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# S-brane Solutions in Supergravity Theories

## I Introduction

There has been a recent surge of interest in time dependent solutions in string theory. In KOSST01 ; BHKN02 ; Ne02 ; CC02  the question of a stringy resolution of cosmological singularities in time dependent string orbifolds was discussed. The dS/CFT correspondence St01 ; BBM01  identifies time evolution in de Sitter space with renormalization group flow St01a . Very recently Sen Se02a ; Se02b  (see also Gib02 ) has constructed a conformal field theory description of dynamical open string tachyon condensation. For an earlier work on time-dependent solutions see BF94 ; LOW97a ; LOW97b ; PS97 ; LW97 ; IM01 .

Dirichlet branes Po95  are extended solitonic objects carrying Ramond-Ramond charge and therefore the worldvolume of such a (static) brane includes the time direction. It is a natural question, partly motivated by the dS/CFT correspondence, whether there are Euclidean branes which have a purely spacelike world volume. Euclidean branes were first constructed in Hu98 ; Hu01  in type II theories which are non-unitary theories obtained by timelike T-duality from the standard type II theories. The simplest starting point for the construction of a Euclidean brane in type II theories is given by considering open strings which satisfy Dirichlet boundary conditions in the time direction GS02 . Such a spacelike brane (S-brane) only exists for one instant in time.

Another argument for the existence of S-branes uses the open string tachyons in unstable D-branes or D-brane-anti-D-brane pairs. (Similar constructions are also possible in field theory FGGRS95 ). The basic argument for the existence of S-branes, illustrated by a specific example, is the following. In type IIA string theory there exists “miss-matched” D-branes, such as the D3-brane, which are unstable and contain a tachyon field. Let us consider the D3-brane as our example. The potential of the tachyon field, $`U(T)`$, resembles a double well; it was argued that the stable D2-brane is the tachyonic kink solution of the unstable D3 world volume field theory Se99 . However, one can imagine a similar notion for the time-dependent case. Suppose the initial data ($`t=0`$) for the D3-brane tachyon field is located at the unstable maximum, $`U(0)`$, with a small constant positive velocity. Then the tachyon field will roll off from the top of the potential and evolves to the positive minimum at $`t=\mathrm{}`$. During this evolution closed string radiation will be emitted and then it will propagate to infinity. Similarly, as a consequence of time reversal symmetry, the tachyon field will approach the negative minimum at $`t=\mathrm{}`$. This process can be realized as incoming radiation which excites the tachyon field to the top of potential barrier. The full picture is a timelike kink in the tachyon field which is a S2-brane.

Using the known coupling of the spacetime RR fields to the world volume open string tachyon it was shown that this S2-brane carries charge, defined as the integral of the RR-field over a surrounding sphere (including the time dimension). The same kind of charge is carried by an ordinary D2-brane. In analogy with Sen’s identification, this timelike kink can be identified as an SD2-brane, i.e. a Dirichlet brane arising from open string with a Dirichlet boundary condition on the time dimension.

Obviously this construction can be generalized to other codimensions, for example to branes as vortices in a brane-anti-brane pair. Moreover, a similar discussion for the initial data along the null direction will lead to null branes (N-branes).

Both the boundary state and the tachyon picture of the S-brane suggests that a Sp-brane (with $`p+1`$ dimensional Euclidean worldvolume) in $`d`$ dimensions should have $`ISO(p+1)\times SO(dp2,1)`$ symmetry. The non-compact $`SO(dp2,1)`$ can be interpreted as the R-symmetry of a Euclidean field theory living on the S-brane. In GS02  supergravity solutions respecting this symmetry where found in two particular cases, it is the aim of this paper to generalize these S-brane solutions to arbitrary form field, codimensions and dilaton coupling. These solutions are new interesting time dependent/cosmological solutions of supergravities. Note however that the relation of these solutions to the boundary state and tachyon construction of the S-brane is quite nontrivial and not well understood at present.

## II General S-branes

In this section we analyze equations governing S(p-1)-branes associated with the charge of a $`q`$-form field strength. The system contains a graviton, a $`q`$-form field strength, F\[q\], and a dilaton scalar, $`\varphi `$, coupled to the form field with the coupling constant $`a`$. This is a general framework which encompasses the bosonic sector of various supergravity theories, coming from a truncation of the low energy limit of M-theory and string theories, by a certain choice of the dimension $`d`$, the rank of the form field $`q`$, and the dilaton coupling $`a`$. In the Einstein frame, the action is given by

$$S=d^dx\sqrt{g}\left(R\frac{1}{2}_\mu \varphi ^\mu \varphi \frac{1}{2q!}\mathrm{e}^{a\varphi }F_{[q]}^2\right).$$
(1)
This action is invariant under the following discrete S-duality:

$$g_{\mu \nu }g_{\mu \nu },F\mathrm{e}^{a\varphi }F,\varphi \varphi ,$$
(2)
where $``$ denotes a $`d`$-dimensional Hodge dual. This may be used to construct electric versions of magnetic S-branes and vice versa. The equations of motion, derived from the variation of the action with respect to the individual fields, are

$`R_{\mu \nu }{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}_\mu \varphi _\nu \varphi {\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{e}^{a\varphi }}{2(q1)!}}\left[F_{\mu \alpha _2\mathrm{}\alpha _q}F_\nu {}_{}{}^{\alpha _2\mathrm{}\alpha _q}{\displaystyle \frac{q1}{q(d2)}}F_{[q]}^2g_{\mu \nu }\right]`$ $`=`$ $`0,`$ (3)
$`_\mu \left(\sqrt{g}\mathrm{e}^{a\varphi }F^{\mu \nu _2\mathrm{}\nu _q}\right)`$ $`=`$ $`0,`$ (4)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{g}}}_\mu \left(\sqrt{g}^\mu \varphi \right){\displaystyle \frac{a}{2q!}}\mathrm{e}^{a\varphi }F_{[q]}^2`$ $`=`$ $`0.`$ (5)
We study S-branes with a world volume given by a $`p`$ dimensional conformally flat space and with a transverse space being the $`k`$ dimensional hyperspace $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_{k,\sigma }`$ and $`qk`$ dimensional delocalized space. Obviously, in $`d`$ dimensions, $`p=dq1`$. With this in mind we choose the metric

$$ds^2=\mathrm{e}^{2A}dt^2+\mathrm{e}^{2B}(dx_1^2+\mathrm{}+dx_p^2)+\mathrm{e}^{2C}d\mathrm{\Sigma }_{k,\sigma }^2+\mathrm{e}^{2D}(dy_1^2+\mathrm{}+dy_{qk}^2),$$
(6)
parameterized by four $`t`$-dependent functions $`A(t),B(t),C(t)`$ and $`D(t)`$. The hyperspace $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_{k,\sigma }`$ for $`\sigma =0,+1,1`$ is the $`k`$-dimensional flat space, the sphere and the hyperbolic space respectively. They can be described as

$$d\mathrm{\Sigma }_{k,\sigma }^2=\overline{g}_{ab}dz^adz^b=\{\begin{array}{cc}d\psi ^2+\mathrm{sinh}^2\psi d\mathrm{\Omega }_{k1}^2,\hfill & \sigma =1,\hfill \\ d\psi ^2+\psi ^2d\mathrm{\Omega }_{k1}^2,\hfill & \sigma =0,\hfill \\ d\psi ^2+\mathrm{sin}^2\psi d\mathrm{\Omega }_{k1}^2,\hfill & \sigma =+1,\hfill \end{array}$$
(7)
satisfying

$$\overline{R}_{ab}=\sigma (k1)\overline{g}_{ab}.$$
(8)
The metrics above have $`SO(k1,1),ISO(k)`$ and $`SO(k)`$ symmetries respectively. In GS02  in order to have a solution with the correct R-symmetry only the case $`\sigma =1`$ and hence $`SO(k1,1)`$ symmetry was considered. In the following we will discuss all three choices of $`\sigma `$.

With this ansatz, the equation for the form field (4), can easily be solved giving

$$F_{[q]}=b\text{vol}(\mathrm{\Sigma }_{k,\sigma })dy_1\mathrm{}dy_{qk}.$$
(9)
where $`b`$ is the field strength parameter, $`\text{vol}(\mathrm{\Sigma }_{k,\sigma })`$ denotes the unit volume form of the hyperspace $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_{k,\sigma }`$.

The ansatz (6) and (9) has $`qk`$ flat directions, takes these directions to be toroidal the solutions are in some sense ‘smeared’ or delocalized along these directions. Note that from tachyon picture the appearance of delocalized coordinates is quite natural since the tachyon is localized on a brane. The solutions of GS02  can be obtained by setting $`k=q`$.

To derive the equations for the metric functions $`A,B,C`$ and $`D`$ one calculates first the Ricci tensor for the metric (6), the non-vanishing components being

$`R_{tt}`$ $`=`$ $`p(\ddot{B}+\dot{B}^2\dot{A}\dot{B})k(\ddot{C}+\dot{C}^2\dot{A}\dot{C})(qk)(\ddot{D}+\dot{D}^2\dot{A}\dot{D}),`$ (10)
$`R_{xx}`$ $`=`$ $`\mathrm{e}^{2B2A}\left[\ddot{B}\dot{A}\dot{B}+p\dot{B}^2+k\dot{B}\dot{C}+(qk)\dot{B}\dot{D}\right],`$ (11)
$`R_{yy}`$ $`=`$ $`\mathrm{e}^{2D2A}\left[\ddot{D}\dot{A}\dot{D}+p\dot{B}\dot{D}+k\dot{C}\dot{D}+(qk)\dot{D}^2\right],`$ (12)
$`R_{ab}`$ $`=`$ $`\left\{\mathrm{e}^{2C2A}\left[\ddot{C}\dot{A}\dot{C}+p\dot{B}\dot{C}+k\dot{C}^2+(qk)\dot{C}\dot{D}\right]+\sigma (k1)\right\}\overline{g}_{ab}.`$ (13)
From the expressions for the Ricci tensor, we note that the formulation can be largely simplified once we chose the following gauge condition

$$A+pB+kC+(qk)D=0.$$
(14)
After taking the above gauge, the Einstein equations (3) finally reduce to the following set of equations

$`\ddot{A}+\dot{A}^2p\dot{B}^2k\dot{C}^2(qk)\dot{D}^2{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\dot{\varphi }^2{\displaystyle \frac{(q1)b^2}{2(d2)}}\mathrm{e}^{a\varphi +2pB}`$ $`=`$ $`0,`$ (15)
$`\ddot{B}+{\displaystyle \frac{(q1)b^2}{2(d2)}}\mathrm{e}^{a\varphi +2pB}`$ $`=`$ $`0,`$ (16)
$`\ddot{C}+\sigma (k1)\mathrm{e}^{2A2C}{\displaystyle \frac{pb^2}{2(d2)}}\mathrm{e}^{a\varphi +2pB}`$ $`=`$ $`0,`$ (17)
$`\ddot{D}{\displaystyle \frac{pb^2}{2(d2)}}\mathrm{e}^{a\varphi +2pB}`$ $`=`$ $`0.`$ (18)
Substituting our ansatz into the Eq.(5) one obtains the following dilaton equation

$$\ddot{\varphi }+\frac{ab^2}{2}\mathrm{e}^{a\varphi +2pB}=0,$$
(19)
where dots denote derivatives with respect to $`t`$.

The equations (16), (18) and (19) are of similar structure, and it is easy to see that the appropriate combinations of $`D,B`$ and $`\varphi ,B`$ obey simple homogeneous equations. Therefore

$$\varphi =\frac{a(d2)}{q1}B+c_1t+c_2,$$
(20)
with constant $`c_1,c_2`$. Similar relation can be found for $`D`$ and $`B`$, for which, however, we simply take

$$D=\frac{p}{q1}B.$$
(21)
It is more convenient to reparameterize $`A(t),B(t),C(t),D(t)`$ ensuring the gauge (14) choice by two independent functions $`f(t),g(t)`$ as

$$A=kg\frac{p}{q1}f,B=f,C=g\frac{p}{q1}f,D=\frac{p}{q1}f,$$
(22)
consequently, the equations of motion reduce to

$`\ddot{f}+{\displaystyle \frac{(q1)b^2}{2(d2)}}\mathrm{e}^{\chi f+ac_1t+ac_2}`$ $`=`$ $`0,`$ (23)
$`\ddot{g}+\sigma (k1)\mathrm{e}^{2(k1)g}`$ $`=`$ $`0,`$ (24)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{p}{q1}}\ddot{f}k\ddot{g}+k(k1)\dot{g}^2{\displaystyle \frac{(d2)\chi }{2(q1)}}\dot{f}^2`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}c_1^2{\displaystyle \frac{ac_1(d2)}{(q1)}}\dot{f}{\displaystyle \frac{(q1)b^2}{2(d2)}}\mathrm{e}^{\chi f+ac_1t+ac_2}`$ $`=`$ $`0,`$ (25)
where the parameter $`\chi `$ is defined as

$$\chi =2p+\frac{a^2(d2)}{q1}.$$
(26)
The terms linear in $`t`$ can be absorbed into $`f`$ by defining

$$f(t)=h(t)\frac{ac_1}{\chi }t\frac{ac_2}{\chi }.$$
(27)
In terms of $`h`$ the equations of motion become

$`\ddot{h}+{\displaystyle \frac{(q1)b^2}{2(d2)}}\mathrm{e}^{\chi h}`$ $`=`$ $`0,`$ (28)
$`\ddot{g}+\sigma (k1)\mathrm{e}^{2(k1)g}`$ $`=`$ $`0,`$ (29)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{p}{q1}}\ddot{h}k\ddot{g}+k(k1)\dot{g}^2{\displaystyle \frac{(d2)\chi }{2(q1)}}\dot{h}^2{\displaystyle \frac{pc_1^2}{\chi }}{\displaystyle \frac{(q1)b^2}{2(d2)}}\mathrm{e}^{\chi h}`$ $`=`$ $`0.`$ (30)
In fact, equations (28), (29) and (30) are equivalent to the two first order equations

$`\dot{h}^2+{\displaystyle \frac{(q1)b^2}{(d2)\chi }}\mathrm{e}^{\chi h}`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha ^2,`$ (31)
$`\dot{g}^2+\sigma \mathrm{e}^{2(k1)g}`$ $`=`$ $`\beta ^2,`$ (32)
provided the integration constants $`\alpha `$ and $`\beta `$ satisfy

$$\frac{pc_1^2}{\chi }+\frac{(d2)\chi \alpha ^2}{2(q1)}k(k1)\beta ^2=0.$$
(33)
These equations can easily be integrated and the solution in terms of $`f`$ and $`g`$ are given by

$`f(t)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{2}{\chi }}\mathrm{ln}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\alpha }{\mathrm{cosh}\left[\frac{\chi \alpha }{2}(tt_0)\right]}}\right)+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\chi }}\mathrm{ln}\left({\displaystyle \frac{(d2)\chi }{(q1)b^2}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{ac_1}{\chi }}t{\displaystyle \frac{ac_2}{\chi }},`$ (34)
$`g(t)`$ $`=`$ $`\{\begin{array}{cc}\frac{1}{k1}\mathrm{ln}\left(\frac{\beta }{\mathrm{sinh}[(k1)\beta (tt_1)]}\right),\hfill & \sigma =1.\hfill \\ \pm \beta (tt_1),\hfill & \sigma =0.\hfill \\ \frac{1}{k1}\mathrm{ln}\left(\frac{\beta }{\mathrm{cosh}[(k1)\beta (tt_1)]}\right),\hfill & \sigma =+1.\hfill \end{array}`$ (38)
Superficially it might seem that the solution depends on six parameters $`t_0,t_1,c_1,c_2,b,\beta `$. However it is possible to eliminate two of them. Firstly $`\beta `$ can be eliminated by rescaling $`t\beta ^1t`$ together with suitable scaling for coordinates $`\{x,y\}`$, and secondly $`t_1`$ can be set to zero by a shift of $`t`$. Hence the solution depends on four parameters.

