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# Recollement and Tilting Complexes

## 0. Introduction

The notion of recollement of triangulated categories was introduced by Beilinson, Bernstein and Deligne in connection with derived categories of sheaves of topological spaces (). In the representation theory, Cline, Parshall and Scott applied this notion to finite dimensional algebras over a field, and introduced the notion of quasi-hereditary algebras (, ). In quasi-hereditary algebras, idempotents of algebras play an important role. In , Rickard introduced the notion of tilting complexes as a generalization of tilting modules. Many constructions of tilting complexes have a relation to idempotents of algebras (e.g. , , , ). We studied constructions of tilting complexes of term length 2 which has an application to symmetric algebras (). In the case of algebras of infinite global dimension, we cannot treat recollement of derived categories of bounded complexes such as one in the case of quasi-hereditary algebras. In this paper, we study recollement of derived categories of unbounded complexes of modules for projective algebras over a commutative ring $`k`$, and give the conditions that tilting complexes induce equivalences between recollements induced by idempotents. Moreover, we give some constructions of tilting complexes over symmetric algebras.

In Section 2, for a projective algebra $`A`$ over a commutative ring $`k`$, we study a recollement $`\{𝒦_P,𝖣(A),𝖣(B)\}`$ of a derived category $`𝖣(A)`$ of unbounded complexes of right $`A`$-modules induced by a partial tilting complex $`P^{}`$, where $`B=\mathrm{End}_{𝖣(A)}(P^{})`$. We show that there exists the triangle $`\xi _V`$ in $`𝖣(\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}A^\mathrm{e})`$ which induce adjoint functors of this recollement, and that the triangle $`\xi _V`$ is isomorphic to a triangle which is constructed by a $`P^{}`$-resolution of $`A`$ in the sense of Rickard (Theorem 2.8, Proposition 2.15, Corollary 2.16). In general, this recollement is out of localizations of triangulated categories which Neeman treated in  (Corollary 2.9). Moreover, we study a recollement $`\{𝖣_{A/AeA}(A),𝖣(A),𝖣(eAe)\}`$ which is induced by an idempotent $`e`$ of $`A`$ (Proposition 2.17, Corollary 2.19). In Section 3, we study equivalences between recollements which are induced by idempotents. We give equivalent conditions for $`P^{}`$ to be a tilting complex inducing an equivalence between recollements $`\{𝖣_{A/AeA}(A),𝖣(A),𝖣(eAe)\}`$ and $`\{𝖣_{B/BfB}(B),𝖣(B),𝖣(fBf)\}`$ (Theorem 3.5). We call this tilting complex a recollement tilting complex related to an idempotent $`e`$. There are many symmetric properties between algebras $`A`$ and $`B`$ for a two-sided recollement tilting complex $`{}_{B}{}^{}T_{A}^{}`$(Corollaries 3.7, 3.8). Moreover, we have an unbounded bimodule complex $`\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{}𝖣(B^{}A)`$ which induces an equivalence between $`𝖣_{A/AeA}(A)`$ and $`𝖣_{B/BfB}(B)`$. The complex $`\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{}`$ is a compact object in $`𝖣_{A/AeA}(A)`$, and satisfies properties such as a tilting complex (Propositions 3.11, 3.13, 3.14, Corollary 3.12). In Section 4, we study constructions of tilting complexes for a symmetric algebra $`A`$ over a field. First, we construct a family of complexes $`\{\mathrm{\Theta }_n^{}(P^{},A)\}_{n0}`$ from a partial tilting complex $`P^{}`$, and give equivalent conditions for $`\mathrm{\Theta }_n^{}(P^{},A)`$ to be a tilting complex (Definition 4.3, Theorem 4.6, Corollary 4.7). As applications, we show that a partial tilting complex $`P^{}`$ of length 2 extends to a tilting complex, and that $`P^{}`$ is a tilting complex if and only if the number of indecomposable types of $`P^{}`$ is one of $`A`$ (Corollaries 4.8, 4.9). This is a complex version over symmetric algebras of Bongartz’s result on classical tilting modules (). Second, for an idempotent $`e`$ of $`A`$, by the above construction a tilting complex for $`eAe`$ extends to a recollement tilting complex $`T^{}`$ related to $`e`$ (Theorem 4.11). This recollement tilting complex induces that $`A/AeA`$ is isomorphic to $`B/BfB`$ as a ring, and that the standard equivalence $`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(T^{},)`$ induces an equivalence between $`\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}A/AeA`$ and $`\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}B/BfB`$ (Corollary 4.12). This construction of tilting complexes contains constructions obtained by several authors.

## 1. Basic Tools on Projective Algebras

In this section, we recall basic tools of derived functors in the case of projective algebras over a commutative ring $`k`$. Throughout this section, we deal only with projective $`k`$-algebras, that is, $`k`$-algebras which are projective as $`k`$-modules. For a $`k`$-algebra $`A`$, we denote by $`\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}A`$ the category of right $`A`$-modules, and denote by $`\mathrm{𝖯𝗋𝗈𝗃}A`$ (resp., $`\mathrm{𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗃}A`$) the full additive subcategory of $`\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}A`$ consisting of projective (resp., finitely generated projective) modules. For an abelian category $`𝒜`$ and an additive category $``$, we denote by $`𝖣(𝒜)`$ (resp., $`𝖣^+(𝒜)`$, $`𝖣^{}(𝒜)`$, $`𝖣^\mathrm{b}(𝒜)`$) the derived category of complexes of $`𝒜`$ (resp., complexes of $`𝒜`$ with bounded below cohomologies, complexes of $`𝒜`$ with bounded above cohomologies, complexes of $`𝒜`$ with bounded cohomologies), denote by $`𝖪()`$ (resp., $`𝖪^\mathrm{b}()`$) the homotopy category of complexes (resp., bounded complexes) of $``$ (see  for details). In the case of $`𝒜==\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}A`$, we simply write $`𝖪^{}(A)`$ and $`𝖣^{}(A)`$ for $`𝖪^{}(\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}A)`$ and $`𝖣^{}(\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}A)`$, respectively. Given a $`k`$-algebra $`A`$ we denote by $`A^{}`$ the opposite algebra, and by $`A^\mathrm{e}`$ the enveloping algebra $`A^{}_kA`$. We denote by $`Res_A:\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}B^{}_kA\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}A`$ the forgetful functor, and use the same symbol $`Res_A:𝖣(B^{}_kA)𝖣(A)`$ for the induced derived functor. Throughout this paper, we simply write $``$ for $`_k`$.

In the case of projective $`k`$-algebras $`A`$, $`B`$ and $`C`$, using  Chapter IX Section 2, we don’t need to distinguish the derived functor

$`Res_k(𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_C^{}):𝖣(A^{}C)^{}\times 𝖣(B^{}C)𝖣(B^{}A)𝖣(k)`$
$`\text{(resp.,}Res_k(\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}):𝖣(A^{}B)\times 𝖣(B^{}C)𝖣(A^{}C)𝖣(k))`$
with the derived functor

$`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_C^{}(\left(Res_C\right)^{}\times Res_C):𝖣(A^{}C)^{}\times 𝖣(B^{}C)𝖣\left(C\right)^{}\times 𝖣\left(C\right)𝖣\left(k\right)`$
$`\text{(resp.,}\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}(Res_B\times Res_B^{}):𝖣(A^{}B)\times 𝖣(B^{}C)𝖣\left(B\right)\times 𝖣\left(B^{}\right)𝖣\left(k\right))`$
(see ,  and for details). We freely use this fact in this paper. Moreover, we have the following statements.

###### Proposition 1.1.

Let $`k`$ be a commutative ring, $`A,B,C,D`$ projective $`k`$-algebras. The following hold.

1. For $`{}_{A}{}^{}U_{B}^{}𝖣(A^{}B),{}_{B}{}^{}V_{C}^{}𝖣(B^{}C),{}_{C}{}^{}W_{D}^{}𝖣(C^{}D)`$, we have an isomorphism in $`𝖣(A^{}D)`$:

$$({}_{A}{}^{}U_{}^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}V_{}^{})\stackrel{}{}{}_{C}{}^{𝑳}W_{D}^{}{}_{A}{}^{}U_{}^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}(V^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{C}{}^{𝑳}W_{D}^{}).$$
2. For $`{}_{A}{}^{}U_{B}^{}𝖣(A^{}B),{}_{D}{}^{}V_{C}^{}𝖣(D^{}C),{}_{A}{}^{}W_{C}^{}𝖣(D^{}C)`$, we have an isomorphism in $`𝖣(B^{}D)`$:

$$𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}({}_{A}{}^{}U_{B}^{},𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_C^{}({}_{D}{}^{}V_{C}^{},{}_{A}{}^{}W_{C}^{}))𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_C^{}({}_{D}{}^{}V_{C}^{},𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}({}_{A}{}^{}U_{B}^{},{}_{A}{}^{}W_{C}^{})).$$
3. For $`{}_{A}{}^{}U_{B}^{}𝖣(A^{}B),{}_{B}{}^{}V_{C}^{}𝖣(B^{}C),{}_{D}{}^{}W_{C}^{}𝖣(D^{}C)`$, we have an isomorphism in $`𝖣(D^{}A)`$:

$$𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_C^{}({}_{A}{}^{}U_{}^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}V_{C}^{},{}_{D}{}^{}W_{C}^{})𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}({}_{A}{}^{}U_{B}^{},𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_C^{}({}_{B}{}^{}V_{C}^{},{}_{D}{}^{}W_{C}^{})).$$
4. For $`{}_{A}{}^{}U_{B}^{}𝖣(A^{}B),{}_{B}{}^{}V_{C}^{}𝖣(B^{}C),{}_{A}{}^{}W_{C}^{}𝖣(A^{}C)`$, we have an isomorphism in $`𝖣(k)`$:

$$𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_{A^{}C}^{}({}_{A}{}^{}U_{}^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}V_{C}^{},{}_{A}{}^{}W_{C}^{})𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_{A^{}B}^{}({}_{A}{}^{}U_{B}^{},𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_C^{}({}_{B}{}^{}V_{C}^{},{}_{A}{}^{}W_{C}^{})).$$
5. For $`{}_{A}{}^{}U_{B}^{}𝖣(A^{}B),{}_{B}{}^{}V_{C}^{}𝖣(B^{}C),{}_{A}{}^{}W_{C}^{}𝖣(A^{}C)`$, we have a commutative diagram:

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣\left(A^{}C\right)}({}_{A}{}^{}U_{}^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}V_{C}^{},{}_{A}{}^{}W_{C}^{})& \stackrel{}{}& \mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣\left(A^{}B\right)}({}_{A}{}^{}U_{B}^{},𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_C^{}({}_{B}{}^{}V_{C}^{},{}_{A}{}^{}W_{C}^{}))\\ Res_C& & Res_B\\ \mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣\left(C\right)}(U^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}V_{C}^{},W_C^{})& \stackrel{}{}& \mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣\left(B\right)}(U_B^{},𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_C^{}({}_{B}{}^{}V_{C}^{},W_C^{})),\end{array}$$

where all horizontal arrows are isomorphisms induced by 3 and 4. Equivalently, we don’t need to distinguish the adjunction arrows induced by $`{}_{B}{}^{}V_{C}^{}`$ (see , IV, 7).

###### Definition 1.2.

A complex $`X^{}𝖣(A)`$ is called a perfect complex if $`X^{}`$ is isomorphic to a complex of $`𝖪^\mathrm{b}(\mathrm{𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗃}A)`$ in $`𝖣(A)`$. We denote by $`𝖣(A)_{\mathrm{perf}}`$ the triangulated full subcategory of $`𝖣(A)`$ consisting of perfect complexes. A bimodule complex $`X^{}𝖣(B^{}_kA)`$ is called a biperfect complex if $`Res_A(X^{})𝖣(A)_{\mathrm{perf}}`$ and if $`Res_B^{}(X^{})𝖣(B^{})_{\mathrm{perf}}`$.

For an object $`C`$ of a triangulated category $`𝒟`$, $`C`$ is called a compact object in $`𝒟`$ if $`\mathrm{Hom}_𝒟(C,)`$ commutes with arbitrary coproducts on $`𝒟`$.

For a complex $`X^{}=(X^i,d^i)`$, we define the following truncations:

$`\sigma _nX^{}`$ $`:\mathrm{}X^{n2}X^{n1}\mathrm{Ker}d^n0\mathrm{},`$
$`\sigma _{}^{}{}_{n}{}^{}X^{}`$ $`:\mathrm{}0\mathrm{Cok}d^{n1}X^{n+1}X^{n+2}\mathrm{}.`$
The following characterization of perfect complexes is well known (cf. ). For the convenience of the reader, we give a simple proof.

