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# Elliptic Central Characters and Blocks of Finite Dimensional Representations of Quantum Affine Algebras

## Introduction

In this paper we describe the block decomposition of the category of finite dimensional representations of a quantum affine algebra $`U_q(\widehat{𝔤})`$, where $`|q|<1`$. Namely, we find that the blocks are parametrized by elliptic central characters, which are certain elliptic functions attached to irreducible representations.

The plan of the paper is as follows.

In Section 1, we recall the basics about blocks in abelian categories.

In Section 2, we recall the definition of $`U_q(\widehat{𝔤})`$ and the basic facts about its finite dimensional representations.

In Section 3, we define the elliptic central character of finite dimensional representations of $`U_q(\widehat{𝔤})`$. Namely, we show that if $`X,Y`$ are such representations and $`X`$ is irreducible, then the operator $`R_{Y,X}^{2,1}(z^1)R_{X,Y}(z):XYXY`$ (where $`R`$ is the R-matrix) is of the form $`1\xi _X(z)|_Y`$, where $`\xi _X(z)`$ is an endomorphism of the identity functor with coefficients in the field of elliptic functions. If $`Y`$ is also irreducible, then $`\xi _X(z)|_Y`$ is a scalar. The collection of these scalars for all irreducible $`X`$ is called the elliptic central character of $`Y`$. (Thus, the elliptic central character plays the role of non-existent nontrivial central elements of $`U_q(𝔤)`$). Our main result is

###### Theorem 1.

Blocks in the category of finite dimensional representations of $`U_q(\widehat{𝔤})`$ consist of representations whose simple constituents have a given elliptic central character.

The rest of the paper is devoted to the proof of Theorem 1. This proof is based on a result of Chari and Kashiwara on the cyclicity of tensor products of fundamental representations, and a lengthy case-by-case analysis. It would be interesting to obtain a uniform proof.

In Section 4, we prove Theorem 1 for type A.

In Section 5, we recall the Drinfeld realization of $`U_q(\widehat{𝔤})`$, and explain how to compute elliptic central characters of fundamental representations.

In Section 6, we prove Theorem 1 for types B-G. This is much more technically challenging than type A (for types $`E`$ and $`F`$ we relied on a computer to perform some calculations).

In the appendix, we list the formulas used in Section 6 to compute the elliptic central characters; some of them were obtained using a computer.

We note that although elliptic central characters were used in this paper for a particular purpose (to classify blocks of finite dimensional representations), they may be used in other problems about $`U_q(\widehat{𝔤})`$. For example, as is shown below, they can sometimes be used to decide when an irreducible finite dimensional representation occurs in the tensor product of two others. Therefore, we feel that elliptic central characters are worthy of further study. In particular, it would be interesting to study their connections with other objects in representation theory of $`U_q(\widehat{𝔤})`$, such as minimal affinizations and q-characters.

Acknowledgments:  This paper is dedicated to the 50-th birthday of Igor Frenkel. The first author thanks Igor Frenkel for being a wonderful adviser, and in particular for introducing him to the circle of ideas that led to this paper and to many others.

We are grateful to Edward Frenkel and Vyjayanthi Chari for very useful discussions and explanations, which played a crucial role in the creation of this paper (in particular, E. Frenkel explained to us how to compute the function $`f_{X,Y}(z)`$ of proposition 5.3). We also thank E. Mukhin for a useful discussion. The work of P.E. was partially supported by the NSF grant DMS-9988796, and was done in part for the Clay Mathematics Institute. A.M. is grateful to MIT for hospitality. The Ph.D. studies of A.M., during which this work was accomplished, are supported by FAPESP (99/11600-0), and his visit to MIT is supported by CAPES (0365/01-7), Brazil.

## 1 Block decomposition of an abelian category

Let us recall the basics about blocks in abelian categories. This material is standard, and we give it for the reader’s convenience.

Let $`𝒞`$ be an abelian category, in which every object has finite length. In this case, it is well known that any object is uniquely representable as a direct sum of indecomposable objects.

###### Definition 1.1.

Two indecomposable objects $`X_1,X_2`$ of $`𝒞`$ are linked if there is no splitting of $`𝒞`$ in a direct sum of two abelian categories, $`𝒞=𝒞_1𝒞_2`$, such that $`X_1𝒞_1`$ and $`X_2𝒞_2`$.

It is easy to see that linking is an equivalence relation.

###### Proposition 1.1.

The category $`𝒞`$ admits a unique decomposition into a direct sum of indecomposable abelain categories: $`𝒞=_{\alpha I}𝒞_\alpha `$.

###### Proof.

Let $`I`$ be the set of equivalence classes of linked indecomposable objects, and for $`\alpha I`$ let $`𝒞_\alpha `$ be the subcategory of $`𝒞`$, consisting of direct sums of objects from $`\alpha `$. By the uniqueness of the decomposition into indecomposables, we have $`𝒞=_{\alpha I}𝒞_\alpha `$. Furthermore, the categories $`𝒞_\alpha `$ are indecomposable. Indeed, if $`𝒞_\alpha =𝒞_\alpha ^1𝒞_\alpha ^2`$ is a nontrivial decomposition, then any indecomposables $`X_1𝒞_\alpha ^1`$, $`X_2𝒞_\alpha ^2`$ are not linked – contradiction.

The uniqueness of the decomposition is obvious. ∎

###### Definition 1.2.

The subcategories $`𝒞_\alpha `$ are called the blocks of $`𝒞`$, and the decomposition of Proposition 1.1 is called the block decomposition of $`𝒞`$.

Recall that for any $`X𝒞`$, one can uniquely specify the simple objects (with multiplicities) which occur as constituents in $`X`$ (the Jordan-Holder Theorem).

The following trivial lemma will be used below.

###### Lemma 1.2.

1. Two simple objects are linked if they occur as constituents of the same indecomposable object.
2. Two indecomposable objects are linked if they have some linked simple constituents.

###### Proof.

Clear. ∎

## 2 Quantum Affine Algebras and the Category $`𝒞`$

Let $`𝔤`$ be a finite-dimensional complex simple Lie algebra with Cartan subalgebra $`𝔥`$. The simple roots will be denoted $`\alpha _1,\mathrm{},\alpha _n`$, the fundamental weights $`\omega _1,\mathrm{},\omega _n`$ and the invariant bilinear form $`<,>`$ is normalized so that $`<\theta ,\theta >=2`$ for the maximal root $`\theta =\theta _i\alpha _i`$. The Cartan matrix is $`C=(c_{ij})`$, $`i,jI=\{1,\mathrm{},n\}`$. Set $`r^{}`$ to be the maximal number of edges connecting two vertices in the Dynkin diagram of $`𝔤`$ and define a renormalized form

$$(,)=r^{}<,>$$

Then let

$$d_i=\frac{(\alpha _i,\alpha _i)}{2}$$
(2.1)
and set $`D=\text{diag}(d_i)`$, so that $`B=DC`$ is symmetric.

We consider $`\widehat{𝔤}`$, the loop (or affine) algebra associated to $`𝔤`$ (we do not consider central extension). The matrices $`B,C,D`$ can be extended to their affine counterparts $`\widehat{B},\widehat{C},\widehat{D}`$, of size $`n+1`$. Their entries will be denoted by $`b_{ij},c_{ij},d_i`$ as before, but with $`i,j`$ running from $`0`$ to $`n`$. For $`q^{}`$ (not a root of 1), the Hopf algebra $`U_q(\widehat{𝔤})`$ is the algebra generated by $`k_i^{\pm 1},x_i^\pm ,i=0,\mathrm{},n,`$ with relations

$$k_ik_i^1=k_i^1k_i=1k_ik_j=k_jk_ik_0\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{}}k_i^{\theta _i}=1$$

$$k_ix_j^\pm k_i^1=q_i^{\pm c_{ij}}x_j^\pm $$

$$[x_i^+,x_j^+]=\delta _{ij}\frac{k_ik_i^1}{q_iq_i^1}$$
(2.2)
$$\underset{m=0}{\overset{1c_{ij}}{}}\left[\begin{array}{c}1c_{ij}\\ m\end{array}\right]_{q_i}(x_i^\pm )^mx_j^\pm (x_i^\pm )^{1c_{ij}m}=0,ij$$

Here $`q_i=q^{d_i}`$ and $`\left[\begin{array}{c}r\\ m\end{array}\right]_q`$ $`=\frac{[r]_q!}{[m]_q![rm]_q!}`$ where $`[m]_q=\frac{q^mq^m}{qq^1}`$ and $`[m]_q!=[m]_q[m1]_q\mathrm{}[1]_q`$. The coalgebra structure and the antipode are given by

$$\mathrm{\Delta }(k_i^{\pm 1})=k_i^{\pm 1}k_i^{\pm 1}\mathrm{\Delta }(x_i^+)=x_i^+k_i+1x_i^+\mathrm{\Delta }(x_i^{})=x_i^{}1+k_i^1x_i^{}$$

$$\epsilon (k_i)=1\epsilon (x_i^\pm )=0$$
(2.3)
$$S(k_i)=k_i^1S(x_i^+)=x_i^+k_i^1S(x_i^{})=k_ix_i^{}$$

$`U_q(\widehat{𝔤})`$ has (in an appropriate sense ) a universal R-matrix that we denote by $``$.

Given a representation $`Y`$ of $`U_q(\widehat{𝔤})`$ and $`\lambda 𝔥^{}`$, we set

$$Y[\lambda ]=\{vY;k_iv=q^{(\lambda ,\alpha _i)}v\}$$

We will consider the category $`𝒞`$ of finite dimensional (type 1) representations of $`U_q(\widehat{𝔤})`$. It consists of finite dimensional representations with weight decomposition

$$Y=\underset{\lambda }{}Y[\lambda ]$$

for $`\lambda `$ in the weight lattice of $`𝔤`$.

Let $`\text{Gr}(𝒞)`$ be the Grothendiek ring of $`𝒞`$. We will need the following theorem .

###### Theorem 2.1.

$`\text{Gr}(𝒞)`$ is a commutative ring.

## 3 The Elliptic Central Character

Recall that if $`A`$ is a finite dimensional algebra, then blocks in the category A-mod are parametrized by characters of the center, $`\chi :Z(A)`$.

Of course, the algebra $`U_q(\widehat{𝔤})`$ is not finite dimensional, and has a trivial center. Nevertheless, we will define a nontrivial analog of the notion of a central character (the elliptic central character) for $`U_q(\widehat{𝔤})`$, which will allow us to compute the block decomposition of the category of its finite dimensional representations.

For $`z^{}`$, let $`D_z`$ be the automorphism of $`U_q(\widehat{𝔤})`$ given by $`D_z(x_0^+)=zx_0^+,D_z(x_0^{})=z^1x_0^{}`$ and the identity on the other generators. Given $`X𝒞`$ we can consider the family of shifted representations $`X(z)`$ obtained from $`X`$ by composing with $`D_z`$.

Let $`X,Y𝒞`$ and $`|_{X(z)Y}`$ be denoted by $`R_{X,Y}(z)`$. $`R_{X,Y}(z)`$ is a meromorphic function of $`z`$ regular at $`0`$ . Define

$$\eta _{X,Y}(z)=R_{Y,X}^{21}(z^1)R_{X,Y}(z)\mathrm{End}_{U_q(\widehat{𝔤})}(X(z)Y).$$
(3.1)
Then $`\eta _{X,Y}`$ is an elliptic function of $`z`$ with period $`q^{2r^{}h^{}}`$ , i.e., a meromorphic function on the elliptic curve

$$E=\frac{^{}}{q^{2r^{}h^{}}}$$

where $`h^{}`$ is the dual Coxeter number of $`𝔤`$.

Let $`\mathrm{Id}_E`$ denote the identity functor of the category $`𝒞_E:=𝒞_{}(E)`$.

###### Proposition 3.1.

If $`X`$ is irreducible, then there exists an element $`\xi _X(z)\mathrm{End}_{U_q(\widehat{𝔤})}(\mathrm{Id}_E)`$, such that $`\eta _{X,Y}(z)=1\xi _X(z)|_Y`$.

Proposition 3.1 follows from the following lemma.

###### Lemma 3.2.

Let $`Y𝒞`$. Given a simple object $`X𝒞`$, the map $`\xi 1\xi `$, defines an isomorphism $`\text{End}_{U_q(\widehat{𝔤})}(Y)\text{End}_{U_q(\widehat{𝔤})}(X(z)Y)`$ for almost all $`z^{}`$.

###### Proof.

We have

$$\mathrm{End}_{U_q(\widehat{𝔤})}(X(z)Y)\mathrm{Hom}_{U_q(\widehat{𝔤})}(Y,^{}X(z)X(z)Y)\mathrm{Hom}_{U_q(\widehat{𝔤})}(Y^{}Y,(^{}XX)(z))$$

Let $`Z_1,\mathrm{},Z_n`$ be the nontrivial constituents of a composition series of $`{}_{}{}^{}XX`$. Then, for almost all $`z`$, none of the $`Z_i(z)`$ occurs as a constituent in $`Y^{}Y`$ (as $`Z_i(z)`$ are pairwise non-isomorphic for fixed $`i`$ and $`z^{}`$) and, consequently, the image of any morphism $`f:Y^{}Y(^{}XX)(z)`$ has only trivial constituents.