In Table 1, we list the values of parameters for eleven-dimensional supergravity and types IIA and IIB theories in ten dimensions where the dilaton coupling is $`a=(5q)/2`$. The corresponding S-branes are not entirely independent, the discrete S-duality (2) relates them in pairs; these electric/magnetic pairs are indicated in parentheses.

For the S3-brane of IIB supergravity the five-form field strength should be self-dual which is not ensured by our previous ansatz. Therefore we solve this case separately. By self-duality $`F_{[5]}^2=0`$ the equation of motion for dilaton field in the gauge (14) becomes

$$\ddot{\varphi }=0.$$
(39)
In fact, the dilaton coupling with form field $`F_{[5]}`$ is absent in IIB theory, $`a=0`$, so the dilaton field can be set to a constant. Following an analogous calculation we found that the self-dual five-form field should be

$$F_{[5]}=\frac{b}{\sqrt{2}}(1+)\text{vol}(\mathrm{\Sigma }_{k,\sigma })dy_1\mathrm{}dy_{5k}.$$
(40)
The S3-brane solution is therefore given by setting $`a=0`$ and $`c_1=0`$ and the metric can be directly read from the general expressions of solutions given in this section by using the values of parameters in Table 1.

### II.1 Hyperbolic transverse space

In this subsection we will discuss the form of the metric in special limiting cases. In order to simplify notation we set $`t_1=0`$ and $`\beta =1`$ by a shift and rescaling discussed before.

The asymptotic region is at $`t0`$ where the radius of the $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_{k,1}`$ diverges. Defining $`u=[(k1)t]^{1/(k1)}`$, near $`t=0,u=\mathrm{}`$ the metric becomes

$$ds_{t0}^2\mathrm{e}^{\frac{2pf_0}{q1}}(du^2+u^2d\mathrm{\Sigma }_{k,1}^2+d\stackrel{}{y}_{qk}^2)+\mathrm{e}^{2f_0}d\stackrel{}{x}_p^2,$$
(41)
with

$$f_0=\frac{2}{\chi }\mathrm{ln}\left(\frac{\alpha }{\mathrm{cosh}\left(\frac{\chi \alpha }{2}t_0\right)}\right)+\frac{1}{\chi }\mathrm{ln}\left(\frac{(d2)\chi }{(q1)b^2}\right)\frac{ac_2}{\chi }.$$
(42)
The large $`t`$, near-brane behavior is given by

$$ds_t\mathrm{}^2\mathrm{e}^{\frac{2pf_1}{q1}}\mathrm{e}^{\frac{2p}{q1}(\alpha +\frac{ac_1}{\chi })t}\left(2^{\frac{2k}{k1}}\mathrm{e}^{kt}dt^2+2^{\frac{2}{k1}}\mathrm{e}^td\mathrm{\Sigma }_{k,1}^2+d\stackrel{}{y}_{qk}^2\right)+\mathrm{e}^{2f_1}\mathrm{e}^{2(\alpha +\frac{ac_1}{\chi })t}d\stackrel{}{x}_p^2,$$
(43)
with

$$f_1=\frac{2}{\chi }\mathrm{ln}\alpha +\alpha t_0\frac{2}{\chi }\mathrm{ln}2+\frac{1}{\chi }\mathrm{ln}\left(\frac{(d2)\chi }{(q1)b^2}\right)\frac{ac_2}{\chi }.$$
(44)
Even thought the Ricci scalar tends to zero in this region the geometry is singular because for example the coefficient of $`d\stackrel{}{x}_p^2`$ vanishes.

### II.2 Flat transverse space

The asymptotic region near $`t0`$ the metric becomes

$$ds_{t0}^2\mathrm{e}^{\frac{2pf_0}{q1}}(dt^2+d\mathrm{\Sigma }_{k,0}^2+d\stackrel{}{y}_{qk}^2)+\mathrm{e}^{2f_0}d\stackrel{}{x}_p^2.$$
(45)
The large $`t`$, near-brane behavior is given by

$$ds_t\mathrm{}^2\mathrm{e}^{\frac{2pf_1}{q1}}\mathrm{e}^{\frac{2p}{q1}(\alpha +\frac{ac_1}{\chi })t}\left(\mathrm{e}^{\pm 2kt}dt^2+\mathrm{e}^{\pm 2t}d\mathrm{\Sigma }_{k,0}^2+d\stackrel{}{y}_{qk}^2\right)+\mathrm{e}^{2f_1}\mathrm{e}^{2(\alpha +\frac{ac_1}{\chi })t}d\stackrel{}{x}_p^2.$$
(46)
### II.3 Spherical transverse space

The asymptotic region near $`t0`$ the metric becomes

$$ds_{t0}^2\mathrm{e}^{\frac{2pf_0}{q1}}(dt^2+d\mathrm{\Sigma }_{k,+1}^2+d\stackrel{}{y}_{qk}^2)+\mathrm{e}^{2f_0}d\stackrel{}{x}_p^2.$$
(47)
The large $`t`$, near-brane behavior is given by

$$ds_t\mathrm{}^2\mathrm{e}^{\frac{2pf_1}{q1}}\mathrm{e}^{\frac{2p}{q1}(\alpha +\frac{ac_1}{\chi })t}\left(2^{\frac{2k}{k1}}\mathrm{e}^{kt}dt^2+2^{\frac{2}{k1}}\mathrm{e}^td\mathrm{\Sigma }_{k,+1}^2+d\stackrel{}{y}_{qk}^2\right)+\mathrm{e}^{2f_1}\mathrm{e}^{2(\alpha +\frac{ac_1}{\chi })t}d\stackrel{}{x}_p^2.$$
(48)
## III Static Solutions

In this section we will briefly describe the application of the ansatz and gauge we used in the previous section to the case of static solutions as it turns out these solutions are related (for a different choice of gauge) to the general black brane HoSt91  solutions found in ZZ99 , (see also BMO01 ; GQZT01 ).

The ansatz for static solution is given by

$$ds^2=\mathrm{e}^{2A}dr^2+\mathrm{e}^{2B}(dt^2+dx_1^2+\mathrm{}+dx_{p1}^2)+\mathrm{e}^{2C}d\mathrm{\Sigma }_{k,\sigma }^2+\mathrm{e}^{2D}(dy_1^2+\mathrm{}+dy_{qk}^2).$$
(49)
With the same metric for $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_{k,\sigma }`$ given by (7) and field strength (9) but in this case all functions $`A(r),B(r),C(r)`$ and $`D(r)`$ depend only on the radius coordinate $`r`$. Using the gauge condition (14) the equations of motion become (where primes now denote derivatives with respect to $`r`$).

$`A^{\prime \prime }+A^2pB^2kC^2(qk)D^2{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\varphi ^2+{\displaystyle \frac{(q1)b^2}{2(d2)}}\mathrm{e}^{a\varphi +2pB}`$ $`=`$ $`0,`$ (50)
$`B^{\prime \prime }{\displaystyle \frac{(q1)b^2}{2(d2)}}\mathrm{e}^{a\varphi +2pB}`$ $`=`$ $`0,`$ (51)
$`C^{\prime \prime }\sigma (k1)\mathrm{e}^{2A2C}+{\displaystyle \frac{pb^2}{2(d2)}}\mathrm{e}^{a\varphi +2pB}`$ $`=`$ $`0,`$ (52)
$`D^{\prime \prime }+{\displaystyle \frac{pb^2}{2(d2)}}\mathrm{e}^{a\varphi +2pB}`$ $`=`$ $`0.`$ (53)
Again $`\varphi `$ must be related to the function $`B`$ as follows

$$\varphi =\frac{a(d2)}{q1}B+c_1r+c_2.$$
(54)
Using the same relations as in (22) the equations of motion can be reduced to two first order differential equations for $`f(r),g(r)`$. The solutions are given by

$`f(r)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{2}{\chi }}\mathrm{ln}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\alpha }{\mathrm{sinh}\left[\frac{\chi \alpha }{2}(rr_0)\right]}}\right)+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\chi }}\mathrm{ln}\left({\displaystyle \frac{(d2)\chi }{(q1)b^2}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{ac_1}{\chi }}r{\displaystyle \frac{ac_2}{\chi }},`$ (55)
$`g(r)`$ $`=`$ $`\{\begin{array}{cc}\frac{1}{k1}\mathrm{ln}\left(\frac{\beta }{\mathrm{cosh}[(k1)\beta (rr_1)]}\right),\hfill & \sigma =1.\hfill \\ \pm \beta (rr_1),\hfill & \sigma =0.\hfill \\ \frac{1}{k1}\mathrm{ln}\left(\frac{\beta }{\mathrm{sinh}[(k1)\beta (rr_1)]}\right),\hfill & \sigma =+1.\hfill \end{array}`$ (59)
After rescaling and shifts the solution will depend on four parameters ($`r_0,c_1,c_2,b`$). It is instructive to compare the $`\sigma =+1`$ case to the fully localized, $`k=q`$, three-parameter ($`\rho _0,\overline{c}_1,\overline{c}_2`$) solutions found in ZZ99 ; BMO01  for type II theories in ten dimensions.111 The most general solutions in BMO01  actually contain a fourth parameter $`\overline{c}_3`$ which seems not relate to the parameter $`c_2`$ here. Moreover, please also note our notation of $`p`$ has value one different from the convention in BMO01 . A closer analysis shows that these solutions are indeed equivalent after a coordinate transformation

$$r=\frac{1}{8p}\mathrm{ln}\left(\frac{1+(\rho _0/\rho )^{8p}}{1(\rho _0/\rho )^{8p}}\right),$$
(60)
and specific value of $`c_2`$

$$c_2=\frac{4(p4)}{p(8p)}\mathrm{ln}\left(\frac{b}{\kappa (8p)}\mathrm{sinh}[(p8)\kappa r_0]\right).$$
(61)
The relation of parameters is

$`\overline{c}_1`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{c_1}{8p}},`$ (62)
$`\overline{c}_2`$ $`=`$ $`\mathrm{coth}[(p8)\kappa r_0],`$ (63)
$`\rho _0`$ $`=`$ $`2^{1/(p8)}\mathrm{exp}\left[{\displaystyle \frac{p}{4(p4)}}c_2\right],`$ (64)
where

$$\kappa ^2=\frac{2(9p)}{8p}\frac{pc_1^2}{16(8p)}.$$
(65)
In BMO01  the static solutions for $`\sigma =+1`$ where interpreted as supergravity solutions corresponding to coincident brane/anti-brane pairs. Note that whether this interpretation is correct is not clear a priori since one would not expect to have a static time independent solution for an object which is unstable and decays. It is however tempting to speculate that the time dependent solutions we have found could describe exactly such an process.

## IV Conclusion

In this paper we have constructed new time dependent solutions in supergravities. For transverse spaces which are hyperbolic these solutions generalize the ones found in GS02  to arbitrary codimension, rank of field strength and dilaton coupling. These solutions are expected to be supergravity realizations of S-branes, Euclidean branes which only exist at an instant in time. Although the solutions are not supersymmetric the field equations can be integrated (for the hyperbolic as well as the flat and spherical case). One motivation for considering S-branes was the role which Euclidean branes play in the dS/CFT correspondence and the role of holography in comparison to AdS/CFT Ma98 ; GKP98 ; Wi98 ; AGMOO99 . It would be very interesting to explore the role the solutions in this paper might play in this context. Relatedly it is an interesting question whether the solutions in this paper have a cosmological interpretation and if an S-brane can be used to get a nonsingular connection between big crunch and big bang cosmologies.

The same gauge and ansatz can be used to find static solutions. We showed that these solutions are equivalent to the ones found in ZZ99 ; BMO01 . We have speculated that the time dependent solutions could be realizations of an brane anti-brane annihilation process it would be very interesting to explore this relation further. Furthermore given the relation of brane antibrane systems to fluxbranes Me64 ; GM88 ; GW87 ; DGGH95 ; Ts95 ; DGGH96 ; RuTs96 ; CG00 ; CGS99 ; Sa01 ; GS01 ; CHC01 ; CGS02 ; Iv02 , it might be possible that the time dependent solutions describe the dynamical evolution of fluxbranes. We leave this question for future work.

###### Acknowledgements.

We would like to thank Gerard Clement, Pei-Ming Ho, Andy Strominger, John Wang and Hyun Seok Yang for discussions. The work of CMC was supported by the CosPA project, the National Science Council, Taiwan, and in part by the Center of Theoretical Physics at NTU and the National Center for Theoretical Sciences. The work of DVG was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under grant 00-02-16306. The work of MG was supported by DOE grant DE-FG02-91ER40655.