###### Proposition 1.3.

For $`X^{}𝖣(A)`$, the following are equivalent.

1. $`X^{}`$ is a perfect complex.
2. $`X^{}`$ is a compact object in $`𝖣(A)`$.

###### Proof.

1 $``$ 2. It is trivial, because we have isomorphisms:

$`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(X^{},)`$ $`R^0\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(X^{},)`$
$`\mathrm{H}^0(\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(X^{},A)).`$
2 $``$ 1. According to  or , there is a complex $`P^{}:\mathrm{}P^{n1}\stackrel{d^{n1}}{}P^n\mathrm{}𝖪(\mathrm{𝖯𝗋𝗈𝗃}A)`$ such that

1. $`P^{}X^{}`$ in $`𝖣(A)`$,
2. $`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖪(A)}(P^{},)\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(P^{},)`$.

Consider the complex $`C^{}:\mathrm{}\stackrel{0}{}\mathrm{Cok}d^{n1}\stackrel{0}{}\mathrm{}`$, then it is easy to see that $`C^{}=`$ the coproduct $`_n\mathrm{Cok}d^{n1}[n]=`$ the product $`_n\mathrm{Cok}d^{n1}[n]`$, that is the biproduct $`_n\mathrm{Cok}d^{n1}[n]`$ of $`\mathrm{Cok}d^{n1}[n]`$. Since we have isomorphisms in $`\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}k`$:

$`{\displaystyle \underset{n}{}}\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖪(A)}(P^{},\mathrm{Cok}d^{n1}[n])`$ $`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖪(A)}(P^{},{\displaystyle \underset{n}{}}\mathrm{Cok}d^{n1}[i])`$
$`{\displaystyle \underset{n}{}}\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖪(A)}(P^{},\mathrm{Cok}d^{n1}[n]),`$
it is easy to see $`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖪(A)}(P^{},\mathrm{Cok}d^{n1}[n])=0`$ for all but finitely many $`n`$. Then there are $`mn`$ such that $`P^{}\sigma _{}^{}{}_{m}{}^{}\sigma _nP^{}`$ and $`\sigma _{}^{}{}_{m}{}^{}\sigma _nP^{}𝖪^\mathrm{b}(\mathrm{𝖯𝗋𝗈𝗃}A)`$. According to  Proposition 6.3, we complete the proof. ∎

###### Definition 1.4.

We call a complex $`X^{}𝖣(A)`$ a partial tilting complex if

1. $`X^{}𝖣(A)_{\mathrm{perf}}`$,
2. $`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(X^{},X^{}[n])=0`$ for all $`n0`$.

###### Definition 1.5.

Let $`X^{}𝖣(A)`$ be a partial tilting complex, and $`B=\mathrm{End}_{𝖣(A)}(X^{})`$. According to  Theorem, there exists a unique bimodule complex $`V^{}𝖣(B^{}A)`$ up to isomorphism such that

1. there is an isomorphism $`\varphi :X^{}\stackrel{}{}Res_AV^{}`$ in $`𝖣(A)`$ such that $`\varphi f=\lambda _B(f)\varphi `$ for any $`f\mathrm{End}_{𝖣(A)}(X^{})`$, where $`\lambda _B:B\mathrm{End}_{𝖣(A)}(V^{})`$ is the left multiplication morphism.

We call $`V^{}`$ the associated bimodule complex of $`X^{}`$. In this case, the left multiplication morphism $`\lambda _B:B𝐑\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(V^{},V^{})`$ is an isomorphism in $`𝖣(\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}B^\mathrm{e})`$.

Rickard showed that for a tilting complex $`P^{}`$ in $`𝖣(A)`$ with $`B=\mathrm{End}_{𝖣(A)}(P^{})`$, there exists a two-sided tilting complex $`{}_{B}{}^{}T_{A}^{}𝖣(B^{}A)`$ ().

###### Definition 1.6.

A bimodule complex $`{}_{B}{}^{}T_{A}^{}𝖣(B^{}_kA)`$ is called a two-sided tilting complex provided that

1. $`{}_{B}{}^{}T_{A}^{}`$ is a biperfect complex.
2. There exists a biperfect complex $`{}_{A}{}^{}T_{B}^{}`$ such that
(b1) $`{}_{B}{}^{}T_{}^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}T_{B}^{}B`$ in $`𝖣(B^\mathrm{e})`$,
(b2) $`{}_{A}{}^{}T_{}^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}T_{A}^{}A`$ in $`𝖣(A^\mathrm{e})`$.

We call $`{}_{A}{}^{}T_{B}^{}`$ the inverse of $`{}_{B}{}^{}T_{A}^{}`$.

###### Proposition 1.7 ().

For a two-sided tilting complex $`{}_{B}{}^{}T_{A}^{}𝖣(B^{}A)`$, the following hold.

1. We have isomorphisms in $`𝖣(A^{}B)`$:

$`{}_{A}{}^{}T_{B}^{}`$ $`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(T,A)`$
$`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}(T,B).`$
2. $`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(T^{},)\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{}:𝖣^{}(A)𝖣^{}(B)`$ is a triangle equivalence, and has $`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}(T^{},)\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{}:𝖣^{}(B)𝖣^{}(A)`$ as a quasi-inverse, where $`=`$ nothing, $`+,,\mathrm{b}`$.

In the case of projective $`k`$-algebras, by  we have also the following result (see also Lemma 2.6).

###### Proposition 1.8.

For a bimodule complex $`{}_{B}{}^{}T_{A}^{}`$, the following are equivalent.

1. $`{}_{B}{}^{}T_{A}^{}`$ is a two-sided tilting complex.
2. $`{}_{B}{}^{}T_{A}^{}`$ satisfies that
(a) $`{}_{B}{}^{}T_{A}^{}`$ is a biperfect complex,
(b) the right multiplication morphism $`\rho _A:A𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}(T^{},T^{})`$ is an isomorphism in $`𝖣(\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}A^\mathrm{e})`$,
(c) the left multiplication morphism $`\lambda _B:B𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(T^{},T^{})`$ is an isomorphism in $`𝖣(\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}B^\mathrm{e})`$.

## 2. Recollement and Partial Tilting Complexes

In this section, we study recollements of a derived category $`𝖣(A)`$ induced by a partial tilting complex $`P_A^{}`$ and induced by an idempotent $`e`$ of $`A`$. Throughout this section, all algebras are projective algebras over a commutative ring $`k`$.

###### Definition 2.1.

Let $`𝒟,𝒟^{\prime \prime }`$ be triangulated categories, and $`j^{}:𝒟𝒟^{\prime \prime }`$ a $``$-functor. If $`j^{}`$ has a fully faithful right (resp., left) adjoint $`j_{}:𝒟^{\prime \prime }𝒟`$ (resp., $`j_!:𝒟^{\prime \prime }𝒟`$), then $`\{𝒟,𝒟^{\prime \prime };j^{},j_{}\}`$ (resp., $`\{𝒟,𝒟^{\prime \prime };j_!,j^{}\}`$) is called a localization (resp., colocalization) of $`𝒟`$. Moreover, if $`j^{}`$ has a fully faithful right adjoint $`j_{}:𝒟^{\prime \prime }𝒟`$ and a fully faithful left adjoint $`j_!:𝒟^{\prime \prime }𝒟`$, then $`\{𝒟,𝒟^{\prime \prime };j_!,j^{},j_{}\}`$ is called a bilocalization of $`𝒟`$.

For full subcategories $`𝒰`$ and $`𝒱`$ of $`𝒟`$, $`(𝒰,𝒱)`$ is called a stable $`t`$-structure in $`𝒟`$ provided that

1. $`𝒰`$ and $`𝒱`$ are stable for translations.
2. $`\mathrm{Hom}_𝒟(𝒰,𝒱)=0`$.
3. For every $`X𝒟`$, there exists a triangle $`UXVU[1]`$ with $`U𝒰`$ and $`V𝒱`$.

We have the following properties.

###### Proposition 2.2 (, cf. ).

Let $`(𝒰,𝒱)`$ be a stable $`t`$-structure in a triangulated category $`𝒟`$, and let $`UXVU[1]`$ and $`U^{}X^{}V^{}U^{}[1]`$ be triangles in $`𝒟`$ with $`U,U^{}𝒰`$ and $`V,V^{}𝒱`$. For any morphism $`f:XX^{}`$, there exist a unique $`f_𝒰:UU^{}`$ and a unique $`f_𝒱:VV^{}`$ which induce a morphism of triangles:

$$\begin{array}{ccccccc}U& & X& & V& & U[1]\\ f_𝒰& & f& & f_𝒱& & f_𝒰\left[1\right]& & \\ U^{}& & X^{}& & V^{}& & U^{}[1].\end{array}$$

In particular, for any $`X𝒟`$, the above $`U`$ and $`V`$ are uniquely determined up to isomorphism.

###### Proposition 2.3 ().

The following hold.

1. If $`\{𝒟,𝒟^{\prime \prime };j^{},j_{}\}`$ (resp., $`\{𝒟,𝒟^{\prime \prime };j_!,j^{}\}`$) is a localization (resp., a colocalization) of $`𝒟`$, then $`(\mathrm{Ker}j^{},\mathrm{Im}j_{})`$ (resp., $`(\mathrm{Im}j_!,\mathrm{Ker}j^{})`$) is a stable $`t`$-structure. In this case, the adjunction arrow $`\mathrm{𝟏}_𝒟j_{}j^{}`$ (resp., $`j_!j^{}\mathrm{𝟏}_𝒟`$) implies triangles

$`UXj_{}j^{}XU[1]`$
$`\text{(resp.,}j_!j^{}XXVX[1])`$
with $`U\mathrm{Ker}j^{}`$, $`j_{}j^{}X\mathrm{Im}j_{}`$ (resp., $`j_!j^{}X\mathrm{Im}j_!`$, $`V\mathrm{Ker}j^{}`$) for all $`X𝒟`$.
2. If $`\{𝒟,𝒟^{\prime \prime };j_!,j^{},j_{}\}`$ is a bilocalization of $`𝒟`$, then the canonical embedding $`i_{}:\mathrm{Ker}j^{}𝒟`$ has a right adjoint $`i^!:𝒟\mathrm{Ker}j^{}`$and a left adjoint $`i^{}:𝒟\mathrm{Ker}j^{}`$ such that $`\{\mathrm{Ker}j^{},𝒟,𝒟^{\prime \prime };i^{},i_{},i^!,j_!,j^{},j_{}\}`$ is a recollement in the sense of .
3. If $`\{𝒟^{},𝒟,𝒟^{\prime \prime };i^{},i_{},i^!,j_!,j^{},j_{}\}`$ is a recollement, then $`\{𝒟,𝒟^{\prime \prime };j_!,j^{},j_{}\}`$ is a bilocalization of $`𝒟`$.

###### Proposition 2.4 ().

Let $`\{𝒟^{},𝒟,𝒟^{\prime \prime };i^{},i_{},i^!,j_!,j^{},j_{}\}`$ be a recollement, then
$`(\mathrm{Im}i_{},\mathrm{Im}j_{})`$ and $`(\mathrm{Im}j_!,\mathrm{Im}i_{})`$ are stable $`t`$-structures in $`𝒟`$. Moreover, the adjunction arrows $`\alpha :i_{}i^!\mathrm{𝟏}_𝒟`$, $`\beta :\mathrm{𝟏}_𝒟j_{}j^{}`$, $`\gamma :j_!j^{}\mathrm{𝟏}_𝒟`$, $`\delta :\mathrm{𝟏}_𝒟i_{}i^{}`$ imply triangles in $`𝒟`$:

$`i_{}i^!X\stackrel{\alpha _X}{}X\stackrel{\beta _X}{}j_{}j^{}Xi_{}i^!X[1],`$
$`j_!j^{}X\stackrel{\gamma _X}{}X\stackrel{\delta _X}{}i_{}i^{}Xj_!j^{}X[1],`$
for any $`X𝒟`$.

By Definition 2.1, we have the following properties.

###### Corollary 2.5.

Under the condition of Proposition 2.4, the following hold for $`X𝒟`$.

1. $`i_{}i^!XX`$ (resp., $`Xj_{}j^{}X`$) in $`𝒟`$ if and only if $`\alpha _X`$ (resp., $`\beta _X`$) is an isomorphism.
2. $`j_!j^{}XX`$ (resp., $`Xi_{}i^{}X`$) in $`𝒟`$ if and only if $`\gamma _X`$ (resp., $`\delta _X`$) is an isomorphism.

For $`X\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}C^{}A`$, $`Q\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}B^{}A`$, let

$$\tau _Q(X):X_A\mathrm{Hom}_A(Q,A)\mathrm{Hom}_A(Q,X)$$

be the morphism in $`\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}C^{}B`$ defined by $`(xf(qxf(q)))`$ for $`xX,qQ`$, $`f\mathrm{Hom}_A(Q,A)`$. We have the following functorial isomorphism of derived functors.