It is easy to show that $`\mathrm{Ext}_{U_q(\widehat{𝔤})}^1(,)=0`$. Thus, the image of $`f`$ is trivial, i.e., either zero or 1-dimensional (since $`X`$ is simple). The lemma is proved. ∎

###### Corollary 3.3.

1. If $`Y`$ is irreducible, then $`\xi _X(z)|_Y`$ is a scalar operator, and $`\xi _X(z)|_Y=\xi _Y(z^1)|_X`$.
2. $`\xi _X(z)|_{Y_1Y_2}=\xi _X(z)|_{Y_1}\xi _X(z)|_{Y_2}`$. In particular, if $`Y_i`$ are irreducible, and $`Y`$ is a subquotient in $`Y_1Y_2`$, then $`\xi _X(z)|_Y=\xi _X(z)|_{Y_1}\xi _X(z)|_{Y_2}`$.
3. $`\xi _X(z)|_Y^{}=((\xi _X(z)|_Y)^1)^{}`$
4. $`\xi _X(z)|_{Y(u)}=\xi _X(\frac{z}{u})|_Y`$ and $`\xi _{X(w)}(z)=\xi _X(zw)`$.
5. If an irreducible $`X`$ is a subquotioent of the tensor product of two irreducible $`X_1,X_2`$, then $`\xi _X=\xi _{X_1}\xi _{X_2}=\xi _{X_2}\xi _{X_1}`$.

###### Proof.

The first statement immediately follows from Lemma 3.2. The second and the last follow from the fusion laws for the R-matrix. The third follows from the antipode property of the $`R`$-matrix ($`(S1)()=^1`$). The fourth is a consequence of the fact that the same is true for $`R_{X,Y}(z)`$. ∎

###### Definition 3.1.

Let $`\mathrm{Ob}(𝒞)`$ be the set of isomorphism classes of simple objects. An elliptic central character in $`𝒞`$ is an element $`\chi (E)^{}`$ such that

1. $`\chi _{X(w)}(z)=\chi _X(zw)`$.
2. If $`X`$ is a subquotient of $`X_1X_2`$, for $`X,X_i`$, then $`\chi _X=\chi _{X_1}\chi _{X_2}`$.
3. $`\chi _{}=1`$.

Given an elliptic central character $`\chi `$, set

$$𝒞_\chi =\{Y𝒞;\xi _X(z)|_Z=\chi _X(z)\text{ for all }Z,Z\text{ is a constituent of }Y\}$$

(it is possible that $`𝒞_\chi =0`$). If $`Y𝒞_\chi `$, we will say that the elliptic central character of $`Y`$ is $`\chi `$.

It immediately follows that $`𝒞`$ is the direct sum of all $`𝒞_\chi `$.

We are ready to state our main result.

###### Theorem 3.4.

The categories $`𝒞_\chi `$ are indecomposable. In other words, they are the blocks of $`𝒞`$.

The set of $`\chi `$ for which $`𝒞_\chi `$ is nonzero can be explicitly described. This description will be clear from the proof. It will also be clear from the proof that if elliptic central characters of two representations coincide up to scaling, then they coincide; so an elliptic central character of a representation is completely determined by its divisor of zeros and poles on the elliptic curve $`E`$.

## 4 The $`𝔰𝔩_{n+1}`$ Case

To prove Theorem 3.4 for all $`𝔤`$ we will need to use another realization of $`U_q(\widehat{𝔤})`$ using Drinfeld “loop-like” generators. However, due to the existence of Jimbo’s algebra homomorphism $`U_q(\widehat{𝔤})U_q(𝔤)`$ when $`𝔤`$ is $`𝔰𝔩_{n+1}`$ , we can already proceed with the proof in this case.

We have $`r^{}=1`$, $`h^{}=n+1`$ (but we will keep the notation $`h^{}`$ to maintain similarities with types B-G). Let $`V=^{n+1}`$ be the vector representation of $`U_q(\widehat{𝔰𝔩}_{n+1})`$. The following proposition is well known (see  for example).

###### Proposition 4.1.

Any irreducible object of $`𝒞`$ is a subquotient of a tensor product of the form $`V(z_1)\mathrm{}V(z_m)`$.

###### Corollary 4.2.

Any elliptic central character $`\chi `$ is determined by $`\chi _V`$.

The following is a consequence of the results in .

###### Proposition 4.3.

For a tensor product $`V(z_1)\mathrm{}V(z_m)`$ to be cyclic on the highest weight vector (hence, indecomposable) it suffices that $`z_j/z_kq^2`$ for $`j<k`$.

###### Proposition 4.4.

If $`z_1,\mathrm{},z_m`$ is a sequence satisfying the condition in Proposition 4.3, and $`sS_m`$ is such that $`z_{s(1)},\mathrm{},z_{s(m)}`$ also satisfies the condition, then the corresponding tensor products are isomorphic.

###### Proof.

The $`R`$-matrix $`\overline{R}_{V,V}(z)`$ has singularities at $`z=q^{\pm 2}`$. Since for the transposed factors we have $`z_j/z_kq^{\pm 2}`$, the isomorphism is given by the action of $`P\overline{R}_{V,V}(z_j/z_k)`$, where $`\overline{R}`$ is the normalized R-matrix of Proposition 5.3 below, and $`P`$ is the flip map. ∎

###### Definition 4.1.

We say that a sequence $`z_1,\mathrm{},z_m`$ is non-resonant if it satisfies the condition of Proposition 4.3.

Since any sequence can be arranged in a non-resonant order, we shall denote by $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$ any of the corresponding isomorphic indecomposable tensor products obtained from $`z_1,\mathrm{},z_m`$.

It follows from Lemma 1.2 and Propositions 4.1, 4.3 and 4.4, that to prove Theorem 3.4 for $`U_q(\widehat{𝔰𝔩}_{n+1})`$, it is enough to show that if $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$ and $`Y(w_1,\mathrm{},w_k)`$ have the same elliptic central character, then they are linked.

###### Lemma 4.5.

For any $`w^{}`$, $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$ is linked to $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m,w,q^2w,\mathrm{},q^{2(h^{}1)}w)`$. In particular $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$ is linked to $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_{j1},z_jq^{2h^{}},z_{j+1},\mathrm{},z_m)`$.

###### Proof.

Since the trivial representation is contained in $`Y(w,q^2w,\mathrm{},q^{2(h^{}1)}w)`$ for any $`w`$ (as “the top quantum exterior power” of $`V(w)`$), it follows (using the fact that $`\text{Gr}(𝒞)`$ is commutative) that any simple constituent of $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$ is also a constituent of $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m,w,q^2w,\mathrm{},q^{2(h^{}1)}w)`$. For the second statement, let $`Y_1,Y_2`$ be simple constituents in each of the considered tensor products respectively. Then both $`Y_i`$ are subquotients of $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_j,q^2z_j,\mathrm{},q^{2h^{}}z_j,z_{j+1},\mathrm{},z_m)`$. ∎

In light of Lemma 4.5 it remains to show that if $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$ and $`Y(w_1,\mathrm{},w_k)`$ have the same elliptic central character, then the sequence $`(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$ can be obtained from $`(w_1,\mathrm{},w_k)`$ by permutations and by adding and removing sequences $`(z,q^2z,\mathrm{},q^{2(h^{}1)}z)`$ (which includes the transformations $`z_jz_jq^{2h^{}}`$).

To do this, we will write down the formula for $`\xi _V(z)|_V`$ and analyze its singularity structure. Drinfeld realization will be used to do this in the other cases, but for $`𝔰𝔩_{n+1}`$ one can compute it in a more “naive” way, as was (essentially) done in . We have

$$\xi _V(z)|_V=q^{\frac{2(h^{}1)}{h^{}}}\underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}\varrho (q^{2jh^{}}z)\varrho (q^{2jh^{}}z^1)$$
(4.1)
where

$$\varrho (z)=\frac{(1z)(1zq^{2h^{}})}{(1zq^2)(1zq^{2(h^{}1)})}$$
(4.2)
Then, the structure of zeros and poles of $`\xi _V(z)|_V`$ on $`E`$ is given by the following pictures

$$\begin{array}{cccccc}^1& ^{q^2}& ^{q^4}& \mathrm{}& ^{q^{2(h^{}2)}}& ^{q^{2(h^{}1)}}\\ 2& 1& 0& \mathrm{}& 0& 1\end{array}\text{for }n2\text{and}\begin{array}{cc}^1& ^{q^2}\\ 2& 2\end{array}\text{for }n=1$$

where positive numbers stand for zeros (of that order) and negative for poles.

The fact that the trivial representation is contained in $`Y(w,q^2w,\mathrm{},q^{2(h^{}1)}w)`$ is reflected in the relation

$$\underset{s=0}{\overset{h^{}1}{}}\xi _V(zw^1q^{2s})=1.$$
(4.3)
To prove our claim, we need to show that any multiplicative relation between $`\xi _V(zu)`$, $`u^{}`$ is a combination of relations of the form (4.3). For this, it suffices to show that the functions $`\xi _V(z),\xi _V(zq^2)`$,…,$`\xi _V(zq^{2(h^{}2)})`$ are multiplicatively independent (for $`𝔰𝔩_2`$ this is clear).

To do this, we will rephrase the problem in a linear algebra setting. Consider the group $`^{h^{}1}`$. To the function $`\xi _V(zq^{2s})|_V`$, $`0sh^{}2`$ assign a vector $`v_s`$ in $`^{h^{}1}`$ given by

$`v_0`$ $`=`$ $`(2,1,0,0,\mathrm{},0)`$
$`v_{h^{}2}`$ $`=`$ $`(0,0,\mathrm{},0,1,2)`$
$`v_s`$ $`=`$ $`(0,\mathrm{},0,1,2,1,0,\mathrm{},0)\text{for }0<s<h^{}2`$
where the $`2`$ is the $`s`$-th entry, if we label them from $`0`$ to $`h^{}2`$. The entries of these vectors are the orders of the singularities of $`\xi _V(zq^{2s})`$ on the sequence $`1,q^2,\mathrm{},q^{2(h^{}2)}`$. Then we are left to show that the vectors $`v_s`$ are linearly independent. This is equivalent to showing that the matrix $`T_n`$, whose rows are the vectors $`v_s`$, has a nonvanishing determinant. But one easily sees that $`detT_n=2detT_{n1}detT_{n2}`$ and use induction to get $`detT_n=n+1`$ (in fact, $`T_n`$ is the Cartan matrix of type $`A_n`$).

This proves Theorem 3.4 for $`𝔰𝔩_{n+1}`$.

## 5 Drinfeld Realization

To compute the elliptic central characters for the other $`𝔤`$ we will need to use a suitable formula for $``$. This formula was found in  and we will use the version  involving the Drinfeld realization  of $`U_q(\widehat{𝔤})`$ in terms of “loop like” generators. In fact, we will use the following (slightly different) realization proposed in .

###### Theorem 5.1.

$`U_q(\widehat{𝔤})`$ is isomorphic to the algebra with generators $`k_i^{\pm 1},h_{i,l},x_{i,r}^\pm `$, where $`iI,l\backslash \{0\}`$ and $`r`$ with defining relations

$$k_ik_i^1=k_i^1k_i=1$$

$$k_ik_j=k_jk_ik_ih_{j,r}=h_{j,r}k_i$$

$$k_ix_{j,r}\pm k_i^1=q_i^{\pm b_{ij}}x_{j,r}^\pm [h_{i,r},x_{j,s}^\pm ]=\pm \frac{1}{r}[rc_{ij}]_{q^i}x_{j,r+s}$$

$$x_{i,r+1}^\pm x_{j,s}^\pm q_i^{\pm c_{ij}}x_{j,s}^\pm x_{i,r+1}^\pm =q_i^{\pm c_{ij}}x_{i,r}^\pm x_{j,s+1}^\pm x_{j,s+1}^\pm x_{i,r}$$
(5.1)
$$[x_{i,r}^+,x_{j,s}^{}]=\frac{\delta _{ij}}{q_iq_i^1}\left(\varphi _{i,r+s}^+\varphi _{i,r+s}^{}\right)$$

$$\underset{sS_m}{}\underset{k=0}{\overset{m}{}}(1)^k\left[\begin{array}{c}m\\ k\end{array}\right]_{q_i}x_{i,r_{s(1)}}^\pm \mathrm{}x_{i,r_{s(k)}}^\pm x_{j,s}^\pm x_{i,r_{s(k+1)}}^\pm \mathrm{}x_{i,r_{s(m)}}^\pm =0\text{if }ij$$

where $`r_1,\mathrm{},r_m`$, $`m=1c_{ij}`$, $`S_m`$ is the symmetric group on $`m`$ symbols and $`\varphi _{i,r}^\pm `$ are given by the identity of power series

$$\underset{r=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}\varphi _{i,r}^\pm u^{\pm r}=k_i^{\pm 1}\mathrm{exp}\left(\pm (qq^1)\underset{s=1}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}h_{i,\pm s}u^{\pm s}\right)$$
(5.2)
Remark: In fact this version follows the notation in . But observe that the comultiplication in  differs from ours. They are connected by the automorphism of $`U_q(\widehat{𝔤})`$ sending $`k_i`$ to $`k_i^1`$, $`q`$ to $`q^1`$ and keeping fixed the other generators. This will give rise to some differences in the signs. We use the original definitions of  which also coincides with  and  (these last two are the reasons for our choice). But we remark that the definition in  has been used also in  and many other most recent works.

Using the “loop like” generators, to each fundamental weight $`\omega _i`$, one may associate a family of (shifted) fundamental representations $`V_i(z)`$. In general, the fundamental representations are not irreducible as $`U_q(𝔤)`$-modules, but we still have the following theorem .

###### Theorem 5.2.

Any irreducible representation of $`U_q(\widehat{𝔤})`$ is isomorphic to a subquotient of a tensor product of shifted fundamental representations.

Remark: Using the Drinfeld realization, Chari and Pressley (see e.g.) defined the concept of an affinization of $`V_\lambda `$ for any finite dimensional $`U_q(𝔤)`$-module $`V_\lambda `$ with highest weight $`\lambda `$. By definition, an irreducible affinization of $`V_\lambda `$ is a $`U_q(\widehat{𝔤})`$-representation $`V`$ isomorphic to one of the form $`V_\lambda _{\mu <\lambda }V_\mu `$ as a representation of $`U_q(𝔤)`$. We refer to  for more details. We also mention one fact that will be used later. Namely, if $`\lambda =\lambda _i\omega _i`$, then all irreducible affinizations of $`V_\lambda `$ are obtained as subquotients of tensor products of the form $`_i^n(_{j=1}^{\lambda _i}V_i(z_{ij}))`$.