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# Classification of Incidence Scrolls (II)

## 1 Incidence Scrolls

A ruled surface is a surface $`X`$ together with a surjective morphism $`\pi :XC`$ to a smooth curve $`C`$ such that the fibre $`X_y`$ is isomorphic to $`\text{IP}^1`$ for every point $`yC`$, and such that $`\pi `$ admits a section. There exists a locally free sheaf $``$ of rank 2 on $`C`$ such that $`X\text{IP}()`$ over $`C`$. Conversely, every such $`\text{IP}()`$ is a ruled surface over $`C`$.

A scroll is a ruled surface embedded in $`\text{IP}^n`$ in such a way that the fibres $`f`$ have degree $`1`$. If we take a very ample divisor on $`X`$, $`HaC_o+\text{b}f`$, then the embedding $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{|H|}:XR_g^d\text{IP}^n=\text{IP}(H^0(𝒪_X(H)))`$ determines a scroll when $`a=1`$. A scroll $`R_g^d\text{IP}^n`$ is said to be an incidence scroll if it is generated by the lines which meet a certain set $``$ of linear spaces in $`\text{IP}^n`$, or equivalently, if the correspondent curve in $`G(1,n)`$ is an intersection of special Schubert varieties $`\mathrm{\Omega }(\text{IP}^r,\text{IP}^n)`$, $`0r<n1`$. Such a set is called a base of the incidence scroll and such a base will be denoted by:

$$=\{\text{IP}^{n_1},\text{IP}^{n_2},\mathrm{},\text{IP}^{n_r}\}.$$

We will write it simply $``$ when no confusion can arise, where $`n_1n_2\mathrm{}n_r`$.

Therefore, unless otherwise stated, we will work with linear spaces in general position. By general position we will mean that $`(\text{IP}^{n_1},\mathrm{},\text{IP}^{n_r})𝒲=G(n_1,n)\times \mathrm{}\times G(n_r,n)`$ is contained in a nonempty open subset of $`𝒲`$. For simplicity of notation, we abbreviate it to base in general position.

###### Proposition 1.1

(, Proposition 2.4) The intersection $`C=_{i=1}^r\mathrm{\Omega }(\text{IP}^{n_i},\text{IP}^n)`$ of special Schubert varieties associated to linear spaces $`\text{IP}^{n_i},i=1,\mathrm{},r`$, in general position is an irreducible curve of $`G(1,n)`$ if and only if it verifies the following equality

$`(IS)`$
$$rn(n_1+n_2+\mathrm{}+n_r)r=2n3$$

Moreover, the incidence scroll generated by a base $``$ have degree $`d`$ if and only if we obtain the following equality of Schubert cycles:

$$\mathrm{\Omega }(n_1,n)\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Omega }(n_r,n)=d\mathrm{\Omega }(0,2).$$

Using Young tableaux, we can also compute the degree of the scroll. Consider all ways of filling a $`2`$ by $`n1`$ rectangle with $`n_1\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}1}`$’s, $`n_2\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}`$’s, and so on until $`n_rr`$’s, and the one $`r+1`$ in the lower right corner. The fillings have the restriction that the numbers must be weakly increase across each row, but strictly increase down each column. The number of such objects is the degree that we desire ().

Furthermore, we present one of the three main theorems of the symbolic formalism, known as Schubert calculus, for solving enumerative problems.

###### Theorem 1.2

(Pieri’s formula) For all sequences of integers $`0a_0<\mathrm{}<a_ln`$ and for $`h=0,\mathrm{},nl`$, the following formula holds in the cohomology ring $`H^{}(G(l,n);)`$:

$$\mathrm{\Omega }(a_0,\mathrm{},a_l)\mathrm{\Omega }(h,n)=\mathrm{\Omega }(b_0,\mathrm{},b_l)$$

where the sum ranges over all sequences of integers $`b_0<\mathrm{}<b_l`$ satisfying $`0b_0a_0<b_1a_1<\mathrm{}<b_la_l`$ and $`_{i=0}^lb_i=_{i=0}^la_i(nlh)`$.

Proof. See , p. 1073.

Finally, let us mention an important property of degeneration of these scrolls.

###### Proposition 1.3

(, Proposition 3.1) Let $`R_g^d\text{IP}^n`$ be an incidence scroll with base $``$ in general position. Suppose that $`\text{IP}^{n_i}\text{IP}^{n_j}=\text{IP}^{n1}`$ and have in common $`\text{IP}^m`$, $`m=n_i+n_jn+1`$. Then the scroll breaks up into:

1. $`R_{g_1}^{d_1}\text{IP}^n`$ with base $`\dot{}=\{\text{IP}^m,\text{IP}^{n_1},\mathrm{},\widehat{\text{IP}^{n_i}},\mathrm{},\widehat{\text{IP}^{n_j}},\mathrm{},\text{IP}^{n_r}\}`$ (which is possibly degenerate);
2. $`R_{g_2}^{d_2}\text{IP}^{n1}`$ with base $`\ddot{}=\{\mathrm{},\text{IP}^{n_{i1}1},\text{IP}^{n_i},\text{IP}^{n_{i+1}1},\mathrm{},\text{IP}^{n_{j1}1},`$ $`\text{IP}^{n_j},\text{IP}^{n_{j+1}1},\mathrm{}\}`$

which have $`\kappa 1`$ generators in common. Then, $`d=d_1+d_2`$ and $`g=g_1+g_2+\kappa 1`$.

Moreover, if $`m=0`$, then the incidence scroll breaks up into a plane and an incidence scroll $`R_g^{d1}\text{IP}^{n1}`$ with base $`\ddot{}`$ in general position.

If $`m=0`$, then shall refer to this particular degeneration as join $`\text{IP}^{n_i}`$ and $`\text{IP}^{n_j}`$ (i.e., $`n_i+n_j=n1`$) and to the inverse as separate $`\text{IP}^{n_i}`$ and $`\text{IP}^{n_j}`$ (i.e., $`n_i+n_j=n`$).

From now on, we will talk about a decomposable incidence scroll if the corresponding ruled surface $`X=\text{IP}()`$ has $``$ decomposable. If $``$ is indecomposable, then we will talk of an indecomposable incidence scroll.

Let $`X=\text{IP}()`$ be a ruled surface over the curve $`C`$ of genus $`g`$, determined by a decomposable normalized bundle $`𝒪_C𝒪_C(\text{e})`$ such that $`deg(\text{e})=e0`$. Let $`HC_o+\text{b}f`$ be the very ample divisor on $`X`$ with $`m=deg(\text{b})`$ which gives the immersion of the ruled surface as the scroll $`R_g^d\text{IP}^n`$ such that $`d=2me`$ and $`n=2(mg)e+1+i`$, being $`i`$ the speciality of the scroll ($`i=h^1(𝒪_C(\text{b}))+h^1(𝒪_C(\text{b}+\text{e}))`$). Geometrically, $`X`$ has two disjoint directrix, denoted by $`C_o`$ and $`C_1`$, such that $`C_1C_o\text{e}f`$. Moreover, it is easy to check that these satisfy $`\varphi _{\text{b}+\text{e}}:C_oC_g^{me}\text{IP}^{meg+i_1}`$ and $`\varphi _\text{b}:C_1C_g^m\text{IP}^{mg+i_2}`$, being $`i_1=h^1(𝒪_C(\text{b}+\text{e}))`$ and $`i_2=h^1(𝒪_C(\text{b}))`$. Therefore $`i=i_1+i_2`$ and $`\text{IP}^{meg+i_1}\text{IP}^{mg+i_2}=\mathrm{}`$.

###### Proposition 1.4

(, Proposition 2.5) If $`R_g^d\text{IP}^n`$ is a decomposable incidence scroll with base in general position, then $`\text{IP}^{meg+i_1}`$ and $`\text{IP}^{mg+i_2}`$ are base spaces.

###### Proposition 1.5

(, Proposition 2.7) Let $`R_g^{2me}\text{IP}^{2(mg)e+1+i}`$ be a decomposable incidence scroll with base in general position.

1. If $`\text{e}\sim ̸0`$, then there are $`(e+2g+h^1(𝒪_C(\text{e})))\text{IP}^{mg+i_2}`$’s in $``$, whenever possible, i.e., when $`mg+i_2+(e+2g+h^1(𝒪_C(\text{e})))(meg+i_1)4(mg)2e+2i1`$ and the generic curve in $`|C_o\text{e}f|`$ is irreducible.
2. If $`\text{e}0`$, then there are $`3\text{IP}^{meg+i_1}`$’s in $``$.

A first classification of scrolls of genus $`0`$ and $`1`$ is given in paper , Theorems 4.2 and 5.1.

###### Theorem 1.6

Let $`X`$ be a ruled surface over the curve $`C`$ of genus $`g=0,1`$. Let $`HC_o+\text{b}f`$ be a very ample divisor on $`X`$ with $`m=deg(\text{b})`$ and let $`\mathrm{\Phi }_H:XR_g^{2me}\text{IP}^{2me2g+1}`$ be the closed immersion defined by $`|H|`$. Then $`R_g^{2me}`$ is an incidence scroll if and only if it satisfies one of the following conditions:

1. $`g=0`$ and $`e=0,1`$;
2. $`g=0`$ and $`m=e+1`$;
3. $`g=1,e=1`$ and $`m=2`$;
4. $`g=1,\text{e}0`$ and $`m=4`$;
5. $`X`$ decomposable, $`\text{e}\sim ̸0,g=1,\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}0}e3`$ and $`m=e+3`$.

###### Proposition 1.7

Let $`X=\text{IP}()`$ be a decomposable ruled surface over the curve $`C`$ of genus $`g`$. Let $`HC_0+\text{b}f`$ be a very ample divisor on $`X`$ which gives the immersion of $`X`$ as the scroll $`R_g^{2me}\text{IP}^{2(mg)e+i+1}`$ such that $`m=deg(\text{b})`$.

1. $`(eg+h^1(𝒪_C(\text{e})))(meg+i_1)=mg+i_21()`$ and $`h^0(𝒪_X(C_o\text{e}f))3R`$ is an incidence scroll with $`=\{\text{IP}^{meg+i_1},(e+2g+h^1(𝒪_C(\text{e})))`$ $`\text{IP}^{mg+i_2}\}`$.
2. $`(eg+h^1(𝒪_C(\text{e})))(meg+i_1)>mg+i_21R`$ is not an incidence scroll.

Proof. $`()`$ is equivalent to $`(e1g+h^1(𝒪_C(\text{e})))(meg+i_1)=e+i_2i_11`$. In particular, $`1h^0(𝒪_X(C_o\text{e}f))e+i_2i_1+2`$.

1. For $`h^0(𝒪_X(C_o\text{e}f))=1`$, we have $`2(mg)e+i=1`$, which contradicts the fact that $`2(mg)e+i2`$.
2. For $`h^0(𝒪_X(C_o\text{e}f))=2`$, we have $`meg+i_1=mg+i_2=1`$. Then the incidence scroll is the smooth quadric surface in $`\text{IP}^3`$ with base $`=\{3\text{IP}^1\}`$.
3. For $`h^0(𝒪_X(C_o\text{e}f))=3`$, i.e., $`i_1e=i_21`$, we have $`=\{\text{IP}^{mg+i_21},`$ $`3\text{IP}^{mg+i_2}\}`$. According to Theorem 1.6, we know that $``$ generates a rational incidence scroll. The proof is completed by showing that if $`()`$ is true for $`g1`$, then $`h^0(𝒪_X(C_o\text{e}f))3`$. To do this, suppose that $`g1`$ and $`h^0(𝒪_X(C_o\text{e}f))=3`$. Under the above conditions, we see that $`e1=gh^1(𝒪_C(\text{e}))`$. Then can assume that $`e1`$, on the contrary ($`e=0`$), we find that $`h^1(𝒪_C(\text{e}))`$ is equal to $`g`$ or $`g1`$, hence that $`e1gh^1(𝒪_C(\text{e}))`$. Since $`e1`$, we take a general point $`P`$ of $`R`$ such that $`P\text{IP}^{mg+i_21}`$ and $`P\text{IP}^{mg+i_2}`$ for some $`\text{IP}^{mg+i_2}`$. The projection of $`R_g^{2me}`$ from $`P`$ is a scroll with at least two directrix curves contain in linear spaces of dimension $`mg+i_21`$. Since $`h^0(𝒪_X(C_o\text{e}f))=3`$, there is a one-dimensional family of directrix curves $`DC_o\text{e}f`$ that contain $`P`$. These curves have the same degree, i.e., $`me=m1`$. More precisely, this means that $`g=0`$ because $`R`$ is a smooth irreducible scroll of degree $`2m1`$ in $`\text{IP}^{2m}`$ (see ; Remark 2.19.2).

For $`g=0`$, we know that $`i_1=i_2=0`$, hence we conclude from $`()`$ that $`e=1`$, and finally that $`R`$ is rational of degree $`2m1`$. It is known that $`R_0^{2m1}\text{IP}^{2m}`$ is incidence with base $`=\{\text{IP}^{m1},3\text{IP}^m\}`$ ().

Next, suppose that $`(eg+h^1(𝒪_C(\text{e})))(meg+i_1)>mg+i_21`$. For a suitable number $`\eta `$ such that $`1<\eta <m_1`$, we have:

$$\begin{array}{c}mg+i_2+\eta (meg+i_1)4(mg)2e+2i1()\hfill \\ mg+i_2+(\eta +1)(meg+i_1)>4(mg)2e+2i1.\hfill \end{array}$$

Analysis similar to that in Proposition 1.5 shows that if $`R`$ is defined by incidence, then there are $`\eta \text{IP}^{mg+i_2}`$’s in the base. Then $`=\{\text{IP}^{mge+i_1},\eta \text{IP}^{mg+i_2},\text{IP}^{n_1},`$ $`\mathrm{},\text{IP}^{n_r}\}`$ in general position with $`mg+i_2+1n_i2(mg)e+i`$ is the base of $`R`$. If $`()`$ is an inequality, then $`n_1=\mathrm{}=n_r=2(mg)e+i`$. Since the scroll has at least one directrix curve $`C_g^m\text{IP}^{mg+i_2}`$ which is linearly independent from the other directrix curves of degree $`m`$, we can take a generic hyperplane $`\text{IP}^{2(mg)e+i}`$ through $`\text{IP}^{mg+i_2}`$. Then there are $`(me)`$ lines in $`\text{IP}^{2(mg)e+i\eta }`$ which meet $`\text{IP}^{n_1\eta 1},\mathrm{},\text{IP}^{n_r\eta 1},\text{IP}^{meg+i_11}`$ and $`\eta \text{IP}^{mg+i_2\eta }`$, which is impossible.

