝟏},L(2)^mJ_1^n\mathrm{𝟏}`$ do not occur on the right side of $`()`$, it implies that $`\alpha (1)^{4k+6}\mathrm{𝟏}`$ is a linear combination of vectors that have length of $`\alpha `$ less than $`4k+6`$. This is impossible. So, we have a contradiction. Thus, $`L(2)^{2k+3}\mathrm{𝟏}C_2(V_L^+)`$. Moreover,

$`(M(1)^++C_2(V_L^+))/C_2(V_L^+)`$
$`=`$ $`J+C_2(V_L^+),J_1J+C_2(V_L^+),L(2)J+C_2(V_L^+),L(2)^m\mathrm{𝟏}+C_2(V_L^+)|`$
$`0m2k+2.\text{ }\mathrm{}`$
###### Theorem 5.23.

$`V_L^+`$ satisfies the $`C_2`$ condition.

###### Corollary 5.24.

$`V_L^+`$ satisfies the cofiniteness $`C_n`$ condition for all $`n_{>0}`$ such that $`n2`$.

###### Corollary 5.25.

For $`n_0`$, $`A_n(V_L^+)`$ is finite dimensional.

## 6. Appendix


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# On the spatial behaviour in dynamics of porous elastic mixtures Work performed in the context of the COFIN MURST, Italy, ”Mathematical Models for Materials Science”and under auspicies of G. N. F. M. of the Italian Research Council (C. N. R. ).

## 1 Introduction

Various theories have been proposed in literature for describing the behaviour of the chemically reacting media (see, for example, Truesdell and Toupin , Kelly , Eringen and Ingram , Green and Naghdi , Müller , Dunwoody and Müller , Bedford and Drumheller , etc).

Recently Ieşan  has developed a theory for binary mixtures of granular materials in Lagrangian description in which the independent constitutive variables are the displacement gradients, displacement fields, volume fractions and volume fraction gradients. The theory takes into account the results established previously by Nunziato and Cowin , Goodman and Cowin  and Drumheller . The intended applications for such a theory are to granular composites, solid explosives and geological materials.

In  a linear theory is also presented and some uniqueness results for bounded bodies are established for the linear dynamic theory with no definiteness assumptions on the elasticities and without any restriction on the initial stresses.

The present paper studies the spatial and temporal behaviour of the solutions to the boundary–initial value problems in the linear dynamic theory of porous elastic mixtures as developed in .

For the spatial behaviour of the dynamic processes in porous elastic mixtures we use the time–weighted surface power method developed in . Thus, we introduce a time–weighted surface measure associated with the dynamic process in question and then we establish a first–order partial differential inequality whose integration gives a good information upon the spatial behaviour. Then we obtain a more precisely version of the domain of influence in the sense that for each fixed $`t[0,T]`$ the whole activity is vanishing at distances to the support of the given data on $`[0,T]`$ greater than $`ct`$, where $`c`$ is a constant characteristic to the elastic mixture. A spatial decay estimate of Saint–Venant’s type is established for describing the spatial behaviour of the dynamic process inside of the domain of influence.

As regards the temporal behaviour of the dynamic processes in porous elastic mixtures, we introduce the Cesáro means of various energies and then establish the relations describing the asymptotic equipartition of energy. In this aim we use some Lagrange identities and the method developed by Day  and Levine .

The plan of our paper is the following one. In the Section 2 we present the basic equations of the linear dynamic theory of porous mixtures developed in . Some constitutive assumptions and other useful results are also presented. The auxiliary identities are established in the Section 3, while in the Section 4 a time–weighted surface measure is defined and its properties are studied. Moreover, a first–order partial differential inequality is established for this measure. The main result concerning the spatial behaviour is presented in Section 5 and some uniqueness results are obtained as a direct consequence. In the Section 6 we introduce the Cesáro means of various energies and establish the asymptotic equipartition of the total energy.

## 2 Basic equations

Throughout this article, the motions of continuum are studied respect to a fixed orthonormal frame in $`\mathrm{I}\mathrm{R}^3`$. Then, we deal with functions of position and time. Moreover, it is useful stress that in the following text the tensor components of order $`p1`$ will appear with Latin subscripts, ranging over the integers $`\{1,2,3\}`$, and summation over repeated subscripts will be implied. Greek indices are understood to range over $`\{1,\mathrm{},9\}`$ if they are lower case letters, or over $`\{1,2\}`$ if they are upper case letters; summation convention is not used for these indices. Occasionally, we shall use bold-face character and typical notations for vectors and operations upon them. Superposed dots or subscripts preceded by a comma will mean partial derivative with respect to the time or the corresponding coordinates.

Let $`B`$ be a bounded or unbounded regular region in the physical $`3`$–dimensional space, whose boundary $`B`$ is a piecewise smooth surface. A chemically inert binary mixture of two interacting porous elastic solids, $`c_1`$ and $`c_2`$, in a given reference configuration, is into B.

The positions of particles of $`c_1`$ and $`c_2`$ at time t are $`𝐱`$ and $`𝐲`$ respectively, i. e.

$$𝐱=𝐱(𝐗,t),𝐲=𝐲(𝐘,t)𝐗,𝐘B,tI,$$

in which $`𝐗`$ and $`𝐘`$ are reference positions of these particles, $`I=[0,\mathrm{})`$. By following Bedford and Stern , we assume that $`𝐗=𝐘`$.

Let the top label $`\alpha `$ refer the various fields to the constituent $`c_\alpha `$. Taking into account the linear theory, the behaviour of a binary mixture of elastic solids is governed by the local balance equations (see Iesan )

$$\begin{array}{c}S_{ji,j}^{(\alpha )}+(1)^\alpha p_i+\rho ^{(\alpha )}f_i^{(\alpha )}=\rho ^{(\alpha )}\ddot{u}_i^{(\alpha )},\hfill \\ h_{i,i}^{(\alpha )}+g^{(\alpha )}+\varrho ^{(\alpha )}\mathrm{}^{(\alpha )}=\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\ddot{\phi }^{(\alpha )},\text{ on }B\times (0,+\mathrm{})\hfill \end{array}$$
(1)
In these equations, $`𝐒^{(\alpha )},𝐟^{(\alpha )}`$ are the stress tensor and body force associated to $`c_\alpha `$; $`𝐩`$ is the vector field for characterising the mechanical interaction between the constituents $`c_1`$ and $`c_2`$; $`𝐡^{(\alpha )},g^{(\alpha )},\mathrm{}^{(\alpha )}`$are the equilibrated stress vector, intrinsic and extrinsic equilibrated body force associated to $`c_\alpha `$, respectively.

Moreover, $`𝐮^{(\alpha )}`$ is the displacement vector fields associated to $`c_\alpha `$; $`\phi ^{(\alpha )}`$ is the changes in volume fraction starting from the reference configuration to $`c_\alpha `$.

Finally, $`\rho ^{(\alpha )},\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}`$ are the bulk mass density and equilibrated inertia of the material $`c_\alpha `$ in the reference state.

According to classical interpretation of system (1), we assume that
i. $`u_i^{(\alpha )},\phi ^{(\alpha )}C^{2,2}(\overline{B}\times I)`$;
ii. $`S_{ji}^{(\alpha )},h_i^{(\alpha )}C^{1,0}(\overline{B}\times I),p_iC^{0,0}(\overline{B}\times I)`$;
iii. $`f_i^{(\alpha )},g^{(\alpha )},\mathrm{}^{(\alpha )}C^{0,0}(\overline{B}\times I),\rho ^{(\alpha )},\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}C^0(\overline{B})`$,
where, $`\overline{B}`$ is the closure of $`B`$.

Then, we introduce the 29-dimensional vector field

$$𝐄(𝐔)\{e_{ij}(𝐔),g_{ij}(𝐔),\phi ^{(1)},\phi ^{(2)},d_i(𝐔),\phi _{,i}^{(1)},\phi _{,i}^{(2)}\},$$

with

$$𝐔\{𝐮^{(1)},𝐮^{(2)},\phi ^{(1)},\phi ^{(2)}\}$$

and

$$\begin{array}{cc}e_{ij}(𝐔)=\frac{1}{2}(u_{i,j}^{(1)}+u_{j,i}^{(1)}),g_{ij}(𝐔)=u_{j,i}^{(1)}+u_{i,j}^{(2)},\hfill & \\ d_i(𝐔)=u_i^{(1)}u_i^{(2)},\hfill & \hfill \text{ on }\overline{B}\times I.\end{array}$$
(2)
Now, we define the magnitude of $`𝐄(𝐔)`$ by

$$\begin{array}{c}|𝐄(𝐔)|\{\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}[e_{ij}(𝐔)e_{ij}(𝐔)+g_{ij}(𝐔)g_{ij}(𝐔)+\phi ^{(\alpha )}(𝐔)\phi ^{(\alpha )}(𝐔)+\hfill \\ +d_i^2(𝐔)+\phi _{,i}^{(\alpha )}(𝐔)\phi _{,i}^{(\alpha )}(𝐔)]\}^{1/2}.\hfill \end{array}$$

Our attention is focused on homogeneous, centrosymmetric mixture, by supposing the initial continuum is free from stresses.