The following proposition  is our first tool to compute $`\xi _X(z)|_Y`$.

###### Proposition 5.3.

Let $`X,Y`$ be irreducible representations of $`U_q(\widehat{𝔤})`$. Then

$$R_{X,Y}(z)=f_{X,Y}(z)\overline{R}_{X,Y}(z)$$
(5.3)
where $`f_{X,Y}`$ is a scalar meromorphic function in $``$, regular at $`0`$ with $`f_{X,Y}(0)0`$, and the matrix elements of $`\overline{R}_{X,Y}(z)`$ are rational functions of $`z`$ regular at $`0`$ and such that $`\overline{R}_{X,Y}(z)(x_0y_0)=x_0y_0`$. Here $`x_0,y_0`$ are the highest weight vectors of $`X`$ and $`Y`$ as $`U_q(𝔤)`$-modules. If $`|q|<1`$, $`f_{X,Y}`$ can be represented as

$$f_{X,Y}(z)=q^{(\lambda ,\mu )}\underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}\varrho _{X,Y}(q^{2jr^{}h^{}}z)$$

where $`\lambda `$ and $`\mu `$ are the highest weights of $`X`$ and $`Y`$ and $`\varrho _{X,Y}`$ is a rational function such that $`\varrho _{X,Y}(0)=1`$. Furthermore, $`\overline{R}`$ is unitary:

$$\overline{R}_{Y,X}^{21}(z^1)\overline{R}_{X,Y}(z)=1$$
(5.4)
###### Corollary 5.4.

If $`X,Y`$ are irreducible, $`\xi _X(z)|_Y`$ is the scalar operator given by $`f_{X,Y}(z)f_{X,Y}(z^1)`$.

It was proved in  that if $`\overline{R}_{V_i,V_j}(z)`$ is not regular at $`z_0`$, then $`z_0`$ must belong to the set $`𝒫=\{q^k;2kr^{}h^{},k\}`$ and, if $`\overline{R}_{V_i,V_j}(z_0)`$ is not invertible, then $`z_0𝒫^1=\{q^k;2kr^{}h^{},k\}`$.

###### Corollary 5.5.

Let $`\varrho _{V_i,V_j}(z)`$ be the function of Proposition 5.3 and $`𝒫_{ij}`$ be the subset of $`𝒫`$ where $`\varrho _{V_i,V_j}(z)`$ has a pole. Then $`\overline{R}_{V_i,V_j}(z)`$ is not invertible exactly on $`𝒫_{ij}^1`$.

###### Proof.

The function $`\varrho _{X,Y}(z)`$ is characterized by the following equation :

$$((\overline{R}_{X,Y}(z))^1)^{t_1}=\varrho _{X,Y}(z)((\overline{R}_{X,Y}(q^{2r^{}h^{}}z))^{t_1})^1$$
(5.5)
where $`(a_jb_j)^{t_1}=a_j^{}b_j`$. Recall that $`V_j(z)^{}V_j^{}(q^{r^{}h^{}})`$ where $`V_j^{}`$ is the fundamental representation of $`U_q(𝔤)`$ dual to $`V_j`$. Then, if $`z_0P_{ij}^{\pm 1}`$ and $`\overline{R}_{V_i,V_j}(z_0)`$ is invertible, both $`((\overline{R}_{V_i,V_j}(z))^1)^{t_1}`$ and $`((\overline{R}_{V_i,V_j}(q^{2r^{}h^{}}z))^{t_1})^{\pm 1}`$ are regular at $`z_0`$. Hence so is $`\varrho _{V_i,V_j}(z)`$. Conversely, if $`\overline{R}_{V_i,V_j}(z_0)`$ is not invertible, then $`((\overline{R}_{V_i,V_j}(z))^1)^{t_1}`$ has a pole at $`z_0`$, but $`((\overline{R}_{V_i,V_j}(q^{2r^{}h^{}}z))^{t_1})^1`$ is still regular. Thus, $`\rho _{X,Y}`$ must have a pole at $`z_0`$. ∎

The following corollary will be useful later. Let $`𝒮_{ij}=𝒫_{ij}𝒫_{ij}^1`$.

###### Corollary 5.6.

Suppose that $`V_r(q^p)`$ is a subrepresentation of $`V_iV_j(q^l)`$. Then, for any $`m=1,\mathrm{},n`$, we have $`𝒮_{mr}q^p𝒮_{mi}𝒮_{mj}q^l`$.

###### Proof.

Given $`m`$ and $`z`$, consider the inclusion

$$V_m(z)V_r(q^p)V_m(z)V_iV_j(q^l)$$

By the fusion laws for the universal R-matrix, the singularities of $`\overline{R}_{V_m,V_iV_j(q^l)}(z)`$ (poles and points where it is not invertible), must be contained in $`𝒮_{mi}𝒮_{mj}q^l`$. On the other hand, let $`\overline{R}_{m,ij}^r(z)`$ denote the restriction of $`\overline{R}_{V_m,V_iV_j(q^l)}(z)`$ to $`V_m(z)V_r(q^p)`$. Then $`g(z)\overline{R}_{m,ij}^r(z)=\overline{R}_{V_m,V_r(q^p)}(z)`$, for some rational function $`g(z)`$. Suppose that, at $`z_0`$, $`\overline{R}_{V_m,V_r(q^p)}(z)`$ is not invertible, but $`\overline{R}_{m,ij}^r(z_0)`$ is defined and invertible. We conclude that $`g(z_0)=0`$. But this would imply that $`\overline{R}_{V_m,V_r(q^p)}(z_0)=0`$, what is impossible by the normalization of $`\overline{R}_{V_m,V_r(q^p)}(z)`$. Since is $`zz^1`$ is a bijection $`𝒫_{mr}𝒫_{mr}^1`$, we conclude that $`\overline{R}_{m,ij}^r(z_0)`$ has a singularity whenever $`\overline{R}_{V_m,V_r(q^p)}(z)`$ has a pole. ∎

Now we need a tool to calculate $`f_{X,Y}`$ for fundamental $`X`$ and $`Y`$. It is the formula for $``$ found in . The method we will describe now was developed for general irreducibles $`X,Y`$ in . So our computation is a specialization of those in . First we define the matrices $`B(q),D(q)`$ and $`M(q)`$ to be $`b_{ij}(q)=[b_{ij}]_q,d_{ij}(q)=\delta _{ij}[d_i]_q`$, for $`i,j=1,\mathrm{},n`$ and $`M(q)=D(q)\stackrel{~}{B}(q)D(q)`$ where $`\stackrel{~}{B}(q)=B(q)^1`$.

###### Theorem 5.7.

 The universal R-matrix $``$ of $`U_q(\widehat{𝔤})`$ can be represented in the form

$$=^+\stackrel{˘}{}^{}^0$$
(5.6)
where $`^\pm U_q(\widehat{𝔫}_\pm )U_q(\widehat{𝔫}_{})`$, $`^0(xy)=q^{(\lambda ,\mu )}xy`$ if $`x,y`$ have weight $`\lambda `$ and $`\mu `$ respectively, and the “imaginary” R-matrix $`\stackrel{˘}{}`$ is given by

$$\stackrel{˘}{}=\mathrm{exp}\left((qq^1)\underset{k>0,i,j}{}\frac{k}{[k]_q}\stackrel{~}{b}_{ij}(q^k)h_{i,k}h_{j,k}\right)$$
(5.7)
Then we can compute $`f_{X,Y}`$ by calculating the action of $``$ on the tensor product of the corresponding highest weight vectors. $`^\pm `$ will act as the identity while $`^0`$ will contribute a constant. Hence, the essential information is contained in $`\stackrel{˘}{}`$. Let $`v_i`$ be the highest weight vector of $`V_i(z)`$. The action of $`h_{j,k}`$ on $`v_i`$ is given by

$$h_{j,k}v_i=\delta _{ij}\frac{(q_j^kq_j^k)z^k}{(qq^1)k}v_j$$
(5.8)
Consequently

$$\stackrel{˘}{}(v_iv_j)=\mathrm{exp}\left(\underset{k>0}{}m_{ij}(q^k)(q^kq^k)\frac{z^k}{k}\right)v_iv_j=q^{(\omega _i,\omega _j)}f_{V_i,V_j}(z)v_iv_j$$
(5.9)
The singularity structure for $`f_{V_i,V_j}(z)`$ can then be read from the matrix $`M(q)`$ in the following way. The term $`m_{ij}(q^k)(q^kq^k)\frac{z^k}{k}`$ will be of the form $`\frac{\pi (q^k)}{1q^{pk}}\frac{z^k}{k}`$, where $`\pi (q)`$ is a Laurent polynomial in $`q`$ (symmetric under $`qq^1`$) and $`p=2r^{}h^{}`$. Then, each monomial $`\pm q^m`$ in $`\pi (q)`$ will contribute with a factor $`_{l0}(1q^mzq^{pl})^1`$ to $`f_{V_i,V_j}(z)`$ (recalling that $`\mathrm{exp}(_k\frac{y^k}{k})=\mathrm{exp}(\mathrm{log}(1y))=1y`$ and that $`\frac{1}{1x}=_lx^l`$).

Remark: The matrices $`M(q)`$ are listed in the appendix. For the classical algebras they were listed in  (with a few misprints). For types $`E`$ and $`F`$ we used the software Mathematica to compute $`M(q)`$.

## 6 Proof of Theorem 3.4 : The Remaining Cases

In this section we will use the notation $`\xi _{ij}(z)=\xi _{V_i}(z)|_{V_j}`$.

We state the following version of Proposition 4.1.

###### Theorem 6.1.

Every irreducible object of $`𝒞`$ is a subquotient of a tensor product of the form $`V_{i_1}(z_1)\mathrm{}V_{i_m}(z_m)`$ where $`i_j`$ run through the indices of the black nodes of the Dynkin diagram of $`𝔤`$ in table 1.

For classical $`𝔤`$ it is proved in . For $`𝔢_6`$ it is deduced immediately from the computations in . We will prove it in the remaining cases together with the proof of Theorem 3.4. (We note that as far as we know, in the cases $`F_4`$ and $`G_2`$, Theorem 6.1 was also proved by Chari and Pressley in 1991 when preparing the paper ; however, the proof is not written in the paper, since the result was not of interest at that time).

Table 1

* $`A_n`$ :

$$\stackrel{1}{}\stackrel{2}{}\mathrm{}\stackrel{\text{n-1}}{}\stackrel{\text{n}}{}$$
* $`B_n`$ :

$$\stackrel{1}{}\stackrel{2}{}\mathrm{}\stackrel{\text{n-1}}{}=>=\stackrel{\text{n}}{}$$
* $`C_n`$ :

$$\stackrel{1}{}\stackrel{2}{}\mathrm{}\stackrel{\text{n-1}}{}=<=\stackrel{\text{n}}{}$$
* $`D_n`$, $`n`$ odd :

$$\stackrel{1}{}\stackrel{2}{}\mathrm{}\stackrel{\text{n-2}}{}\stackrel{\text{n-1}}{}$$

$$|$$

$$\text{ }\text{n}$$
* $`D_n`$, $`n`$ even :

$$\stackrel{1}{}\stackrel{2}{}\mathrm{}\stackrel{\text{n-2}}{}\stackrel{\text{n-1}}{}$$

$$|$$

$$\text{ }\text{n}$$
* $`E_6`$ :

$$\stackrel{1}{}\stackrel{2}{}\stackrel{\text{3}}{}\stackrel{4}{}\stackrel{5}{}$$

$$|$$

$$\text{ }6$$
* $`E_7`$ :

$$\stackrel{1}{}\stackrel{2}{}\stackrel{\text{3}}{}\stackrel{4}{}\stackrel{5}{}\stackrel{6}{}$$

$$|$$

$$\text{ }7$$
* $`E_8`$ :

$$\stackrel{1}{}\stackrel{2}{}\stackrel{\text{3}}{}\stackrel{4}{}\stackrel{5}{}\stackrel{6}{}\stackrel{7}{}$$

$$|$$

$$\text{ }8$$
* $`F_4`$ :

$$\stackrel{1}{}\stackrel{2}{}=<=\stackrel{3}{}\stackrel{4}{}$$
* $`G_2`$ :

$$\stackrel{1}{}<\stackrel{2}{}$$

###### Corollary 6.2.

If $`𝔤`$ is not of type $`D_n`$ for $`n`$ even, then any elliptic central character $`\chi `$ is determined by $`\chi _V`$, where $`V=V_b`$ and $`b`$ is the index of the black node in table 1. For $`D_n`$, when $`n`$ is even, $`\chi `$ is determined by its value on the two half spin representations $`V_{n1}`$ and $`V_n`$.

Combining the results in  with Corollary 5.5, we get the following stronger version of Proposition 4.3, which is crucial in our proof of Theorem 3.4.

###### Theorem 6.3.

For a tensor product of fundamental representations $`V_{k_1}(z_1)\mathrm{}V_{k_l}(z_l)`$ to be cyclic on the highest weight vector (hence indecomposable), it suffices that

$$\frac{z_r}{z_s}q^{2d_{k_s}+p}\text{for}r<s,p0\text{and}22k_s+pr^{}h^{}$$

In other words, it suffices that $`\overline{R}_{V_{k_r},V_{k_s}}(\frac{z_r}{z_s})`$ be regular for $`r<s`$.

Then we can prove the corresponding version of Proposition 4.4 in a similar way and define $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$ analogously to Definition 4.1. For $`D_n`$, when $`n`$ is even, we let the half spin representations be denoted by $`V_\pm `$ and define $`Y_+(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$ to be any of the isomorphic indecomposable tensor products obtained from $`z_1,\mathrm{},z_m`$ using only shifts of $`V_+`$. Similarly, we define $`Y_{}(w_1,\mathrm{},w_l)`$ using $`V_{}`$. Then we can define $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m|w_1,\mathrm{},w_l)`$ to be any non-resonant (i.e., satisfying the cyclicity condition on the highest weight vector) reordering of $`Y_+(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)Y_{}(w_1,\mathrm{},w_l)`$.