###### Remark 1.8

$`(1.)`$ is still true if we replace $`h^0(𝒪_X(C_o\text{e}f))3`$ by $`g2`$. For $`g=0`$ (i.e., $`i_1=i_2=0`$) and $`e2`$, we obtain $`me=1`$ and $`h^0(𝒪_X(C_o\text{e}f))=e+2`$. Under these conditions, we find $`R_0^{e+2}\text{IP}^{e+3}`$ with $`=\{\text{IP}^1,(e+2)\text{IP}^{e+1}\}`$ (see Theorem 1.6). The case $`e=1`$ has been study in the above proof. For $`g=1`$, $`()`$ is true only for $`e=3`$ and $`n=6`$ (see Theorem 1.6). Finally, for $`g(C)=2`$, is trivial because $`()`$ is impossible for any $`e0`$.

Finally, we will study the inequality $`(eg+h^1(𝒪_C(\text{e})))(meg+i_1)<mg+i_21`$. If $`R`$ is an incidence scroll, then there are an $`\text{IP}^{meg+i_1}`$ and $`(eg+2+h^1(𝒪_C(\text{e})))`$ $`\text{IP}^{mg+i_2}`$’s in $``$. But these spaces are not sufficient, so we must study the following directrix curves of the scroll. These are curves of type $`C_g^s\text{IP}^{sg+i_s}`$ such that $`mg+i_2+1sg+i_s2(mg)e+i`$ which belong to a linear system $`|C_o+(\text{d}\text{e})f|`$ where $`deg(\text{d})=sm`$. We proceed in three steps.

1. If $`sg+i_s<2(mg)e+i1`$, then let $`m_21`$ be the number of directrix curves which are linearly independent on $`|C_o+(\text{d}\text{e})f|`$.

1. $`(eg+h^1(𝒪_C(\text{e})))(meg+i_1)+m_2(2(mg)e+i(sg+i_s))<mg+i_21\{R`$ is an incidence scroll $`\{\text{IP}^{meg+i_1},(e+2g+h^1(𝒪_C(\text{e})))\text{IP}^{mg+i_2},m_2\text{IP}^{sg+i_s}\}\}`$ to be continued.
    2. $`(eg+h^1(𝒪_C(\text{e})))(meg+i_1)+m_2(2(mg)e+i(sg+i_s))=mg+i_21\{R`$ is an incidence scroll $`=\{\text{IP}^{meg+i_1},(e+2g+h^1(𝒪_C(\text{e})))\text{IP}^{mg+i_2},m_2\text{IP}^{sg+i_s}\}\}`$.
    3. $`(eg+h^1(𝒪_C(\text{e})))(meg+i_1)+m_2(2(mg)e+i(sg+i_s))>mg+i_21\{R`$ is an incidence scroll $`(eg+h^1(𝒪_C(\text{e})))(meg+i_1)+2(mg)e+i(sg+i_s)=mg+i_21\}`$ and $`=\{\text{IP}^{meg+i_1},m_1\text{IP}^{mg+i_2},\text{IP}^{sg+i_s}\}`$.
2. $`sg+i_s=2(mg)e+i1\{R`$ is an incidence scroll $`=\{\text{IP}^{meg+i_1},(e+2g+h^1(𝒪_C(\text{e})))\text{IP}^{mg+i_2},\eta \text{IP}^{sg+i_s}\}`$ with $`\eta =mg+i_21(eg+h^1(𝒪_C(\text{e})))(meg+i_1)\}`$.
3. $`sg+i_s=2(mg)e+iR`$ is not an incidence scroll.

## 2 Fundamental Incidence Scroll

We define the fundamental incidence scroll of $`\text{IP}^n`$ to be the incidence scroll with base $`_n=\{(2n3)\text{IP}^{n2}\}`$, i.e., the curve $`C=_{i=1}^{2n3}\mathrm{\Omega }_i(\text{IP}^{n2},\text{IP}^n)G(1,n)`$. Using , p. 364, we deduce that it is a scroll of degree $`\frac{1}{n1}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{2n2}{n}\right)`$ and all the other incidence scrolls are portions of degenerate forms of this. Moreover, we find that the degree of a directrix curve contain in an $`\text{IP}^{n2}`$ is $`3\frac{(2n4)!}{(n3)!n!}`$. We have the quadric surface in $`\text{IP}^3`$, elliptic quintic scroll generates by the lines which meet $`5\text{IP}^2`$ in $`\text{IP}^4`$ and so over.

Let $`G:=G(1,n)`$ be the Grassmannian of lines in a fixed $`\text{IP}^n`$. The fixed $`\text{IP}^n`$ induces a trivial bundle $`𝒪_G^{n+1}`$ on $`G`$ of rank $`n+1`$ and the $`\text{IP}^1`$ subspaces induce an subbundle $`S`$ of $`𝒪_G^{n+1}`$ of rank $`2`$. So on $`G`$ we have the universal exact sequence

$$0S𝒪_G^{n+1}Q0$$

where $`Q`$ is a vector bundle on $`G`$ of rank $`n1`$, called the universal quotient bundle on $`G`$ and $`S`$ is called the universal subbundle on $`G`$. This sequence determines a homomorphism $`S\mathrm{\Omega }_G^1Q`$. By duality, it gives a homomorphism $`T_GS^{}Q`$ which is an isomorphism. It follows easily that

$$0SS^{}𝒪_G^{n+1}S^{}QS^{}0,$$

hence that $`^{n+1}T_G=^{n+1}(𝒪_G(1)^{n+1})=_1^{n+1}𝒪_G(1)=𝒪_G(n+1)`$, and finally that $`𝒪_G(K_G)=𝒪_G(n1)`$, where $`K_G`$ denotes the canonical divisor on $`G`$. Let us apply this to $`C`$ which is the intersection of $`G`$ with $`2n3`$ generic hyperplanes of $`\text{IP}^N`$. By ; II, Exercise 8.4, we obtain $`𝒪_C(K_C)𝒪_C(n4)`$ and hence

$$g_C=\frac{n4}{2n2}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{2n2}{n}\right)1.$$

###### Proposition 2.1

The fundamental incidence scroll of $`\text{IP}^n`$ has degree $`d(n)=\frac{1}{2}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{2n2}{n}\right)`$ and genus $`g(n)=\frac{n4}{2n2}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{2n2}{n}\right)1`$. Moreover, the degree of the minimum directrix curve is $`3\frac{(2n4)!}{(n3)!n!}`$.

If $`n5`$, then we obtain an indecomposable incidence scroll because $`dim`$ $`(\text{IP}^{n2}\text{IP}^{n2})=n4`$. If we take two minimum directrix curves $`C\text{IP}^{n2}`$ and $`\stackrel{~}{C}\text{IP}^{n2}`$, then $`C\stackrel{~}{C}=2(n3)\frac{(2n4)!}{(n2)!n!}=e`$.

###### Proposition 2.2

Let $`R_{g(n,i)}^{d(n,i)}\text{IP}^n`$ be an incidence scroll with base $`(n,i)=\{i\text{IP}^{n3},(2n32i)\text{IP}^{n2}\}`$ in general position. Then:

1. $`d(n,i)=\underset{k=0}{\overset{i}{}}(1)^k\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i}{k}\right)d(nk)`$,
2. $`g(n,i)=\underset{k=0}{\overset{i}{}}(1)^k\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i}{k}\right)g(nk)\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{i1}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{k_1}{}}(1)^{k_2}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k_1}{k_2}\right)d^{}(nk_21,ik_11)`$.

Proof. The proof is by induction on $`i0`$. By the above proposition, $`d(n,0)=d(n)`$ and $`g(n,0)=g(n)`$. Suppose that the incidence scroll with base $`(n,i1)`$ in general position has degree $`d(n,i1)`$ and genus $`g(n,i1)`$. Since $`2n32(i1)>2`$, we can suppose that $`2\text{IP}^{n2}`$’s are contained in a hyperplane, then $`(n,i1)`$ breaks up into $`(n,i)\text{IP}^n`$ and $`(n1,i1)\text{IP}^{n1}`$ with $`d(n1,i1)`$ generators in common. Whence,

1. $`d(n,i)=d(n,i1)d(n1,i1)=\underset{k=0}{\overset{i1}{}}(1)^k\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i1}{k}\right)d(nk)\underset{k=0}{\overset{i1}{}}(1)^k\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i1}{k}\right)d(nk1)=\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{i}{}}(1)^k\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i}{k}\right)d(nk)`$,
2. $`g(n,i)=g(n,i1)g(n1,i1)d(n1,i1)+1=\underset{k=0}{\overset{i}{}}(1)^k\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i}{k}\right)g(nk)\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{i1}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{k_1}{}}(1)^{k_2}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k_1}{k_2}\right)[d(nk_21,ik_11)1].`$

###### Theorem 2.3

Let $`R_{g(n,i_1,\mathrm{},i_s)}^{d(n,i_1,\mathrm{},i_s)}\text{IP}^n`$ be an incidence scroll with base $`(n,i_1,`$ $`\mathrm{},i_s)`$ $`=\{i_s\text{IP}^{ns2},\mathrm{},i_1\text{IP}^{n3},(2n3_{j=1}^s(j+1)i_j)\text{IP}^{n2}\}`$ in general position. Then

1. $`d(n,i_1,\mathrm{},i_s)=\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{i_s}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{i_s+i_{\left(s1\right)}k_1}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_s=0}{\overset{\underset{j=1}{\overset{s}{}}i_jk_{\left(s1\right)}}{}}\left(1\right)^{\underset{j=1}{\overset{s}{}}k_j}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i_s}{k_1}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i_s+i_{\left(s1\right)}k_1}{k_2}\right)\mathrm{}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{\underset{j=1}{\overset{s}{}}i_jk_{\left(s1\right)}}{k_s}\right)d\left(n\underset{j=1}{\overset{s}{}}k_j\right),`$
2. $`g(n,i_1,\mathrm{},i_s)=\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{i_s}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{i_s+i_{\left(s1\right)}k_1}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_s=0}{\overset{\underset{j=1}{\overset{s}{}}i_jk_{\left(s1\right)}}{}}(1)^{\underset{j=1}{\overset{s}{}}k_j}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i_s}{k_1}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i_s+i_{\left(s1\right)}k_1}{k_2}\right)\mathrm{}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{\underset{j=1}{\overset{s}{}}i_jk_{\left(s1\right)}}{k_s}\right)g(n\underset{j=1}{\overset{s}{}}k_j)\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{i_s1}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{k_1}{}}(1)^{k_2}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k_1}{k_2}\right)[d(nk_21,i_1,\mathrm{},i_{\left(s3\right)},i_{\left(s2\right)}+k_2,i_{\left(s1\right)}+1+k_1k_2,i_sk_11)1]\underset{\alpha =3}{\overset{s+1}{}}\left[\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{i_s}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{i_s+i_{\left(s1\right)}k_1}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{\left(\alpha 2\right)}=0}{\overset{\underset{j=s\alpha +3}{\overset{s}{}}i_jk_{\left(\alpha 3\right)}}{}}\underset{k_{\left(\alpha 1\right)}=0}{\overset{\underset{j=s\alpha +2}{\overset{s}{}}i_jk_{\left(\alpha 2\right)}1}{}}\underset{k_\alpha =0}{\overset{k_{\left(\alpha 1\right)}}{}}(1)^{\underset{j\alpha 1}{}k_j}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i_s}{k_1}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i_s+i_{\left(s1\right)}k_1}{k_2}\right)\mathrm{}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{\underset{j=s\alpha +3}{\overset{s}{}}i_jk_{\left(\alpha 3\right)}}{k_{\left(\alpha 2\right)}}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k_{\left(\alpha 1\right)}}{k_\alpha }\right)[d(n1\underset{j\alpha 1}{}k_j,i_1,\mathrm{},i_{\left(s\alpha 1\right)},i_{\left(s\alpha \right)}++k_{\left(\alpha 1\right)},i_{\left(s\alpha +1\right)}+1+k_{\left(\alpha 2\right)}+k_{\left(\alpha 1\right)}k_\alpha ,\underset{j=s\alpha +2}{\overset{s}{}}i_jk_{\left(\alpha 2\right)}k_{\left(\alpha 1\right)}1)1]\right]`$.

Proof. We proceed by induction on $`s1`$. The case $`s=1`$ is Proposition 2.2. If $`s=2`$, we will prove that the incidence scroll with base $`(n,i_1,i_2)\text{IP}^n`$ has

1. $`d(n,i_1,i_2)=\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{i_2}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{i_1+i_2k_1}{}}(1)^{k_1+k_2}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i_2}{k_1}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i_1+i_2k_1}{k_2}\right)d(nk_1k_2)`$,
2. $`g(n,i_1,i_2)=\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{i_2}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{i_1+i_2k_1}{}}(1)^{k_1+k_2}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i_2}{k_1}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i_1+i_2k_1}{k_2}\right)g(nk_1k_2)\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{i_21}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{k_1}{}}(1)^{k_2}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k_1}{k_2}\right)\left[d(nk_21,i_1+1+k_1k_2,i_2k_11)1\right]\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{i_2}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{i_1+i_2k_11}{}}\underset{k_3=0}{\overset{k_2}{}}(1)^{k_1+k_3}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i_2}{k_1}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k_2}{k_3}\right)[d(nk_3k_11,i_1+i_21k_1k_2)1]`$.

To do this, we apply induction on $`i_20`$. It is true for $`i_2=0`$, by Proposition 2.2. Supposing the theorem true for $`i_210`$, we prove it for any $`i_2`$. Since $`(2n32i_13i_2)0`$, $`(2n32i_13(i_21))3`$. Let us suppose for the moment $`i_11`$. Then we can consider that $`\text{IP}^{n3}\text{IP}^{n2}=\text{IP}^{n1}`$, for any $`\text{IP}^{n3},\text{IP}^{n2}(n,i_1,i_21)`$. Then $`(n,i_1,i_21)`$ degenerates into $`(n,i_11,i_2)\text{IP}^n`$ and $`(n1,i_11,i_21)\text{IP}^{n1}`$ with $`d(n1,i_1,i_21)`$ generators in common. Whence, writing $`i_1+1`$ instead $`i_1`$, we find that

1. $`d(n,i_1,i_2)=d(n,i_1+1,i_21)d(n1,i_1,i_21)=\underset{k=0}{\overset{i_2}{}}(1)^k\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i_2}{k}\right)d(nk,i_1+i_2k)`$,
2. $`g(n,i_1,i_2)=g(n,i_1+1,i_21)g(n1,i_1,i_21)d(n1,i_1+1,i_21)+1=\underset{k=0}{\overset{i_2}{}}(1)^k\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i_2}{k}\right)g(nk,i_1+i_2k)\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{i_21}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{k_1}{}}(1)^{k_2}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k_1}{k_2}\right)[d(nk_21,i_1+1+k_1k_2,i_2k_11)1].`$

For $`i_1=0`$, we can suppose that $`2\text{IP}^{n2}`$’s of $`(n,0,i_21)`$ are containing in a hyperplane. Then we obtain $`(n,1,i_21)`$ which verifies the above assumptions.