In the context of our theory, the internal energy density associated to $`𝐔`$ is given by

$$\begin{array}{cc}\hfill W(𝐔)=& \frac{1}{2}[A_{ijrs}e_{ij}(𝐔)e_{rs}(𝐔)+C_{ijrs}g_{ij}(𝐔)g_{rs}(𝐔)+\zeta \phi ^{(1)}\phi ^{(1)}+\hfill \\ & +\mu \phi ^{(2)}\phi ^{(2)}+\alpha _{ij}\phi _{,i}^{(1)}\phi _{,j}^{(1)}+\gamma _{ij}\phi _{,i}^{(2)}\phi _{,j}^{(2)}+a_{ij}d_i(𝐔)d_j(𝐔)]+\hfill \\ & +B_{ijrs}e_{ij}(𝐔)g_{rs}(𝐔)+D_{ij}e_{ij}(𝐔)\phi ^{(1)}+E_{ij}e_{ij}(𝐔)\phi ^{(2)}+\hfill \\ & +M_{ij}g_{ij}(𝐔)\phi ^{(1)}+N_{ij}g_{ij}(𝐔)\phi ^{(2)}+\beta _{ij}\phi _{,i}^{(1)}\phi _{,j}^{(2)}+\hfill \\ & +b_{ij}d_i(𝐔)\phi _{,j}^{(1)}+c_{ij}d_i(𝐔)\phi _{,j}^{(2)}+\tau \phi ^{(1)}\phi ^{(2)}.\hfill \end{array}$$
(3)
The material coefficients, appearing in previous equations (3), are constants and they obey the following symmetry relations:

$$\begin{array}{c}A_{ijrs}=A_{jirs}=A_{rsij},B_{ijrs}=B_{jirs},C_{ijrs}=C_{rsij},a_{ij}=a_{ji},\hfill \\ \alpha _{ij}=\alpha _{ji},\gamma _{ij}=\gamma _{ji},D_{ij}=D_{ji},E_{ij}=E_{ji}.\hfill \end{array}$$
(4)
The constitutive equations are

$$\begin{array}{c}S_{ji}^{(1)}(𝐔)=(A_{jirs}+B_{rsji})e_{rs}(𝐔)+(B_{ijrs}+C_{jirs})g_{rs}(𝐔)+\hfill \\ +(D_{ij}+M_{ij})\phi ^{(1)}+(E_{ij}+N_{ij})\phi ^{(2)},\hfill \\ S_{ji}^{(2)}(𝐔)=B_{rsij}e_{rs}(𝐔)+C_{ijrs}g_{rs}(𝐔)+M_{ij}\phi ^{(1)}+N_{ij}\phi ^{(2)},\hfill \\ g^{(1)}(𝐔)=D_{rs}e_{rs}M_{rs}g_{rs}\zeta \phi ^{(1)}\tau \phi ^{(2)},\hfill \\ g^{(2)}(𝐔)=E_{rs}e_{rs}N_{rs}g_{rs}\tau \phi ^{(1)}\mu \phi ^{(2)},\hfill \\ p_i(𝐔)=a_{ij}d_j(𝐔)+b_{ij}\phi _{,j}^{(1)}+c_{ij}\phi _{,j}^{(2)},\hfill \\ h_i^{(1)}(𝐔)=\alpha _{ij}\phi _{,j}^{(1)}+\beta _{ij}\phi _{,j}^{(2)}+b_{ji}d_j(𝐔),\hfill \\ h_i^{(2)}(𝐔)=\beta _{ji}\phi _{,j}^{(1)}+\gamma _{ij}\phi _{,j}^{(2)}+c_{ji}d_j(𝐔).\hfill \end{array}$$
(5)
Let $`𝒜_1=\stackrel{~}{a}_{KL}(K,L=1,\mathrm{},20)`$

$$\begin{array}{cccc}\stackrel{~}{a}_{\mathrm{\Gamma }\mathrm{\Delta }}=A_{\mathrm{\Gamma }\mathrm{\Delta }},\hfill & \stackrel{~}{a}_{\mathrm{\Gamma }(9+\mathrm{\Delta })}=B_{\mathrm{\Gamma }\mathrm{\Delta }},\hfill & \stackrel{~}{a}_{\mathrm{\Gamma }\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}19}}=D_\mathrm{\Gamma },\hfill & \stackrel{~}{a}_{\mathrm{\Gamma }\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}20}}=E_\mathrm{\Gamma },\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{a}_{(9+\mathrm{\Gamma })\mathrm{\Delta }}=B_{\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{\Gamma }},\hfill & \stackrel{~}{a}_{(9+\mathrm{\Gamma })(9+\mathrm{\Delta })}=C_{\mathrm{\Gamma }\mathrm{\Delta }},\hfill & \stackrel{~}{a}_{(9+\mathrm{\Gamma })\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}19}}=M_\mathrm{\Gamma },\hfill & \stackrel{~}{a}_{(9+\mathrm{\Gamma })\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}20}}=N_\mathrm{\Gamma },\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{a}_{19\mathrm{\Delta }}=D_\mathrm{\Delta },\hfill & \stackrel{~}{a}_{19(9+\mathrm{\Delta })}=M_\mathrm{\Delta },\hfill & \stackrel{~}{a}_{\mathrm{19\hspace{0.17em}19}}=\zeta ,\hfill & \stackrel{~}{a}_{\mathrm{19\hspace{0.17em}20}}=\tau ,\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{a}_{20\mathrm{\Delta }}=E_\mathrm{\Delta },\hfill & \stackrel{~}{a}_{20(9+\mathrm{\Delta })}=N_\mathrm{\Delta },\hfill & \stackrel{~}{a}_{\mathrm{20\hspace{0.17em}19}}=\tau ,\hfill & \stackrel{~}{a}_{\mathrm{20\hspace{0.17em}20}}=\mu ,\hfill \end{array}$$
(6)
where we have called the nine index combinations $`(ij)`$ or $`(rs)`$ by capital greak letters $`(i.e.\mathrm{\Gamma },\mathrm{\Delta },`$ and so on$`).`$ Now, let $`𝒪`$ be the empty matrix $`20\times 9`$ and $`𝒜_2=\stackrel{~}{b}_{KL}(K,L=1,\mathrm{},9)`$ be

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\stackrel{~}{b}_{ij}=a_{ij},\hfill & \stackrel{~}{b}_{i(3+j)}=b_{ij},\hfill & \stackrel{~}{b}_{i(6+j)}=c_{ij},\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{b}_{(3+i)j}=b_{ji},\hfill & \stackrel{~}{b}_{(3+i)(3+j)}=\alpha _{ij},\hfill & \stackrel{~}{b}_{(3+i)(6+j)}=\beta _{ij},\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{b}_{(6+i)j}=c_{ji},\hfill & \stackrel{~}{b}_{(6+i)(3+j)}=\beta _{ji},\hfill & \stackrel{~}{b}_{(6+i)(6+j)}=\gamma _{ij}.\hfill \end{array}$$
(7)
Then, the energy density (3) assumes the form

$$W(𝐔)=\frac{1}{2}\underset{K,L=1}{\overset{29}{}}\stackrel{~}{A}_{KL}E_K(𝐔)E_L(𝐔)=\frac{1}{2}𝐄(𝐔)𝒜𝐄(𝐔),$$
(8)
where the matrix $`𝒜=\stackrel{~}{A}_{KL}(K,L=1,\mathrm{},29)`$ is defined by

$$𝒜=\left[\begin{array}{cc}𝒜_1\hfill & 𝒪\hfill \\ 𝒪^T\hfill & 𝒜_2\hfill \end{array}\right],$$
(9)
and $`𝒪^T`$ is the transposed matrix of $`𝒪`$.