Therefore, once we have computed the singularity structure of $`\xi _{ij}`$, the proof goes, case by case, in a similar way it did for type $`A_n`$. Namely, the proof consists of two steps.

Step 1. We prove a version of lemma 4.5 stating the basic linking relations.

Step 2. To conclude that, if $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$ and $`Y(w_1,\mathrm{},w_l)`$ have the same elliptic central character, then they are linked, we find all multiplicative relations between the considered $`\xi _{ij}(zq^{2s})`$ (by computing the kernel of a certain integer matrix over $``$) and check that they correspond to the linking relations of the lemma.

### 6.1 Type $`B_n`$

For $`B_n`$ we have $`r^{}=2,h^{}=2n1`$. The black node corresponds to the spin representation $`V_n`$. The singularity arrangement for $`\xi _{nn}(z)`$ is

$$\begin{array}{cccccccccc}^1& ^{q^2}& ^{q^4}& \mathrm{}& ^{q^{2h^{}2}}& ^{q^{2h^{}}}& ^{q^{2h^{}+2}}& \mathrm{}& ^{q^{4h^{}4}}& ^{q^{4h^{}2}}\\ 2& 1& 1& \mathrm{}& 1& 2& 1& \mathrm{}& 1& 1\end{array}$$

where the dots mean that the sequence goes on like

$$\begin{array}{cccccc}\mathrm{}& ^{q^{2(k2)}}& ^{q^{2(k1)}}& ^{q^{2k}}& ^{q^{2(k+1)}}& \mathrm{}\\ \mathrm{}& 1& 1& 1& 1& \mathrm{}\end{array}$$

except at $`1`$ and $`q^{2h^{}}`$.

The corresponding version of Lemma 4.5 is

###### Lemma 6.4.

For any $`w^{}`$, $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$ is linked to $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m,w,q^{r^{}h^{}}w)`$. In particular $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$ is linked to $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_{j1},z_jq^{2r^{}h^{}},z_{j+1},\mathrm{},z_m)`$.

###### Proof.

It is proved analogously to Lemma 4.5 and follows from the fact that $``$ occurs as a constituent of $`Y(w,q^{r^{}h^{}}w)=V(w)V(q^{r^{}h^{}}w)`$. ∎

For the last part of the proof (i.e. the proof that there is no relations between $`\xi _{nn}(zu)`$ other than given by Lemma 6.4), we consider the assignment

$$\xi _{nn}(zq^{2s})v_s:=((1)^s,(1)^{s+1},\mathrm{},1,2,1,\mathrm{},(1)^s)^h^{}$$

for $`s=0,\mathrm{},h^{}1`$. The entries of these vectors are the orders of the singularities of $`\xi _{nn}(zq^{2s})`$ on the sequence $`1,q^2,\mathrm{},q^{2h^{}2}`$.

Remark: Observe that these vectors contain information only about the “first half” of the singularity structure. Since $`V_n`$ is “self dual”, the “second half” is obtained from the first one by a change of signs.

The corresponding matrix $`T_n`$ is the $`h^{}\times h^{}`$-matrix of the form

$$T_n=\left(\begin{array}{cccccc}b& a& a& \mathrm{}& a& a\\ a& b& a& \mathrm{}& a& a\\ a& \mathrm{}& \mathrm{}& \mathrm{}& \mathrm{}& \mathrm{}\\ \mathrm{}& \mathrm{}& \mathrm{}& \mathrm{}& \mathrm{}& \mathrm{}\\ a& a& \mathrm{}& a& b& a\\ a& a& \mathrm{}& a& a& b\end{array}\right)$$

where $`a=1`$ and $`b=2`$. Then $`detT_n=(a+b)^{h^{}1}(b(h^{}1)a)=h^{}+1=2n`$. Thus, the rows of this matrix are linearly independent, and hence there is no additional relations, as desired.

### 6.2 Type $`C_n`$

Here $`r^{}=2,h^{}=n+1`$ and, for $`1ijn`$, the zeros and poles arrangement of $`\xi _{ij}(z)`$ is then given by

$$\begin{array}{cccccccc}^{q^{|ji|}}& ^{q^{j+i}}& ^{q^{2h^{}(j+i)}}& ^{q^{2h^{}|ji|}}& ^{q^{2h^{}+|ji|}}& ^{q^{2h^{}+j+i}}& ^{q^{4h^{}(j+i)}}& ^{q^{4h^{}|ji|}}\\ 1& 1& 1& 1& 1& 1& 1& 1\end{array}$$

The black node in table 1 corresponds to the natural vector representation $`V=V_1`$. Therefore we can restrict ourselves to analysing the singularities of $`\xi _{11}`$

$$\begin{array}{cccccc}^1& ^{q^2}& ^{q^{2h^{}2}}& ^{q^{2h^{}}}& ^{q^{2h^{}+2}}& ^{q^{4h^{}2}}\\ 2& 1& 1& 2& 1& 1\end{array}$$

Lemma 6.4 remains valid as in the $`B_n`$ case. To perform the second step of the proof, we assign

$`\xi _{11}(z)`$ $``$ $`v_0:=(2,1,0,0,\mathrm{},0,0,1)`$
$`\xi _{11}(zq^2)`$ $``$ $`v_1:=(1,2,1,0,0,\mathrm{},0,0)`$
$`\mathrm{}\mathrm{}\mathrm{}`$ $`\mathrm{}\mathrm{}\mathrm{}\mathrm{}\mathrm{}\mathrm{}\mathrm{}\mathrm{}`$
$`\xi _{11}(zq^{2(h^{}2)})`$ $``$ $`v_{h^{}2}:=(0,0,\mathrm{},0,0,1,2,1)`$
$`\xi _{11}(zq^{2(h^{}1)})`$ $``$ $`v_{h^{}1}:=(1,0,0,\mathrm{},0,0,1,2)`$
in $`^h^{}`$. Again, the entries of these vectors are the orders of the singularities of $`\xi _{11}(zq^{2s})`$ on the sequence $`1,q^2,\mathrm{},q^{2h^{}2}`$. Here $`detT_n=4`$ (use the first column to compute it from the type $`A_n`$ case). So again we have no additional relations, and Theorem 3.4 is proved.

### 6.3 Type $`D_n`$

For $`D_n`$ we have $`r^{}=1,h^{}=2(n1)`$. We begin with the case of even $`n`$. We have to consider the two half spin representations that we denote $`V_\pm `$.The singularity structure for $`\xi _{ij}(z)`$ is given by

$`\xi _+=\xi _+:\begin{array}{cccccccccc}^1& ^{q^2}& ^{q^4}& \mathrm{}& ^{q^{h^{}2}}& ^{q^h^{}}& ^{q^{h^{}+2}}& \mathrm{}& ^{q^{2h^{}4}}& ^{q^{2h^{}2}}\\ 0& 1& 1& \mathrm{}& 1& 0& 1& \mathrm{}& 1& 1\end{array}`$
$`\xi _{++}=\xi _{}:\begin{array}{cccccccccc}^1& ^{q^2}& ^{q^4}& \mathrm{}& ^{q^{h^{}2}}& ^{q^h^{}}& ^{q^{h^{}+2}}& \mathrm{}& ^{q^{2h^{}4}}& ^{q^{2h^{}2}}\\ 2& 1& 1& \mathrm{}& 1& 2& 1& \mathrm{}& 1& 1\end{array}`$
The dots here mean the same thing they meant in the $`B_n`$ case.

Recall that we have defined indecomposable representations $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m|w_1,\mathrm{},w_l)`$. The elliptic central character of $`Y=Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m|w_1,\mathrm{},w_l)`$ is determined by the pair

$$(\xi _{V_+}(z)|_Y,\xi _V_{}(z)|_Y)=(\underset{i,j=1}{\overset{m,l}{}}\xi _{++}\left(\frac{z}{z_i}\right)\xi _+\left(\frac{z}{w_j}\right),\underset{i,j=1}{\overset{m,l}{}}\xi _+\left(\frac{z}{z_i}\right)\xi _{}\left(\frac{z}{w_j}\right))(E)\times (E)$$
(6.1)
###### Lemma 6.5.

1. For any $`u^{}`$, $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m|w_1,\mathrm{},w_l)`$ is linked to $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m,u,q^h^{}u|w_1,\mathrm{},w_l)`$ and to $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m|w_1,\mathrm{},w_l,u,q^h^{}u)`$. In particular, we conclude that $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m|w_1,\mathrm{},w_l)`$ is linked to $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_iq^{2h^{}},\mathrm{},z_m|w_1,\mathrm{},w_l)`$ and to $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m|w_1,\mathrm{},w_jq^{2h^{}},\mathrm{},w_l)`$.
2. $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m,u,uq^2|w_1,\mathrm{},w_l,uq^h^{},uq^{2+h^{}})`$ is linked to $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m|w_1,\mathrm{},w_l)`$.

###### Proof.

The first is proved exactly as in the $`B_n`$ case since $`V_\pm ^{}V_\pm (q^h^{})`$. The second follows from the fact that $`V_+V_+(q^2)`$ and $`V_{}V_{}(q^2)`$ have $`V_{n2}(q)`$ as a subrepresentation  and because $`V_{n2}^{}V_{n2}(q^h^{})`$. ∎

Remark: Adding or removing sequences of the form $`(u,uq^2|uq^h^{},uq^{2+h^{}})`$, it is easy to show that $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m,u,uq^{2(2k1)}|w_1,\mathrm{},w_l,uq^h^{},uq^{2(2k1)+h^{}})`$ is linked to $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m|w_1,\mathrm{},w_l)`$, for $`k=1,\mathrm{},(n2)/2=(\frac{h^{}}{2}1)/2`$.

Now we have to show that the multiplicative relations between $`\xi _{++}(zq^{2s}),\xi _{}(zq^{2s})`$ and $`\xi _\pm (zq^{2s})`$, for $`s=0,\mathrm{},\frac{h^{}}{2}1`$, are expressed via the transformations of lemma 6.5. Since $`\xi _{++}(z)=\xi _{}(z)`$ and $`\xi _\pm (z)=\xi _\pm (z)`$, we are left to check the relations between $`\xi _{++}(zq^{2s})`$ and $`\xi _+(zq^{2s})`$. Consider the group $`^{\frac{h^{}}{2}}`$ and set

$`\xi _{++}(q^{2s}z)v_s:=((1)^s,(1)^{s+1},\mathrm{},1,2,1,\mathrm{},(1)^s)`$ (6.2)
$`\xi _+(q^{2s}z)w_s:=((1)^{s+1},(1)^s,\mathrm{},1,0,1,\mathrm{},(1)^{s+1})`$ (6.3)
Proceeding as in the $`B_n`$ case, we can show that the $`\xi _{++}(zq^{2s})`$, are multiplicatively independent (the corresponding matrix $`T_n`$ is of the same form). The same is true for the $`\xi _+(zq^{2s})`$ (using the same arguments). Then, keeping (6.1) in mind, we are left to find coefficients $`a_s,a_s^{}`$ such that

$$\underset{s=0}{\overset{\frac{h^{}}{2}1}{}}a_sv_s=\underset{s=0}{\overset{\frac{h^{}}{2}1}{}}a_s^{}w_s\text{and}\underset{s=0}{\overset{\frac{h^{}}{2}1}{}}a_s^{}v_s=\underset{s=0}{\overset{\frac{h^{}}{2}1}{}}a_sw_s$$
(6.4)
But it is easy to see that we must have $`a_s=a_s^{}`$ and, consequently, that $`_s(1)^sa_s=0`$. We have the following basis of solutions

$$(a_0,a_1,\mathrm{},a_{l1},a_l,a_{l+1},\mathrm{},a_{\frac{h^{}}{2}1})=(1,0,\mathrm{},0,(1)^{l+1},0,\mathrm{},0)$$
(6.5)
But these are exactly the transformations in the remark after lemma 6.5.

In the odd case the elliptic central character is determined by its value on one of the half spin representations, $`V_n`$. The singularity structure for $`\xi _{nn}(z)`$ is given by the picture

$`\begin{array}{cccccccccc}^1& ^{q^2}& ^{q^4}& \mathrm{}& ^{q^{h^{}2}}& ^{q^h^{}}& ^{q^{h^{}+2}}& \mathrm{}& ^{q^{2h^{}4}}& ^{q^{2h^{}2}}\\ 2& 1& 1& \mathrm{}& 1& 0& 1& \mathrm{}& 1& 1\end{array}`$
###### Lemma 6.6.

$`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m,u,uq^2,uq^h^{},uq^{h^{}+2})`$ is linked to $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$. Hence $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$ is linked to $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_{j1},z_jq^{2h^{}},z_{j+1},\mathrm{},z_m)`$.

###### Proof.

Exactly as the proof of part (b) of lemma 6.5. ∎

Now we have to check that the relations between $`\xi _{nn}(zq^{2s})`$, for $`0s<h^{}`$, are expressed by the transformations of lemma 6.6. We consider the group $`^h^{}`$ and the vectors

$`v_k`$ $`=`$ $`((1)^k,(1)^{k+1},\mathrm{},1,2,1,\mathrm{},(1)^{k+1})`$ (6.6)
$`w_k`$ $`=`$ $`((1)^k,(1)^{k+1},\mathrm{},1,0,1,\mathrm{},(1)^{k+1})`$ (6.7)
in $`^{h^{}/2}`$, for $`k=0,\mathrm{},\frac{h^{}}{2}1=n2`$, and assign to $`\xi _{nn}(zq^{2s})`$ the vector $`u_s^h^{}`$ given by $`u_s:=(v_s,w_s)`$, if $`s<\frac{h^{}}{2}`$, or by $`u_s:=(w_{s\frac{h^{}}{2}},v_{s\frac{h^{}}{2}})`$, if $`s\frac{h^{}}{2}`$. The corresponding matrix $`T_n`$ is the $`h^{}\times h^{}`$-matrix of the form

$$T_n=\left(\begin{array}{cc}\overline{T}_n& \dot{T}_n\\ \dot{T}_n& \overline{T}_n\end{array}\right)$$

where the rows of $`\overline{T}_n`$ are the vectors $`v_k`$ and the rows of $`\dot{T}_n`$ are the $`w_k`$. By the discussion of the even case we know that the sets $`\{v_k\}`$ and $`\{w_k\}`$ are linearly independent. In fact one can show that the rank of $`T_n`$ is $`\frac{h^{}}{2}+1=n`$. The linear relations between the two sets of vectors are similar to that of the even case and have the form,

$$u_0+u_{\frac{h^{}}{2}}+(1)^{k+1}(u_k+u_{\frac{h^{}}{2}+k})=0,k=1,\mathrm{},\frac{h^{}}{2}1$$
(6.8)
Similarly to the remark after lemma 6.5, one shows that these relations are all obtained from the one in lemma 6.6 (here will be used that $`V_n^{}V_{n1}(q^h^{})`$).