Assume the theorem holds for $`s12`$. For $`s`$, we use induction on $`i_s0`$. An argument similar to $`s=2`$ shows that the incidence scroll with base $`(n,i_1,\mathrm{},i_s)`$ has

1. $`d(n,i_1,\mathrm{},i_s)=d(n,i_1,\mathrm{},i_{(s1)}+1,i_s1)d(n,i_1,\mathrm{},i_{(s2)}+1,i_{(s1)},i_s1)=\underset{k=0}{\overset{i_s}{}}(1)^k\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i_s}{k}\right)d(nk,i_1,\mathrm{},i_{(s3)},i_{(s2)}+k,i_{(s1)}+i_sk)`$,
2. $`g(n,i_1,\mathrm{},i_s)=g(n,i_1,\mathrm{},i_{(s1)}+1,i_s1)g(n,i_1,\mathrm{},i_{(s2)}+1,i_{(s1)},i_s1)d(n,i_1,\mathrm{},i_{(s1)}+1,i_s1)+1=\underset{k=0}{\overset{i_s}{}}(1)^k\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{i_s}{k}\right)g(nk,i_1,\mathrm{},i_{(s3)},i_{(s2)}+k,i_{(s1)}+i_sk)\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{i_s1}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{k_1}{}}(1)^{k_2}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k_1}{k_2}\right)[d(nk_21,i_1,\mathrm{},i_{(s3)},i_{(s2)}+k_2,i_{(s1)}+1+k_1k_2,i_sk_11)1].`$

###### Remark 2.4

When we talk about $`(n,i_1,\mathrm{},i_s)`$, we must assume that $`i_j0`$ for $`1js`$ and $`2n3_{j=1}^4(j+1)i_j0`$. Let us mention two important consequences and, in particular, the last extends the results of .

###### Corollary 2.5

Let $``$ be defined by $`(n,i_1,\mathrm{},i_{(r2)},0,\mathrm{},0,i_{(nr2)}=1)`$ in general position such that $`2rn2`$. Then $``$ is the base of an incidence scroll of degree $`d(n,i_1,\mathrm{},i_{(r2)},0,\mathrm{},0,i_{(nr2)}=1)`$ and genus $`g(n,i_1,\mathrm{},i_{(r2)},0,\mathrm{},0,i_{(nr2)}=1)`$. Moreover, these are all indecomposable incidence scrolls of $`\text{IP}^n`$.

###### Corollary 2.6

$`_{i_1,\mathrm{},i_{(r1)}}^n:=(n.i_1,\mathrm{},i_{(r1)},0,\mathrm{},0,i_{(nr2)}=1)`$ in general position generates the incidence scroll of degree $`d_{i_1,\mathrm{},i_{(r1)}}^n=d(n,i_1,\mathrm{},`$ $`i_{(r1)},0,`$ $`\mathrm{},0,`$ $`i_{(nr2)}=1)`$ and genus $`g_{i_1,\mathrm{},i_{(r1)}}^n=g(n,i_1,\mathrm{},i_{(r1)},0,\mathrm{},`$ $`0,i_{(nr2)}`$ $`=1)`$. Furthermore, these are all incidence scrolls with base $`\text{IP}^r`$.

## 3 Decomposable Incidence Scrolls

Let $`\pi :X=\text{IP}()C`$ be a geometrically ruled surface over a curve $`C`$ of genus $`g`$ determined by a decomposable normalized bundle $`𝒪_C𝒪_C(\text{e})`$. Let $`HC_o+\text{b}f`$ be a very ample divisor on $`X`$ with $`m=deg(\text{b})`$ which gives the immersion of $`X`$ as the scroll $`R_g^d\text{IP}^n`$. Following the above notation, we will divided the study in two case.

###### Remark 3.1

In the sequel, when $``$ has not meaning, i.e., the lower limit is bigger than the higher limit, we adopt the convention that it is $`0`$. Moreover, we will write $`d(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s),g(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s),(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)`$ and $`\mathrm{\Delta }(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)`$, instead of $`d_e(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s),g_e(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s),_e(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)`$ and $`\mathrm{\Delta }_e(r,h_1,\mathrm{},`$ $`h_s)`$ respectively, when no confusion can arise. Finally, for abbreviation, we will write $`\mathrm{\Delta }^{}(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s):=\mathrm{\Delta }(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)1`$.

### 3.1 Incidence Scrolls with $`\text{e}0`$

Suppose $`\text{e}0`$. If $`R_g^{2m}\text{IP}^{2(mg)+i+1}`$ is an incidence scroll, then there are $`3\text{IP}^{mg+i_1}`$’s in $``$ which impose $`3(mg+i_1)`$ independent conditions on $`G(1,2(mg+i_1)+1)`$. Writing $`r`$ instead of $`(mg+i_1)`$, we may set up a one-to-one correspondence between incidence scrolls $`R\text{IP}^{2r+1}`$ with $`\text{e}0`$ and partitions of $`r1`$, for any $`r1`$. The partition of a positive integer $`r`$ is, by definition, a sequence of weakly decreasing positive integers $`\lambda =(\lambda _1\mathrm{}\lambda _s)`$ such that $`\underset{i=0}{\overset{s}{}}\lambda _i=r`$.

###### Proposition 3.2

The number of incidence scroll $`R\text{IP}^{2r+1}`$ with $`\text{e}0`$ is exactly the number of partitions of $`r1`$.

Proof Let $`\lambda =(\lambda _1\mathrm{}\lambda _s)`$ be a partition of $`r1`$. For each $`\lambda _i,\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}1}is`$, we take a generic $`\text{IP}^{2r\lambda _i}\text{IP}^{2r+1}`$ as base space. Hence every $`\lambda `$ gives rise an incidence scroll of $`\text{IP}^{2r+1}`$ with base $`=\{3\text{IP}^r,\text{IP}^{2r\lambda _1},\mathrm{},\text{IP}^{2r\lambda _s}\}`$ where $`\text{e}0`$. Conversely, to every $`_\lambda =\{3\text{IP}^r,\text{IP}^{n_1},\mathrm{},\text{IP}^{n_s}\}\text{IP}^{2r+1}`$ such that $`r+1n_1`$ there corresponds a partition $`(2rn_1\mathrm{}2rn_s)`$ of $`r1`$.

###### Lemma 3.3

For each partition $`(rh_1h_1h_2\mathrm{}h_{(s1)}h_s1,\stackrel{(h_s1)}{\mathrm{}},1)`$ of $`r1`$, we define $`\mathrm{\Delta }_{\text{e}0}(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s):=\sigma (r)^3\sigma (r+h_11)\sigma (2rh_1+h_2)\mathrm{}\sigma (2rh_{(s1)}+h_s)\sigma (2r1)^{(h_s1)}`$ an intersection of Schubert cycles in $`\text{IP}^{2r+1}`$. Then:

1. $`\mathrm{\Delta }_{\text{e}0}(r,h)=\underset{k=0}{\overset{h1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h1}{k}\right)(r2k+1)`$;
2. $`\mathrm{\Delta }_{\text{e}0}(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)=\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{h_s1}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{h_{(s1)}h_s}{}}\underset{k_3=0}{\overset{h_{(s2)}h_s2k_2}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{(s1)}=0}{\overset{h_2h_s2\underset{i=2}{\overset{s2}{}}k_i}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h_s1}{k_1}\right)(h_1h_s+12\underset{j=2}{\overset{s1}{}}k_j)(r2k_1h_1+h_s+1)`$, for $`s2.`$

Proof. $`1.`$ For $`s=1`$, we apply induction on $`h1`$. Then $`\mathrm{\Delta }(r,1)=r+1`$ because it is the degree of a directrix curve, which is containing in an $`\text{IP}^{r+1}`$, of the incidence scroll $`R_0^{2r}\text{IP}^{2r+1}`$. Suppose that the lemma is true for $`h11`$, we prove it for any $`h`$. From Pieri’s formula, we have

$$\mathrm{\Delta }(r,h)=\mathrm{\Delta }(r,h1)+\mathrm{\Delta }(r2,h1)=\underset{k=0}{\overset{h1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h1}{k}\right)\mathrm{\Delta }(r2k,1).$$

The proof of the last equality is by induction on $`h1`$, using the fact that $`\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h1}{k}\right)=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h2}{k}\right)+\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h2}{k1}\right)`$.

$`2.`$ Suppose $`s=2`$. We will see in Theorem 3.5 that $`\mathrm{\Delta }(r,h_1,1)=h_1(rh_1+2)`$ because the incidence scroll which corresponds to the partition $`(rh_1,h_11)`$ is a nonspecial scroll of degree $`2h_1(rh_1+1)`$ and genus $`(rh_1)(h_11)`$. In general, using Pieri’s formula, $`\mathrm{\Delta }(r,h_1,h_2)=\mathrm{\Delta }(r,h_11,h_21)+\mathrm{\Delta }(r2,h_11,h_21)=\underset{k=0}{\overset{h_21}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h_21}{k}\right)\mathrm{\Delta }(r2k,h_1h_2+1,1)=\underset{k=0}{\overset{h_21}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h_21}{k}\right)\left(h_1h_2+1\right)\left(r2kh_1+h_2+1\right).`$

Assume the formula holds for $`s11`$; we will prove it for $`s`$. We have divided the proof into $`2`$ steps.

1. For $`h_s=1`$, according to Pieri’s formula, $`\mathrm{\Delta }(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s1\right)},1)=\underset{k=0}{\overset{h_{\left(s1\right)}1}{}}\sigma (r2k)^3\sigma (r+h_14k1)\sigma (2rh_1+h_24k)\mathrm{}\sigma (2rh_{\left(s3\right)}+h_{\left(s2\right)}4k)\sigma (2rh_{\left(s2\right)}2k+1))_{|_{2r4k+1}}`$ $`=\underset{k=0}{\overset{h_{(s1)}1}{}}\mathrm{\Delta }(r2k,h_12k,\mathrm{},h_{(s2)}2k,1)\underset{\text{induction on}s1}{=}\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{h_{(s1)}1}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{h_{(s2)}12k_1}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{(s2)}=0}{\overset{h_212\underset{j=1}{\overset{s3}{}}k_j}{}}(h_12\underset{j=1}{\overset{s2}{}}k_j)(rh_1+2)`$. The notation $`_{|_k}`$ means that the intersection is in $`\text{IP}^k`$ instead of $`\text{IP}^{2r+1}`$.
2. For $`h_s2`$, $`\mathrm{\Delta }(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)=\mathrm{\Delta }(r,h_11,\mathrm{},h_s1)+\mathrm{\Delta }(r2,h_11,\mathrm{},h_s1)`$. Then, for any $`h_s1`$, $`\mathrm{\Delta }(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)=\underset{k=0}{\overset{h_s1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h_s1}{k}\right)\mathrm{\Delta }(r2k,h_1h_s+1,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s1\right)}h_s+1,1)`$.

###### Proposition 3.4

Each partition $`(rh,1^{(h1)}):=(rh,1,\stackrel{(h1)}{\mathrm{}},1)`$ of $`r1`$ gives rise to an incidence scroll $`R_{g_{\text{e}0}(r,h)}^{d_{\text{e}0}(r,h)}\text{IP}^{2r+1}`$ with base $`_{\text{e}0}(r,h)=\{3\text{IP}^r,\text{IP}^{r+h},(h1)\text{IP}^{2r1}\}`$ in general position, such that

* $`d_{\text{e}0}(r,h)=2\underset{k=0}{\overset{h1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h1}{k}\right)(r2k),`$
* $`g_{\text{e}0}(r,h)=\underset{k_1=2}{\overset{h}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{hk_1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{hk_1}{k_2}\right)\mathrm{\Delta }_{\text{e}0}^{}(r2k_22,k_11).`$

Proof. From Theorem 1.6, it follows that $`d(r,1)=2r`$ and $`g(r,1)=0`$. Suppose now that $`h>1`$. If, in $`(r,h)`$, $`\text{IP}^{r+h}\text{IP}^{2r1}=\text{IP}^{2r}`$, then $`R`$ breaks up into $`R_{g(r2,h1)}^{d(r2,h1)}\text{IP}^{2r3}`$ with $`(r2,h1)=\{3\text{IP}^{r2},\text{IP}^{r+h3},(h2)\text{IP}^{2r5}\}`$ and $`R_{g(r,h1)}^{d(r,h1)}\text{IP}^{2r+1}`$ with $`(r,h1)=\{3\text{IP}^r,\text{IP}^{r+h1},(h2)\text{IP}^{2r1}\}`$, and $`\mathrm{\Delta }(r2,h1)`$ generators in common. Whence, by induction on $`h1`$,

1. $`d(r,h)=d(r2,h1)+d(r,h1)=\underset{k=0}{\overset{h1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h1}{k}\right)d(r2k,1),`$
2. $`g(r,h)=g(r2,h1)+g(r,h1)+\mathrm{\Delta }^{}(r2,h1)=\underset{k_1=2}{\overset{h}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{hk_1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{hk_1}{k_2}\right)\mathrm{\Delta }^{}(r2k_22,k_11)`$.