In what follows, we assume that $`\rho ^{(\alpha )}`$, $`\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}`$ are strictly positive and $`W(𝐔)`$ is a positive definite quadratic form; thus, there exist the positive constants $`\xi _m`$ and $`\xi _M`$ so that

$$\xi _m|𝐄(𝐔)|^22W(𝐔)\xi _M|𝐄(𝐔)|^2$$
(10)
where $`\xi _m`$ is the minimum elastic modulus and $`\xi _M`$ is the maximum elastic moduli.

Let

$$𝐒(𝐔)\{S_{ji}^{(1)}(𝐔),S_{ji}^{(2)}(𝐔),g^{(1)}(𝐔),g^{(2)}(𝐔),p_i(𝐔),h_i^{(1)}(𝐔),h_i^{(2)}(𝐔)\},$$

then the magnitude of $`S(𝐔)`$ is defined by

$$|𝐒(𝐔)|\{\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\left[S_{ji}^{(\alpha )}(𝐔)S_{ji}^{(\alpha )}(𝐔)+h_i^{(\alpha )}(𝐔)h_i^{(\alpha )}(𝐔)+g^{(\alpha )}(𝐔)g^{(\alpha )}(𝐔)\right]+p_i(𝐔)p_i(𝐔)\}^{1/2}.$$

Taking into account the equations (5, 6, 7, 8, 9), we prove that

$$|𝐒(𝐔)|^2=𝒜𝐄𝒜𝐄=𝐄𝒜^2𝐄\xi _M𝐄𝒜𝐄=2\xi _MW(𝐔).$$
(11)
The surface tractions $`𝐬^{(\alpha )}(𝐔)`$ and $`h^{(\alpha )}(𝐔)`$ are defined by

$$s_i^{(\alpha )}(𝐔)=S_{ji}^{(\alpha )}(𝐔)n_j,h^{(\alpha )}(𝐔)=h_j^{(\alpha )}(𝐔)n_j,$$
(12)
where $`𝐧`$ is the outward unit normal vector to boundary surface. The relations (11, 12) imply that

$$\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}[s_i^{(\alpha )}(𝐔)s_i^{(\alpha )}(𝐔)+h^{(\alpha )}(𝐔)h^{(\alpha )}(𝐔)]|𝐒(𝐔)|^22\xi _MW(𝐔).$$
(13)
If we introduce the notations

$$\begin{array}{c}a_{ijrs}=A_{jirs}+B_{rsji}+B_{jisr}+C_{jisr},\hfill \\ b_{ijrs}=B_{jirs}+C_{jirs},d_{ijrs}=C_{ijrs},\hfill \\ \tau _{ij}=D_{ij}+M_{ij}\sigma _{ij}=E_{ij}+N_{ij},\hfill \end{array}$$
(14)
the equations (3) become

$$\begin{array}{cc}\hfill W(𝐔)=& \frac{1}{2}[a_{ijrs}u_{i,j}^{(1)}u_{r,s}^{(1)}+d_{ijrs}u_{i,j}^{(2)}u_{r,s}^{(2)}+\zeta \phi ^{(1)}\phi ^{(1)}+\mu \phi ^{(2)}\phi ^{(2)}+\hfill \\ & +\alpha _{ij}\phi _{,i}^{(1)}\phi _{,j}^{(1)}+\gamma _{ij}\phi _{,i}^{(2)}\phi _{,j}^{(2)}+a_{ij}d_i(𝐔)d_j(𝐔)]+b_{ijrs}u_{i,j}^{(1)}u_{r,s}^{(2)}+\hfill \\ & +\tau _{ij}u_{i,j}^{(1)}\phi ^{(1)}+\sigma _{ij}u_{i,j}^{(1)}\phi ^{(2)}+M_{ij}u_{i,j}^{(2)}\phi ^{(1)}+N_{ij}u_{i,j}^{(2)}\phi ^{(2)}+\hfill \\ & +\beta _{ij}\phi _{,i}^{(1)}\phi _{,j}^{(2)}+b_{ij}d_i(𝐔)\phi _{,j}^{(1)}+c_{ij}d_i(𝐔)\phi _{,j}^{(2)}+\tau \phi ^{(1)}\phi ^{(2)}.\hfill \end{array}$$
(15)
Using the symmetry relation (4), we get

$$\begin{array}{c}a_{ijrs}=a_{rsij},d_{ijrs}=d_{rsij},a_{ij}=a_{ji}.\hfill \\ \alpha _{ij}=\alpha _{ji},\gamma _{ij}=\gamma _{ji}.\hfill \end{array}$$
(16)
The constitutive equations (5) become

$$\begin{array}{c}S_{ji}^{(1)}(𝐔)=a_{ijrs}u_{r,s}^{(1)}+b_{ijrs}u_{r,s}^{(2)}+\tau _{ij}\phi ^{(1)}+\sigma _{ij}\phi ^{(2)},\hfill \\ S_{ji}^{(2)}(𝐔)=b_{rsij}u_{r,s}^{(1)}+d_{ijrs}u_{r,s}^{(2)}+M_{ij}\phi ^{(1)}+N_{ij}\phi ^{(2)},\hfill \\ g^{(1)}(𝐔)=\tau _{rs}u_{r,s}^{(1)}M_{rs}u_{r,s}^{(2)}\zeta \phi ^{(1)}\tau \phi ^{(2)},\hfill \\ g^{(2)}(𝐔)=\sigma _{rs}u_{r,s}^{(1)}N_{rs}u_{r,s}^{(2)}\tau \phi ^{(1)}\mu \phi ^{(2)},\hfill \\ p_i(𝐔)=a_{ij}d_j(𝐔)+b_{ij}\phi _{,j}^{(1)}+c_{ij}\phi _{,j}^{(2)},\hfill \\ h_i^{(1)}(𝐔)=\alpha _{ij}\phi _{,j}^{(1)}+\beta _{ij}\phi _{,j}^{(2)}+b_{ji}d_j(𝐔),\hfill \\ h_i^{(2)}(𝐔)=\beta _{ji}\phi _{,j}^{(1)}+\gamma _{ij}\phi _{,j}^{(2)}+c_{ji}d_j(𝐔).\hfill \end{array}$$
(17)
It follows from the equations (15), (16), (17) that

$$2W(𝐔)=\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\left[S_{ji}^{(\alpha )}(𝐔)u_{i,j}^{(\alpha )}+p_i(𝐔)d_i(𝐔)+h_i^{(\alpha )}(𝐔)\phi _{,i}^{(\alpha )}g^{(\alpha )}(𝐔)\phi ^{(\alpha )}\right].$$
(18)
and

$$\dot{W}(𝐔)=\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\left[S_{ji}^{(\alpha )}(𝐔)\dot{u}_{i,j}^{(\alpha )}+p_i(𝐔)\dot{d}_i(𝐔)+h_i^{(\alpha )}(𝐔)\dot{\phi }_{,i}^{(\alpha )}g^{(\alpha )}(𝐔)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}\right].$$
(19)
We consider the initial-boundary value problem $`𝒫`$ defined by the equations of motion (1), the geometrical equations (2) and the constitutive equations (5) and the following initial-boundary conditions

$$\begin{array}{c}u_i^{(\alpha )}=a_i^{(\alpha )},\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}=\dot{a}_i^{(\alpha )},\hfill \\ \phi ^{(\alpha )}=\phi _0^{(\alpha )},\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}=\dot{\phi }_0^{(\alpha )}\text{ on }B\times \{0\}.\hfill \end{array}$$
(20)
and

$$\begin{array}{c}u_i^{(\alpha )}=\stackrel{~}{u}_i^{(\alpha )}\text{ on }\overline{\mathrm{\Sigma }}_1\times I,s_i^{(\alpha )}=\stackrel{~}{s}_i^{(\alpha )}\text{ on }\mathrm{\Sigma }_2\times I,\hfill \\ \phi ^{(\alpha )}=\stackrel{~}{\phi }^{(\alpha )}\text{ on }\overline{\mathrm{\Sigma }}_3\times I,h^{(\alpha )}=\stackrel{~}{h}^{(\alpha )}\text{ on }\mathrm{\Sigma }_4\times I,\hfill \end{array}$$
(21)
where $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i`$ ($`i=1,\mathrm{},4`$) are the subsets of $`B`$ such that

$$\overline{\mathrm{\Sigma }}_1\mathrm{\Sigma }_2=\overline{\mathrm{\Sigma }}_3\mathrm{\Sigma }_4=B,\mathrm{\Sigma }_1\mathrm{\Sigma }_2=\mathrm{\Sigma }_3\mathrm{\Sigma }_4=\mathrm{}.$$

The terms on right-hand in equations (20) and (21) are prescribed continuous functions; along with $`𝐟^{(1)},𝐟^{(2)},`$ $`\mathrm{}^{(1)},\mathrm{}^{(2)}`$ these constitute the external data of the problem $`𝒫`$.