###### Lemma 2.6.

Let $`k`$ be a commutative ring, $`A`$, $`B`$, $`C`$ projective $`k`$-algebras, $`{}_{B}{}^{}V_{A}^{}𝖣(B^{}A)`$ with $`Res_AV^{}𝖣(A)_{\mathrm{perf}}`$, and $`V^{}=𝐑\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(V^{},A)𝖣(A^{}B)`$. Then we have the ($``$-functorial) isomorphism:

$$\tau _V:\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}V_{}^{}\stackrel{}{}𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(V^{},)$$

as derived functors $`𝖣(C^{}A)𝖣(C^{}B)`$.

###### Proof.

It is easy to see that we have a $``$-functorial morphism of derived functors
$`𝖣(C^{}A)𝖣(C^{}B)`$:

$$\tau _V:\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}V_{}^{}𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(V^{},).$$

Let $`P^{}𝖪^\mathrm{b}(\mathrm{𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗃}A)`$ which has a quasi-isomorphism $`P^{}Res_AV^{}`$. Then we have a $``$-functorial isomorphism of $``$-functors $`𝖣(C^{}A)𝖣(C^{})`$

$$\tau _P:\stackrel{}{}_A\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(P^{},A)\stackrel{}{}\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(P^{},).$$

Since $`Res_C^{}\tau _V\tau _P`$ and $`\mathrm{H}^{}(\tau _P)`$ is an isomorphism, $`\tau _V`$ is a $``$-functorial isomorphism. ∎

Concerning adjoints of the derived functor $`\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}V_{}^{}`$, by direct calculation we have the following properties.

###### Lemma 2.7.

Let $`k`$ be a commutative ring, $`A`$, $`B`$, $`C`$ projective $`k`$-algebras, $`{}_{B}{}^{}V_{A}^{}𝖣(B^{}A)`$ with $`Res_AV^{}𝖣(A)_{\mathrm{perf}}`$, and $`{}_{A}{}^{}V_{B}^{}=𝐑\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(V^{},A)𝖣(A^{}B)`$. Then the following hold.

1. $`\tau _V`$ induces the adjoint isomorphism:

$`\mathrm{\Phi }:\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(C^{}B)}(,\mathrm{?}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}V_{}^{})`$ $`\stackrel{}{}\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(C^{}A)}(\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}V_{}^{},\mathrm{?}).`$
Therefore, we get the morphism $`\epsilon _V:V^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}V_{}^{}A`$ in $`𝖣(A^\mathrm{e})`$ (resp., $`\vartheta _V:BV^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}V_{}^{}`$ in $`𝖣(B^\mathrm{e})`$) from the adjunction arrow of $`A𝖣(A^\mathrm{e})`$ (resp., $`B𝖣(B^\mathrm{e})`$).
2. In the adjoint isomorphism of 1, the adjunction arrow $`\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}V_{}^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}V_{}^{}\mathrm{𝟏}_{𝖣(C^{}A)}`$ (resp., $`\mathrm{𝟏}_{𝖣(C^{}B)}\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}V_{}^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}V_{}^{}`$) is isomorphic to $`\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\epsilon _{V}^{}`$ (resp., $`\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}\vartheta _{V}^{}`$).
3. In the adjoint isomorphism:

$$\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(C^{}A)}(,𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}(V^{},\mathrm{?}))\stackrel{}{}\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(C^{}B)}(\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}V_{}^{},\mathrm{?}),$$

the adjunction arrow $`\mathrm{𝟏}_{𝖣(C^{}A)}𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}(V^{},\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}V_{}^{})`$ (resp.,
$`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}(V^{},)\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}V_{}^{}\mathrm{𝟏}_{𝖣(C^{}B)}`$) is isomorphic to $`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(\epsilon _V,)`$ (resp., $`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}(\vartheta _V,)`$).

Let $`A`$, $`B`$ be projective algebras over a commutative ring $`k`$. For a partial tilting complex $`P^{}𝖣(A)`$ with $`B\mathrm{End}_{𝖣(A)}(P^{})`$, let $`{}_{B}{}^{}V_{A}^{}`$ be the associated bimodule complex of $`P^{}`$. By Lemma 2.6, we can take

$`j_{V!}`$ $`=\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}V_{}^{}:𝖣(B)𝖣(A),`$
$`j_V^{}`$ $`=\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}V_{}^{}𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(V^{},):𝖣(A)𝖣(B),`$
$`j_V`$ $`=𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}(V^{},):𝖣(B)𝖣(A).`$
By Lemma 2.7, we get the triangle $`\xi _V`$ in $`𝖣(A^\mathrm{e})`$:

$$V^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}V_{}^{}\stackrel{\epsilon _V}{}A\stackrel{\eta _V}{}\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(V^{})V^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}V_{}^{}[1].$$

Let $`𝒦_P`$ be the full subcategory of $`𝖣(A)`$ consisting of complexes $`X^{}`$ such that $`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(P^{},X^{}[i])=0`$ for all $`i`$.

###### Theorem 2.8.

Let $`A`$, $`B`$ be projective algebras over a commutative ring $`k`$, $`P^{}𝖣(A)`$ a partial tilting complex with $`B\mathrm{End}_{𝖣(A)}(P^{})`$, and let $`{}_{B}{}^{}V_{A}^{}`$ be the associated bimodule complex of $`P^{}`$. Take

$`j_{V!}`$ $`=\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}V_{}^{}:𝖣\left(B\right)𝖣\left(A\right),`$ $`j_V^{}`$ $`=\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}V_{}^{}:𝖣\left(A\right)𝖣\left(B\right),`$
$`j_V`$ $`=𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}(V^{},):𝖣\left(B\right)𝖣\left(A\right),`$ $`i_V^{}`$ $`=\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{A}^{}\left(V^{}\right):𝖣\left(A\right)𝒦_P,`$
$`i_V`$ $`=\text{the embedding }:𝒦_P𝖣\left(A\right),`$ $`i_V^!`$ $`=𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}\left(V^{}\right),):𝖣\left(A\right)𝒦_P,`$
then $`\{𝒦_P,𝖣(A),𝖣(B);i_V^{},i_V,i_V^!,j_{V!},j_V^{},j_V\}`$:

$$\begin{array}{ccccc}𝒦_P& \stackrel{}{}& 𝖣(A)& \stackrel{}{}& 𝖣(B)\end{array}$$

is a recollement.

###### Proof.

Since it is easy to see that $`\tau _V(V^{})\vartheta _V`$ is the left multiplication morphism $`B𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(V^{},V^{})`$, by the remark of Definition 1.5, $`\vartheta _V:BV^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}V_{}^{}`$ is an isomorphism in $`𝖣(B^\mathrm{e})`$. By Lemma 2.7, $`\{𝖣(A),𝖣(B);j_{V!},j_V^{},j_V\}`$ is a bilocalization. By Proposition 2.3, there exist $`i_V^{}:𝖣(A)𝒦_P`$, $`i_V=`$ the embedding $`:𝒦_P𝖣(A)`$, $`i_V^!:𝖣(A)𝒦_P`$ such that $`\{𝒦_P,𝖣(A),𝖣(B);i_V^{},i_V,i_V^!,j_{V!},j_V^{},j_V\}`$ is a recollement. For $`X^{}𝖣(A)`$, by Lemma 2.7, $`X^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\epsilon _{V}^{}`$ is isomorphic to the adjunction arrow $`j_{V!}j_V^{}(X^{})X^{}`$. Then $`X^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\eta _{V}^{}`$ is isomorphic to the adjunction arrow $`X^{}i_Vi_V^{}(X^{})`$, and hence we can take $`i_V^{}=\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{A}^{}(V^{})`$ by Propositions 2.2, 2.4. Similarly, we can take $`i_V^!=𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(V^{}),)`$. ∎

In general, the above $`\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(V^{})`$ and $`\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e)`$ in Proposition 2.17 are unbounded complexes. Then, by the following corollary we have unbounded complexes which are compact objects in $`𝒦_P`$ and in $`𝖣_{A/AeA}(A)`$. This shows that recollements of Theorem 2.8 and Proposition 2.17 are out of localizations of triangulated categories which Neeman treated in .

###### Corollary 2.9.

Under the condition Theorem 2.8, the following hold.

1. $`𝒦_P`$ is closed under coproducts in $`𝖣(A)`$.
2. For any $`X^{}𝖣(A)_{\mathrm{perf}}`$, $`X^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{A}^{}(V^{})`$ is a compact object in $`𝒦_P`$.

###### Proof.

1. Since $`P^{}`$ is a compact object in $`𝖣(A)`$, it is trivial.

2. Since we have an isomorphism:

$$\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(i_V^{}X^{},Y^{})\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(X^{},Y^{})$$

for any $`Y^{}𝒦_P`$, we have the statement. ∎

###### Corollary 2.10.

Let $`A`$, $`B`$ be projective algebras over a commutative ring $`k`$, $`P^{}𝖣(A)`$ a partial tilting complex with $`B\mathrm{End}_{𝖣(A)}(P^{})`$, and let $`{}_{B}{}^{}V_{A}^{}`$ be the associated bimodule complex of $`P^{}`$. Then the following hold.

1. $`\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(V^{})\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(V^{})\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{A}^{}(V^{})`$ in $`𝖣(A^\mathrm{e})`$.
2. $`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(V^{}),\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(V^{}))\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(V^{})`$ in $`𝖣(A^\mathrm{e})`$.

###### Proof.

Since $`\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(V^{})\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}V_{}^{}[n]j_V^{}i_Vi_V^{}(A[n])=O`$ for all $`n`$, $`\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(V^{})\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\eta _{V}^{}`$ is an isomorphism in $`𝖣(A^\mathrm{e})`$. Similarly, since

$`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(V^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}V_{}^{},\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(V^{}))[n]`$ $`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}(V^{},\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(V^{})\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}V_{}^{})[n]`$
$`=O`$
for all $`n`$, $`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(\eta _V,\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(V^{}))`$ is an isomorphism in $`𝖣(A^\mathrm{e})`$. ∎

###### Lemma 2.11.

Let $`𝒟`$ be a triangulated category. Then the following hold.

1. For morphisms of triangles in $`𝒟`$ ($`n1`$):

$$\begin{array}{ccccccc}X_n& & Y_n& & Z_n& & X_n[1]\\ & & & & & & & & \\ X_{n+1}& & Y_{n+1}& & Z_{n+1}& & X_{n+1}[1],\end{array}$$

there exists a triangle $`X_nX_nXX_n[1]`$ such that we have the following triangle in $`𝒟`$:

$$X\underset{}{\mathrm{𝗁𝗈𝖼𝗈𝗅𝗂𝗆}}Y_n\underset{}{\mathrm{𝗁𝗈𝖼𝗈𝗅𝗂𝗆}}Z_nX[1].$$
2. For a family of triangles in $`𝒟`$: $`C_nX_{n1}X_nC_n[1](n1),`$ with $`X_0=X`$, there exists a family of triangles in $`𝒟`$:

$$C_n[1]Y_{n1}Y_nC_n(n1),$$

with $`Y_0=O`$, such that we have the following triangle in $`𝒟`$:

$$YX\underset{}{\mathrm{𝗁𝗈𝖼𝗈𝗅𝗂𝗆}}X_nY[1],$$

where $`Y_nY_nYY_n[1]`$ is a triangle in $`𝒟`$.

###### Proof.

1. By the assumption, we have a commutative diagram:

$$\begin{array}{ccccccc}X_n& & Y_n& & Z_n& & X_n[1]\\ & & 1\text{shift}& & 1\text{shift}& & & & \\ X_n& & Y_n& & Z_n& & X_n[1]\end{array}$$

According to  9 lemma, we have the statement.

2. By the octahedral axiom, we have a commutative diagram:

$$\begin{array}{ccccccc}& & & & C_n& =& C_n\\ & & & & & & & & \\ Y_{n1}& & X& & X_{n1}& & Y_{n1}[1]\\ & & & & & & & & \\ Y_n& & X& & X_n& & Y_n[1]\\ & & & & & & & & \\ & & & & C_n[1]& =& C_n[1],\end{array}$$

where all lines are triangles in $`𝒟`$. By 1, we have the statement. ∎

For an object $`M`$ in an additive category $``$, we denote by $`\mathrm{𝖠𝖽𝖽}M`$ (resp., $`\mathrm{𝖺𝖽𝖽}M`$) the full subcategory of $``$ consisting of objects which are isomorphic to summands of coproducts (resp., finite coproducts) of copies of $`M`$.