###### Theorem 3.5

For $`s2`$, each partition $`(rh_1,h_1h_2,\mathrm{},h_{(s1)}h_s,1^{(h_s1)})`$ of $`r1`$ gives rise to $`R_{g_{\text{e}0}(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)}^{d_{\text{e}0}(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)}\text{IP}^{2r+1}`$ with $`_{\text{e}0}(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)=\{3\text{IP}^r,\text{IP}^{r+h_1},\text{IP}^{2rh_1+h_2},\mathrm{},\text{IP}^{2rh_{(s1)}+h_s},(h_s1)\text{IP}^{2r1}\}`$ in general position, such that

* $`d_{\text{e}0}(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)=2\left(h_1h_2+1\right)\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{h_s1}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{h_{\left(s1\right)}h_s}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{\left(s1\right)}=0}{\overset{h_2h_3}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h_s1}{k_1}\right)\left(rh_1+h_22\underset{i=1}{\overset{s1}{}}k_i\right)`$,
* $`g_{\text{e}0}(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)=\left(h_1h_2\right)\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{h_s1}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{h_{\left(s1\right)}h_s}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{\left(s1\right)}=0}{\overset{h_2h_3}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h_s1}{k_1}\right)\left(rh_1+h_212\underset{i=1}{\overset{s1}{}}k_i\right)+\underset{k_1=2}{\overset{h_s}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{h_sk_1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h_sk_1}{k_2}\right)\mathrm{\Delta }_{\text{e}0}^{}(r2k_22,h_1h_s+k_11,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s1\right)}h_s+k_11,k_11)+\underset{\alpha =2}{\overset{s1}{}}\left[\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{h_s1}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{h_{\left(s1\right)}h_s}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{\left(s\alpha \right)}=0}{\overset{h_{\left(\alpha +1\right)}h_{\left(\alpha +2\right)}}{}}\underset{k_{\left(s\alpha +1\right)}=0}{\overset{h_\alpha h_{\left(\alpha +1\right)}1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h_s1}{k_1}\right)\mathrm{\Delta }_{\text{e}0}^{}(r22\underset{i=1}{\overset{s\alpha +1}{}}k_i,h_1h_\alpha +1,\mathrm{},h_{\left(\alpha 1\right)}h_\alpha +1,1)\right].`$

Proof. Suppose $`h_s=1`$. We first compute $`s=2`$. Therefore, $`d(r,2,1)=4r4`$ and $`g(r,2,1)=r2`$, by , Example 3.3. By induction on $`h_11`$, we have

* $`d(r,h,1)=d(r,1)+d(r2,h1,1)=2r+2\left(h1\right)\left(rh\right)=2h\left(rh+1\right);`$
* $`g(r,h,1)=g(r,1)+g(r2,h1,1)+r2=\left(r1h\right)\left(h2\right)+\left(r2\right)=\left(rh\right)\left(h1\right).`$

Assuming theorem to hold for $`s1`$, we will prove it for $`s`$. To this end, we suppose that, in $`(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_{(s1)},1)`$, $`\text{IP}^{r+h_1}\text{IP}^{2rh_{(s1)}+1}=\text{IP}^{2r}`$. Then we obtain $`(r,h_1h_{(s1)}+1,\mathrm{},h_{(s2)}h_{(s1)}+1,1)\text{IP}^{2r+1}`$ and $`(r2,h_11,\mathrm{},h_{(s1)}1,1)\text{IP}^{2r3}`$ with $`\mathrm{\Delta }(r2,h_1h_{(s1)}+1,\mathrm{},h_{(s2)}h_{(s1)}+1,1)`$ generators in common. In particular, using that $`(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_{(s2)},1,1)=(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_{(s2)},1)`$, we deduce that

* $`d(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s1\right)},1)=d(r,h_1h_{\left(s1\right)}+1,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s2\right)}h_{\left(s1\right)}+1,1)+d(r2,h_11,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s1\right)}1,1)=\underset{k=0}{\overset{h_{\left(s1\right)}1}{}}d(r2k,h_1h_{\left(s1\right)}+1,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s2\right)}h_{\left(s1\right)}+1,1)=2\left(h_1h_2+1\right)\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{h_{\left(s1\right)}1}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{h_{\left(s2\right)}h_{\left(s1\right)}}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{\left(s2\right)}=0}{\overset{h_2h_3}{}}\left(rh_1+h_22\underset{i=1}{\overset{s2}{}}k_i\right),`$
* $`g(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s1\right)},1)=g(r,h_1h_{\left(s1\right)}+1,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s2\right)}h_{\left(s1\right)}+1,1)+g(r2,h_11,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s1\right)}1,1)+\mathrm{\Delta }^{}(r2,h_1h_{\left(s1\right)}+1,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s2\right)}h_{\left(s1\right)}+1,1)=\underset{k=0}{\overset{h_{\left(s1\right)}1}{}}g(r2k,h_1h_{\left(s1\right)}+1,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s2\right)}h_{\left(s1\right)}+1,1)+\underset{k=0}{\overset{h_{\left(s1\right)}2}{}}\mathrm{\Delta }^{}(r2\left(k+1\right),h_1h_{\left(s1\right)}+1,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s2\right)}h_{\left(s1\right)}+1,1).`$

Finally, we take $`h_s2`$. In $`(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)`$, we set that $`\text{IP}^{r+h_1}\text{IP}^{2r1}=\text{IP}^{2r}`$. Then $`(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)`$ breaks up into $`(r,h_11,\mathrm{},h_s1)\text{IP}^{2r+1}`$ and $`(r2,h_11,\mathrm{},h_s1)\text{IP}^{2r3}`$ with $`\mathrm{\Delta }(r2,h_11,\mathrm{},h_s1)`$ generators in common. By induction on $`h_s1`$, we conclude that

* $`d(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)=\underset{k=0}{\overset{h_s1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h_s1}{k}\right)d(r2k,h_1h_s+1,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s1\right)}h_s+1,1),`$
* $`g(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)=\underset{k=0}{\overset{h_s1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h_s1}{k}\right)g(r2k,h_1h_s+1,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s1\right)}h_s+1,1)+\underset{k_1=2}{\overset{h_s}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{h_sk_1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h_sk_1}{k_2}\right)\mathrm{\Delta }^{}(r2\left(k_2+1\right),h_1h_s+k_11,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s1\right)}h_s+k_11,k_11).`$

### 3.2 Incidence Scrolls with $`\text{e}\sim ̸0`$

We can continue with a similar method for provide all the incidence scrolls which have $`\text{e}\sim ̸0`$ but $`deg(\text{e})=0`$. Writing $`r`$ instead of $`mg+i_1`$, there is a one-to-one correspondence between incidence scrolls in $`\text{IP}^{2r+1}`$ with base $`=\{2\text{IP}^r,\text{IP}^{n_1},\mathrm{},\text{IP}^{n_s}\}`$ such that $`r<n_1`$ and partitions of $`2r1`$ such that $`\lambda _1r1`$.

###### Lemma 3.6

Let $`\{h_1,\mathrm{},h_s\}`$ be a finite number of positive integers such that $`1h_1r,\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}1}h_2r+h_1,\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}1}h_ih_{(i1)}1`$ for $`3is`$ and $`h_s+_{i=3}^s(h_{(i1)}h_i)=h_2`$. Suppose $`\mathrm{\Delta }_{\text{e}\sim ̸0}(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s):=`$

$$\{\begin{array}{cc}\sigma (r)^2\sigma (r+h_11)\sigma (2r1)^{(r+h_11)},\hfill & s=1\hfill \\ \sigma (r)^2\sigma (r+h_11)\sigma (rh_1+h_2)\sigma (2rh_2+h_3)\mathrm{}\hfill & \\ \sigma (2rh_{(s1)}+h_s)\sigma (2r1)^{(h_s1)},\hfill & s2\hfill \end{array}$$

an intersection of Schubert cycles in $`\text{IP}^{2r+1}`$. Then:

1. $`\mathrm{\Delta }_{\text{e}\sim ̸0}(r,h)==\{\begin{array}{cc}d_{\text{e}0}(r,r1),\hfill & h=1\hfill \\ \underset{k_1=h1}{\overset{r}{}}\underset{k_2=h2}{\overset{k_1}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{(h1)}=1}{\overset{k_{(h2)}}{}}d_{\text{e}0}(k_{(h1)},k_{(h1)}1),\hfill & h>1\hfill \end{array}`$
2. $`\mathrm{\Delta }_{\text{e}\sim ̸0}(r,h_1,h_2)=\underset{k=0}{\overset{h_21}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h_21}{k}\right)(rh_1+h_2+12k);`$
3. $`\mathrm{\Delta }_{\text{e}0}(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)=\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{h_s1}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{h_{(s1)}h_s}{}}\underset{k_3=0}{\overset{h_{(s2)}h_s2k_2}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{(s1)}=0}{\overset{h_2h_s2\underset{i=2}{\overset{s2}{}}k_i}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h_s1}{k_1}\right)(rh_1+h_s+12k_1),\text{ for}s3.`$

Proof. We only give the main ideas of the proof because it is similar to that of Lemma 3.3.

1. $`\mathrm{\Delta }(r,1)=d_{\text{e}0}(r,r1)`$ and $`\mathrm{\Delta }(r,h)=\mathrm{\Delta }(r1,h)+\mathrm{\Delta }(r,h1)=\underset{k=h1}{\overset{r}{}}\mathrm{\Delta }(k,h1)`$ (use the fact that $`\mathrm{\Delta }(r,r+1)=\mathrm{\Delta }(r,r)`$).
2. For $`s=2`$, we have $`\mathrm{\Delta }(r,h_1,1)=\sigma \left(rh_1+1\right)_{_{|2(rh_1+1)+1}}^4=rh_1+2`$ and $`\mathrm{\Delta }(r,h_1,h_2)=\mathrm{\Delta }(r,h_11,h_21)+\mathrm{\Delta }(r1,h_1,h_21)=\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{h_21}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h_21}{k}\right)\mathrm{\Delta }(rk,h_1h_2+1+k,1)`$.
3. When $`s3`$ and $`h_s=1`$, we obtain $`\mathrm{\Delta }(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s1\right)},1)\underset{\text{Pieri’s formula}}{=}\underset{k=0}{\overset{h_{\left(s1\right)}1}{}}\sigma (rk)^2\sigma (r+h_112k)\sigma (rh_1+h_22k)\sigma (2rh_2+h_32k)\mathrm{}\sigma (2rh_{\left(s3\right)}+h_{\left(s2\right)}2k)_{|_{2\left(rk\right)+1}}=\underset{k=0}{\overset{h_{\left(s1\right)}1}{}}\mathrm{\Delta }(rk,h_1k,h_22k,\mathrm{},`$ $`h_{(s2)}2k,1)=_{k_1=0}^{h_{(s1)}1}_{k_2=0}^{h_{(s2)}12k_1}\mathrm{}_{k_{(s2)}=0}^{h_212\underset{i=1}{\overset{s3}{}}k_i}(rh_1+2).`$

Finally, when $`h_s1`$, Pieri’s formula makes it obvious that $`\mathrm{\Delta }(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)`$ $`=\underset{k=0}{\overset{h_s1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h_s1}{k}\right)\mathrm{\Delta }(rk,h_1h_s+1+k,h_2h_s+1,\mathrm{},h_{(s1)}h_s+1,1).`$

###### Proposition 3.7

Each partition $`(rh,1^{(r+h1)})`$ of $`2r1`$ such that $`h1`$ gives rise to $`R_{g_{\text{e}\sim ̸0}(r,h)}^{d_{\text{e}\sim ̸0}(r,h)}\text{IP}^{2r+1}`$ with base $`_{\text{e}\sim ̸0}(r,h)=\{2\text{IP}^r,`$ $`\text{IP}^{r+h},(r+h1)\text{IP}^{2r1}\}`$ in general position, where:

* $`d_{\text{e}\sim ̸0}(r,h)=\underset{k_1=h}{\overset{r}{}}\underset{k_2=h1}{\overset{k_1}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{(h1)}=2}{\overset{k_{(h2)}}{}}\underset{k_h=1}{\overset{k_{(h1)}}{}}d_{\text{e}0}(k_h,k_h1)`$,
* $`g_{\text{e}\sim ̸0}(r,h)=\underset{k_1=h}{\overset{r}{}}\underset{k_2=h1}{\overset{k_1}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{(h1)}=2}{\overset{k_{(h2)}}{}}\underset{k_h=1}{\overset{k_{(h1)}}{}}g_{\text{e}0}(k_h,k_h1)+\underset{\alpha =2}{\overset{h}{}}\left[\underset{k_1=h}{\overset{r}{}}\underset{k_2=h1}{\overset{k_1}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{(\alpha 1)}=h\alpha +2}{\overset{k_{(\alpha 2)}}{}}\underset{k_\alpha =h\alpha +1}{\overset{k_{(\alpha 1)}1}{}}\mathrm{\Delta }_{\text{e}\sim ̸0}^{}(k_\alpha ,h\alpha +1)\right]+\underset{k=h}{\overset{r1}{}}\mathrm{\Delta }_{\text{e}\sim ̸0}^{}(k,h)`$.