An array field $`𝐔=\{𝐮^{(1)},𝐮^{(2)},\phi ^{(1)},\phi ^{(2)}\}`$, meeting all equation (1, 2, 5, 20) and (21), will be referres to as a (regular) solution of the problem $`𝒫`$.

## 3 Auxiliary identities

In this section we establish some integral identities that we will use in next sections.

Lemma 3.1 Let $`𝐔`$ be a solution of initial-boundary-value problem $`𝒫`$. Then, for every regular region $`PB`$ with regular boundary $`P`$, it follows that

$$\begin{array}{c}\frac{1}{2}_Pe^{\lambda t}\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\left[\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(t)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(t)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(t)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(t)+2W(𝐔(t))\right]dv+\hfill \\ +\frac{\lambda }{2}_0^t_Pe^{\lambda s}\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}[\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)+\hfill \\ +2W(𝐔(s))]dvds=_0^t_Pe^{\lambda s}_{\alpha =1}^2[\rho ^{(\alpha )}f_i^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\mathrm{}^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)]dvds+\hfill \\ +\frac{1}{2}_P\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\left[\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(0)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(0)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(0)^2+2W(𝐔(0))\right]dv+\hfill \\ +_0^t_Pe^{\lambda s}\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}[s_i^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(s))\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)+h^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(s))\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)]dads,\hfill \end{array}$$
(22)
where $`\lambda `$ is a positive parameter and $`tI`$.

Proof. The equations (1) and (19) lead to

$$\begin{array}{c}e^{\lambda s}\frac{d}{ds}\left[\frac{1}{2}\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}[\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)+2W(𝐔(s))]\right]=\hfill \\ =e^{\lambda s}\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}[\rho ^{(\alpha )}f_i^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\mathrm{}^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)+\hfill \\ +[S_{ji}^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(s))\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)+h_j^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(s))\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)]_{,j}].\hfill \end{array}$$
(23)
By an integration of the equations (23) over $`P\times [0,t]`$ and by using the divergence theorem, we obtain the equation (22).

If we introduce

$$(t)=_B\frac{1}{2}\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\left[\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(t)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(t)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(t)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(t)+2W(𝐔(t))\right]dv,$$
(24)
then, for $`\lambda =0`$ and $`P=B`$ the equations (22) reduce to

$$\begin{array}{c}(t)=(0)+_0^t_B\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}[\rho ^{(\alpha )}f_i^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\mathrm{}^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)]dvds+\hfill \\ +_0^t_B\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}[s_i^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(s))\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)+h^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(s))\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)]dads.\hfill \end{array}$$
(25)
We note that $`(t)`$ is a measure of the energy stored in $`B`$ at time $`t`$.

Lemma 3.2 Let $`𝐔`$ be a solution of initial-boundary-value problem $`𝒫`$. Then, for every regular region $`PB`$ with regular boundary $`P`$, it follows that

$$\begin{array}{c}_P\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}[\rho ^{(\alpha )}u_i^{(\alpha )}(t)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(t)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\phi ^{(\alpha )}(t)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(t)]dv=\hfill \\ =_0^t_P\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\{[\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)]2W(𝐔(s))\}dvds+\hfill \\ +_P\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}[\rho ^{(\alpha )}u_i^{(\alpha )}(0)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(0)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\phi ^{(\alpha )}(0)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(0)]dv+\hfill \\ +_0^t_P\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}[s_i^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(s))u_i^{(\alpha )}(s)+h^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(s))\phi ^{(\alpha )}(s)]dads+\hfill \\ +_0^t_P\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}[\rho ^{(\alpha )}f_i^{(\alpha )}(s)u_i^{(\alpha )}(s)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\mathrm{}^{(\alpha )}(s)\phi ^{(\alpha )}(s)]dvds,tI.\hfill \end{array}$$
(26)
Proof. The relations (1) and (18) imply that

$$\begin{array}{c}\frac{d}{ds}\left[\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}[\rho ^{(\alpha )}u_i^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\phi ^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)]\right]=\hfill \\ =\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\left[\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)\right]+\hfill \\ +\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}[\rho ^{(\alpha )}f_i^{(\alpha )}(s)u_i^{(\alpha )}(s)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\mathrm{}^{(\alpha )}(s)\phi ^{(\alpha )}(s)2W(𝐔(s))+\hfill \\ +[S_{ji}^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(s))u_i^{(\alpha )}(s)+h_j^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(s))\phi ^{(\alpha )}(s)]_{,j}].\hfill \end{array}$$
(27)
The relation (26) follows from (27) by an integration of over $`P\times [0,t]`$ and by using the divergence theorem.

Lemma 3.3 Let $`𝐔`$ be a solution of initial-boundary-value problem. Then, for every regular region $`PB`$ with regular boundary $`P`$, it follows that

$$\begin{array}{c}2_P\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}[\rho ^{(\alpha )}u_i^{(\alpha )}(t)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(t)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\phi ^{(\alpha )}(t)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(t)]dv=\hfill \\ =_P\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}[\rho ^{(\alpha )}u_i^{(\alpha )}(0)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(2t)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(0)u_i^{(\alpha )}(2t)+\hfill \\ +\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\phi ^{(\alpha )}(0)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(2t)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\phi ^{(\alpha )}(2t)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(0)]dv+\hfill \\ +_0^t_P\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}[\rho ^{(\alpha )}f_i^{(\alpha )}(ts)u_i^{(\alpha )}(t+s)\rho ^{(\alpha )}f_i^{(\alpha )}(t+s)u_i^{(\alpha )}(ts)+\hfill \\ +\rho ^{(\alpha )}\mathrm{}^{(\alpha )}(ts)\phi ^{(\alpha )}(t+s)\rho ^{(\alpha )}\mathrm{}^{(\alpha )}(t+s)\phi ^{(\alpha )}(ts)]dvds+\hfill \\ +_0^t_P\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}[s_i^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(ts))u_i^{(\alpha )}(t+s)s_i^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(t+s))u_i^{(\alpha )}(ts)+\hfill \\ +h^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(ts))\phi ^{(\alpha )}(t+s)h^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(t+s))\phi ^{(\alpha )}(ts)]dads,tI.\hfill \end{array}$$
(28)
Proof. For every function $`\varphi C^2(I)`$, it is holds the following identity

$$\begin{array}{cc}\ddot{\varphi }(ts)\varphi (t+s)\ddot{\varphi }(t+s)\varphi (ts)=\hfill & \\ \frac{d}{ds}\{\dot{\varphi }(ts)\varphi (t+s)+\varphi (ts)\dot{\varphi }(t+s)\},\hfill & s[0,t],tI,\hfill \end{array}$$
(29)
In view of the relation (1), we have

$$\begin{array}{c}\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}[\rho ^{(\alpha )}\ddot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(ts)u_i^{(\alpha )}(t+s)\rho ^{(\alpha )}\ddot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(t+s)u_i^{(\alpha )}(ts)]=\hfill \\ \underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\{\rho ^{(\alpha )}f_i^{(\alpha )}(ts)u_i^{(\alpha )}(t+s)\rho ^{(\alpha )}f_i^{(\alpha )}(t+s)u_i^{(\alpha )}(ts)+\hfill \\ +[S_{ji}^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(ts))u_i^{(\alpha )}(t+s)S_{ji}^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(t+s))u_i^{(\alpha )}(ts)]_{,j}+\hfill \\ +[S_{ji}^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(t+s))u_{i,j}^{(\alpha )}(ts)S_{ji}^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(ts))u_{i,j}^{(\alpha )}(t+s)]\}+\hfill \\ p_i(𝐔(ts))d_i(𝐔(t+s))+p_i(𝐔(t+s))d_i(𝐔(ts)),\hfill \end{array}$$
(30)
and