### 6.4 Type $`E_n`$

$`E_6`$

The dual Coxeter number is $`h^{}=12`$ and $`r^{}=1`$. The black node corresponds to one of the 27-dimensional fundamental representations. The singularity structure for $`\xi _{11}(z)`$ is

$$\begin{array}{ccccccc}^1& ^{q^2}& ^{q^4}& ^{q^6}& ^{q^8}& ^{q^{10}}& ^{q^{12}}\\ 2& 1& 0& 1& 1& 0& 0\end{array}\begin{array}{ccccc}^{q^{14}}& ^{q^{16}}& ^{q^{18}}& ^{q^{20}}& ^{q^{22}}\\ 0& 1& 1& 0& 1\end{array}$$

###### Lemma 6.7.

1. $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m,w,wq^8,wq^{16})`$ is linked to $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$. In particular $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$ is linked to $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_{j1},z_jq^{24},z_{j+1},\mathrm{},z_m)`$.
2. $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m,w,wq^2,wq^{10},wq^{12})`$ is linked to $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m,wq^6)`$.

###### Proof.

Item (a) follows since $`V_5(q^4)`$ is a subrepresentation of $`V_1V_1(q^8)`$  and because $`V_1^{}V_5(q^{12})`$. For item (b) we will use a sequence of subrepresentations, all of them computed in . By part (a), $`V_1(q^2)V_1(q^{10})`$ has $`V_5(q^6)`$ as a subrepresentation and, consequently, $`V_1V_1(q^2)V_1(q^{10})V_1(q^{12})`$ has $`V_1V_5(q^6)V_1(q^{12})`$ as a subrepresentation. Now, $`V_6(q^3)`$ is a subrepresentation of $`V_1V_5(q^6)`$ and we get that $`V_1V_6(q^9)`$ is a subrepresentation of $`V_1V_5(q^6)V_1(q^{12})`$. Finally we get $`V_1(q^6)`$ as subrepresentation of $`V_1V_6(q^9)`$. ∎

Remark: All these subrepresentation relations can be obtained studying tensor product decompositions and the singularity structure of the elliptic central character. This will be the procedure to prove theorem 6.1 for the remaining $`𝔤`$.

The combinatorics part is in the group $`^{12}`$. We consider the vectors $`v_0,\mathrm{},v_{11}`$ obtained from

$$v_0=(2,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1)$$

by cyclic permutation of the coordinates, corresponding to $`\xi _{11}(zq^{2s})`$, where the entries of $`v_s`$ have the usual meaning. The rank of the (12x12)-matrix $`T_n`$ thus obtained is 6. We first eliminate the linear relations related to item (a) of lemma 6.7. They are

$$v_k+v_{k+4}+v_{k+8}=0$$
(6.9)
for $`k=0,1,2,3`$. Removing $`v_8,\mathrm{},v_{11}`$ from our set of vectors, we check that the remaining vectors $`v_0,\mathrm{},v_7`$ satisfy the following linear relations

$$v_{k+3}=v_k+v_{k+1}+v_{k+5}+v_{k+6}$$
(6.10)
for $`k=0,1`$. This is exactly part (b) of lemma 6.7. Since the vectors $`v_0,\mathrm{},v_5`$ are linearly independent, the proof is complete.

Remark: The rank and the kernel of the corresponding matrix $`T_n`$ for $`𝔢_n`$ and $`𝔣_4`$ were computed using the computer software Mathematica.

$`E_7`$

Here $`h^{}=18`$. The black node corresponds to the affinization of the 56-dimensional fundamental representation. We list the singularities of $`\xi _{11}`$ and $`\xi _{16}`$. These are the two we need to prove Theorem 3.4. To prove Theorem 6.1 we will need to analyse other $`\xi _{1j}(z)`$, but they can be read from the matrices $`M(q)`$ in the appendix.

$`\xi _{11}:\begin{array}{cccccccccc}^1& ^{q^2}& ^{q^8}& ^{q^{10}}& ^{q^{16}}& ^{q^{18}}& ^{q^{20}}& ^{q^{26}}& ^{q^{28}}& ^{q^{34}}\\ 2& 1& 1& 1& 1& 2& 1& 1& 1& 1\end{array}`$
$`\xi _{16}:\begin{array}{cccccccc}^{q^5}& ^{q^7}& ^{q^{11}}& ^{q^{13}}& ^{q^{23}}& ^{q^{25}}& ^{q^{29}}& ^{q^{31}}\\ 1& 1& 1& 1& 1& 1& 1& 1\end{array}`$
We begin by proving Theorem 6.1. We denote the finite dimensional representation of $`U_q(𝔢_7)`$ with highest weight $`\lambda `$ by $`V_\lambda ^f`$. It is known that $`V_1^f`$ is affinizable, i.e., the $`U_q(\widehat{𝔢}_7)`$ fundamental representation $`V_1`$ is isomorphic to $`V_1^f`$ as a $`U_q(𝔢_7)`$-module. Now

$$V_1^fV_1^fV_{2\omega _1}^fV_2^fV_6^f$$
(6.11)
Using Corollary 5.5 we see that the normalized R-matrix is not invertible at $`q^2,q^{10}`$ and $`q^{18}`$. The associated elliptic central characters for these cases are, respectively, the same as the elliptic central characters as $`V_2(q),V_6(q^5)`$ and $``$, respectively. In fact these are subrepresentations : by (6.11) and the associated elliptic central character, the kernel of $`P\overline{R}_{V_1,V_1}(q^2)`$ must be of the form $`V_2(q^{1+36k})`$ for some $`k`$. To conclude that $`k=0`$, one use corollary 5.6 with $`i=j=1,r=2`$ and $`m=1`$. The story for $`V_6(q^5)`$ is exactly the same. The affinization of $`V_6^f`$ (which corresponds to the adjoint representation of $`𝔢_7`$) is isomorphic to $`V_6^f`$ and thus we have

$$V_6V_6(w)V_{2\omega _6}^fV_5^fV_2^f3V_6^f2$$

The R-matrix is non invertible when $`w=q^2,q^8,q^{12},q^{18}`$. We proceed as before to check that $`V_5(q)`$ is a subrepresentation of $`V_6V_6(q^2)`$. This is the only new fundamental representation we get here. Then we go to

$$V_1V_6(w)V_{\omega _1+\omega _6}^fV_7^f2V_1$$

and the R-matrix is non invertible at $`w=q^7,q^{13}`$. The new fundamental representation we get is $`V_7(q^4)`$ as a subrepresentation of $`V_1V_6(q^7)`$.

Remark: For the next tensor product we will need the following important observations. All the possible affinizations of $`V_{\omega _1+\omega _6}^f`$ (denoted by $`V_{\omega _1+\omega _6}[w](u)`$) occur as (shifts) of subquotients of $`V_1(u)V_6(wu)`$. Therefore, all possible $`\xi _{V_1}(z)|_{V_{\omega _1+\omega _6}[w](u)}`$ are of the form $`\xi _{11}(z/u)\xi _{16}(z/wu)`$.

We now study the tensor product $`V_1V_2(w)`$. The affinization of $`V_2^f`$ is isomorphic to $`V_2^fV_6^f`$. We have

$$V_1V_2(w)V_{\omega _1+\omega _2}^fV_3^f2V_{\omega _1+\omega _6}^f2V_7^f3V_1^f$$

The values of $`w`$ where $`V_1V_2(w)`$ has a subrepresentation not containing the highest weight component are $`q^3,q^{11}`$ and $`q^{17}`$ and, at these points, the corresponding elliptic central characters are those of $`V_3(q^2),V_7(q^8)`$ and $`V_1(q^{16})`$. By the last remark we know that all possible elliptic central characters of $`V_{\omega _1+\omega _6}[w](u)`$ at $`V_1`$ are of the form $`\xi _{11}(z/u)\xi _{16}(z/wu)`$. One checks now that this will never produce the elliptic central character of $`V_3(x)`$ for any $`x`$ and, therefore, we do get $`V_3(q^2)`$ as a subrepresentation. To complete the proof of Theorem 6.1 we need to get $`V_4`$. This is done as before using that

$$V_1^fV_3^fV_{\omega _1+\omega _3}^fV_4^fV_{\omega _2+\omega _6}^fV_{\omega _1+\omega _7}^fV_5^fV_2^f$$

Thus $`V_4(q^3)`$ occurs as subrepresentation of $`V_1V_3(q^4)`$.

Remark: The tensor product decompositions for $`𝔢_7`$ and $`𝔢_8`$ were computed using the computer package LiE (http://wwwmathlabo.univ-poitiers.fr/ maavl/LiE).

Now we proceed with the proof of Theorem 3.4.

###### Lemma 6.8.

1. For any $`w^{}`$, $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$ is linked to $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m,w,wq^{18})`$. In particular $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$ is linked to $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_{j1},z_jq^{36},z_{j+1},\mathrm{},z_m)`$.
2. $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m,w,wq^2,wq^{12},wq^{14},wq^{24},wq^{26})`$ is linked to $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$.

###### Proof.

Part (a) is clear from $`V_1^{}V_1(q^{18})`$. Let us prove (b). Using that $`V_6(q^5)`$ is a subrepresentation of $`V_1V_1(q^{10})`$ we find that $`V_1V_6(q^7)V_6(q^{19})`$ is a subrepresentation of $`V_1V_1(q^2)V_1(q^{12})V_1(q^{14})V_1(q^{24})`$. Now use that $`V_6(q^6)`$ is a subrepresentation of $`V_6V_6(q^{12})`$ to get that $`V_1V_6(q^{13})`$ is a subrepresentation of $`V_1V_6(q^7)V_6(q^{19})`$. Since $`V_1(q^8)`$ is a subrepresentation of $`V_1V_6(q^{13})`$ and $`V_1(q^{26})V_1(q^8)^{}`$, we have $`V_1V_1(q^2)V_1(q^{12})V_1(q^{14})V_1(q^{24})V_1(q^{26})`$, so we are done. ∎

We now consider the group $`^9`$ and the vectors $`v_0,\mathrm{},v_8`$ corresponding to $`\xi _{11}(zq^{2s})`$ as usual (the entries are the orders of the singularities of $`\xi _{11}(zq^{2s})`$ on the sequence $`1,q^2,\mathrm{},q^{16}`$). The matrix $`T_n`$ has rank 7 and the non-trivial linear relations are

$$v_k+v_{k+1}+v_{k+6}+v_{k+7}v_{k+3}v_{k+4}=0$$
(6.12)
for $`k=0,1`$. These relations are implemented by part (b) of lemma 6.8, so Theorem 3.4 is proved.

$`E_8`$

For $`𝔢_8`$ $`h^{}=30`$ and $`r^{}=1`$. The black node corresponds to the affinization of the adjoint representation. The singularity structures for $`\xi _{11}`$ and $`\xi _{17}`$ are respectively

$`\begin{array}{ccccccccc}^1& ^{q^2}& ^{q^{10}}& ^{q^{12}}& ^{q^{18}}& ^{q^{20}}& ^{q^{28}}& ^{q^{30}}& ^{q^{32}}\\ 2& 1& 1& 1& 1& 1& 1& 2& 1\end{array}\begin{array}{ccccc}^{q^{40}}& ^{q^{42}}& ^{q^{48}}& ^{q^{50}}& ^{q^{58}}\\ 1& 1& 1& 1& 1\end{array}`$
$`\begin{array}{cccccccc}^{q^6}& ^{q^8}& ^{q^{12}}& ^{q^{14}}& ^{q^{16}}& ^{q^{18}}& ^{q^{22}}& ^{q^{24}}\\ 1& 1& 1& 1& 1& 1& 1& 1\end{array}\begin{array}{cccccccc}^{q^{36}}& ^{q^{38}}& ^{q^{42}}& ^{q^{44}}& ^{q^{46}}& ^{q^{48}}& ^{q^{52}}& ^{q^{54}}\\ 1& 1& 1& 1& 1& 1& 1& 1\end{array}`$
Theorem 6.1 is proved as in the $`𝔢_7`$ case using the following relations

$$V_2(q)V_1V_1(q^2)V_7(q^6)V_1V_1(q^{12})V_1(q^{10})V_1V_1(q^{20})$$

$$V_8(q^5)V_1V_7(q^8)V_6(q)V_7V_7(q^2)V_3(q^2)V_1V_2(q^3)$$
(6.13)
$$V_4(q^3)V_1V_3(q^4)V_5(q^4)V_1V_4(q^5)$$

The tensor product decomposition for fundamental representations of $`𝔢_8`$ involves much longer expressions than those we had to deal in the $`𝔢_7`$ case, so we will not write them down completely. We will just write two steps, since we will need them to prove Theorem 3.4. We sketch the remaining steps in the appendix. The first step is the tensor product $`V_1V_1(w)`$. Since $`V_1V_1^f`$ we have

$$V_1V_1(w)V_{2\omega _1}^fV_2^fV_7^f3V_1^f2$$

From this we prove the first line of (6.13) and check that the elliptic central character (at $`V_1`$) of the affinizations $`V_{2\omega _1}[w](u)`$ coincides with that of a fundamental representation only when $`w\{q^{\pm 2},q^{\pm 12},q^{\pm 20}\}`$ (modulo $`q^{60}`$), when it has the elliptic central character of $`V_2(q^{\pm 1}),V_7(q^{\pm 6})`$ or $`V_1(q^{\pm 10})`$, respectively. The proof that these are really subrepresentations when $`w\{q^2,q^{12},q^{20}\}`$, is analogous to the one we did for $`𝔢_7`$.