Proof. We proceed by induction on $`h1`$. For $`h=1`$, suppose that, in $`(r,1)`$, $`\text{IP}^{r+1}\text{IP}^{2r1}=\text{IP}^{2r}`$. Then $`(r,1)`$ degenerates into $`_{\text{e}0}(r,r1)\text{IP}^{2r+1}`$ and $`_{\text{e}\sim ̸0}(r1,1)\text{IP}^{2r1}`$ with $`\mathrm{\Delta }_{\text{e}\sim ̸0}(r1,1)`$ generators in common. Whence, by induction on $`r2`$, we find:

* $`d(2,1)=d(2,2)=d_{\text{e}0}(2,1)+d_{\text{e}0}(1,0)`$ and $`d(r,1)=d_{\text{e}0}(r,r1)+d(r1,1)=\underset{k=1}{\overset{r}{}}d_{\text{e}0}(k,k1),`$
* $`g(2,1)=g_{\text{e}0}(2,1)+g_{\text{e}0}(1,0)+\mathrm{\Delta }^{}(1,1)`$ and $`g(r,1)=g_{\text{e}0}(r,r1)+g(r1,1)+\mathrm{\Delta }^{}(r1,1)=\underset{k=1}{\overset{r}{}}g_{\text{e}0}(k,k1)+\underset{k=1}{\overset{r1}{}}\mathrm{\Delta }^{}(k,1).`$

Assume the formulas hold for $`h1`$; we will prove them for $`h>1`$. If $`\text{IP}^{r+h}\text{IP}^{2r1}=\text{IP}^{2r}`$, then $`(r,h)`$ breaks up into $`(r,h1)\text{IP}^{2r+1}`$ and $`(r1,h)\text{IP}^{2r1}`$ with $`\mathrm{\Delta }_{\text{e}\sim ̸0}(r1,h)`$ generators in common. Therefore,

* $`d(r,h)=d(r,h1)+d(r1,h)=\underset{k=h}{\overset{r}{}}d(k,h1),`$
* $`g(r,h)=g(r,h1)+g(r1,h)+\mathrm{\Delta }^{}(r1,h)=\underset{k=h}{\overset{r}{}}g(k,h1)+\underset{k=h}{\overset{r1}{}}\mathrm{\Delta }^{}(k,h).`$

By induction on $`rh`$, since $`(r,r)=(r,r1)`$, the last equalities are obvious. Combining the two results, we can rewrite:

* $`d(r,h)=\underset{k_1=h}{\overset{r}{}}\underset{k_2=h1}{\overset{k_1}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{(h1)}=2}{\overset{k_{(h2)}}{}}d(k_{(h1)},1)`$,
* $`g(r,h)=\underset{k_1=h}{\overset{r}{}}\underset{k_2=h1}{\overset{k_1}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{(h1)}=2}{\overset{k_{(h2)}}{}}g(k_{(h1)},1)+\underset{k=h}{\overset{r1}{}}\mathrm{\Delta }^{}(k,h)+\underset{\alpha =2}{\overset{h1}{}}\left[\underset{k_1=h}{\overset{r}{}}\underset{k_2=h1}{\overset{k_1}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{(\alpha 1)}=h\alpha +2}{\overset{k_{(\alpha 2)}}{}}\underset{k_\alpha =h\alpha +1}{\overset{k_{(\alpha 1)}1}{}}\mathrm{\Delta }^{}(k_\alpha ,h\alpha +1)\right].`$

###### Theorem 3.8

For $`s2`$, each partition $`(rh_1,r+h_1h_2,h_2h_3\mathrm{},h_{(s1)}h_s,1^{(h_s1)})`$ of $`2r1`$ such that $`h_11`$ gives rise to the scroll $`R_{g_{\text{e}\sim ̸0}(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)}^{d_{\text{e}\sim ̸0}(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)}`$ $`\text{IP}^{2r+1}`$ with base $`_{\text{e}\sim ̸0}(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)=\{2\text{IP}^r,\text{IP}^{r+h_1},\text{IP}^{rh_1+h_2},`$ $`\text{IP}^{2rh_2+h_3},`$ $`\mathrm{},\text{IP}^{2rh_{(s1)}+h_s},(h_s1)\text{IP}^{2r1}\}`$ in general position, where

* $`d_{\text{e}\sim ̸0}(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)=2\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{h_s1}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{h_{\left(s1\right)}h_s}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{\left(s1\right)}=0}{\overset{h_2h_3}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h_s1}{k_1}\right)\left(rh_1+h_22\underset{i=1}{\overset{s1}{}}k_i\right),`$
* $`g_{\text{e}\sim ̸0}(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)=\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{s2}{}}\left[\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{h_s1}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{h_{\left(s1\right)}h_s}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_\alpha =0}{\overset{h_{\left(s\alpha +1\right)}h_{\left(s\alpha +2\right)}}{}}\underset{k_{\left(\alpha +1\right)}=0}{\overset{h_{\left(s\alpha \right)}h_{\left(s\alpha +1\right)}1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h_s1}{k_1}\right)\delta ^{}(r1\underset{i=1}{\overset{\alpha +1}{}}k_i,h_1h_{\left(s\alpha \right)}+1+\underset{i=1}{\overset{\alpha +1}{}}k_i,h_2h_{\left(s\alpha \right)}+1,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s\alpha 1\right)}h_{\left(s\alpha \right)}+1,1)\right]+\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{h_s2}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{k_1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k_1}{k_2}\right)\mathrm{\Delta }_{\text{e}\sim ̸0}^{}(rk_21,h_1k_1+k_2,h_21k_1,\mathrm{},h_s1k_1);`$

and, for $`s3`$, $`\delta (r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_{s2},1)=\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{h_{\left(s2\right)}1}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{h_{\left(s3\right)}12k_1}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{\left(s3\right)}=0}{\overset{h_212\underset{i=1}{\overset{s4}{}}k_i}{}}\left(rh_1+1\right)=\delta ^{}(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_{s2},1)+1`$.

Proof. First, we will compute the case $`s=2`$. For $`h_2=1`$, we obtain $`(r,h_1,1)=\{3\text{IP}^{rh_1+1},\text{IP}^{rh_1+2}\}`$, hence $`d(r,h_1,1)=2(r+h_1+1)`$ and $`g(r,h_1,1)=0`$. For $`s3`$ and $`h_s=1`$, we can suppose that $`\text{IP}^{r+h_1}\text{IP}^{2rh_{(s1)}+1}`$ $`=\text{IP}^{r+h_1h_{(s1)}+1}`$. Then the scroll degenerates into

1. $`(r,h_1h_{(s1)}+1,\mathrm{},h_{(s2)}h_{(s1)}+1,1)\text{IP}^{2r+1}`$,
2. $`(r1,h_1,h_21,\mathrm{},h_{(s1)}1,1)\text{IP}^{2r1}`$, with $`\sigma (r1)^2\sigma (r+h_1h_{(s1)})\sigma (rh_1+h_22)\sigma (2rh_2+h_32)\mathrm{}\sigma (2rh_{(s2)}+h_{(s1)}2)_{|_{2r1}}`$ generators in common.

We set $`\delta (r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_{(s2)},1):=\sigma (r)^2\sigma (r+h_1)\sigma (rh_1+h_21)\sigma (2rh_2+h_3)\mathrm{}\sigma (2rh_{(s3)}+h_{(s2)})\sigma (2rh_{(s2)}+1)_{|_{2r+1}}`$. From Pieri’s formula,

$$\delta (r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_{(s2)},1)=\underset{k=0}{\overset{h_{(s2)}1}{}}\delta (rk,h_1k,h_22k,\mathrm{},h_{(s3)}2k,1)$$

Our assertion follows by induction on $`s`$ because it is clear that $`\delta (r,h_1,1)=rh_1+1`$. Then

* $`d(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s1\right)},1)=\underset{k=0}{\overset{h_{\left(s1\right)}1}{}}d(rk,h_1h_{\left(s1\right)}+1+k,h_2h_{\left(s1\right)}+1,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s2\right)}h_{\left(s1\right)}+1,1)`$,
* $`g(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s1\right)},1)=\underset{k=0}{\overset{h_{\left(s1\right)}1}{}}g(rk,h_1h_{\left(s1\right)}+1+k,h_2h_{\left(s1\right)}+1,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s2\right)}h_{\left(s1\right)}+1,1)+\underset{k=0}{\overset{h_{\left(s1\right)}2}{}}\delta ^{}(rk1,h_1h_{\left(s1\right)}+1+k,h_2h_{\left(s1\right)}+1,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s2\right)}h_{\left(s1\right)}+1,1).`$

By induction on $`s2`$, we obtain:

* $`d(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s1\right)},1)=2\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{h_{\left(s1\right)}1}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{h_{\left(s2\right)}h_{\left(s1\right)}}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{\left(s2\right)}=0}{\overset{h_2h_3}{}}\left(rh_1+h_22\underset{i=1}{\overset{s2}{}}k_i\right),`$
* $`g(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s1\right)},1)=\underset{k=0}{\overset{h_{\left(s1\right)}2}{}}\delta ^{}(rk1,h_1h_{\left(s1\right)}+1+k,h_2h_{\left(s1\right)}+1,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s2\right)}h_{\left(s1\right)}+1,1)+\underset{\alpha =2}{\overset{s2}{}}\left[\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{h_{\left(s1\right)}1}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{h_{\left(s2\right)}h_{\left(s1\right)}}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{\left(\alpha 1\right)}=0}{\overset{h_{\left(s\alpha +1\right)}h_{\left(s\alpha +2\right)}}{}}\underset{k_\alpha =0}{\overset{h_{\left(s\alpha \right)}h_{\left(s\alpha +1\right)}1}{}}\delta ^{}(r1\underset{i=1}{\overset{\alpha }{}}k_i,h_1h_{\left(s\alpha \right)}+1+\underset{i=1}{\overset{\alpha }{}}k_i,h_2h_{\left(s\alpha \right)}+1,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s\alpha 1\right)}h_{\left(s\alpha \right)}+1,1)\right].`$

Finally, take $`h_s2`$. In $`(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)`$, suppose that $`\text{IP}^{r+h_1}\text{IP}^{2r1}=\text{IP}^{r+h_11}`$. Then the scroll degenerates into $`(r,h_11,\mathrm{},h_s1)\text{IP}^{2r+1}`$ and $`(r1,h_1,h_21,\mathrm{},h_s1)\text{IP}^{2r1}`$ with $`\mathrm{\Delta }_{\text{e}\sim ̸0}(r1,h_1,h_21,\mathrm{},h_s1)`$ generators in common. For this,

* $`d(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)=\underset{k=0}{\overset{h_s1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h_s1}{k}\right)d(rk,h_1h_s+1+k,h_2h_s+1,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s1\right)}h_s+1,1)`$,
* $`g(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)=\underset{k=0}{\overset{h_s1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h_s1}{k}\right)g(rk,h_1h_s+1+k,h_2h_s+1,\mathrm{},h_{\left(s1\right)}h_s+1,1)+\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{h_s2}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{k_1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k_1}{k_2}\right)\mathrm{\Delta }_{\text{e}\sim ̸0}^{}(rk_21,h_1k_1+k_2,h_21k_1,\mathrm{},h_s1k_1)`$.

In case $`s=2`$, if $`(rh_1,r+h_1h_2,1^{(h_21)})`$ is a partition of $`2r1`$, then it is required that $`2h_1h_2`$. But the above formulas are true for all positive integers $`h_1,h_2`$. This is possible because $`(r,h_1,h_2)`$ is base of an incidence scroll although $`(rh_1,r+h_1h_2,1^{(h_21)})`$ is not a partition.

In the general case , all incidence scroll with $`\text{e}\sim ̸0`$ is one $`R_g^d\text{IP}^{2re+1+j}`$ with $`\{\text{IP}^{re},\text{IP}^{r+j}\}`$ ($`r:=mg+i_1`$ and $`j:=i_2i_1`$). Moreover, there are a one-to-one correspondence between partitions of $`2r+e+j+1`$ such that $`\lambda _1re`$ and bases of such scrolls.

###### Lemma 3.9

Let $`\{h_1,\mathrm{},h_s\}`$ be a finite number of positive integers such that $`0h_1re1,\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}1}h_2r+j+h_1,\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}1}h_ih_{(i1)}1`$ for $`3is`$ and $`h_s+_{i=3}^s(h_{(i1)}h_i)=h_2`$. Define $`\mathrm{\Delta }_{e1}(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s):=`$

$$\{\begin{array}{cc}\sigma (re)\sigma (r+j)\sigma (r+j+h_11)\sigma (2re+j1)^{(r+j+h_11)},\hfill & s=1\hfill \\ \sigma (re)\sigma (r+j)\sigma (r+j+h_11)\sigma (reh_1+h_2)\hfill & \\ \sigma (2re+jh_2+h_3)\mathrm{}\sigma (2re+jh_{(s1)}+h_s)\hfill & \\ \sigma (2re+j1)^{(h_s1)},\hfill & s2\hfill \end{array}$$

an intersection of Schubert cycles in $`\text{IP}^{2re+j+1}`$. Then:

1. $`\mathrm{\Delta }_{e1}(r,h)=\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{reh+1}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{reh+2k_1}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_h=0}{\overset{re\underset{j=1}{\overset{h1}{}}k_j}{}}d_{e1}(r\underset{j=1}{\overset{h}{}}k_j,0)_{(j1)};`$
2. $`\mathrm{\Delta }_{e1}(r,h_1,1)=\{\begin{array}{cc}re+1\hfill & \text{if }h_1=0\hfill \\ reh_1+2\hfill & \text{if }h_1>0\hfill \end{array};`$
3. $`\mathrm{\Delta }_{e1}(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)=\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{h_s1}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{h_{(s1)}h_s}{}}\underset{k_3=0}{\overset{h_{(s2)}h_s2k_2}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{(s1)}=0}{\overset{h_2h_s2\underset{j=2}{\overset{s2}{}}k_j}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h_s1}{k_1}\right)\mathrm{\Delta }_{e1}(r\underset{j=2}{\overset{s1}{}}k_j,h_1h_s+1+k_1\underset{j=2}{\overset{s1}{}}k_j,1),s3.`$

The number $`d_{e1}(r,0)_j`$ will be computed in Proposition 3.10.

Proof. If $`s=1`$, then $`\mathrm{\Delta }(r,0)=\sigma \left(re\right)\sigma \left(r+j1\right)^2\sigma \left(2re+j2\right)_{|_{2re+j}}^{r+j1}=d_{e1}(r,0)_{j1}`$ (see Proposition 3.10). In general ($`h1`$), apply Pieri’s formula to $`\sigma (r+j+h1)`$ and any $`\sigma (2re+j1)`$. Then, by induction on $`re+h+1`$,

$$\mathrm{\Delta }(r,h)=\mathrm{\Delta }(r1,h)+\mathrm{\Delta }(r,h1)=\underset{k=0}{\overset{reh+1}{}}\mathrm{\Delta }(rk,h1).$$

Use that $`\mathrm{\Delta }(e+h1,h)=\mathrm{\Delta }(e+h1,h1)`$.

For $`s=2`$, $`\mathrm{\Delta }(r,0,1)=re+1`$ because is the degree of the directrix curve, which is contained in an $`\text{IP}^{re+1}`$, of $`R_0^{2(re)+1}\text{IP}^{2(re)+2}`$; and $`\mathrm{\Delta }(r,h_11,1)=\sigma (reh_1+1)_{|_{2(reh_1+1)+1}}^4=reh_1+2`$.

The other cases are left to the reader because these are analogous of those of Lemma 3.3.