$$\begin{array}{c}\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}[\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\ddot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(ts)\phi ^{(\alpha )}(t+s)\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\ddot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(t+s)\phi ^{(\alpha )}(ts)]=\hfill \\ \underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\{\rho ^{(\alpha )}\mathrm{}^{(\alpha )}(ts)\phi ^{(\alpha )}(t+s)\rho ^{(\alpha )}\mathrm{}^{(\alpha )}(t+s)\phi ^{(\alpha )}(ts)+\hfill \\ +[h_j^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(ts))\phi ^{(\alpha )}(t+s)h_j^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(t+s))\phi ^{(\alpha )}(ts)]_{,j}+\hfill \\ +[h_j^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(t+s))\phi _{,j}^{(\alpha )}(ts)h_j^{\alpha )}(𝐔(ts))\phi _{,j}^{(\alpha )}(t+s)]+\hfill \\ +g(𝐔(ts))\phi ^{(\alpha )}(t+s))g(𝐔(t+s))\phi ^{(\alpha )}(ts))\},\hfill \end{array}$$
(31)
Further, with the help of (15)–(17) we prove that

$$\begin{array}{c}\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\{S_{ji}^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(t+s))u_{i,j}^{(\alpha )}(ts)S_{ji}^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(ts))u_{i,j}^{(\alpha )}(t+s)+\hfill \\ +[h_j^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(ts))\phi ^{(\alpha )}(t+s)h_j^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(t+s))\phi ^{(\alpha )}(ts)]_{,j}+\hfill \\ +[h_j^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(t+s))\phi _{,j}^{(\alpha )}(ts)h_j^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(ts))\phi _{,j}^{(\alpha )}(t+s)]+\hfill \\ p_i(𝐔(ts))d_i(𝐔(t+s))+p_i(𝐔(t+s))d_i(𝐔(ts))+\hfill \\ +g(𝐔(ts))\phi ^{(\alpha )}(t+s)g(𝐔(t+s))\phi ^{(\alpha )}(ts)\}=0.\hfill \end{array}$$
(32)
Then, the equations (29)–(32) imply that

$$\begin{array}{c}\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\{\rho ^{(\alpha )}f_i^{(\alpha )}(ts)u_i^{(\alpha )}(t+s)\rho ^{(\alpha )}f_i^{(\alpha )}(t+s)u_i^{(\alpha )}(ts)+\hfill \\ +[S_{ji}^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(ts))u_i^{(\alpha )}(t+s)S_{ji}^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(t+s))u_i^{(\alpha )}(ts)]_{,j}+\hfill \\ \rho ^{(\alpha )}\mathrm{}^{(\alpha )}(ts)\phi ^{(\alpha )}(t+s)\rho ^{(\alpha )}\mathrm{}^{(\alpha )}(t+s)\phi ^{(\alpha )}(ts)+\hfill \\ +[h_j^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(ts))\phi ^{(\alpha )}(t+s)h_j^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(t+s))\phi ^{(\alpha )}(ts)]_{,j}\}=\hfill \\ =\frac{d}{ds}\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\{\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(ts)u_i^{(\alpha )}(t+s)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}u_i^{(\alpha )}(ts)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(t+s)\hfill \\ +\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\ddot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(ts)\phi ^{(\alpha )}(t+s)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\phi ^{(\alpha )}(ts)\ddot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(t+s)\}=\hfill \end{array}$$
(33)
The equation (28) is reached by performing an integration of the equations (33) over $`P\times [0,t]`$ and then by using the divergence theorem.

## 4 A time weighted surface measure

Having fixed a time $`TI`$, for the external given data of the problem $`𝒫`$ we define the set $`\widehat{D}_T`$ by:
i. if $`𝐱B,`$ then

$$a_i^{(1)}(𝐱)0\text{ or }\dot{a}_i^{(1)}(𝐱)0\text{ or }a_i^{(2)}(𝐱)0\text{ or }\dot{a}_i^{(2)}(𝐱)0$$

or

$$\phi _0^{(1)}(𝐱)0\text{ or }\dot{\phi }_0^{(1)}(𝐱)0\text{ or }\phi _0^{(2)}(𝐱)0\text{ or }\dot{\phi }_0^{(2)}(𝐱)0$$

or there exists $`\tau [0,T]`$ such that

$$f_i^{(1)}(𝐱,\tau )0\text{ or }f_i^{(2)}(𝐱,\tau )0\text{ or }\mathrm{}^{(1)}(𝐱,\tau )0\text{ or }\mathrm{}^{(2)}(𝐱,\tau )0;$$

ii. if $`𝐱B,`$ then there exists $`\tau [0,T]`$ such that

$$s_i^{(1)}(𝐱,\tau )\dot{u}_i^{(1)}(𝐱,\tau )0\text{ or }s_i^{(2)}(𝐱,\tau )\dot{u}_i^{(2)}(𝐱,\tau )0$$

or

$$h^{(1)}(𝐱,\tau )\dot{\phi }^{(1)}(𝐱,\tau )0\text{ or }h^{(2)}(𝐱,\tau )\dot{\phi }^{(2)}(𝐱,\tau )0.$$

The set $`\widehat{D}_T`$ represents the support of the initial and boundary data and the body force on the time interval $`[0,T]`$. In what follows, we assume $`\widehat{D}_T`$ is a bounded set.

We consider a nonempty set $`\widehat{D}_T^{}`$ which is such that $`\widehat{D}_T\widehat{D}_T^{}\overline{B}`$ and
i. if $`\widehat{D}_TB\mathrm{}`$, then we choose $`\widehat{D}_T^{}`$ to be the smallest bounded regular region in $`\overline{B}`$ that includes $`\widehat{D}_T`$ ; in particular, we set $`\widehat{D}_T^{}=\widehat{D}_T`$ if $`\widehat{D}_T`$ it also happens to be a regular region;
ii. if $`\mathrm{}\widehat{D}_TB`$, then we choose $`\widehat{D}_T^{}`$ to be the smallest regular subsurface of $`B`$ that includes $`\widehat{D}_T`$ ; in particular, we set $`\widehat{D}_T^{}=\widehat{D}_T`$ if $`\widehat{D}_T`$ is a regular subsurface of $`B`$;
iii. if $`\widehat{D}_T=\mathrm{}`$, then we choose $`\widehat{D}_T^{}`$ to be an arbitrary nonempty regular subsurface of $`B`$.

Now, we mean the set $`D_r,`$ by

$$D_r=\{𝐱\overline{B}:\widehat{D}_T^{}\overline{\mathrm{\Sigma }}(𝐱,r)\mathrm{}\},r0,$$
(34)
where $`\overline{\mathrm{\Sigma }}(𝐱,r)`$ is the closed ball with radius $`r`$ and center at $`𝐱`$. Further, we use the notation $`B_r`$ for the part of $`B`$ contained in $`\overline{B}D_r`$ and $`B(r_1,r_2)=B_{r_2}B_{r_1},r_1>r_2`$; $`S_r`$ denotes the subsurface of $`B_r`$ contained into inside of $`B`$ and whose outward unit normal vector $`𝐧`$ is forwarded to the exterior of $`D_r`$. Of course, taking into account that for each $`r>0`$, $`\widehat{D}_TD_r`$ and $`\widehat{D}_TB_r=\mathrm{}`$, we get

$$\begin{array}{cc}\stackrel{~}{u}_i^{(\alpha )}=0,v_i^{(\alpha )}=0,\stackrel{~}{\phi }^{(\alpha )}=0,\stackrel{~}{\zeta }^{(\alpha )}=0\hfill & \text{ on }B_r,\hfill \\ f_i^{(\alpha )}=0,\mathrm{}^{(\alpha )}=0\hfill & \text{ on }B_r\times [0,T],\hfill \\ s_i^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}=0h^{(\alpha )}\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}=0\hfill & \text{ on }(B_rB)\times [0,T].\hfill \end{array}$$
(35)
For a fixed positive parameter $`\lambda `$ and for any $`r0`$, $`t[0,T]`$, we define the time–weighted surface power function $`P(r,t)`$

$$P(r,t)=_0^t_{S_r}e^{\lambda s}\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\left[s_i^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(s))\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)+h^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(s))\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)\right]dads.$$
(36)
In the following Lemmas, we show some relevant properties of the function $`P(r,t)`$.

Lemma 4.1 Let $`𝐔`$ be a solution of initial-boundary-value problem $`𝒫`$ and $`\widehat{D}_T`$ be the bounded support of the external data on the time interval $`[0,T]`$. Then, the corresponding time–weighted surface power function $`P(r,t)`$ is a continuous differentiable function on $`r0`$, $`t[0,T]`$ and

$$\frac{}{t}P(r,t)=_{S_r}e^{\lambda t}\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\left[s_i^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(t))\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(t)+h^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(t))\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(t)\right]da;$$
(37)
$$\begin{array}{cc}\frac{}{r}P(r,t)=\hfill & \frac{1}{2}_{S_r}e^{\lambda t}\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}[\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(t)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(t)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(t)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(t)+\hfill \\ & +2W(𝐔(t))]da\frac{\lambda }{2}^t_0_{S_r}e^{\lambda s}_{\alpha =1}^2[\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)+\hfill \\ & +\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)+2W(𝐔(s))]dads.\hfill \end{array}$$
(38)
Moreover, at a fixed $`t[0,T]`$, $`P(r,t)`$ is a non–increasing function with respect to $`r`$.