In the second step we consider $`V_1V_7(w)`$. Since $`V_7V_7^fV_1^f`$ we have

$$V_1V_7(w)V_{\omega _1+\omega _7}^fV_8^fV_{2\omega _1}^f2V_2^f3V_7^f4V_1^f2$$

The normalized R-matrix is not invertible at $`w=q^8,q^{14},q^{18},q^{24}`$ and the corresponding elliptic central characters coincide with the ones of $`V_8(q^5),V_2(q^9),V_7(q^{12})`$ and $`V_1(q^{18})`$, respectively. Since all other components do not have the elliptic central character of $`V_8`$, we conclude that we really get an affinization of $`V_8^f`$ as subrepresentation, and it must be $`V_8(q^5)`$. We will come back to this tensor product in the proof of lemma 6.9 below.

###### Lemma 6.9.

1. For any $`w^{}`$, $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$ is linked to $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m,w,wq^{30})`$. In particular $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$ is linked to $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_{j1},z_jq^{60},z_{j+1},\mathrm{},z_m)`$.
2. $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m,w,wq^{20},wq^{40})`$ is linked to $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$.
3. $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m,w,wq^{12},wq^{24},wq^{36},wq^{48})`$ is linked to $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$.

###### Proof.

Part (a) is clear from $`V_1^{}V_1(q^{30})`$. Part (b) follows since $`V_1(q^{10})`$ is a subrepresentation of $`V_1V_1(q^{20})`$. Part (c) is more delicate. First $`V_7(q^6)V_1V_1(q^{12})`$ and, consequently, $`V_1V_7(q^{18})V_7(q^{42})`$ is a subrepresentation of $`V_1V_1(q^{12})V_1(q^{24})V_1(q^{36})V_1(q^{48})`$. Let us introduce the notation $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m|u_1,\mathrm{},u_l)`$ meaning a non-resonant reordering of $`V_1(z_1)\mathrm{}V_1(z_m)V_7(u_1)\mathrm{}V_7(u_l)`$. Then we have shown that $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{}z_m,w|wq^{18},wq^{42})`$ is a subrepresentation of $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m,w,wq^{12},wq^{24},wq^{36},wq^{48})`$

Go back to the tensor product $`V_1V_7(w)`$. We cannot conclude whether we have $`V_7(q^{12})`$ as a subrepresentation of $`V_1V_7(q^{18})`$. If it was true the proof would be completed, as $`V_7^{}V_7(q^{30})`$. If it is not true, then we must have, as subrepresentation, an irreducible affinization of $`V_{2\omega _1}^f`$ with the elliptic central character of $`V_7(q^{12})`$. From the analysis of $`V_1V_1(w)`$ we know that this affinization must be a quotient of the form

$$V_1(q^6)V_1(q^{18+60j})V_{2\omega _1}[q^{12+60j}](q^6)$$

Let $`Y(\stackrel{}{z},(w|wq^{18}),wq^{42})`$, where $`\stackrel{}{z}=(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$, denote the corresponding subrepresentation of the original $`Y(\stackrel{}{z},w,wq^{12},wq^{24},wq^{36},wq^{48})`$. We have shown

$$Y(\stackrel{}{z},wq^6,wq^{18+60j}|wq^{42})Y(\stackrel{}{z},(w|wq^{18}),wq^{42})Y(\stackrel{}{z},w,wq^{12},wq^{24},wq^{36},wq^{48})$$

We complete the proof with the following diagram

$$Y(\stackrel{}{z})Y(\stackrel{}{z}|wq^{12},wq^{42})Y(\stackrel{}{z},wq^6,wq^{18}|wq^{42})Y(\stackrel{}{z},wq^6,wq^{18+60j}|wq^{42})$$

The first inclusion follows from $`V_7^{}V_7(q^{30})`$ and the second since $`V_7(q^{12})V_1(q^6)V_1(q^{18})`$. The symbol $``$ denotes a linking relation and is immediate from part (a). ∎

As usual, now we define vectors $`v_0,\mathrm{},v_{14}`$ in $`^{15}`$, encoding the orders of the singularities of $`\xi _{11}(zq^{2s})`$ on the sequence $`1,q^2,\mathrm{},q^{28}`$. The corresponding matrix $`T_n`$ has rank 8. We find the following (linearly independent) relations

$`v_j+v_{j+10}v_{j+5}=0`$ $`\text{for }j=0,1,2,3,4`$ (6.14)
$`v_k+v_{k+6}+v_{k+12}v_{k+3}v_{k+9}=0`$ $`\text{for }k=0,1`$ (6.15)
Relation (6.14) is part (b) of lemma 6.9, while (6.15) is part (c).

### 6.5 $`F_4`$

For $`𝔣_4`$ we have $`r^{}=2`$ and $`h^{}=9`$. The black node corresponds to $`V_1`$, the affinization of the 26-dimensional representation of $`𝔣_4`$. We list the singularity structure only for $`\xi _{11}(z)`$.

$$\begin{array}{ccccccccc}^1& ^{q^2}& ^{q^4}& ^{q^6}& ^{q^8}& ^{q^{10}}& ^{q^{12}}& ^{q^{14}}& ^{q^{16}}\\ 2& 1& 0& 1& 1& 1& 1& 0& 1\end{array}\begin{array}{ccccccccc}^{q^{18}}& ^{q^{20}}& ^{q^{22}}& ^{q^{24}}& ^{q^{26}}& ^{q^{28}}& ^{q^{30}}& ^{q^{32}}& ^{q^{34}}\\ 2& 1& 0& 1& 1& 1& 1& 0& 1\end{array}$$

$`V_1^f`$ is affinizable and we have

$$V_1V_1(w)V_{2\omega _1}^fV_2^fV_4^fV_1^f$$

By Corollary 5.5, $`\overline{R}_{V_1,V_1}(z)`$ is not invertible at $`z=q^2,q^8,q^{12},q^{18}`$. Arguing as in the $`𝔢_7`$ case we prove that the subrepresentations of $`V_1V_1(w)`$, for $`w=q^2,q^8,q^{12},q^{18}`$ are, respectively, $`V_2(q),V_4(q^4),V_1(q^6)`$ and $``$. The affinization of the adjoint representation $`V_4`$ is isomorphic to $`V_4^f`$ and we have

$$V_4V_4(w)V_{2\omega _4}^fV_3^fV_{2\omega _1}^f3V_4^f2$$

As before we get that $`V_3(q^2)`$ is a subrepresentation of $`V_4V_4(q^4)`$ and Theorem 6.1 is proved.

To prove Theorem 3.4 we state

###### Lemma 6.10.

1. For any $`w^{}`$, $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$ is linked to $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m,w,wq^{18})`$. In particular $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$ is linked to $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_{j1},z_jq^{36},z_{j+1},\mathrm{},z_m)`$.
2. $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m,w,wq^{12},wq^{24})`$ is linked to $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$.

###### Proof.

Part (a) follows from $`V_1^{}V_1(q^{18})`$. Since $`V_1(q^6)`$ is a subrepresentation of $`V_1V_1(q^{12})`$, part (b) is proved. ∎

We define $`v_0,\mathrm{},v_8^9`$ corresponding to $`\xi _{11}(zq^{2s})`$. The rank of $`T_n`$ is 6. The linear relations give exactly part (b) of lemma 6.10.

$$v_k+v_{k+6}v_{k+3}=0\text{for }k=0,1,2$$
(6.16)
### 6.6 $`G_2`$

In this case $`r^{}=3`$ and $`h^{}=4`$. The zeros and poles are given by

$`\xi _{11}(z):\begin{array}{cccccccccc}^1& ^{q^2}& ^{q^4}& ^{q^8}& ^{q^{10}}& ^{q^{12}}& ^{q^{14}}& ^{q^{16}}& ^{q^{20}}& ^{q^{22}}\\ 2& 1& 1& 1& 1& 2& 1& 1& 1& 1\end{array}`$
$`\xi _{12}(z):\begin{array}{cccccccc}^q& ^{q^5}& ^{q^7}& ^{q^{11}}& ^{q^{13}}& ^{q^{17}}& ^{q^{19}}& ^{q^{23}}\\ 1& 1& 1& 1& 1& 1& 1& 1\end{array}`$
The black node corresponds to $`V_1`$, the affinization of the 7-dimensional representation of $`𝔤_2`$. $`V_1`$ is affinizable and

$$V_1V_1(w)V_{2\omega _1}^fV_2^fV_1^f$$

Subrepresentations are obtained at $`w=q^2,q^8,q^{12}`$ and they are $`V_2(q),V_1(q^4)`$ and $``$, respectively. This proves Theorem 6.1.

The usual lemma is immediate.

###### Lemma 6.11.

1. For any $`w^{}`$, $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$ is linked to $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m,w,wq^{12})`$. In particular $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$ is linked to $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_{j1},z_jq^{24},z_{j+1},\mathrm{},z_m)`$.
2. $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m,w,wq^8,wq^{16})`$ is linked to $`Y(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$.

Then we consider the vectors encoding the sigularity structures of $`\xi _{11}(zq^{2s})`$ in the sequence $`1,q^2,\mathrm{},q^{10}`$ :

$$v_0=(2,1,1,0,1,1)v_1=(1,2,1,1,0,1)v_2=(1,1,2,1,1,0)$$

$$v_3=(0,1,1,2,1,1)v_4=(1,0,1,1,2,1)v_5=(1,1,0,1,1,2)$$

and observe that $`v_{2+k}=v_k+v_{4+k}`$, for $`k=0,1`$, which is part (b) of the lemma. One easily checks that $`v_0,\mathrm{},v_3`$ are linearly independent to complete the proof.

## Appendix

## Appendix A Sketch of the Proof of Theorem 6.1 for $`E_8`$

The idea of the proof is the following (recall the definition of the set $`𝒫_{ij}`$ in corollary 5.5).

1. Compute the $`U_q(𝔤)`$-tensor product decomposition of $`V_iV_j(w)`$, for already obtained $`V_i,V_j`$, and check that a new $`V_k^f`$ occurs.

2. Compute all possible elliptic central characters (ECC) of $`V_iV_j(w)`$ at $`V_1`$ and check that it will coincide with the ECC of the new $`V_k`$ for some $`wP_{ij}`$.

3. Check that all affinizations of the remaining components never have the ECC of $`V_k`$ to conclude that $`V_k(wq^s)`$ is indeed a subrepresentation of $`V_iV_j(w)`$, for some $`s`$.

It becomes clear that we need the list of the singularity structures for $`\xi _{ij}`$. They can be obtained directly from the matrix $`M(q)`$ given in the section below. The following lemma is helpful.

###### Lemma A.1.

$`V_iV_j(w)`$ has ECC of some $`V_k(u)`$ if and only if $`w`$ belongs (modulo $`q^{60})`$ to $`𝒫_{ij}^{\pm 1}`$.

###### Proof.

First observe that the singularities of $`\xi _{ij}`$ have order $`\pm 1`$ or $`\pm 2`$, and that if order $`\pm 2`$ occurs, it occurs only once and, in that case, $`i=j`$. Hence, for $`\xi _{ii}(z)\xi _{ij}(z/w)`$, coincide with some $`\xi _{ik}(zu)`$, the zero of order $`2`$ in $`\xi _{ii}(z)`$ must be combined with a pole of $`\xi _{ij}(z/w)`$. ∎

Using the periodicity properties of $`\xi _{ij}`$, we see that to find all possible “fundamental” ECC of $`V_iV_j(w)`$, we just need to take $`wP_{ij}`$. In Table 2 we give this list for the pairs $`(i,j)`$ that we will need

Table 2

| Pair | $`𝒫_{ij}`$ | ECC of | Pair | $`𝒫_{ij}`$ | ECC of |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| (1,1) | $`\{q^2,q^{12},q^{20},q^{30}\}`$ | $`V_2,V_7,V_1,`$ | (2,2) | $`\{q^4,q^{12},q^{14},q^{20},q^{22},q^{30}\}`$ | $`V_4,V_6,V_3,V_2,V_7,`$ |
| (1,2) | $`\{q^3,q^{13},q^{21},q^{29}\}`$ | $`V_3,V_8,V_7,V_1`$ | (2,7) | $`\{q^9,q^{19},q^{25}\}`$ | $`V_6,V_2,V_1`$ |
| (1,3) | $`\{q^4,q^{14},q^{22},q^{28}\}`$ | $`V_4,V_6,V_8,V_2`$ | (2,8) | $`\{q^{16},q^{25}\}`$ | $`V_3,V_1`$ |
| (1,4) | $`\{q^5,q^{23},q^{27}\}`$ | $`V_5,V_6,V_3`$ | (3,7) | $`\{q^{16},q^{25}\}`$ | $`V_4,V_6,V_8,V_2`$ |
| (1,6) | $`\{q^9,q^{19},q^{25}\}`$ | $`V_4,V_3,V_8`$ | (7,7) | $`\{q^2,q^8,q^{14},q^{20},q^{24},q^{30}\}`$ | $`V_6,V_8,V_2,V_7,V_1,`$ |
| (1,7) | $`\{q^8,q^{14},q^{18},q^{24}\}`$ | $`V_8,V_2,V_7,V_1`$ | (7,8) | $`\{q^5,q^{23},q^{27}\}`$ | $`V_4,V_7,V_1`$ |
| (1,8) | $`\{q^7,q^{11},q^{17},q^{21},q^{25}\}`$ | $`V_6,V_3,V_8,V_2,V_7`$ |  |  |  |