###### Definition 2.12.

Let $`A`$ be a projective algebra over a commutative ring $`k`$, and $`P^{}𝖣(A)`$ a partial tilting complex. For $`X^{}𝖣^{}(A)`$, there exists an integer $`r`$ such that $`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(P^{},X^{}[r+i])=0`$ for all $`i>0`$. Let $`X_0^{}=X^{}`$. For $`n1`$, by induction we construct a triangle:

$$P_n^{}[nr1]\stackrel{g_n}{}X_{n1}^{}\stackrel{h_n}{}X_n^{}P_n^{}[nr]$$

as follows. If $`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(P^{},X_{n1}^{}[rn+1])=0`$, then we set $`P_n^{}=O`$. Otherwise, we take $`P_n^{}\mathrm{𝖠𝖽𝖽}P^{}`$ and a morphism $`g_n^{}:P_n^{}X_{n1}^{}[rn+1]`$ such that $`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(P^{},g_n^{})`$ is an epimorphism, and let $`g_n=g_n^{}[nr1]`$. By Lemma 2.11, we have triangles:

$$P_n^{}[nr2]Y_{n1}^{}Y_n^{}P_n^{}[nr1]$$

and $`Y_0^{}=O`$. Then we define $`_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},X^{})`$ and $`\mathrm{\Delta }_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},X^{})`$ by the complex of Lemma 2.11 (2) and $`\underset{}{\mathrm{𝗁𝗈𝖼𝗈𝗅𝗂𝗆}}X_n^{}`$, respectively. Moreover, we have a triangle:

$$_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},X^{})X^{}\mathrm{\Delta }_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},X^{})_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},X^{})[1].$$

###### Lemma 2.13.

Let $`A`$, $`B`$ be projective algebras over a commutative ring $`k`$, $`P^{}𝖣(A)`$ a partial tilting complex with $`B\mathrm{End}_{𝖣(A)}(P^{})`$, and $`{}_{B}{}^{}V_{A}^{}`$ the associated bimodule complex of $`P^{}`$. For $`X^{}𝖣^{}(A)`$, we have an isomorphism of triangles in $`𝖣(A)`$:

$$\begin{array}{ccccccc}j_{V!}j_V^{}X^{}& & X^{}& & i_Vi_V^{}X^{}& & j_{V!}j_V^{}X^{}[1]\\ & & & & & & & & \\ _{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},X^{})& & X^{}& & \mathrm{\Delta }_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},X^{})& & _{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},X^{})[1].\end{array}$$

###### Proof.

By the construction, we have $`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(P^{},\mathrm{\Delta }_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},X^{})[i])=0`$ for all $`i`$, and then $`\mathrm{\Delta }_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},X^{})\mathrm{Im}i_V`$ (see Lemma 4.5). Since $`j_{V!}`$ is fully faithful and $`P^{}\mathrm{Im}j_{V!}`$, it is easy to see $`Y_n^{}\mathrm{Im}j_{V!}`$. Then $`_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},X^{})\mathrm{Im}j_{V!}`$, because $`j_{V!}`$ commutes with coproducts. By Proposition 2.2, we complete the proof. ∎

###### Definition 2.14.

Let $`A`$ be a projective algebra over a commutative ring $`k`$, and $`P^{}𝖣(A)`$ a partial tilting complex. Given $`X^{}𝖣(A)`$, for $`n0`$, we have a triangle:

$$_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},\sigma _nX^{})\sigma _nX^{}\mathrm{\Delta }_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},\sigma _nX^{})_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},\sigma _nX^{})[1].$$

According to Lemma 2.13 and Proposition 2.2, for $`n0`$ we have a morphism of triangles:

$$\begin{array}{ccccccc}_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},\sigma _nX^{})& & \sigma _nX^{}& & \mathrm{\Delta }_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},\sigma _nX^{})& & _{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},\sigma _nX^{})\left[1\right]\\ & & & & & & \\ _{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},\sigma _{n+1}X^{})& & \sigma _{n+1}X^{}& & \mathrm{\Delta }_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},\sigma _{n+1}X^{})& & _{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},\sigma _{n+1}X^{})\left[1\right].\end{array}$$

Then we define $`_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},X^{})`$ and $`\mathrm{\Delta }_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},X^{})`$ by the complex of Lemma 2.11 (1) and $`\underset{}{\mathrm{𝗁𝗈𝖼𝗈𝗅𝗂𝗆}}\mathrm{\Delta }_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},\sigma _nX^{})`$, respectively. Moreover, we have a triangle:

$$_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},X^{})X^{}\mathrm{\Delta }_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},X^{})_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},X^{})[1],$$

because $`X^{}\underset{}{\mathrm{𝗁𝗈𝖼𝗈𝗅𝗂𝗆}}\sigma _nX^{}`$.

###### Proposition 2.15.

Let $`A`$, $`B`$ be projective algebras over a commutative ring $`k`$, $`P^{}𝖣(A)`$ a partial tilting complex with $`B\mathrm{End}_{𝖣(A)}(P^{})`$, and $`{}_{B}{}^{}V_{A}^{}`$ the associated bimodule complex of $`P^{}`$. For $`X^{}𝖣(A)`$, we have an isomorphism of triangles in $`𝖣(A)`$:

$$\begin{array}{ccccccc}j_{V!}j_V^{}X^{}& & X^{}& & i_Vi_V^{}X^{}& & j_{V!}j_V^{}X^{}[1]\\ & & & & & & & & \\ _{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},X^{})& & X^{}& & \mathrm{\Delta }_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},X^{})& & _{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},X^{})[1].\end{array}$$

###### Proof.

By Lemma 2.13, $`_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},\sigma _nX^{})\mathrm{Im}j_{V!}`$ and $`\mathrm{\Delta }_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},\sigma _nX^{})\mathrm{Im}i_V`$. Since $`P^{}`$ is a perfect complex, $`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(P^{},)`$ commutes with coproducts. Then we have $`\mathrm{\Delta }_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},X^{})\mathrm{Im}i_V`$. We have also $`_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},X^{})\mathrm{Im}j_{V!}`$, because $`j_{V!}`$ is fully faithful and commutes with coproducts. By Proposition 2.2, we complete the proof. ∎

###### Corollary 2.16.

Let $`A`$, $`B`$ be projective algebras over a commutative ring $`k`$, $`P^{}𝖣(A)`$ a partial tilting complex with $`B\mathrm{End}_{𝖣(A)}(P^{})`$, and $`{}_{B}{}^{}V_{A}^{}`$ the associated bimodule complex of $`P^{}`$. For $`X^{}𝖣(A)`$, we have isomorphisms in $`𝖣(A)`$:

$`X^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}V_{}^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}V_{}^{}`$ $`_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},X^{}),`$
$`X^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{A}^{}(V^{})`$ $`\mathrm{\Delta }_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},X^{}).`$
###### Proof.

By Theorem 2.8 and Proposition 2.15, we complete the proof. ∎

For an idempotent $`e`$ of a ring $`A`$, by $`\mathrm{Hom}_A(eA,A)Ae`$, we have

$`j_{A!}^e`$ $`=\stackrel{}{}{}_{eAe}{}^{𝑳}eA:𝖣(eAe)𝖣(A),`$
$`j_A^e`$ $`=_AAe\mathrm{Hom}_A(eA,):𝖣(A)𝖣(eAe),`$
$`j_A^e`$ $`=𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_{eAe}^{}(Ae,):𝖣(eAe)𝖣(A).`$
And we also get the triangle $`\xi _e`$ in $`𝖣(A^\mathrm{e})`$:

$$Ae\stackrel{}{}{}_{eAe}{}^{𝑳}eA\stackrel{\epsilon _e}{}A\stackrel{\eta _e}{}\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e)Ae\stackrel{}{}{}_{eAe}{}^{𝑳}eA[1].$$

Throughout this paper, we identify $`\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}A/AeA`$ with the full subcategory of $`\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}A`$ consisting of $`A`$-modules $`M`$ such that $`\mathrm{Hom}_A(eA,M)=0`$. We denote by $`𝖣_{A/AeA}^{}(A)`$ the full subcategory of $`𝖣^{}(A)`$ consisting of complexes whose cohomologies are in $`\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}A/AeA`$, where $`=`$ nothing, $`+,,\mathrm{b}`$. According to Theorem 2.8, we have the following.

###### Proposition 2.17.

Let $`A`$ be a projective algebra over a commutative ring $`k`$, $`e`$ an idempotent of $`A`$, and let

$`j_{A!}^e`$ $`=\stackrel{}{}{}_{eAe}{}^{𝑳}eA:𝖣\left(eAe\right)𝖣\left(A\right),`$ $`j_A^e`$ $`=_AAe:𝖣\left(A\right)𝖣\left(eAe\right),`$
$`j_A^e`$ $`=𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_{eAe}^{}(Ae,):𝖣\left(eAe\right)𝖣\left(A\right),`$ $`i_A^e`$ $`=\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{A}^{}\left(e\right):𝖣\left(A\right)𝖣_{eAe}\left(A\right),`$
$`i_A^e`$ $`=\text{the embedding }:𝖣_{eAe}\left(A\right)𝖣\left(A\right),`$ $`i_A^{e!}`$ $`=𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}\left(e\right),):𝖣\left(A\right)𝖣_{eAe}\left(A\right).`$
Then $`\{𝖣_{A/AeA}(A),𝖣(A),𝖣(eAe);i_A^e,i_A^e,i_A^{e!},j_{A!}^e,j_A^e,j_A^e\}`$ is a recollement.

###### Remark 2.18.

According to Proposition 1.1 and Lemma 2.7, it is easy to see that $`\{𝖣_{C^{}A/AeA}(C^{}A),𝖣(C^{}A),𝖣(C^{}eAe);i_A^e,i_A^e,i_A^{e!},j_{A!}^e,j_A^e,j_A^e\}`$ is also a recollement for any projective $`k`$-algebra $`C`$.

###### Corollary 2.19.

Let $`A`$ be a projective algebra over a commutative ring $`k`$, and $`e`$ an idempotent of $`A`$, then the following hold.

1. $`\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e)\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{A}^{}(e)\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e)`$ in $`𝖣(A^\mathrm{e})`$
2. $`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e),\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e))\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e)`$ in $`𝖣(A^\mathrm{e})`$
3. We have the following isomorphisms in $`\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}A^\mathrm{e}`$:

$$A/AeA\mathrm{End}_{𝖣(A)}(\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e))\mathrm{H}^0(\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e)).$$

Moreover, the first isomorphism is a ring isomorphism.

###### Proof.

1, 2. By Corollary 2.10.

3. Applying $`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(,\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e))`$ to $`\xi _e`$, we have an isomorphism in $`\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}A^\mathrm{e}`$:

$$\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e),\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e))\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(A,\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e)),$$

because $`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(Ae\stackrel{}{}{}_{eAe}{}^{𝑳}eA,\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e)[n])\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(j_{A!}^ej_A^e(A),i_A^ei_A^{e!}(A)[n])=0`$ for all $`n`$ by Proposition 2.3, 1. Applying $`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(A,)`$ to $`\xi _e`$, we have an isomorphism between exact sequences in $`\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}A^\mathrm{e}`$:

$$\begin{array}{ccccc}\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣\left(A\right)}(A,Ae\stackrel{}{}{}_{eAe}{}^{𝑳}eA)& & \mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣\left(A\right)}(A,A)& & \mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣\left(A\right)}(A,\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}\left(e\right))0\\ & & & & \\ Ae_{eAe}eA& & A& & A/AeA0.\end{array}$$

Consider the inverse of $`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e),\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e))\stackrel{}{}\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(A,\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e))`$, then it is easy to see that $`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(A,A)\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(A,\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e))\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e),\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e))`$ is a ring morphism. ∎

###### Remark 2.20.

It is not hard to see that the above triangle $`\xi _e`$ also play the same role in the left module version of Corollary 2.19. Then we have also

1. $`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e),\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e))\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e)`$ in $`𝖣(A^\mathrm{e})`$
2. We have a ring isomorphism $`(A/AeA)^{}\mathrm{End}_{𝖣(A^{})}(\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e))`$.

## 3. Equivalences between Recollements

In this section, we study triangle equivalences between recollements induced by idempotents.