Proof.  The equation (37) is an immediate consequence of the definition of $`P(r,t)`$.

The Lemma 3.1 for $`B(r_1,r_2)`$ and the divergence theorem imply

$$\begin{array}{c}P(r_1,t)P(r_2,t)=\hfill \\ =_0^t_{B(r_1,r_2)}e^{\lambda s}\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\left[\rho ^{(\alpha )}f_i^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\mathrm{}^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)\right]dvds+\hfill \\ \frac{1}{2}_0^t_{B(r_1,r_2)}e^{\lambda s}\frac{}{s}\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}[\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)+\hfill \\ +2W(𝐔)(s))]dvds,\hfill \end{array}$$
(39)
with $`0r_2r_1`$ and fixed $`t>0`$. By using equations (35) and performing an integration by parts, the relation (39) becomes

$$\begin{array}{c}P(r_1,t)P(r_2,t)=\frac{1}{2}_{B(r_1,r_2)}e^{\lambda t}\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}[\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(t)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(t)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(t)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(t)+\hfill \\ +2W(𝐔(t))]dv\frac{\lambda }{2}^t_0_{B(r_1,r_2)}e^{\lambda s}_{\alpha =1}^2[\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)+\hfill \\ +2W(𝐔(s))]dvds.\hfill \end{array}$$
(40)
This relation straighty leads to (38).

Since we have assumed that $`\rho ^{(\alpha )}`$, $`\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}`$ are strictly positive, $`\lambda `$ is positive and $`W(𝐔)`$ is a positive definite quadratic form, the equation (40) gives

$$P(r_1,t)P(r_2,t)\text{with }r_1r_2.\text{ }$$
(41)
Lemma 4.2 Let $`𝐔`$ be a solution of initial-boundary-value problem $`𝒫`$ and $`\widehat{D}_T`$ be the bounded support of the external data on the time interval $`[0,T]`$. Then, the function $`P(r,t)`$ satisfies the following first–order differential inequalities, for any $`r0`$, $`t[0,T]`$

$$\frac{\lambda }{c}\left|P(r,t)\right|+\frac{}{r}P(r,t)0,$$
(42)
$$\frac{1}{c}\left|\frac{}{t}P(r,t)\right|+\frac{}{r}P(r,t)0,$$
(43)
where

$$c=\sqrt{\frac{\xi _M}{m}}\text{ with }m=\text{min }\{\rho ^{(1)},\rho ^{(2)},\rho ^{(1)}\stackrel{(1)}{\stackrel{}{\chi }},\rho ^{(2)}\stackrel{(2)}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\}.$$
(44)
and $`\xi _M`$ is the maximum elastic moduli.

Proof.  It follows from Schwarz’s inequality and the arithmetic–geometric mean inequality

$$\begin{array}{c}\left|\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\left[s_i^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(t))\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(t)+h^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(t))\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(t)\right]\right|\hfill \\ \frac{1}{2}\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}[\epsilon \rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(t)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(t)+\frac{1}{\epsilon \rho ^{(\alpha )}}s_i^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(t))s_i^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(t))+\hfill \\ +\epsilon \rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(t)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(t)+\frac{1}{\epsilon \rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}}h^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(t))h^{(\alpha )}(𝐔(t))],\hfill \end{array}$$
(45)
where $`\epsilon `$ is an arbitrary positive constant.

Using the relations (36, 45, 44, 13) and taking $`\epsilon =c`$, we deduce

$$\begin{array}{cc}\left|P(r,t)\right|\frac{c}{2}_0^t_{S_r}\hfill & e^{\lambda s}\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}[\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)+\hfill \\ & +2W(𝐔(s))]dads\hfill \end{array}$$
(46)
for $`r0`$ and $`0tT`$.

Similarly, from (37) we obtain

$$\begin{array}{cc}\left|\frac{}{t}P(r,t)\right|\frac{c}{2}_{S_r}\hfill & e^{\lambda t}\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}[\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(t)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(t)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(t)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(t)+\hfill \\ & +2W(𝐔(t))]da.\hfill \end{array}$$
(47)
for $`r0`$ and $`t[0,T]`$. By the equation (38) and the relations (46) and (47) we obtain the result.

Lemma 4.3 Let $`𝐔`$ be a solution of initial-boundary-value problem $`𝒫`$ and $`\widehat{D}_T`$ be the bounded support of the external data on the time interval $`[0,T]`$. Then, it follows that

$$P(r,t)0,\text{ for }r0,0tT;$$
(48)
moreover

$$P(r,t)=E(r,t),$$
(49)
where

$$\begin{array}{cc}E(r,t)=\frac{1}{2}_{B_r}\hfill & e^{\lambda t}\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}[\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(t)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(t)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(t)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(t)+\hfill \\ & +2W(𝐔(t))]dv+\frac{\lambda }{2}^t_0_{B_r}e^{\lambda s}_{\alpha =1}^2[\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)+\hfill \\ & +\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)+2W(𝐔(s))]dvds.\hfill \end{array}$$
(50)
Proof.  If B is a bounded body, then the variable $`r`$ ranges on $`[0,L]`$, where

$$L=max\{min\{[(x_iy_i)(x_iy_i)]^{\frac{1}{2}}:𝐲\widehat{D}_T^{}\}:𝐱\overline{B}\}<\mathrm{}.$$
(51)
Starting from the definition of $`\widehat{D}_T`$ and by using the relation (36), we obtain

$$P(L,t)=0,0tT;$$
(52)
thus, the equation (41) implies the relation (48).

If B is an unbounded body, then the variable $`r`$ ranges on $`[0,\mathrm{})`$. The inequality (43) is equivalent to

$$\frac{1}{c}\frac{}{t}P(r,t)+\frac{}{r}P(r,t)0,$$
(53)
and

$$\frac{1}{c}\frac{}{t}P(r,t)+\frac{}{r}P(r,t)0.$$
(54)
If we choose the initial condition $`(r_0,t_0)`$ such that $`t_0[0,T]`$ and $`r_0ct_0`$ and we put $`t=t_0+{\displaystyle \frac{rr_0}{c}}`$ in inequality (53), then

$$\frac{d}{dr}[P(r,t_0+\frac{rr_0}{c})]0,$$
(55)
thus,

$$P(r,t_0+\frac{rr_0}{c})P(r_1,t_0+\frac{r_1r_0}{c})\text{ with }rr_1.$$
(56)
For $`r=r_0`$ and $`r_1=r_0ct_0`$, we get

$$P(r_0,t_0)P(r_0ct_0,0).$$
(57)
Similarly, by setting $`t=t_0{\displaystyle \frac{rr_0}{c}}`$ in (54), it follows

$$\frac{d}{dr}[P(r,t_0\frac{rr_0}{c})]0,$$
(58)
so that

$$P(r_0+ct_0,0)P(r_0,t_0).$$
(59)
Taking into account $`P(r_0ct_0,0)=0`$ and $`P(r_0+ct_0,0)=0`$, the relations (57), (59) imply that

$$P(r_0,t_0)=0.$$

Of course, for $`r_0\mathrm{}`$ in the above relations, it follows

$$P(\mathrm{},t_0)=\underset{r_0\mathrm{}}{lim}P(r_0,t_0)=0,$$
(60)
and, by (41), we conclude that the relation (48) is true.

The equation (49) follows from the relation (40) by means of the use of the relations (52) and (60).

## 5 Spatial behaviour

By the properties of the time-wieghted surface power function $`P`$, we establish the theorem that gives a complete description of the spatial behaviour of the elastic process in question outside of the support of the external data.

Theorem 5.1 Let $`𝐔`$ be a solution of initial-boundary-value problem, $`\widehat{D}_T`$ be the bounded support of the external data on the time interval $`[0,T]`$ and let $`P(r,t)`$ be the time–weighted surface power measure associated with $`𝐔`$.

i. Spatial behaviour:  For each fixed $`t[0,T]`$ and $`0rct`$, we have

$$P(r,t)P(0,t)exp(\frac{\lambda }{c}r);$$
(61)
ii. Domain of influence results: For each fixed $`t[0,T]`$ and $`rct`$, we have

$$\begin{array}{cc}u_i^{(1)}=0,u_i^{(2)}=0,\hfill & \\ \phi ^{(1)}=0,\phi ^{(2)}=0\text{on }B_r\times [0,T].\hfill & \end{array}$$
(62)
Proof.  The equations (42), (48) give

$$\frac{}{r}[exp(\frac{\lambda }{c}r)P(r,t)]0,0rct,0tT,$$
(63)
so that we obtain the equation (61).