Recall that we began studying $`V_1V_1(w)`$ and obtained $`V_2`$ and $`V_7`$ as subrepresentations. Then we considered $`V_1V_7(w)`$ and obtained $`V_8`$ as subrepresentation. It is clear that multiplicities do not affect our arguments, so we will list the components and will add a sign “$`\mathrm{mult}`$” at the end to indicate that the remaining factors have already been listed. We continue with

$$V_7V_7(w)V_{2\omega _7}^fV_6^fV_{\omega _1+\omega _7}^fV_8^fV_{2\omega _1}^fV_2^fV_7^fV_1^f\mathrm{mult}$$

$$V_1V_2(w)V_{\omega _1+\omega _2}^fV_3^fV_{\omega _1+\omega _7}^fV_8^fV_{2\omega _1}^fV_2^fV_7^fV_1^f\mathrm{mult}$$

Looking at Table 2 we see that affinizations of $`V_{\omega _1+\omega _7}`$ and $`V_{2\omega _1}`$ never have ECC of $`V_6`$ nor of $`V_3`$ (up to shift). Therefore the kernel of $`\overline{R}_{V_7,V_7}(q^2)`$ must be an affinization of $`V_6^f`$, while the kernel of $`\overline{R}_{V_1,V_2}(q^3)`$ must be an affinization of $`V_3^f`$. We will not use the knowledge of the “$`U_q(𝔤)`$-tail” of $`V_3`$ (i.e. the representations of $`U_q(𝔤)`$ added to $`V_3^f`$ to obtain $`V_3`$). So, for the next tensor product, we will assume that $`V_3`$ has the longest possible “tail”. Then we would have

$`V_1V_3(w)`$ $`V_{\omega _1+\omega _3}^fV_4^fV_{\omega _2+\omega _7}^fV_{\omega _1+\omega _8}^fV_6^fV_{\omega _1+\omega _2}^fV_3^fV_{\omega _1+\omega _7}^fV_8^fV_2^f`$
$`V_{2\omega _1}^fV_7^fV_1^fV_{2\omega _1+\omega _7}^fV_{2\omega _7}^fV_{3\omega _1}^f\mathrm{mult}`$
From Table 2 we see that, at $`w=q^4`$, this tensor product has the ECC of $`V_4`$ and that none of the other components with height-2 highest weight can have this ECC (we use the definition height$`(\lambda )=\lambda _i`$, for a dominant weight $`\lambda =\lambda _i\omega _i`$). We still need to check that this is also true for the height-3 highest weight components. The ECC at $`V_1`$ for these components are of the form $`\xi _{1i}(z/w_1)\xi _{1j}(z/w_2)\xi _{1k}(z/w_3)`$. We used the computer software Mathematica to check that such products (for the $`i,j,k`$ we need) will never coincide with $`\xi _{14}(u)`$. Therefore we must have an affinization of $`V_4`$ as a subrepresentation of $`V_1V_3(q^4)`$. Again assume that $`V_4`$ has the longest possible “tail”. Then

$`V_1V_4(w)`$ $`(V_1^fV_4^f)(V_1^fV_{\omega _2+\omega _7}^f)(V_1^fV_{\omega _1+\omega _8}^f)(V_1^fV_6^f)(V_1^fV_{\omega _1+\omega _2}^f)`$
$`(V_1^fV_3^f)(V_1^fV_{\omega _1+\omega _7}^f)(V_1^fV_8^f)(V_1^fV_2^f)(V_1^fV_{2\omega _1}^f)`$
$`(V_1^fV_7^f)(V_1^fV_1^f)(V_1^fV_{2\omega _1+\omega _7}^f)(V_1^fV_{2\omega _7}^f)(V_1^fV_{3\omega _1}^f)`$
$`V_1^fV_4\mathrm{mult}`$
Using Table 2 and the computer one checks that all terms after $`V_1^fV_4^f`$ never have ECC of $`V_5`$. Now

$$V_1^fV_4^fV_{\omega _1+\omega _4}^fV_5^fV_{\omega _3+\omega _7}^fV_{\omega _2+\omega _8}^fV_{\omega _1+\omega _6}^fV_{\omega _7+\omega _8}^fV_{\omega _1+\omega _3}^fV_4^fV_{\omega _2+\omega _7}^fV_{\omega _1+\omega _8}^fV_6^fV_3^f$$

Use Table 2 again to conclude that we obtain an affinization of $`V_5^f`$ as subrepresentation of $`V_1V_4(q^5)`$.

## Appendix B The Matrices $`M(q)`$

$`A_n`$

$$m_{ij}(q)=\frac{(q^iq^i)(q^{h^{}j}q^{(h^{}j)})}{(qq^1)(q^h^{}q^h^{})}=q^h^{}\frac{(q^iq^i)(q^{h^{}j}q^{(h^{}j)})}{(qq^1)(1q^{2h^{}})}$$

for $`1ijn`$.

$`B_n`$

For $`ij<n`$

$`m_{ij}\left(q\right)`$ $`={\displaystyle \frac{\left(q^{2i}q^{2i}\right)\left(q^{h^{}2j}+q^{\left(h^{}2j\right)}\right)\left(q+q^1\right)}{\left(q^2q^2\right)\left(q^h^{}+q^h^{}\right)}}=q^{2h^{}}{\displaystyle \frac{\left(q^h^{}q^h^{}\right)\left(q^{2i}q^{2i}\right)\left(q^{h^{}2j}+q^{\left(h^{}2j\right)}\right)}{\left(qq^1\right)\left(1q^{4h^{}}\right)}}`$
$`m_{in}\left(q\right)`$ $`={\displaystyle \frac{\left(q^{2i}q^{2i}\right)\left(q+q^1\right)}{\left(q^2q^2\right)\left(q^h^{}+q^h^{}\right)}}=q^{2h^{}}{\displaystyle \frac{\left(q^h^{}q^h^{}\right)\left(q^{2i}q^{2i}\right)}{\left(qq^1\right)\left(1q^{4h^{}}\right)}}`$
$`m_{nn}\left(q\right)`$ $`={\displaystyle \frac{\left(q^{h^{}+1}q^{\left(h^{}+1\right)}\right)}{\left(q^2q^2\right)\left(q^h^{}+q^h^{}\right)}}=q^{2h^{}}{\displaystyle \frac{\left(q^h^{}q^h^{}\right)\left(_{k=0}^h^{}\left(1\right)^kq^{h^{}2k}\right)}{\left(qq^1\right)\left(1q^{4h^{}}\right)}}`$
$`C_n`$

$$m_{ij}(q)=\frac{(q^iq^i)(q^{h^{}j}+q^{(h^{}j)})}{(qq^1)(q^h^{}+q^h^{})}=q^{2h^{}}\frac{(q^h^{}q^h^{})(q^iq^i)(q^{h^{}j}+q^{(h^{}j)})}{(qq^1)(1q^{4h^{}})}$$

for $`1ijn`$.

$`D_n`$

For $`i,j<n1`$,

$`m_{ij}(q)={\displaystyle \frac{(q^iq^i)(q^{n1j}+q^{(n1j)})}{(qq^1)(q^{n1}+q^{(n1)})}}=q^h^{}{\displaystyle \frac{(q^{h^{}/2}q^{h^{}/2})(q^iq^i)(q^{h^{}/2j}+q^{(h^{}/2j)})}{(qq^1)(1q^{2h^{}})}}`$
$`m_{in1}=m_{in}={\displaystyle \frac{(q^iq^i)}{(qq^1)(q^{n1}+q^{(n1)})}}=q^h^{}{\displaystyle \frac{(q^{h^{}/2}q^{h^{}/2})(q^iq^i)}{(qq^1)(1q^{2h^{}})}}`$
$`m_{n1n}={\displaystyle \frac{(q^{n2}q^{(n2)})}{(qq^1)(q+q^1)(q^{n1}+q^{(n1)})}}=q^h^{}{\displaystyle \frac{(q^{h^{}/2}q^{h^{}/2})(q^{h^{}/21}q^{(h^{}/21)})}{(qq^1)(q+q^1)(1q^{2h^{}})}}`$
$`m_{n1n1}=m_{nn}={\displaystyle \frac{(q^nq^n)}{(qq^1)(q+q^1)(q^{n1}+q^{(n1)})}}=q^h^{}{\displaystyle \frac{(q^{h^{}/2}q^{h^{}/2})(q^{h^{}/2+1}q^{(h^{}/2+1)})}{(qq^1)(q+q^1)(1q^{2h^{}})}}`$
$`E_6`$

$$detB(q)=q^6+q^41+q^4+q^6\frac{1}{detB(q)}=\frac{q^5+2q^72q^9+q^{11}+q^{13}2q^{15}+2q^{17}q^{19}}{(qq^1)(1q^{24})}$$

The entries of $`M(q)`$ are of the form

$$m_{ij}(q)=\frac{n_{ij}(q)}{p(q)}\text{where}p(q)=(qq^1)(1q^{24})$$

We now list the numerators $`n_{ij}`$

$`n_{11}\left(q\right)=n_{55}\left(q\right)=1+q^2q^6+q^8+q^{16}q^{18}+q^{22}q^{24}`$
$`n_{12}\left(q\right)=n_{21}\left(q\right)=n_{45}\left(q\right)=n_{54}\left(q\right)=q+q^3q^5+q^9+q^{15}q^{19}+q^{21}q^{23}`$
$`n_{13}\left(q\right)=n_{31}\left(q\right)=n_{35}\left(q\right)=n_{53}\left(q\right)=n_{26}\left(q\right)=n_{62}\left(q\right)=n_{46}\left(q\right)=n_{64}\left(q\right)=q^2+q^{10}+q^{14}q^{22}`$
$`n_{14}\left(q\right)=n_{41}\left(q\right)=n_{25}\left(q\right)=n_{52}\left(q\right)=q^3+q^7q^9+q^{11}+q^{13}q^{15}+q^{17}q^{21}`$
$`n_{15}\left(q\right)=n_{51}\left(q\right)=q^4+q^6q^{10}+2q^{12}q^{14}+q^{18}q^{20}`$
$`n_{16}\left(q\right)=n_{61}\left(q\right)=n_{56}\left(q\right)=n_{65}\left(q\right)=q^3+q^5q^7+q^9+q^{15}q^{17}+q^{19}q^{21}`$
$`n_{22}\left(q\right)=n_{44}\left(q\right)=1q^6+q^8+q^{10}+q^{14}+q^{16}q^{18}q^{24}`$
$`n_{23}\left(q\right)=n_{32}\left(q\right)=n_{34}\left(q\right)=n_{43}\left(q\right)=qq^3+q^9+q^{11}+q^{13}+q^{15}q^{21}q^{23}`$
$`n_{24}\left(q\right)=n_{42}\left(q\right)=q^2q^4+q^6+2q^{12}+q^{18}q^{20}q^{22}`$
$`n_{33}\left(q\right)=1q^2q^4+q^8+q^{10}+2q^{12}+q^{14}+q^{16}q^{20}q^{22}q^{24}`$
$`n_{36}\left(q\right)=n_{63}\left(q\right)=qq^5+q^7+q^{11}+q^{13}+q^{17}q^{19}q^{23}`$
$`n_{66}\left(q\right)=1+q^2q^4+q^8q^{10}+2q^{12}q^{14}+q^{16}q^{20}+q^{22}q^{24}`$
$`E_7`$

$$detB(q)=q^7+q^5qq^1+q^5+q^7$$

$$\frac{1}{detB(q)}=\frac{q^6+2q^82q^{10}+q^{12}+q^{24}2q^{26}+2q^{28}+q^{34}q^{36}}{(qq^1)(1q^{36})}$$