###### Definition 3.1.

Let $`\{𝒟_n,𝒟_n^{\prime \prime };j_n,j_n^{}\}`$ (resp., $`\{𝒟_n,𝒟_n^{\prime \prime };j_{n!},j_n^{},j_n\}`$) be a colocalization (resp., a bilocalization) of $`𝒟_n`$ ($`n=1,2`$). If there are triangle equivalences $`F:𝒟_1𝒟_2`$, $`F^{\prime \prime }:𝒟_1^{\prime \prime }𝒟_2^{\prime \prime }`$ such that all squares are commutative up to ($``$-functorial) isomorphism in the diagram:

$$\begin{array}{cccccccc}𝒟_1& & 𝒟_1^{\prime \prime }& & & 𝒟_1& \stackrel{}{}& 𝒟_1^{\prime \prime }\\ F& & F^{\prime \prime }& & (\text{resp.,}& F& & F^{\prime \prime }),\\ 𝒟_2& & 𝒟_2^{\prime \prime }& & & 𝒟_2& \stackrel{}{}& 𝒟_2^{\prime \prime }\end{array}$$

then we say that a colocalization $`\{𝒟_1,𝒟_1^{\prime \prime };j_n,j_1^{}\}`$ (resp., a bilocalization $`\{𝒟_1,𝒟_1^{\prime \prime };j_{1!},j_1^{},j_1\}`$) is triangle equivalent to a colocalization $`\{𝒟_2,𝒟_2^{\prime \prime };j_n,j_2^{}\}`$ (resp., a bilocalization $`\{𝒟_2,𝒟_2^{\prime \prime };j_{n!},j_2^{},j_2\}`$).

For recollements $`\{𝒟_n^{},𝒟_n,𝒟_n^{\prime \prime };i_n^{},i_n,i_n^!,j_{n!},j_n^{},j_n\}`$ ($`n=1,2`$), if there are triangle equivalences $`F^{}:𝒟_1^{}𝒟_2^{}`$, $`F:𝒟_1𝒟_2`$, $`F^{\prime \prime }:𝒟_1^{\prime \prime }𝒟_2^{\prime \prime }`$ such that all squares are commutative up to ($``$-functorial) isomorphism in the diagram:

$$\begin{array}{ccccc}𝒟_1^{}& \stackrel{}{}& 𝒟_1& \stackrel{}{}& 𝒟_1^{\prime \prime }\\ F^{}& & F& & F^{\prime \prime }\\ 𝒟_2^{}& \stackrel{}{}& 𝒟_2& \stackrel{}{}& 𝒟_2^{\prime \prime },\end{array}$$

then we say that a recollement $`\{𝒟_1^{},𝒟_1,𝒟_1^{\prime \prime };i_1^{},i_1,i_1^!,j_{1!},j_1^{},j_1\}`$ is triangle equivalent to a recollement $`\{𝒟_2^{},𝒟_2,𝒟_2^{\prime \prime };i_2^{},i_2,i_2^!,j_{2!},j_2^{},j_2\}`$.

We simply write a localization $`\{𝒟,𝒟^{\prime \prime }\}`$, etc. for a localization $`\{𝒟,𝒟^{\prime \prime };j^{},j_{}\}`$, etc. when we don’t confuse them. Parshall and Scott showed the following.

###### Proposition 3.2 ().

Let $`\{𝒟_n^{},𝒟_n,𝒟_n^{\prime \prime }\}`$ be recollements ($`n=1,2`$). If triangle equivalences $`F:𝒟_1𝒟_2`$, $`F^{\prime \prime }:𝒟_1^{\prime \prime }𝒟_2^{\prime \prime }`$ induce that a bilocalization $`\{𝒟_1,𝒟_1^{\prime \prime }\}`$ is triangle equivalent to a bilocalization $`\{𝒟_2,𝒟_2^{\prime \prime }\}`$, then there exists a unique triangle equivalence $`F^{}:𝒟_1^{}𝒟_2^{}`$ up to isomorphism such that $`F^{},F,F^{\prime \prime }`$ induce that a recollement $`\{𝒟_1^{},𝒟_1,𝒟_1^{\prime \prime }\}`$ is triangle equivalent to a recollement $`\{𝒟_2^{},𝒟_2,𝒟_2^{\prime \prime }\}`$.

###### Lemma 3.3.

Let $`A`$ be a projective algebra over a commutative ring $`k`$, and $`e`$ an idempotent of $`A`$. For $`X^{}𝖣(A)_{\mathrm{perf}}`$, the following are equivalent.

1. $`X^{}P^{}`$ in $`𝖣(A)`$ for some $`P^{}𝖪^\mathrm{b}(\mathrm{𝖺𝖽𝖽}eA)`$.
2. $`j_{A!}^ej_A^e(X^{})X^{}`$ in $`𝖣(A)`$.
3. $`\gamma _X`$ is an isomorphism, where $`\gamma :j_{A!}^ej_A^e\mathrm{𝟏}_{𝖣(A)}`$ is the adjunction arrow.

###### Proof.

1 $``$ 2. Since $`j_{A!}^ej_A^e(P)P`$ in $`\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}A`$ for any $`P\mathrm{𝖺𝖽𝖽}eA`$, it is trivial.

2 $``$ 3. By Corollary 2.5.

3 $``$ 1. Let $`\{Y_i^{}\}_{iI}`$ be a family of complexes of $`𝖣(A)`$. By Proposition 1.3, we have isomorphisms:

$`{\displaystyle \underset{iI}{}}\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(eAe)}(j_A^e(X^{}),j_A^e(Y_i^{}))`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{iI}{}}\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(j_{A!}^ej_A^e(X^{}),Y_i^{})`$
$`{\displaystyle \underset{iI}{}}\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(X^{},Y_i^{})`$
$`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(X^{},{\displaystyle \underset{iI}{}}Y_i^{})`$
$`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(j_{A!}^ej_A^e(X^{}),{\displaystyle \underset{iI}{}}Y_i^{})`$
$`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(eAe)}(j_A^e(X^{}),j_A^e({\displaystyle \underset{iI}{}}Y_i^{}))`$
$`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(eAe)}(j_A^e(X^{}),{\displaystyle \underset{iI}{}}j_A^e(Y_i^{})).`$
Since any complex $`Z^{}`$ of $`𝖣(eAe)`$ is isomorphic to $`j_A^e(Y^{})`$ for some $`Y^{}𝖣(A)`$, by Proposition 1.3 the above isomorphisms imply that $`j_A^e(X^{})`$ is a perfect complex of $`𝖣(eAe)`$. Therefore, $`j_{A!}^ej_A^e(X^{})`$ is isomorphic to $`P^{}`$ for some $`P^{}𝖪^\mathrm{b}(\mathrm{𝖺𝖽𝖽}eA)`$. ∎

###### Lemma 3.4.

Let $`A`$, $`B`$ be projective algebras over a commutative ring $`k`$, and $`e`$, $`f`$ idempotents of $`A`$, $`B`$, respectively. For $`X^{},Y^{}𝖣(B^{}A)`$, we have an isomorphism in $`𝖣((fBf)^\mathrm{e})`$:

$$fB_B𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(X^{},Y^{})_BBf𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(fX^{},fY^{}).$$

###### Proof.

First, by Proposition 1.1, 2, we have isomorphisms in $`𝖣((fBf)^{}B)`$:

$`fB_B𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(X^{},Y^{})`$ $`\mathrm{Hom}_B(Bf,𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(X^{},Y^{}))`$
$`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(X^{},\mathrm{Hom}_B(Bf,Y^{}))`$
$`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(X^{},fY^{}).`$
Then we have isomorphisms in $`𝖣((fBf)^\mathrm{e})`$:

$`fB_B𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(X^{},Y^{})_BBf`$ $`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(X^{},fY^{})_BBf`$
$`\mathrm{Hom}_B(fB,𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(X^{},fY^{}))`$
$`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(fX^{},fY^{}).`$
###### Theorem 3.5.

Let $`A,B`$ be projective algebras over a commutative ring $`k`$, and $`e`$, $`f`$ idempotents of $`A`$, $`B`$, respectively. Then the following are equivalent.

1. A colocalization $`\{𝖣(A),𝖣(eAe);j_{A!}^e,j_A^e\}`$ is triangle equivalent to a colocalization $`\{𝖣(B),𝖣(fBf);j_{B!}^f,j_B^f\}`$.
2. There is a tilting complex $`P^{}𝖪^\mathrm{b}(\mathrm{𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗃}A)`$ such that $`P^{}=P_1^{}P_2^{}`$ in $`𝖪^\mathrm{b}(\mathrm{𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗃}A)`$ satisfying
(a) $`B\mathrm{End}_{𝖣(A)}(P^{})`$,
(b) under the isomorphism of (a), $`fB`$ corresponds to the canonical morphism $`P^{}P_1^{}P^{}\mathrm{End}_{𝖣(A)}(P^{})`$,
(c) $`P_1^{}𝖪^\mathrm{b}(\mathrm{𝖺𝖽𝖽}eA)`$, and $`j_A^e(P_1^{})`$ is a tilting complex for $`eAe`$.
3. A recollement $`\{𝖣_{A/AeA}(A),𝖣(A),𝖣(eAe)\}`$ is triangle equivalent to a recollement $`\{𝖣_{B/BfB}(B),𝖣(B),𝖣(fBf)\}`$.

###### Proof.

1 $``$ 2. Let $`G:𝖣(B)𝖣(A)`$, $`G^{\prime \prime }:𝖣(fBf)𝖣(eAe)`$ be triangle equivalences such that

$$\begin{array}{ccc}𝖣(B)& & 𝖣(fBf)\\ G& & G^{\prime \prime }\\ 𝖣(A)& & 𝖣(eAe)\end{array}$$

is commutative up to isomorphism. Then $`G(B)`$ and $`G^{\prime \prime }(fBf)`$ are tilting complexes for $`A`$ and for $`eAe`$ with $`B\mathrm{End}_{𝖣(A)}(G(B))`$, $`fBf\mathrm{End}_{𝖣(eAe)}(G^{\prime \prime }(B))`$, respectively. Considering $`G(B)=G(fB)G((1f)B)`$, by the above commutativity, we have isomorphisms:

$`G(fB)`$ $`Gj_{B!}^f(fBf)`$
$`j_{A!}^eG^{\prime \prime }(fBf)`$
$`j_{A!}^eG^{\prime \prime }j_B^f(fB)`$
$`j_{A!}^ej_A^eG(fB),`$
$`j_A^eG(fB)`$ $`G^{\prime \prime }j_B^f(fB)`$
$`G^{\prime \prime }(fBf).`$
By Proposition 3.3, $`G(fB)`$ is isomorphic to a complex of $`𝖪^\mathrm{b}(\mathrm{𝖺𝖽𝖽}eA)`$, and $`j_A^eG(fB)`$ is a tilting complex for $`eAe`$.

2 $``$ 3. Let $`{}_{B}{}^{}T_{A}^{}`$ be a two-sided tilting complex which is induced by $`P_A^{}`$. By the assumption, $`Res_A(fT^{})P_1^{}`$ in $`𝖣(A)`$. By Lemma 3.3, $`\gamma _{fT}:j_{A!}^ej_A^e(fT^{})\stackrel{}{}fT^{}`$ is an isomorphism in $`𝖣(A)`$. By Remark 2.18, Proposition 1.1, 5, we have $`fT^{}e\stackrel{}{}{}_{eAe}{}^{𝑳}eAfT^{}`$ in $`𝖣((fBf)^{}A)`$. By Proposition 1.8, Lemma 3.4, we have isomorphisms in $`𝖣((fBf)^\mathrm{e})`$:

$`fBf`$ $`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(fT^{},fT^{})`$
$`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(fT^{}e\stackrel{}{}{}_{eAe}{}^{𝑳}eA,fT^{}e\stackrel{}{}{}_{eAe}{}^{𝑳}eA)`$
$`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(fT^{}e,fT^{}e\stackrel{}{}{}_{eAe}{}^{𝑳}eAe)`$
$`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_{eAe}^{}(fT^{}e,fT^{}e).`$
By taking cohomology, we have

$`fBf`$ $`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(eAe)}(fT^{}e,fT^{}e).`$
By the assumption, $`fT^{}ej_A^e(fT^{})j_A^e(P_1^{})`$ is a tilting complex for $`eAe`$. Since it is easy to see the above isomorphism is induced by the left multiplication, by  Lemma 3.2,  Theorem, $`fT^{}e`$ is a two-sided tilting complex in $`𝖣((fBf)^{}eAe)`$. Let

$`F`$ $`=𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(T^{},):𝖣\left(B^{}A\right)𝖣\left(B^{}B\right),`$
$`F^{\prime \prime }`$ $`=𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_{eAe}^{}(fT^{}e,):𝖣\left(B^{}eAe\right)𝖣\left(B^{}fBf\right),`$
$`G`$ $`=\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{}:𝖣\left(B^{}B\right)𝖣\left(B^{}A\right),`$
$`G^{\prime \prime }`$ $`=\stackrel{}{}{}_{fBf}{}^{𝑳}fT^{}e:𝖣\left(B^{}eAe\right)𝖣\left(B^{}fBf\right).`$
Using the same symbols, consider a triangle equivalence between colocalizations $`\{𝖣(B^{}A),𝖣(B^{}eAe);j_{A!}^e,j_A^e\}`$ and $`\{𝖣(B^{}B),𝖣(B^{}fBf);j_{B!}^f,j_B^f\}`$. And we use the same symbols