If we choose $`t[0,T]`$ and we set $`r=ct`$ in (53), then

$$\frac{d}{dt}[P(ct,t)]0,$$
(64)
and

$$P(r^{},t)P(ct,t)P(0,0)=0,r^{}ct.$$
(65)
In order to (65), (41), we have for all $`rct`$

$$P(r,t)0,$$
(66)
and, taking into account (48), we obtain

$$P(r,t)=0.$$
(67)
Now, the equations (67), (49), (50) imply

$$\begin{array}{cc}E(r,t)=\hfill & \frac{1}{2}_{B_r}e^{\lambda t}\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}[\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(t)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(t)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(t)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(t)+\hfill \\ & +2W(𝐔(t))]dv+\frac{\lambda }{2}^t_0_{B_r}e^{\lambda s}_{\alpha =1}^2[\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)+\hfill \\ & +\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)+2W(𝐔(s))]dvds=0.\hfill \end{array}$$
(68)
Since $`\rho ^{(\alpha )}`$ and $`\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}`$ are strictly positive, $`\lambda `$ is positive and $`W(𝐔)`$ is a positive definite quadratic form, we have

$$\dot{u}_i^{(1)}=0,\dot{u}_i^{(2)}=0,\dot{\phi }^{(1)}=0,\dot{\phi }^{(2)}=0\text{on }B_r\times [0,T];$$
(69)
so, by (35), we obtain the equations (62).

If we put $`t=T`$ and $`r=cT`$ in the equations (62) for $`t=T`$ and $`r=cT`$ they imply that the set $`D_{cT}`$ covers a domain of elastic disturbances produced by the the data at time $`T`$, i.e.

$$u_i^{(1)}=0,u_i^{(2)}=0\phi ^{(1)}=0,\phi ^{(2)}=0\text{ on }B_{cT}\times [0,T].$$
(70)
This result is known as a so-called domain of influence theorem (see Gurtin )

As an immediata consequence of the equation (62), we establish the following uniqueness result valid for a bounded or unbounded body

Theorem 5.2(Uniqueness) It exists at most one (regular) solution for the boundary-initial-value problem.

Proof.  Thanks to the linearity of the problem, we have only to show that the null data imply null solution. Let $`\stackrel{~}{𝐔}=\{\stackrel{~}{𝐮}^{(1)},\stackrel{~}{𝐮}^{(2)},\stackrel{~}{\phi }^{(1)},\stackrel{~}{\phi }^{(2)}\}`$ a solution corresponding to null data. Since the set $`\widehat{D}_T=\mathrm{}`$ for each $`T(0,+\mathrm{})`$ and the function $`P(r,t)=0`$, we can conclude that

$$\stackrel{~}{u}_i^{(1)}=0,\stackrel{~}{u}_i^{(2)}=0,\stackrel{~}{\phi }^{(1)}=0,\stackrel{~}{\phi }^{(2)}=0\text{ on }B\times I.\text{ }$$

We remark that if $`B`$ is a bounded regular region, for values of T big enough, then it exists a value of $`t[0,T]`$ having the property that $`D_{ct}=B`$, the relation (62) becomes superfluous and the behaviour of solutions is full described by the relation (61). On the other hand, for values of $`T`$ sufficiently small, the behaviour of solutions will be described by the relation (62) almost as in B. Similar arguments are valid for an unbounded regular region.

## 6 Asymptotic equipartition of energy

Throughout this section we study the time asympototic behaviour of the solutions of the initial-boundary value problem $`𝒫_0`$ for the bounded regular region $`B`$ defined by the following equations of motion

$$\begin{array}{c}S_{ji,j}^{(\alpha )}+(1)^\alpha p_i=\rho ^{(\alpha )}\ddot{u}_i^{(\alpha )},\hfill \\ h_{i,i}^{(\alpha )}+g^{(\alpha )}=\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\ddot{\phi }^{(\alpha )},\text{ on }B\times (0,+\mathrm{}),\hfill \end{array}$$
(71)
the geometrical equations (2) and the constitutive equations (5), the initial conditions (20) and the boundary conditions

$$\begin{array}{c}u_i^{(\alpha )}=0\text{ on }\overline{\mathrm{\Sigma }}_1\times I,s_i^{(\alpha )}=0\text{ on }\mathrm{\Sigma }_2\times I,\hfill \\ \phi ^{(\alpha )}=0,\text{ on }\overline{\mathrm{\Sigma }}_3\times I,h^{(\alpha )}=0\text{ on }\mathrm{\Sigma }_4\times I.\hfill \end{array}$$
(72)
Now, we introduce the Cesàro means of various energies associated with the solution $`𝐔`$ of the problem $`𝒫_0`$ :

$$\begin{array}{c}𝒦_C^u(t)=\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\frac{1}{2t}_0^t_B\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)𝑑v𝑑s,\hfill \\ 𝒦_C^\phi (t)=\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\frac{1}{2t}_0^t_B\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)\phi ^{(\alpha )}(s)dvds,\hfill \\ S_C(t)=\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\frac{1}{t}_0^t_BW(𝐔(s))𝑑v𝑑s,\hfill \end{array}$$
(73)
and

$$𝒦_C(t)=𝒦_C^u(t)+𝒦_C^\phi (t),$$
(74)
If $`meas\mathrm{\Sigma }_1=0`$ , then there exists a family of rigid motions and null change in volume fraction which satisfy the equations (71, 2, 5, 20) and (72). We decompose the initial data $`a_i^{(\alpha )}`$ and $`\dot{a}_i^{(\alpha )}`$ as

$$a_i^{(\alpha )}=\overline{a}_i^{(\alpha )}+A_i^{(\alpha )},\dot{a}_i^{(\alpha )}=\dot{\overline{a}_i}^{(\alpha )}+\dot{A}_i^{(\alpha )},$$
(75)
where $`\overline{a}_i^{(\alpha )}`$ and $`\dot{\overline{a}_i}^{(\alpha )}`$ are the rigid displacements determined so that $`A_i^{(\alpha )}`$ and $`\dot{A}_i^{(\alpha )}`$ satisfy the normalization restrictions

$$\begin{array}{c}_B\rho ^{(\alpha )}A_i^{(\alpha )}𝑑v=0,_B\rho ^{(\alpha )}\epsilon _{ijk}x_jA_k^{(\alpha )}𝑑v=0,\hfill \\ _B\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{A}_i^{(\alpha )}𝑑v=0,_B\rho ^{(\alpha )}\epsilon _{ijk}x_j\dot{A}_k^{(\alpha )}𝑑v=0,\hfill \end{array}$$
(76)
and $`\epsilon _{ijk}`$ is the alternating symbol.

We put

$$\begin{array}{cc}\widehat{𝐂}^1(B)\hfill & \{𝐯\text{ whit }v_iC^1(\overline{B}):v_i=0\text{on }\mathrm{\Sigma }_1\text{ if }meas\mathrm{\Sigma }_10,\hfill \\ & \text{ or }_B\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\rho ^{(\alpha )}v_idv=0,_B\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\rho ^{(\alpha )}\epsilon _{ijk}x_jv_kdv=0\}\text{ if }meas\mathrm{\Sigma }_1=0,\hfill \end{array}$$

and

$$\widehat{C}^1(B)\{\zeta C^1(B):\zeta =0\text{ on }\mathrm{\Sigma }_3\},$$

and

$$\widehat{𝐖}_1(B)\text{the completion of}\widehat{𝐂}^1(B)\text{by means of }_{𝐖_1(B)},$$

and

$$\widehat{W}_1(B)\text{the completion of }\widehat{C}^1(B)\text{by means of }_{W_1(B)}.$$

The spaces $`W_m(B)`$ represents the familiar Sobolev space and $`𝐖_m(B)[W_m(B)]^3`$.