The numerators of $`m_{ij}(q)`$ are

$`n_{11}\left(q\right)=1+q^2q^8+q^{10}q^{16}+2q^{18}q^{20}+q^{26}q^{28}+q^{34}q^{36}`$
$`n_{12}\left(q\right)=n_{21}\left(q\right)=q+q^3q^7+q^{11}q^{15}+q^{17}+q^{19}q^{21}+q^{25}q^{29}+q^{33}q^{35}`$
$`n_{13}\left(q\right)=n_{31}\left(q\right)=q^2+q^4q^6+q^{12}q^{14}+q^{16}+q^{20}q^{22}+q^{24}q^{30}+q^{32}q^{34}`$
$`n_{14}\left(q\right)=n_{41}\left(q\right)=n_{27}\left(q\right)=n_{72}\left(q\right)=n_{36}\left(q\right)=n_{63}\left(q\right)=q^3+q^{15}+q^{21}q^{33}`$
$`n_{15}\left(q\right)=n_{51}\left(q\right)=n_{26}\left(q\right)=n_{26}\left(q\right)=q^4+q^8q^{10}+q^{14}+q^{22}q^{26}+q^{28}q^{32}`$
$`n_{16}\left(q\right)=n_{61}\left(q\right)=q^5+q^7q^{11}+q^{13}+q^{23}q^{25}+q^{29}q^{31}`$
$`n_{17}\left(q\right)=n_{71}\left(q\right)=q^4+q^6q^8+q^{10}q^{12}+q^{14}+q^{22}q^{24}+q^{26}q^{28}+q^{30}q^{32}`$
$`n_{22}\left(q\right)=1+q^4q^6q^8+q^{10}+q^{12}q^{14}+2q^{18}q^{22}+q^{24}+q^{26}q^{28}q^{30}+q^{32}q^{36}`$
$`n_{23}\left(q\right)=n_{32}\left(q\right)=qq^7+q^{11}+q^{17}+q^{19}+q^{25}q^{29}q^{35}`$
$`n_{24}\left(q\right)=n_{42}\left(q\right)=n_{35}\left(q\right)=n_{53}\left(q\right)=q^2q^4+q^{14}+q^{16}+q^{20}+q^{22}q^{32}q^{34}`$
$`n_{25}\left(q\right)=n_{52}\left(q\right)=q^3q^5+q^7q^{11}+q^{13}+q^{15}+q^{21}+q^{23}q^{25}+q^{29}q^{31}q^{33}`$
$`n_{33}\left(q\right)=1q^4q^8+q^{10}+q^{14}+2q^{18}+q^{22}+q^{26}q^{28}q^{32}q^{36}`$
$`n_{34}\left(q\right)=n_{43}\left(q\right)=qq^3q^5+q^{13}+q^{15}+q^{17}+q^{19}+q^{21}+q^{23}q^{31}q^{33}q^{35}`$
$`n_{37}\left(q\right)=n_{73}\left(q\right)=q^2q^6+q^8q^{10}+q^{12}+q^{16}+q^{20}+q^{24}q^{26}+q^{28}q^{30}q^{34}`$
$`n_{44}\left(q\right)=1q^2q^4q^6+q^{12}+q^{14}+q^{16}+2q^{18}+q^{20}+q^{22}+q^{24}q^{30}q^{32}q^{34}q^{36}`$
$`n_{45}\left(q\right)=n_{54}\left(q\right)=qq^3q^7+q^{11}+q^{15}+q^{17}+q^{19}+q^{21}+q^{25}q^{29}q^{33}q^{35}`$
$`n_{46}\left(q\right)=n_{64}\left(q\right)=n_{57}\left(q\right)=n_{75}\left(q\right)=q^2q^8+q^{10}+q^{16}+q^{20}+q^{26}q^{28}q^{34}`$
$`n_{47}\left(q\right)=n_{74}\left(q\right)=qq^5+q^{13}+q^{17}+q^{19}+q^{23}q^{31}q^{35}`$
$`n_{55}\left(q\right)=1q^6+q^{12}+2q^{18}+q^{24}q^{30}q^{36}`$
$`n_{56}\left(q\right)=n_{65}\left(q\right)=q+q^3q^5+q^{13}q^{15}+q^{17}+q^{19}q^{21}+q^{23}q^{31}+q^{33}q^{35}`$
$`n_{66}\left(q\right)=1+q^2q^6+q^8q^{10}+q^{12}q^{16}+2q^{18}q^{20}+q^{24}q^{26}+q^{28}q^{30}+q^{34}q^{36}`$
$`n_{67}\left(q\right)=n_{76}\left(q\right)=q^3+q^5q^7+q^{11}q^{13}+q^{15}+q^{21}q^{23}+q^{25}q^{29}+q^{31}q^{33}`$
$`n_{77}\left(q\right)=1+q^2q^4+q^{14}q^{16}+2q^{18}q^{20}+q^{22}q^{32}+q^{34}q^{36}`$
$`E_8`$

$$detB(q)=q^8+q^6q^21q^2+q^6+q^8\frac{1}{detB(q)}=\frac{p(q)}{(qq^1)(1q^{60})}$$

where

$`p(q)=`$ $`q^7+2q^92q^11+q^{13}q^{17}+2q^{19}2q^{21}+q^{23}`$
$`+q^{37}2q^{39}+2q^{41}2q^{43}+q^{47}2q^{49}+2q^{51}q^{53}`$
The numerators of $`m_{ij}(q)`$ are

$`n_{11}=1+q^2q^{10}+q^{12}q^{18}+q^{20}q^{28}+2q^{30}q^{32}+q^{40}q^{42}+q^{48}q^{50}+q^{58}q^{60}`$
$`n_{12}=q+q^3q^9+q^{13}q^{17}+q^{21}q^{27}+q^{29}+q^{31}q^{33}+q^{39}q^{43}+q^{47}q^{51}+q^{57}q^{59}`$
$`n_{13}=q^2+q^4q^8+q^{14}q^{16}+q^{22}q^{26}+q^{28}+q^{32}q^{34}+q^{38}q^{44}+q^{46}q^{52}+q^{56}q^{58}`$
$`n_{14}=n_{78}=q^3+q^5q^7+q^{23}q^{25}+q^{27}+q^{33}q^{35}+q^{37}q^{53}+q^{55}q^{57}`$
$`n_{15}=n_{28}=n_{37}=q^4q^{14}+q^{16}+q^{26}+q^{34}+q^{44}q^{46}q^{56}`$
$`n_{16}=n_{27}=q^5+q^9q^{11}+q^{19}q^{21}+q^{25}+q^{35}q^{39}+q^{41}q^{49}+q^{51}q^{55}`$
$`n_{17}=q^6+q^8q^{12}+q^{14}q^{16}+q^{18}q^{22}+q^{24}+q^{36}q^{38}+q^{42}q^{44}+q^{46}q^{48}+q^{52}q^{54}`$
$`n_{18}=q^5+q^7q^9+q^{11}q^{13}+q^{17}q^{19}+q^{21}q^{23}+q^{25}`$
$`+q^{35}q^{37}+q^{39}q^{41}+q^{43}q^{47}+q^{49}q^{51}+q^{53}q^{55}`$
$`n_{22}=1+q^4q^8q^{10}+q^{12}+q^{14}q^{16}q^{18}+q^{20}+q^{22}q^{26}+2q^{30}`$
$`q^{34}+q^{38}+q^{40}q^{42}q^{44}+q^{46}+q^{48}q^{50}q^{52}+q^{56}q^{60}`$
$`n_{23}=q+q^5q^7q^9+q^{13}q^{17}+q^{21}+q^{23}q^{25}+q^{29}`$
$`+q^{31}q^{35}+q^{37}+q^{39}q^{43}+q^{47}q^{51}q^{53}+q^{55}q^{59}`$
$`n_{24}=n_{57}=n_{68}=q^2q^8+q^{22}+q^{28}+q^{32}+q^{38}q^{52}q^{58}`$
$`n_{25}=n_{36}=q^3q^5q^{13}+q^{17}+q^{25}+q^{27}+q^{33}+q^{35}+q^{43}q^{47}q^{55}q^{57}`$
$`n_{26}=q^4q^6+q^8q^{12}+q^{18}q^{22}+q^{24}+q^{26}+q^{34}+q^{36}q^{38}+q^{42}q^{48}+q^{52}q^{54}q^{56}`$
$`n_{33}=1q^8q^{10}+q^{12}q^{18}+q^{22}+2q^{30}+q^{38}+q^{40}q^{42}+q^{48}q^{50}q^{52}q^{60}`$
$`n_{34}=n_{58}=qq^5q^9+q^{21}+q^{25}+q^{29}+q^{31}+q^{35}+q^{39}q^{51}q^{55}q^{59}`$
$`n_{35}=q^2q^4q^6q^{12}+q^{18}+q^{24}+q^{26}+q^{28}+q^{32}+q^{34}+q^{36}+q^{42}q^{48}q^{54}q^{56}q^{58}`$
$`n_{38}=q^3q^7+q^9q^{11}+q^{19}q^{21}+q^{23}+q^{27}+q^{33}+q^{37}q^{39}+q^{41}q^{49}+q^{51}q^{53}q^{57}`$
$`n_{44}=1q^4q^6q^{10}+q^{20}+q^{24}+q^{26}+2q^{30}+q^{34}+q^{36}+q^{40}q^{50}q^{54}q^{56}q^{60}`$
$`n_{45}=qq^3q^5q^7q^{11}+q^{19}+q^{23}+q^{25}+q^{27}+q^{29}`$
$`+q^{31}+q^{33}+q^{35}+q^{37}+q^{41}q^{49}q^{53}q^{55}q^{57}q^{59}`$
$`n_{46}=q^2q^4q^8q^{14}+q^{16}+q^{22}+q^{26}+q^{28}+q^{32}+q^{34}+q^{38}+q^{44}q^{46}q^{52}q^{56}q^{58}`$
$`n_{47}=q^3q^9+q^{11}q^{13}+q^{17}q^{19}+q^{21}+q^{27}+q^{33}+q^{39}q^{41}+q^{43}q^{47}+q^{49}q^{51}q^{57}`$
$`n_{48}=q^2q^6q^{12}+q^{14}q^{16}+q^{18}+q^{24}+q^{28}+q^{32}+q^{36}+q^{42}q^{44}+q^{46}q^{48}q^{54}q^{58}`$
$`n_{55}=1q^2q^4q^6q^8q^{10}+q^{20}+q^{22}+q^{24}+q^{26}+q^{28}+2q^{30}`$
$`+q^{32}+q^{34}+q^{36}+q^{38}+q^{40}q^{50}q^{52}q^{54}q^{56}q^{58}q^{60}`$
$`n_{56}=qq^3q^7q^9+q^{21}+q^{23}+q^{27}+q^{29}+q^{31}+q^{33}+q^{37}+q^{39}q^{51}q^{53}q^{57}q^{59}`$
$`n_{66}=1q^6q^{10}+q^{14}+q^{16}+q^{20}+q^{24}+2q^{30}+q^{36}+q^{40}q^{44}+q^{46}q^{50}q^{54}q^{60}`$
$`n_{67}=q+q^3q^5q^{11}+q^{13}q^{17}+q^{19}+q^{25}q^{27}+q^{29}`$
$`+q^{31}q^{33}+q^{35}+q^{41}q^{43}+q^{47}q^{49}q^{55}+q^{57}q^{59}`$
$`n_{77}=1+q^2q^6+q^8q^{10}+q^{14}q^{16}+q^{20}q^{22}+q^{24}q^{28}+2q^{30}`$
$`q^{32}+q^{36}q^{38}+q^{40}q^{44}+q^{46}q^{50}+q^{52}q^{54}+q^{58}q^{60}`$
$`n_{88}=1+q^2q^4q^{10}+q^{12}q^{14}+q^{16}q^{18}+q^{20}+q^{26}q^{28}+2q^{30}`$
$`q^{32}+q^{34}+q^{40}q^{42}+q^{44}q^{46}+q^{48}q^{50}q^{56}+q^{58}q^{60}`$
$`F_4`$

$$B\left(q\right)=\left(\begin{array}{cccc}\left[2\right]_q& 1& 0& 0\\ 1& \left[2\right]_q& \left[2\right]_q& 0\\ 0& \left[2\right]_q& \left[4\right]_q& \left[2\right]_q\\ 0& 0& \left[2\right]_q& \left[4\right]_q\end{array}\right)detB\left(q\right)=q^8+2q^6+q^4q^22q^2+q^4+2q^6+q^8$$

$$\frac{1}{detB\left(q\right)}=\frac{q^6+2q^82q^{10}+q^{12}+q^{24}2q^{26}+2q^{28}q^{30}}{\left(q+q^1\right)\left(qq^1\right)\left(1q^{36}\right)}$$

and the entries of $`M(q)`$ are of the for $`m_{ij}(q)=\frac{n_{ij}(q)}{(qq^1)(1q^{36})}`$, where the numerators are

$`n_{11}\left(q\right)=1+q^2q^6+q^8q^{10}+q^{12}q^{16}+2q^{18}q^{20}+q^{24}q^{26}+q^{28}q^{30}+q^{34}q^{36}`$
$`n_{12}\left(q\right)=n_{21}\left(q\right)=q+q^3q^5+q^{13}q^{15}+q^{17}+q^{19}q^{21}+q^{23}q^{31}+q^{33}q^{35}`$
$`n_{13}\left(q\right)=n_{31}\left(q\right)=q^2q^8+q^{10}+q^{16}+q^{20}+q^{26}q^{28}q^{34}`$
$`n_{14}\left(q\right)=n_{41}\left(q\right)=q^4+q^8q^{10}+q^{14}+q^{22}q^{26}+q^{28}q^{32}`$
$`n_{22}\left(q\right)=1q^6+q^{12}+2q^{18}+q^{24}q^{30}q^{36}`$
$`n_{23}\left(q\right)=n_{32}\left(q\right)=qq^3q^7+q^{11}+q^{15}+q^{17}+q^{19}+q^{21}+q^{25}q^{29}q^{33}q^{35}`$
$`n_{24}\left(q\right)=n_{42}\left(q\right)=q^3q^5+q^7q^{11}+q^{13}+q^{15}+q^{21}+q^{23}q^{25}+q^{29}q^{31}q^{33}`$
$`n_{33}\left(q\right)=1q^2q^4q^6+q^{12}+q^{14}+q^{16}+2q^{18}+q^{20}+q^{22}+q^{24}q^{30}q^{32}q^{34}q^{36}`$
$`n_{34}\left(q\right)=n_{43}\left(q\right)=q^2q^4+q^{14}+q^{16}+q^{20}+q^{22}q^{32}q^{34}`$
$`n_{44}\left(q\right)=1+q^4q^6q^8+q^{10}+q^{12}q^{14}+2q^{18}q^{22}+q^{24}+q^{26}q^{28}q^{30}+q^{32}q^{36}`$
$`G_2`$

$$B\left(q\right)=\left(\begin{array}{cc}\left[2\right]_q& \left[3\right]_q\\ \left[3\right]_q& \left[6\right]_q\end{array}\right)D\left(q\right)=\left(\begin{array}{cc}1& 0\\ 0& \left[3\right]_q\end{array}\right)detB\left(q\right)=q^6+q^41+q^4+q^6$$

$$\frac{1}{detB\left(q\right)}=\frac{\left(qq^1\right)\left(q^7+q^{11}+q^{13}+q^{17}\right)}{\left(1q^{24}\right)}=\frac{q^6q^8+q^{10}q^{14}+q^{16}q^{18}}{\left(1q^{24}\right)}$$

$$M\left(q\right)=\frac{1}{detB\left(q\right)}\left(\begin{array}{cc}\left[6\right]_q& \left[3\right]_q^2\\ \\ \left[3\right]_q^2& \left[2\right]_q\left[3\right]_q^2\end{array}\right)=\frac{1}{detB\left(q\right)}\left(\begin{array}{cc}\left[6\right]_q& \left[3\right]_q^2\\ \\ \left[3\right]_q^2& \left(q+q^1\right)\left[3\right]_q^2\end{array}\right)$$