$`F`$ $`=𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(T^{},):𝖣\left(A\right)𝖣\left(B\right),`$ $`F^{\prime \prime }`$ $`=𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_{eAe}^{}(fT^{}e,):𝖣\left(eAe\right)𝖣\left(fBf\right),`$
$`G`$ $`=\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{}:𝖣\left(B\right)𝖣\left(A\right),`$ $`G^{\prime \prime }`$ $`=\stackrel{}{}{}_{fBf}{}^{𝑳}fT^{}e:𝖣\left(eAe\right)𝖣\left(fBf\right).`$
For any $`X^{}𝖣(B^{}A)`$ (resp., $`X^{}𝖣(A)`$), by Proposition 1.1, 3, we have isomorphisms in $`𝖣(B^{}fBf)`$ (resp., $`𝖣(fBf)`$):

$`j_B^fF(X^{})`$ $`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}(fB,𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(T^{},X^{}))`$
$`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(fT^{},X^{})`$
$`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(j_{A!}^ej_A^e(fT^{}),X^{})`$
$`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_{eAe}^{}(j_A^e(fT^{}),j_A^e(X^{}))`$
$`F^{\prime \prime }j_A^e(X^{}).`$
Since $`G`$, $`G^{\prime \prime }`$ are quasi-inverses of $`F`$, $`F^{\prime \prime }`$, respectively, for $`B𝖣(B^{}B)`$ we have isomorphisms in $`𝖣(B^{}eAe)`$:

$`T^{}e`$ $`j_A^eG(B)`$
$`G^{\prime \prime }j_B^f(B)`$
$`Bf\stackrel{}{}{}_{fBf}{}^{𝑳}fT^{}e`$
Therefore, for any $`Y^{}𝖣(eAe)`$, we have isomorphisms in $`𝖣(B)`$:

$`j_B^fF^{\prime \prime }(Y^{})`$ $`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_{fBf}^{}(Bf,𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_{eAe}^{}(fT^{}e,Y^{}))`$
$`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}(Bf\stackrel{}{}{}_{fBf}{}^{𝑳}fT^{}e,Y^{})`$
$`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}(T^{}e,Y^{})`$
$`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}(j_A^e(T^{}),Y^{})`$
$`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}(T^{},j_A^e(Y^{}))`$
$`Fj_A^e(Y^{}).`$
For any $`Z^{}𝖣(fBf)`$, we have isomorphisms in $`𝖣(A)`$:

$`j_{A!}^eG^{\prime \prime }(Z^{})`$ $`=Z^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{fBf}{}^{𝑳}fT^{}e\stackrel{}{}{}_{eAe}{}^{𝑳}eA`$
$`Z^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{fBf}{}^{𝑳}fT^{}`$
$`Z^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{fBf}{}^{𝑳}fB_BT^{}`$
$`G^{\prime \prime }j_{B!}^f(Z^{}).`$
Since $`F`$, $`F^{\prime \prime }`$ are quasi-inverses of $`G`$, $`G^{\prime \prime }`$, respectively, we have $`j_{B!}^fF^{\prime \prime }Fj_{A!}^e`$. By Proposition 3.2, we have the statement.

3 $``$ 1. It is trivial. ∎

###### Definition 3.6.

Let $`A`$ be a projective algebra over a commutative ring $`k`$, and $`e`$ an idempotent of $`A`$. We call a tilting complex $`P^{}𝖪^\mathrm{b}(\mathrm{𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗃𝖠})`$ a recollement tilting complex related to an idempotent $`e`$ of $`A`$ if $`P^{}`$ satisfies the condition of Theorem 3.5, 2. In this case, we call an idempotent $`fB`$ an idempotent corresponding to $`e`$.

We see the following symmetric properties of a two-sided tilting complex which is induced by a recollement tilting complex. We will call the following two-sided tilting complex a two-sided recollement tilting complex $`{}_{B}{}^{}T_{A}^{}`$ related to idempotents $`eA`$, $`fB`$.

###### Corollary 3.7.

Let $`A,B`$ be projective algebras over a commutative ring $`k`$, and $`e`$, $`f`$ idempotents of $`A`$, $`B`$, respectively. Let $`{}_{B}{}^{}T_{A}^{}`$ be a two-sided tilting complex such that

1. $`fT^{}e𝖣((fBf)^{}eAe)`$ is a two-sided tilting complex,
2. $`fT^{}e\stackrel{}{}{}_{eAe}{}^{𝑳}eAfT^{}`$ in $`𝖣((fBf)^{}A)`$.

Then the following hold.

1. $`Bf\stackrel{}{}{}_{fBf}{}^{𝑳}fT^{}eT^{}e`$ in $`𝖣(B^{}eAe)`$.
2. $`eT^{}f`$ is the inverse of $`fT^{}e`$, where $`T^{}`$ is the inverse of $`T^{}`$.
3. $`Ae\stackrel{}{}{}_{eAe}{}^{𝑳}eT^{}fT^{}f`$ in $`𝖣(A^{}fBf)`$.
4. $`eT^{}f\stackrel{}{}{}_{fBf}{}^{𝑳}fBeT^{}`$ in $`𝖣((eAe)^{}B)`$.

###### Proof.

Here we use the same symbols in the proof 2 $``$ 3 of Theorem 3.5. It is easy to see that $`F`$ and $`F^{\prime \prime }`$ induce a triangle equivalence between bilocalizations $`\{𝖣(B^{}A),𝖣(B^{}eAe);j_{A!}^e,j_A^e,j_A^e\}`$ and $`\{𝖣(B^{}B),𝖣(B^{}fBf);j_{B!}^f,j_B^f,j_B^f\}`$. By the proof of Theorem 3.5, we get the statement 1, and $`j_B^fFF^{\prime \prime }j_A^e`$, $`j_{B!}^fF^{\prime \prime }Fj_{A!}^e`$ and $`j_B^fF^{\prime \prime }Fj_A^e`$. Then we have isomorphisms $`j_B^fFj_{A!}^eF^{\prime \prime }j_A^ej_{A!}^eF^{\prime \prime }`$. Since $`\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}T_{B}^{}F`$, we have isomorphisms $`eT^{}f𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_{eAe}^{}(fT^{}e,eAe)`$ in $`𝖣((eAe)^{}fBf)`$, and $`\stackrel{}{}{}_{eAe}{}^{𝑳}eT^{}fF^{\prime \prime }`$. This means that $`eT^{}f`$ is the inverse of a two-sided tilting complex $`fT^{}e`$. Similarly, $`j_B^fFF^{\prime \prime }j_A^e`$ and $`j_{B!}^fF^{\prime \prime }Fj_{A!}^e`$ imply the statements 3 and 4, respectively. ∎

###### Corollary 3.8.

Let $`A,B`$ be projective algebras over a commutative ring $`k`$, and $`e`$, $`f`$ idempotents of $`A`$, $`B`$, respectively. For a two-sided recollement tilting complex $`{}_{B}{}^{}T_{A}^{}`$ related to idempotents $`e`$, $`f`$, we have an isomorphism between triangles $`T^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝐋}\xi _{e}^{}`$ and $`\xi _f\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝐋}T_{}^{}`$ in $`𝖣(B^{}A)`$:

$$\begin{array}{ccccccc}T^{}e\stackrel{}{}{}_{eAe}{}^{𝑳}eA& & T^{}& & T^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{A}^{}(e)& & T^{}e\stackrel{}{}{}_{eAe}{}^{𝑳}eA[1]\\ & & & & & & & & \\ Bf\stackrel{}{}{}_{fBf}{}^{𝑳}fT^{}& & T^{}& & \mathrm{\Delta }_B^{}(f)\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{}& & Bf\stackrel{}{}{}_{fBf}{}^{𝑳}fT^{}[1].\end{array}$$

###### Proof.

According to Proposition 3.2, for the triangle equivalence between colocalizations in the proof of Corollary 3.7 there exists $`F^{}:𝖣_{B^{}B/BfB}(B^{}B)𝖣_{B^{}A/AeA}(B^{}A)`$ such that a recollement

$$\{𝖣_{B^{}B/BfB}(B^{}B),𝖣(B^{}B),𝖣(B^{}fBf);i_B^f,i_B^f,i_B^{f!},j_{B!}^f,j_B^f,j_B^f\}$$

is triangle equivalent to a recollement

$$\{𝖣_{B^{}A/AeA}(B^{}A),𝖣(B^{}A),𝖣(B^{}eAe);i_A^e,i_A^e,i_A^{e!},j_{A!}^e,j_A^e,j_A^e\}.$$

By Proposition 1.1, Lemma 2.7, the triangle $`T^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\xi _{e}^{}`$ is isomorphic to the following triangle in $`𝖣(B^{}A)`$:

$$j_{A!}^ej_A^e(T^{})T^{}i_A^ei_A^e(T^{})j_{A!}^ej_A^e(T^{})[1].$$

On the other hand, the triangle $`\xi _f\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{}`$ is isomorphic to the following triangle in $`𝖣(B^{}A)`$:

$$Fj_{B!}^fj_B^f(B)F(B)Fi_B^fi_B^f(B)Fj_{B!}^fj_B^f(B)[1].$$

Since $`F(B)T^{}`$, $`Fj_{B!}^fj_B^f(B)j_{A!}^eF^{\prime \prime }j_B^f(B)j_{A!}^ej_A^eF(B)`$, $`Fi_B^fi_B^f(B)i_A^eF^{}i_B^f(B)i_A^ei_A^eF(B)`$, by Proposition 2.2, we complete the proof. ∎

###### Corollary 3.9.

Let $`A,B`$ be projective algebras over a commutative ring $`k`$, and $`e`$, $`f`$ idempotents of $`A`$, $`B`$, respectively. For a two-sided recollement tilting complex $`{}_{B}{}^{}T_{A}^{}`$ related to idempotents $`e`$, $`f`$, the following hold.

1. $`T^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{A}^{}(e)\mathrm{\Delta }_B^{}(f)\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{}`$ in $`𝖣(B^{}A)`$.
2. $`\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e)\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{}T^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{B}^{}(f)`$ in $`𝖣(A^{}B)`$.

###### Proof.

1. By Corollary 3.8.

2. We have isomorphisms in $`𝖣(A^{}B)`$:

$`\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e)\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{}`$ $`T^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{A}^{}(e)\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{}`$
$`T^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{B}^{}(f)\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{}`$
$`T^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{B}^{}(f).`$
###### Definition 3.10.

Let $`A,B`$ be projective algebras over a commutative ring $`k`$, and $`e`$, $`f`$ idempotents of $`A`$, $`B`$, respectively. For a two-sided recollement tilting complex $`{}_{B}{}^{}T_{A}^{}`$ related to idempotents $`e`$, $`f`$, we define

$$\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{}=T^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{A}^{}(e)𝖣(B^{}A),& \mathrm{\Delta }_T^{}=\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e)\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{}𝖣(A^{}B).\end{array}$$

###### Proposition 3.11.

Let $`A,B`$ be projective algebras over a commutative ring $`k`$, and $`e`$, $`f`$ idempotents of $`A`$, $`B`$, respectively. For a two-sided recollement tilting complex $`{}_{B}{}^{}T_{A}^{}`$ related to idempotents $`e`$, $`f`$, let

$`F^{}`$ $`=𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{},):𝖣_{A/AeA}(A)𝖣_{B/BfB}(B),`$
$`F`$ $`=𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(T^{},):𝖣(A)𝖣(B),`$
$`F^{\prime \prime }`$ $`=𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_{eAe}^{}(fT^{}e,):𝖣(eAe)𝖣(fBf).`$
Then the following hold.

1. We have an isomorphism $`F^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{T}^{}`$.
2. A quasi-inverse $`G^{}`$ of $`F^{}`$ is isomorphic to $`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{},)\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{T}^{}`$.
3. $`F^{}`$, $`F`$, $`F^{\prime \prime }`$ induce that a recollement $`\{𝖣_{A/AeA}(A),𝖣(A),𝖣(eAe)\}`$ is triangle equivalent to a recollement $`\{𝖣_{B/BfB}(B),𝖣(B),𝖣(fBf)\}`$.