The equation (10) assures that the following Korn’s inequality  holds

$$_B\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}2W(𝐕)dvm_1_B\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}(v_i^{(\alpha )}v_i^{(\alpha )}+\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\varphi ^{(\alpha )}\varphi ^{(\alpha )})dv,m_1=\text{const.}>0,$$
(77)
for every $`𝐕=\{𝐯^{(1)},𝐯^{(2)},\varphi ^{(1)},\varphi ^{(2)}\}:𝐯^{(\alpha )}\widehat{𝐖}_1(B),\varphi ^{(\alpha )}\widehat{W}_1(B)`$.

If meas$`\mathrm{\Sigma }_1=0`$ , then we shall find it a convenient practice to decompose the solution $`𝐔=\{𝐮^{(1)},𝐮^{(2)},\phi ^{(1)},\phi ^{(2)}\}`$ of the problem $`𝒫_0`$ in the form

$$u_i^{(\alpha )}=\overline{a}_i^{(\alpha )}+t\dot{\overline{a}}_i^{(\alpha )}+v_i^{(\alpha )},\phi ^{(\alpha )}=\varphi ^{(\alpha )},$$
(78)
where $`𝐕==\{𝐯^{(1)},𝐯^{(2)},\varphi ^{(1)},\varphi ^{(2)}\}\widehat{𝐖}_1(B)\times \widehat{𝐖}_1(B)\times \widehat{W}_1(B)\times \widehat{W}_1(B)`$ represents the solution of the problem $`𝒫_0`$ with the initial data $`\{\overline{a}_i^{(\alpha )},\phi _0^{(\alpha )}\}`$ and $`\{\dot{\overline{a}}_i^{(\alpha )},\dot{\phi }_0^{(\alpha )}\}`$.

Theorem 6.1 Let $`𝐔`$ is the solution to the problem $`𝒫_0`$. Then, for all choise of initial data with $`𝐚^{(\alpha )}𝐖_1(B)`$ , $`\dot{𝐚}^{(\alpha )}𝐖_0(B)`$, $`\phi _0^{(\alpha )}W_1(B)`$ , $`\dot{\phi }_0^{(\alpha )}W_0(B)`$. Then the following asymptotic behaviour of the solution $`𝐔`$ holds:

i. if $`\mathrm{𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠}\mathrm{\Sigma }_10`$ , we have

$$\underset{t\mathrm{}}{lim}𝒦_C(t)=\underset{t\mathrm{}}{lim}S_C(t)=\frac{1}{2}(0);$$
(79)
ii. if $`\mathrm{𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠}\mathrm{\Sigma }_1=0`$, we have

$$\begin{array}{c}\underset{t\mathrm{}}{lim}𝒦_C(t)=\underset{t\mathrm{}}{lim}S_C(t)+\frac{1}{2}_B\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{a}_i^{(\alpha )}\dot{a}_i^{(\alpha )}dv=\hfill \\ =\frac{1}{2}(0)+\frac{1}{2}_B\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{a}_i^{(\alpha )}\dot{a}_i^{(\alpha )}dv,\hfill \end{array}$$
(80)
where $`(t)`$ is defined by (24).

Proof. Respect to the problem $`𝒫_0`$ it follows that $`𝐟^{(1)}=\mathrm{𝟎}`$, $`𝐟^{(2)}=\mathrm{𝟎}`$, $`\mathrm{}^{(1)}=0`$, $`\mathrm{}^{(2)}=0`$ and the boundary conditions (72) are verified. Thus, the equation (25) becomes

$$(t)=(0),t0.$$
(81)
so that

$$𝒦_C(t)+S_C(t)=(0),\text{for all}t0.$$
(82)
On the other hand, the relations (26) and (28) imply

$$\begin{array}{c}𝒦_C(t)S_C(t)=\frac{1}{4t}_B\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\{2\rho ^{(\alpha )}u_i^{(\alpha )}(0)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(0)+2\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\phi ^{(\alpha )}(0)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(0)+\hfill \\ +\rho ^{(\alpha )}\{u_i^{(\alpha )}(0)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(2t)+\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(0)u_i^{(\alpha )}(2t)+\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\phi ^{(\alpha )}(0)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(2t)+\hfill \\ +\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\phi ^{(\alpha )}(2t)\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(0)\}dv,t>0.\hfill \end{array}$$
(83)
The relations (10), (24) and (81) imply

$$\begin{array}{c}_B\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)𝑑v2(0),\hfill \\ _B\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)\phi ^{(\alpha )}(s)dv2(0),\hfill \\ _B\phi ^{(\alpha )}(s)\phi ^{(\alpha )}(s)𝑑v\frac{2}{\xi _m}_B\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}W(𝐔(s))dv\frac{2}{\xi _m}(0),\hfill \end{array}$$
(84)
thus

$$\begin{array}{c}\underset{s\mathrm{}}{lim}\frac{1}{s}_B\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(s)𝑑v=0,\hfill \\ \underset{s\mathrm{}}{lim}\frac{1}{s}_B\rho ^{(\alpha )}\stackrel{(\alpha )}{\stackrel{}{\chi }}\dot{\phi }^{(\alpha )}(s)\phi ^{(\alpha )}(s)dv=0,\hfill \\ \underset{s\mathrm{}}{lim}\frac{1}{s}_B\phi ^{(\alpha )}(s)\phi ^{(\alpha )}(s)𝑑v=0.\hfill \end{array}$$
(85)
By using the Schwarz’s inequality and the relation (85) in (83), we obtain

$$\underset{t\mathrm{}}{lim}𝒦_C(t)\underset{t\mathrm{}}{lim}S_C(t)=\underset{t\mathrm{}}{lim}\frac{1}{4t}_B\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(0)u_i^{(\alpha )}(2t)dv.$$
(86)
When $`\mathrm{𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠}\mathrm{\Sigma }_10`$, then for $`𝐮\widehat{𝐖}_1(B)`$ , $`\phi ^{(\alpha )}\widehat{W}_1(B)`$ , the relations (24), (77) and (81) imply

$$_B\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}u_i^{(\alpha )}(s)u_i^{(\alpha )}(s)dv\frac{1}{m_1}_B\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}2W(𝐔(s))dv\frac{2}{m_1}(0),$$
(87)
and, by means of the Schwarz’s inequality, we obtain

$$\underset{t\mathrm{}}{lim}\{\frac{1}{4t}_B\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(0)u_i^{(\alpha )}(2t)dv\}=0.$$
(88)
Then, by the equations (86) and (88) we have

$$\underset{t\mathrm{}}{lim}𝒦_C(t)\underset{t\mathrm{}}{lim}S_C(t)=0.$$
(89)
The relations (82) and (89) imply (79).

When $`\mathrm{𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠}\mathrm{\Sigma }_1=0`$, then, the equation (75), (76) and (78) lead to

$$\begin{array}{c}\frac{1}{4t}_B\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(0)u_i^{(\alpha )}(2t)dv=\frac{1}{4t}_B\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{\overline{a}}_i\overline{a}_idv+\hfill \\ +\frac{1}{4t}_B\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\rho ^{(\alpha )}(\dot{\overline{a}}_i^{(\alpha )}+\dot{A}_i^{(\alpha )})v_i(2t)dv+\frac{1}{2}_B\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{\overline{a}}_i^{(\alpha )}\dot{\overline{a}}_i^{(\alpha )}dv.\hfill \end{array}$$
(90)
Since $`𝐕=\{𝐯^{(1)},𝐯^{(2)},\varphi ^{(1)},\varphi ^{(2)}\}\widehat{𝐖}_1(B)\times \widehat{𝐖}_1(B)\times \widehat{W}_1(B)\times \widehat{W}_1(B)`$, from (24), (77) and (81), we deduce that

$$_B\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}v_i^{(\alpha )}(s)v_i^{(\alpha )}(s)dv\frac{2}{m_1}_B\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}W(𝐕(s))dv\frac{2}{m_1}(0).$$
(91)
Taking into account of the equations (90) and (91), we have

$$\underset{t\mathrm{}}{lim}\frac{1}{4t}_B\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{u}_i^{(\alpha )}(0)u_i^{(\alpha )}(2t)dv=\frac{1}{2}_B\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{\overline{a}}_i^{(\alpha )}\dot{\overline{a}}_i^{(\alpha )}dv.$$
(92)
With the aid of the equations (86) and (92), we conclude that

$$\begin{array}{c}\underset{t\mathrm{}}{lim}𝒦_C(t)=\underset{t\mathrm{}}{lim}S_C(t)+\frac{1}{2}_B\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{2}{}}\rho ^{(\alpha )}\dot{a}_i^{(\alpha )}\dot{a}_i^{(\alpha )}dv.\hfill \end{array}$$
(93)
Moreover, the equations (82) and (93) lead to (80).