###### Proposition 3.10

Each partition $`(reh,1^{(r+j+h1)})`$ of $`2re+j1`$ such that $`h0`$ give rise to $`R_{g_{e1}(r,h)}^{d_{e1}(r,h)}\text{IP}^{2re+j+1}`$ with base $`_{e1}(r,h)=\{\text{IP}^{re},\text{IP}^{r+j},\text{IP}^{r+j+h},(r+j+h1)\text{IP}^{2re+j1}\}`$ in general position, where

* $`d_{e1}(r,h)=\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{reh}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{reh+1k}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{\left(h1\right)}=0}{\overset{re2\underset{i=1}{\overset{h2}{}}k_i}{}}\underset{k_h=0}{\overset{re1\underset{i=1}{\overset{h1}{}}k_i}{}}\left[1+\underset{k_{\left(h+1\right)}=0}{\overset{re1\underset{i=1}{\overset{h}{}}k_i}{}}\underset{k_{\left(h+2\right)}=0}{\overset{re1\underset{i=1}{\overset{h+1}{}}k_i}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{\left(h+e+j1\right)}=0}{\overset{re1\underset{i=1}{\overset{h+e+j2}{}}k_i}{}}d_{\text{e}\sim ̸0}(re\underset{i=1}{\overset{h+e+j1}{}}k_i,1)+\underset{\alpha =0}{\overset{j+e2}{}}\left[\underset{k_{\left(h+1\right)}=0}{\overset{re1\underset{i=1}{\overset{h}{}}k_i}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{\left(h+\alpha \right)}=0}{\overset{re1\underset{i=1}{\overset{h+\alpha 1}{}}k_i}{}}\left(re\underset{i=1}{\overset{h+\alpha }{}}k_i\right)\right]\right]`$,
* $`g_{e1}(r,h)=\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{reh}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{reh+1k}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{\left(h1\right)}=0}{\overset{re2\underset{i=1}{\overset{h2}{}}k_i}{}}\underset{k_h=0}{\overset{re1\underset{i=1}{\overset{h1}{}}k_i}{}}\left[\underset{k_{\left(h+1\right)}=0}{\overset{re2\underset{i=1}{\overset{h}{}}k_i}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{\left(h+e+j1\right)}=0}{\overset{re2\underset{i=1}{\overset{h+e+j2}{}}k_i}{}}g_{\text{e}\sim ̸0}(re\underset{i=1}{\overset{h+e+j1}{}}k_i,1)+\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{j+e1}{}}\left[\underset{k_{\left(h+1\right)}=0}{\overset{re2\underset{i=1}{\overset{h}{}}k_i}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{\left(h+\alpha \right)}=0}{\overset{re2\underset{i=1}{\overset{h+\alpha 1}{}}k_i}{}}\beta (r1\underset{i=1}{\overset{h+\alpha }{}}k_i,j\alpha )\right]\right]+\underset{k=0}{\overset{reh1}{}}\mathrm{\Delta }_{e1}^{}(rk1,h)+\underset{\alpha =2}{\overset{h1}{}}\left[\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{reh}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{reh+1k}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{\left(\alpha 1\right)}=0}{\overset{reh+\alpha 2\underset{i=1}{\overset{\alpha 2}{}}k_i}{}}\underset{k_\alpha =0}{\overset{reh+\alpha 2\underset{i=1}{\overset{\alpha 1}{}}k_i}{}}\mathrm{\Delta }_{e1}^{}(r1\underset{i=1}{\overset{\alpha }{}}k_i,h\alpha +1)\right]`$,

with $`\beta (r,j)=d(r,0)_j1`$.

Proof. We proceed by induction on $`h0`$. For $`h=0`$, let us the temporary notation of $`(r,0)_j`$ for $`(r,0)`$. It is clear that $`r+h+j>1`$. In other case, we have $`=\{3\text{IP}^1\}\text{IP}^3`$ but $`e\sim ̸0`$. In $`(r,0)_j`$, suppose that $`\text{IP}^{re}\text{IP}^{2re+j1}=\text{IP}^{re1}`$. Then the scroll breaks up into $`(r,0)_{j1}\text{IP}^{2re+j}`$ and $`(r1,0)_j\text{IP}^{2re+j1}`$ with $`\sigma (re1)\sigma (r+j1)^2\sigma (2re+j2)^{r+j2}=\sigma (re1)\sigma (r+j2)^2\sigma (2re+j4)_{|_{2re+j2}}^{r+j2}=d(r1,0)_{j1}`$ generators in common. By induction on $`re+1`$, we find that

* $`d(r,0)_j=1+\underset{k=0}{\overset{re1}{}}d(rk,0)_{j1},`$
* $`g(r,0)_j=\underset{k=0}{\overset{re2}{}}g(rk,0)_{j1}+\underset{k=0}{\overset{re2}{}}[d(r1k,0)_{j1}1].`$

When $`j=e+1`$, it is easy to check that $`d(r,0)_{(e+1)}=1+d_{\text{e}\sim ̸0}(re,1)`$ and $`g(r,0)_{(e+1)}=g_{\text{e}\sim ̸0}(re,1)`$. Hence, by induction on $`je+1`$,

* $`d(r,0)_j=1+\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{re1}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{re1k}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{(j+e1)}=0}{\overset{re1\underset{i=1}{\overset{j+e2}{}}k_i}{}}d_{\text{e}\sim ̸0}(re\underset{i=1}{\overset{j+e1}{}}k_i,1)+\underset{\alpha =0}{\overset{j+e2}{}}\left[\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{re1}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{re1k}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_\alpha =0}{\overset{re1\underset{i=1}{\overset{\alpha 1}{}}k_i}{}}(re\underset{i=1}{\overset{\alpha }{}}k_i)\right]`$,
* $`g(r,0)_j=\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{re2}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{re2k}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{(j+e1)}=0}{\overset{re2\underset{i=1}{\overset{j+e2}{}}k_i}{}}g_{\text{e}\sim ̸0}(re\underset{i=1}{\overset{j+e1}{}}k_i,1)+\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{j+e1}{}}\left[\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{re2}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{re2k}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_\alpha =0}{\overset{re2\underset{i=1}{\overset{\alpha 1}{}}k_i}{}}\beta (r1\underset{i=1}{\overset{\alpha }{}}k_i,j\alpha )\right]`$.

Assuming the formulas hold for $`h10`$, we will prove them for $`h`$. In $`(r,h)`$, suppose that $`\text{IP}^{r+j+h}\text{IP}^{2re+j1}=\text{IP}^{r+j+h1}`$. Then $`R`$ degenerates into $`(r,h1)\text{IP}^{2re+j+1}`$ and $`(r1,h)\text{IP}^{2re+j1}`$ with $`\mathrm{\Delta }_{e1}(r1,h)`$ generators in common. By induction on $`re+h+1`$, we find that

* $`d(r,h)=\underset{k=0}{\overset{reh}{}}d(rk,h1)=\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{reh}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{reh+1k}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_h=0}{\overset{re1\underset{i=1}{\overset{h1}{}}k_i}{}}d(r\underset{i=1}{\overset{h}{}}k_i,0)`$,
* $`g(r,h)=\underset{k=0}{\overset{reh}{}}g(rk,h1)+\underset{k=0}{\overset{reh1}{}}\mathrm{\Delta }^{}(rk1,h)=\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{reh}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{reh+1k}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_h=0}{\overset{re1\underset{i=1}{\overset{h1}{}}k_i}{}}g(r\underset{i=1}{\overset{h}{}}k_i,0)+\underset{\alpha =2}{\overset{h1}{}}\left[\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{reh}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{reh+1k}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{\left(\alpha 1\right)}=0}{\overset{reh+\alpha 2\underset{i=1}{\overset{\alpha 2}{}}k_i}{}}\underset{k_\alpha =0}{\overset{reh+\alpha 2\underset{i=1}{\overset{\alpha 1}{}}k_i}{}}\mathrm{\Delta }^{}(r1\underset{i=1}{\overset{\alpha }{}}k_i,h\alpha +1)\right]+\underset{k=0}{\overset{reh1}{}}\mathrm{\Delta }^{}(rk1,h);`$

The last equalities can be proved by induction on $`h0`$.

###### Remark 3.11

For $`_{e1}(r,h_1,h_2)=\{\text{IP}^{re},\text{IP}^{r+j},\text{IP}^{r+j+h_1},\text{IP}^{reh_1+h_2},(h_21)\text{IP}^{2re+j1}\}`$ in general position, it follows easily that

$$d_{e1}(r,h_1,1)=\{\begin{array}{cc}2(re)+1\hfill & \text{if }h_1=0\hfill \\ 2(reh_1)+2\hfill & \text{if }h_1>0\hfill \end{array};g_{e1}(r,h_1,1)=0.$$

If $`h_2=1`$, then $`e+j+2h_11`$ but $`e+j>0`$, i.e., $`h_1=0`$. For this $`d(r,0,1)=2(re)+1`$ and $`g(r,0,1)=0`$. In case $`h_11`$,we obtain $`(r,h_1,1)=\{3\text{IP}^{reh_1+1},\text{IP}^{reh_1+2}\}\text{IP}^{2(reh_1+1)+1}`$, i.e., $`d(r,h_1,1)=2(reh_1+1)`$ and $`g(r,h_1,1)=0`$. This result will be needed in the following theorem which may be proved in much the same way as Theorem 3.8

###### Theorem 3.12

For $`s2`$, each partition $`(reh_1,r+j+h_1h_2,h_2h_3,\mathrm{},h_{(s1)}h_s,1^{(h_s1)})`$ of $`2re+j1`$ such that $`h_10`$ corresponds to the scroll $`R_{g_{e1}(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)}^{d_{e1}(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)}\text{IP}^{2re+j+1}`$ with base $`_{e1}(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)=\{\text{IP}^{re},`$ $`\text{IP}^{r+j},\text{IP}^{r+j+h_1},\text{IP}^{reh_1+h_2},\text{IP}^{2re+jh_2+h_3},\mathrm{},\text{IP}^{2re+jh_{(s1)}+h_s},(h_s1)`$ $`\text{IP}^{2re+j1}\}`$ in general position, where

* $`d_{e1}(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)=\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{h_s1}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{h_{\left(s1\right)}h_s}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_{\left(s1\right)}=0}{\overset{h_2h_3}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h_s1}{k_1}\right)d(r\underset{i=1}{\overset{s1}{}}k_i,h_1h_2+1+\underset{i=1}{\overset{s1}{}}k_i,1),`$
* $`g_{e1}(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)=\underset{\alpha =1}{\overset{s2}{}}\left[\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{h_s1}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{h_{\left(s1\right)}h_s}{}}\mathrm{}\underset{k_\alpha =0}{\overset{h_{\left(s\alpha +1\right)}h_{\left(s\alpha +2\right)}}{}}\underset{k_{\left(\alpha +1\right)}=0}{\overset{h_{\left(s\alpha \right)}h_{\left(s\alpha +1\right)}1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{h_s1}{k_1}\right)\left[\delta (r1\underset{i=1}{\overset{\alpha +1}{}}k_i,h_1h_{\left(s\alpha \right)}+1+\underset{i=1}{\overset{\alpha +1}{}}k_i,h_2h_{\left(s\alpha \right)}+1,h_{\left(s\alpha 1\right)}h_{\left(s\alpha \right)}+1,1)1\right]\right]+\underset{k_1=0}{\overset{h_s2}{}}\underset{k_2=0}{\overset{k_1}{}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k_1}{k_2}\right)\mathrm{\Delta }_{e1}^{}(rk_21,h_1k_1+k_2,h_21k_1,\mathrm{},h_s1k_1),`$

letting $`\beta ^{}(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_{(s2)},1)=\delta ^{}(re,h_1,\mathrm{},h_{(s2)},1).`$

###### Remark 3.13

In general, $`_{e1}(r,h_1,\mathrm{},h_s)\text{IP}^{2re+j+1}`$ is not base of an incidence scroll which corresponds to an abstract model with $`deg(\text{e})`$ $`=e`$. For example, for $`s=1,h_1=0`$ and $`r=e+1`$, we know that $`(e+1,0)`$ generates $`R_0^{e+j+2}\text{IP}^{e+j+3}`$. It is the immersion of the rational ruled surface $`X_{(e+j)}=\text{IP}(𝒪_{\text{IP}^1}𝒪_{\text{IP}^1}(ej))`$ by the very ample divisor $`HC_o+(e+j)f`$, i.e., $`deg(\text{e})=e+j1`$. For this reason, if we talk about $`\text{IP}^{2re+j+1}`$, then we need only consider the numbers $`r,e`$ and $`j`$ such that $`r+j>re1`$. So we obtain a decomposable incidence scroll with $`deg(\text{e})1`$.

###### Theorem 3.14

Let $`\pi :X=\text{IP}()C`$ be a decomposable ruled surface over a curve $`C`$ of genus $`g`$, such that $`h^0(𝒪_X(C_0\text{e}f))=1`$. Let $`\stackrel{~}{X}_x=\text{IP}(\stackrel{~}{})`$ be the elementary transform of $`X`$ at $`x`$ where $`xC_o`$ and $`xC_1`$. Then, every projective model of $`X`$ as an incidence scroll $`R_g^d\text{IP}^n`$ with base $`=\{\text{IP}^{n_1},\text{IP}^{n_2},\mathrm{},\text{IP}^{n_r}\}`$ in general position, gives rise to an projective model of $`\stackrel{~}{X}_x`$, which is an incidence scroll $`R_g^{d1}\text{IP}^{n1}`$ with base $`\stackrel{~}{}=\{\text{IP}^{n_1},\text{IP}^{n_2},\text{IP}^{n_31},\mathrm{},\text{IP}^{n_r1}\}`$ in general position.

Furthermore, these are all the indecomposable incidence scrolls of $`\text{IP}^{n1}`$ with $`n_1+n_2=n1`$.

Proof. Let $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{|H|}:XR_g^d\text{IP}^n`$ be the immersion induced by $`HC_o+\text{b}f`$ on $`X`$. Let $`P=\mathrm{\Phi }_{|H|}(x)`$ with $`y=\pi (x)`$. Then the elementary transform of $`X`$ at $`x`$ corresponds to the projection of $`R_g^d\text{IP}^n`$ from $`P`$. Hence

Moreover, project $`R_g^d\text{IP}^n`$ from $`P`$, such that $`PC_g^{me}\text{IP}^{n_1}`$ and $`PC_g^m\text{IP}^{n_2}`$ for any $`C_g^m`$, is equivalent to join $`\text{IP}^{n_1}`$ and $`\text{IP}^{n_2}`$. Then, we obtain an incidence scroll $`R_g^{d1}\text{IP}^{n1}`$ with base $`\stackrel{~}{}`$ which is indecomposable because $`n_2<n_3`$, or equivalently $`h^0(𝒪_X(C_0\text{e}f))=1`$.

In this way, we can now compute the degree and genus of these particular incidence scroll, using the above results for decomposable incidence scrolls and Proposition 1.3.