###### Proof.

According to Proposition 3.2, $`F^{}`$ exists and satisfies $`F^{}i_B^fFi_A^ei_B^{f!}Fi_A^e`$. By Proposition 2.17, we have isomorphisms

$`i_B^fFi_A^e`$ $`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(T^{},)\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{B}^{}(f)`$
$`\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{B}^{}(f),`$
$`i_B^{f!}Fi_A^e`$ $`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_B^{}(f),𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(T^{},))`$
$`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_B^{}(f)\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{},).`$
Let $`G=𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}(T^{},)`$. Since $`G^{}i_A^eGi_B^fi_B^{e!}Gi_B^f`$, we have isomorphisms

$`i_A^eGi_B^f`$ $`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}(T^{},)\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{A}^{}(e)`$
$`\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{A}^{}(e),`$
$`i_A^{e!}Gi_B^f`$ $`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e),𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}(T^{},))`$
$`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e)\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{},).`$
By Corollary 3.9, we complete the proof. ∎

###### Corollary 3.12.

Under the condition of Proposition 3.11, the following hold.

1. $`Res_A\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{}`$ is a compact object in $`𝖣_{A/AeA}(A)`$.
2. $`Res_B^{}\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{}`$ is a compact object in $`𝖣_{(B/BfB)^{}}(B^{})`$.
3. $`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{},):𝖣_{A/AeA}^{}(A)\stackrel{}{}𝖣_{B/BfB}^{}(B)`$ is a triangle equivalence, where $`=`$ nothing, $`+,,\mathrm{b}`$.

###### Proof.

1, 2. By Corollary 2.9, it is trivial.

3. Since for any $`X^{}𝖣_{A/AeA}(A)`$ we have isomorphisms in $`𝖣_{B/BfB}(B)`$:

$`F^{}(X^{})`$ $`=𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{},X^{})`$
$`=𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(T^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{A}^{}(e),X^{})`$
$`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(T^{},𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e),X^{}))`$
$`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(T^{},X^{}),`$
we have $`\mathrm{Im}F^{}|_{𝖣_{A/AeA}^{}(A)}𝖣_{B/BfB}^{}(B)`$, where $`=`$ nothing, $`+,,\mathrm{b}`$. Let $`G^{}=𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{},)`$, then we have also $`\mathrm{Im}G^{}|_{𝖣_{B/BfB}^{}(B)}𝖣_{A/AeA}^{}(A)`$, where $`=`$ nothing, $`+,,\mathrm{b}`$. Since $`G^{}`$ is a quasi-inverse of $`F^{}`$, we complete the proof. ∎

###### Proposition 3.13.

Let $`A,B`$ be projective algebras over a commutative ring $`k`$, and $`e`$, $`f`$ idempotents of $`A`$, $`B`$, respectively. For a two-sided recollement tilting complex $`{}_{B}{}^{}T_{A}^{}`$ related to idempotents $`e`$, $`f`$, the following hold.

1. $`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{},\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{})\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{T}^{}\mathrm{\Delta }_B^{}(f)`$ in $`𝖣(B^\mathrm{e})`$.
2. $`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{},\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{})\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{T}^{}\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e)`$ in $`𝖣(A^\mathrm{e})`$.
3. We have a ring isomorphism $`\mathrm{End}_{𝖣(A)}(\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{})B/BfB`$.
4. We have a ring isomorphism $`\mathrm{End}_{𝖣(B^{})}(\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{})(A/AeA)^{}`$.

###### Proof.

1. By Corollaries 2.19, 3.9, Proposition 3.11, we have isomorphisms in $`𝖣(B^\mathrm{e})`$:

$`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{},\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{})`$ $`\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{T}^{}`$
$`\mathrm{\Delta }_B^{}(f)\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{B}^{}(f)`$
$`\mathrm{\Delta }_B^{}(f)\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{B}^{}(f)`$
$`\mathrm{\Delta }_B^{}(f).`$
2. By Remark 2.20, Corollary 2.19, we have isomorphisms in $`𝖣(A^\mathrm{e})`$:

$`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{},\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{})`$ $`=𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}^{}(T^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{A}^{}(e),T^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{A}^{}(e))`$
$`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e),𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}^{}(T^{},T^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{A}^{}(e)))`$
$`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e),\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e))`$
$`\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e),`$
and have isomorphisms in $`𝖣(A^\mathrm{e})`$:

$`\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{T}^{}`$ $`\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e)\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{A}^{}(e)`$
$`\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e)\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{A}^{}(e)`$
$`\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e).`$
3. By Corollaries 2.19, 3.9, we have ring isomorphisms:

$`\mathrm{End}_{𝖣(A)}(\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{})`$ $`\mathrm{End}_{𝖣(B)}(\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{})`$
$`\mathrm{End}_{𝖣(B)}(\mathrm{\Delta }_B^{}(f)\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{})`$
$`\mathrm{End}_{𝖣(B)}(\mathrm{\Delta }_B^{}(f))`$
$`B/BfB.`$
4. By taking cohomology of the isomorphism of 2, we have the statement by Remark 2.20. ∎

We give some tilting complexes satisfying the following proposition in Section 4.

###### Proposition 3.14.

Let $`A`$, $`B`$ be projective algebras over a commutative ring $`k`$, $`e`$ an idempotent of $`A`$, $`P^{}`$ a recollement tilting complex related to $`e`$, and $`B\mathrm{End}_{𝖣(A)}(P^{})`$. If $`P^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝐋}\mathrm{\Delta }_{A}^{}(e)\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e)`$ in $`𝖣(A)`$, then the following hold.

1. $`A/AeAB/BfB`$ as a ring, where $`f`$ is an idempotent of $`B`$ corresponding to $`e`$.
2. The standard equivalence $`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(T^{},):𝖣(A)𝖣(B)`$ induces an equivalence $`R^0\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(T^{},)|_{\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}A/AeA}:\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}A/AeA\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}B/BfB`$, where $`{}_{B}{}^{}T_{A}^{}`$ is the associated two-sided tilting complex of $`P^{}`$.

###### Proof.

1. By the assumption, we have an isomorphism $`Res_A\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{}Res_A\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e)`$ in $`𝖣(A)`$. By Corollary 2.19, Proposition 3.13, we have the statement.

2. Let $`𝖣_{A/AeA}^0(A)`$ (resp., $`𝖣_{B/BfB}^0(B)`$) be the full subcategory of $`𝖣_{A/AeA}(A)`$ (resp., $`𝖣_{B/BfB}(B)`$) consisting of complexes $`X^{}`$ with $`\mathrm{H}^i(X^{})=O`$ for $`i0`$. This category is equivalent to $`\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}A/AeA`$ (res., $`\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}B/BfB`$). By Corollary 3.9, we have isomorphisms in $`𝖣(B)`$:

$`\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{}`$ $`\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e)\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{}`$
$`T^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{A}^{}(e)\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{}`$
$`\mathrm{\Delta }_B^{}(f)\stackrel{}{}{}_{B}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}T_{}^{}`$
$`\mathrm{\Delta }_B^{}(f).`$
Define

$`F^{}`$ $`=𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{},):𝖣_{A/AeA}(A)𝖣_{B/BfB}(B),`$
$`G^{}`$ $`=𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{},):𝖣_{B/BfB}(B)𝖣_{A/AeA}(A),`$
then they induce an equivalence between $`𝖣_{A/AeA}(A)`$ and $`𝖣_{B/BfB}(B)`$, by Proposition 3.11. For any $`X\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}A/AeA`$, we have isomorphisms in $`𝖣(k)`$:

$`Res_k𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{},X)`$ $`Res_k𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e),X)`$
$`X.`$
This means that $`\mathrm{Im}F^{}|_{\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}A/AeA}`$ is contained in $`𝖣_{B/BfB}^0(B)`$. Similarly since we have isomorphisms in $`𝖣(k)`$:

$`Res_k𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{},Y)`$ $`Res_k𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_B^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_B^{}(f),Y)`$
$`Y,`$
for any $`Y\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}B/BfB`$, $`\mathrm{Im}G^{}|_{\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}B/BfB}`$ is contained in $`𝖣_{A/AeA}^0(A)`$. Therefore $`F^{}`$ and $`G^{}`$ induce an equivalence between $`𝖣_{A/AeA}^0(A)`$ and $`𝖣_{B/BfB}^0(B)`$. Since we have isomorphisms in $`𝖣(B)`$:

$`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(T^{},X)`$ $`𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(T^{},i_A^e(X))`$
$`i_B^f𝑹\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(\mathrm{\Delta }_T^{},X)`$
for any $`X\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}A/AeA`$, we complete the proof. ∎

## 4. Tilting Complexes over symmetric Algebras

Throughout this section, $`A`$ is a finite dimensional algebra over a field $`k`$, and $`D=\mathrm{Hom}_k(,k)`$. $`A`$ is called a symmetric $`k`$-algebra if $`ADA`$ as $`A`$-bimodules. In the case of symmetric algebras, the following basic property has been seen in .

###### Lemma 4.1.

Let $`A`$ be a symmetric algebra over a field $`k`$, and $`P^{}𝖪^\mathrm{b}(\mathrm{𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗃}A)`$. For a bounded complex $`X^{}`$ of finitely generated right $`A`$-modules, we have an isomorphism:

$$\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(P^{},X^{})D\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(X^{},P^{}).$$

In particular we have an isomorphism:

$$\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖪(A)}(P^{},X^{}[n])D\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖪(A)}(X^{},P^{}[n])$$

for any $`n`$.

###### Definition 4.2.

For a complex $`X^{}`$, we denote $`l(X^{})=\mathrm{max}\{n|\mathrm{H}^n(X^{})0\}\mathrm{min}\{n|\mathrm{H}^n(X^{})0\}+1`$. We call $`l(X^{})`$ the length of a complex $`X^{}`$.

We redefine precisely Definition 2.12 for constructing tilting complexes.

###### Definition 4.3.

Let $`A`$ be a finite dimensional algebra over a field $`k`$, $`M`$ a finitely generated $`A`$-module, and $`P^{}:P^{sr}\mathrm{}P^{s1}P^s𝖪^\mathrm{b}(\mathrm{𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗃}A)`$ a partial tilting complex of length $`r+1`$. For an integer $`n0`$, by induction, we construct a family $`\{\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},M)\}_{n0}`$ of complexes as follows.

Let $`\mathrm{\Delta }_0^{}(P^{},M)=M`$. For $`n1`$, by induction we construct a triangle $`\zeta _n(P^{},M)`$:

$$P_n^{}[n+sr1]\stackrel{g_n}{}\mathrm{\Delta }_{n1}^{}(P^{},M)\stackrel{h_n}{}\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},M)P_n^{}[n+sr]$$

as follows. If $`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖪(A)}(P^{},\mathrm{\Delta }_{n1}^{}(P^{},M)[rsn+1])=0`$, then we set $`P_n^{}=O`$. Otherwise, we take $`P_n^{}\mathrm{𝖺𝖽𝖽}P^{}`$ and a morphism $`g_n^{}:P_n^{}\mathrm{\Delta }_{n1}^{}(P^{},M)[rsn+1]`$ such that $`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖪(A)}(P^{},g_n^{})`$ is a projective cover as $`\mathrm{End}_{𝖣(A)}(P^{})`$-modules, and $`g_n=g_n^{}[n+sr1]`$. Moreover, $`\mathrm{\Theta }_n^{}(P^{},M)=\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},M)P^{}[n+sr]`$.

By the construction, we have the following properties.

###### Lemma 4.4.

For $`\{\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},M)\}_{n0}`$, we have isomorphisms:

$$\mathrm{H}^{rn+i}(\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},M))\mathrm{H}^{rn+i}(\mathrm{\Delta }_{n+j}^{}(P^{},M))$$

for all $`i>0`$ and $`\mathrm{}j0`$.

###### Lemma 4.5.

For $`\{\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},M)\}_{n0}`$ and $`\mathrm{}nr`$, we have

$$\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(P^{},\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},M)[i])=0$$

for all $`irn`$.

###### Proof.

Applying $`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(P^{},)`$ to $`\zeta _n(P^{},M)`$ ($`n1`$), in case of $`0nr`$ we have

$$\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(P^{},\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},M)[i])=0$$

for $`i>rn`$ or $`i<0`$. Then in case of $`nr`$ we have

$$\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(P^{},\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},M)[i])=0$$

for $`irn`$. ∎

###### Theorem 4.6.

Let $`A`$ be a symmetric algebra over a field $`k`$, and $`P^{}𝖪^\mathrm{b}(\mathrm{𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗃}A)`$ a partial tilting complex of length $`r+1`$. Then the following are equivalent.

1. $`\mathrm{H}^i(\mathrm{\Delta }_r^{}(P^{},A))=O`$ for all $`i>0`$.
2. $`\mathrm{\Theta }_n^{}(P^{},A)`$ is a tilting complex for any $`nr`$.

###### Proof.

According to the construction of $`\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},A)`$, it is clear that $`\mathrm{\Theta }_n^{}(P^{},A)`$ generates $`𝖪^\mathrm{b}(\mathrm{𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗃}A)`$. By Lemmas 4.1 and 4.5, it is easy to see that $`\mathrm{\Theta }_n^{}(P^{},A)`$ is a tilting complex for $`A`$ if and only if $`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},A),\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},A)[i])=0`$ for all $`i>0`$. By Proposition 4.4, we have

$`\mathrm{H}^i(\mathrm{\Delta }_r^{}(P^{},A))`$ $`\mathrm{H}^i(\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},A))`$
$`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(A,\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},A)[i])`$
for all $`i>0`$. For $`jn`$, applying $`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(,\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},A))`$ to $`\zeta _j(P^{},A)`$, we have

$$\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(\mathrm{\Delta }_j^{}(P^{},A),\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},A)[i])\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(\mathrm{\Delta }_{j1}^{}(P^{},A),\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},A)[i])$$

for all $`i>0`$, because $`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(P^{}[jr1],\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},A)[i])=0`$ for all $`i0`$. Therefore $`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(A,\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},A)[i])=0`$ for all $`i>0`$ if and only if $`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},A),\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},A)[i])=0`$ for all $`i>0`$. ∎

###### Corollary 4.7.

Let $`A`$ be a symmetric algebra over a field $`k`$, $`P^{}𝖪^\mathrm{b}(\mathrm{𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗃}A)`$ a partial tilting complex of length $`r+1`$, and $`V^{}`$ the associated bimodule complex of $`P^{}`$. Then the following are equivalent.

1. $`\mathrm{H}^i(\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(V^{}))=O`$ for all $`i>0`$.
2. $`\mathrm{\Theta }_n^{}(P^{},A)`$ is a tilting complex for any $`nr`$.

###### Proof.

According to Corollary 2.16, we have $`\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(V^{})\mathrm{\Delta }_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},A)`$ in $`𝖣(A)`$. Since $`\mathrm{H}^i(\mathrm{\Delta }_{\mathrm{}}^{}(P^{},A))\mathrm{H}^i(\mathrm{\Delta }_r^{}(P^{},A))`$ for $`i>0`$, we complete the proof by Theorem 4.6. ∎

In the case of symmetric algebras, we have a complex version of extensions of classical partial tilting modules which was showed by Bongartz .

###### Corollary 4.8.

Let $`A`$ be a symmetric algebra over a field $`k`$, and $`P^{}𝖪^\mathrm{b}(\mathrm{𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗃}A)`$ a partial tilting complex of length 2. Then $`\mathrm{\Theta }_n^{}(P^{},A)`$ is a tilting complex for any $`n1`$.

###### Proof.

By the construction, $`\mathrm{\Delta }_1^i(P^{},A)=O`$ for $`i>0`$. According to Theorem 4.6 we complete the proof. ∎

For an object $`M`$ in an additive category, we denote by $`n(M)`$ the number of indecomposable types in $`\mathrm{𝖺𝖽𝖽}M`$.

###### Corollary 4.9.

Let $`A`$ be a symmetric algebra over a field $`k`$, and $`P^{}𝖪^\mathrm{b}(\mathrm{𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗃}A)`$ a partial tilting complex of length 2. Then the following are equivalent.

1. $`P^{}`$ is a tilting complex for $`A`$.
2. $`n(P^{})=n(A)`$.

###### Proof.

We may assume $`P^{}:P^1P^0`$. Since $`\mathrm{\Theta }_1^{}(P^{},A)=P^{}\mathrm{\Delta }_1^{}(P^{},A)`$, by Corollary 4.8, we have $`n(A)=n(\mathrm{\Theta }_1^{}(P^{},A))=n(P^{})+m`$ for some $`m0`$. It is easy to see that $`m=0`$ if and only if $`\mathrm{𝖺𝖽𝖽}\mathrm{\Theta }_1^{}(P^{},A)=\mathrm{𝖺𝖽𝖽}P^{}`$. ∎

###### Lemma 4.10.

Let $`\theta :\mathrm{𝟏}_{𝖣(eAe)}j_A^ej_{A!}^e`$ be the adjunction arrow, and let $`X^{}𝖣(eAe)`$ and $`Y^{}𝖣(A)`$. For $`h\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(j_{A!}^e(X^{}),Y^{})`$, let $`\mathrm{\Phi }(h)=j_A^e(h)\theta _X`$, then $`\mathrm{\Phi }:\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(j_{A!}^e(X^{}),Y^{})\stackrel{}{}\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(X^{},j_A^eY^{})`$ is an isomorphism as $`\mathrm{End}_{𝖣(A)}(X^{})`$-modules.

###### Theorem 4.11.

Let $`A`$ be a symmetric algebra over a field $`k`$, $`e`$ an idempotent of $`A`$, $`Q^{}𝖪^\mathrm{b}(\mathrm{𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗃}eAe)`$ a tilting complex for $`eAe`$, and $`P^{}=j_{A!}^e(Q^{})𝖪^\mathrm{b}(\mathrm{𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗃}A)`$ with $`l(P^{})=r+1`$. For $`nr`$, the following hold.

1. $`\mathrm{\Theta }_n^{}(P^{},A)`$ is a recollement tilting complex related to $`e`$.
2. $`A/AeAB/BfB`$, where $`B=\mathrm{End}_{𝖣(A)}(\mathrm{\Theta }_n^{}(P^{},A))`$ and $`f`$ is an idempotent of $`B`$ corresponding to $`e`$.

###### Proof.

We may assume $`P^{}:P^r\mathrm{}P^1P^0`$. Since $`j_{A!}^e`$ is fully faithful, $`\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(A)}(P^{},P^{}[i])=0`$ for $`i0`$. Consider a family $`\{\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},A)\}_{n0}`$ of Definition 4.3 and triangles $`\zeta _n(P^{},A)`$:

$$P_n^{}[nr1]\stackrel{g_n}{}\mathrm{\Delta }_{n1}^{}(P^{},A)\stackrel{h_n}{}\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},A)P_n^{}[nr].$$

The morphism $`\mathrm{\Phi }`$ of Lemma 4.10 induces isomorphisms between exact sequences in $`\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}B`$:

$$\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣\left(A\right)}(P^{},P_n^{}\left[nr1+i\right])& \mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣\left(A\right)}(P^{},\mathrm{\Delta }_{n1}^{}(P^{},A)\left[i\right])\\ \mathrm{\Phi }& \mathrm{\Phi }\\ \mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣\left(eAe\right)}(Q^{},j_A^eP_n^{}\left[nr1+i\right])& \mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣\left(eAe\right)}(Q^{},j_A^e\mathrm{\Delta }_{n1}^{}(P^{},A)\left[i\right])\\ & \\ \mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣\left(A\right)}(P^{},\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},A)\left[i\right])& \mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣\left(A\right)}(P^{},P_n^{}\left[nr+i\right])\\ \mathrm{\Phi }& \mathrm{\Phi }\\ \mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣\left(eAe\right)}(Q^{},j_A^e\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},A)\left[i\right])& \mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣\left(eAe\right)}(Q^{},j_A^eP_n^{}\left[nr+i\right])\end{array}$$

for all $`i`$. By Lemma 4.10, we have $`j_A^e(\zeta _n(P^{},A))\zeta _n(Q^{},j_A^eA)`$ in $`𝖣(eAe)`$, and then $`\{j_A^e(\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},A))\}_{n0}\{\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(Q^{},Ae)\}_{n0}`$. By lemma 4.5, it is easy to see that

$$\mathrm{Hom}_{𝖣(eAe)}(Q^{},\mathrm{\Delta }_{\mathrm{}}^{}(Q^{},Ae)[i])=0$$

for all $`i`$. Since $`Q^{}`$ is a tilting complex for $`eAe`$, $`\mathrm{\Delta }_{\mathrm{}}^{}(Q^{},Ae)`$ is a null complex, that is $`\mathrm{H}^i(\mathrm{\Delta }_{\mathrm{}}^{}(Q^{},Ae))=O`$ for all $`i`$. By Lemma 4.4, for $`nr`$ we have $`\mathrm{H}^i(\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(Q^{},Ae))=O`$ for all $`i>0`$. By the above isomorphism, for $`nr`$ we have $`\mathrm{H}^i(\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},A))\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}A/AeA`$ for all $`i>0`$. On the other hand, $`\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},A)`$ has the form:

$$R^{}:R^n\mathrm{}R^0R^1\mathrm{}R^{r1},$$

where $`R^i\mathrm{𝖺𝖽𝖽}eA`$ for $`i0`$, and $`R^0=AR^{}_{}{}^{}0`$ with $`R^{}_{}{}^{}0\mathrm{𝖺𝖽𝖽}eA`$. Since $`\mathrm{Hom}_A(eA,\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}A/AeA)=0`$, it is easy to see that $`\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},A)\sigma _0\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},A)`$ ($`\sigma _0\mathrm{}\sigma _{r2}\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},A)`$ if $`r2`$). Therefore, $`\mathrm{H}^i(\mathrm{\Delta }_n^{}(P^{},A))=O`$ for all $`i>0`$, and hence $`\mathrm{\Theta }_n^{}(P^{},A)`$ is a recollement tilting complex related to $`e`$ by Theorem 4.6. Since $`\mathrm{\Theta }_n^{}(P^{},A)P^{}[nr]R^{}`$ and $`j_{A!}^e(X^{})\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{A}^{}(e)=i_A^ej_{A!}^e(X^{})=O`$ for $`X^{}𝖣(eAe)`$, we have an isomorphism $`\mathrm{\Theta }_n^{}(P^{},A)\stackrel{}{}_A\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e)\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e)`$ in $`𝖣(A)`$. By Proposition 3.14, we complete the proof. ∎

###### Corollary 4.12.

Under the condition Theorem 4.11, let $`{}_{B}{}^{}T_{A}^{}`$ be the associated two-sided tilting complex of $`\mathrm{\Theta }_n^{}(P^{},A)`$. Then the standard equivalence $`𝐑\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(T^{},):𝖣(A)\stackrel{}{}𝖣(B)`$ induces an equivalence $`R^0\mathrm{Hom}_A^{}(T^{},)|_{\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}A/AeA}:\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}A/AeA\stackrel{}{}\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}B/BfB`$.

###### Proof.

By the proof of Theorem 4.11, we have $`T^{}\stackrel{}{}{}_{A}{}^{𝑳}\mathrm{\Delta }_{A}^{}(e)\mathrm{\Delta }_A^{}(e)`$ in $`𝖣(A)`$. By Proposition 3.14, we complete the proof. ∎

###### Remark 4.13.

For a symmetric algebra $`A`$ over a field $`k`$ and an idempotent $`e`$ of $`A`$, $`eAe`$ is also a symmetric $`k`$-algebra. Therefore, we have constructions of tilting complexes with respect to any sequence of idempotents of $`A`$. Moreover, if a recollement $`\{𝖣_{A/AeA}(A),𝖣(A),𝖣(eAe)\}`$ is triangle equivalent to a recollement $`\{𝖣_{B/BfB}(B),𝖣(B),𝖣(fBf)\}`$, then $`B`$ and $`fBf`$ are also symmetric $`k`$-algebras.

###### Remark 4.14.

According to , under the condition of Theorem 4.11 we have a stable equivalence $`\underset{¯}{\mathrm{𝗆𝗈𝖽}}A\stackrel{}{}\underset{¯}{\mathrm{𝗆𝗈𝖽}}B`$ which sends $`A/AeA`$-modules to $`B/BfB`$-modules, where $`\underset{¯}{\mathrm{𝗆𝗈𝖽}}A,\underset{¯}{\mathrm{𝗆𝗈𝖽}}B`$ are stable categories of finitely generated modules. In particular, this equivalence sends simple $`A/AeA`$-modules to simple $`B/BfB`$-modules.

###### Remark 4.15.

Let $`A`$ be a ring, and $`e`$ an idempotent of $`A`$ such that there is a finitely generated projective resolution of $`Ae`$ in $`\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}eAe`$. Then Hoshino and Kato showed that $`\mathrm{\Theta }_n^{}(eA,A)`$ is a tilting complex if and only if $`\mathrm{Ext}_A^i(A/AeA,eA)=0`$ for $`0i<n`$ (). In even this case, we have also $`A/AeAB/BfB`$, where $`B=\mathrm{End}_{𝖣(A)}(\mathrm{\Theta }_n^{}(eA,A))`$ and $`f`$ is an idempotent of $`B`$ corresponding to $`e`$. Moreover if $`A`$, $`B`$ are projective algebras over a commutative ring $`k`$, then by Proposition 3.14 the standard equivalence induces an equivalence $`\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}A/AeA\stackrel{}{}\mathrm{𝖬𝗈𝖽}B/BfB`$.


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text: # On decomposing 𝑁=2 line bundles as tensor products of 𝑁=1 line bundles