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# Generators of relations for annihilating fields

## 1. Introduction

J. Lepowsky and R. L. Wilson (cf. \[LW\]) initiated the approach to combinatorial Rogers-Ramanujan type identities via the vertex operator constructions of representations of affine Lie algebras. By using Lepowsky-Wilson’s approach, in \[MP1\] and \[FKLMM\] new series of combinatorial Rogers-Ramanujan type identities are obtained by constructing certain combinatorial bases of standard $`𝔰𝔩(2,)\stackrel{~}{}`$-modules. In both papers the starting point is a PBW spanning set of a standard module $`L(\mathrm{\Lambda })`$ of level $`k`$, which is then reduced to a basis by using the relation

(1.1)
$$x_\theta (z)^{k+1}=0\text{on}L(\mathrm{\Lambda }).$$

The relation (1.1) holds in general for any level $`k`$ standard module of any untwisted affine Kac-Moody Lie algebra $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$. Here $`\theta `$ is the maximal root of the corresponding finite-dimensional Lie algebra $`𝔤`$, $`x_\theta `$ is a corresponding root vector and $`x_\theta (z)=_nx_\theta (n)z^{n1}`$ is a formal Laurent series with coefficients $`x_\theta (n)`$ in the affine Lie algebra $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$ (see Section 2 for notation). The relation (1.1) was studied before in \[LP\], but it is best understood if $`x_\theta (z)^{k+1}`$ is viewed as the vertex operator $`Y(x_\theta (1)^{k+1}\mathrm{𝟏},z)`$ associated to a singular vector $`x_\theta (1)^{k+1}\mathrm{𝟏}`$ in a vertex operator algebra $`V=N(k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)`$, i.e., as an annihilating field of standard modules of level $`k`$ (cf. \[FLM\], \[DL\], \[Li1\], \[MP1\]).

After a PBW spanning set is reduced to a basis, it remains to prove its linear independence. In a joint work with Arne Meurman \[MP1\] a sort of Gröbner base theory is used for proving linear independence. The main ingredient in the proof is the use of relations among annihilating fields of level $`k`$ standard modules

$$Y(r,z)=\underset{n}{}r_nz^{n1},r\overline{R}\mathrm{𝟏}=[L_1]U(𝔤)x_\theta (1)^{k+1}\mathrm{𝟏},$$

“generated” by the obvious relation

(1.2)
$$x_\theta (z)\frac{d}{dz}(x_\theta (z)^{k+1})=(k+1)x_\theta (z)^{k+1}\frac{d}{dz}x_\theta (z).$$

The relation (1.2) arises by writing the vector $`x_\theta (2)x_\theta (1)^{k+1}\mathrm{𝟏}`$ in two different ways, thus obtaining two different expressions for the same field, and the representation theory is used to generate “enough” of other relations for annihilating fields $`Y(r,z)`$, $`r\overline{R}\mathrm{𝟏}`$. In \[MP2\] a similar technique is used to construct a combinatorial basis of the basic $`𝔰𝔩(3,)\stackrel{~}{}`$-module.

By following ideas developed in \[MP1\] and \[MP2\], in \[P2\] a general construction of such relations for annihilating fields is given by using vertex operators $`Y(q,z)`$ associated with elements $`q`$ in the kernel of the map

$$\mathrm{\Phi }:\overline{R}\mathrm{𝟏}N(k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)N(k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0),\mathrm{\Phi }(uv)=u_1v.$$

Due to the state-field correspondence, we shall call the elements in $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Phi }`$ relations for annihilating fields. By using these relations the problem of constructing combinatorial bases of standard modules is split into a “combinatorial part of the problem” (consisting of counting numbers $`N(n)`$ of certain colored partitions of $`n`$) and a “representation theory part of the problem ” (consisting of constructing certain subspaces $`Q`$ in $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Phi }`$ such that $`dimQ(n)=N(n)`$, where $`Q(n)`$ is a space of coefficients of vertex operators $`Y(q,z)=q(n)z^{n\text{wt }q}`$ associated with vectors in $`Q`$). In this paper only a part of the “representation theory part of the problem ” is studied, the main objective being to understand the structure of $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Phi }`$ for general untwisted affine Kac-Moody Lie algebra $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$.

The starting point in this paper are Theorems 3.1 and 3.2, showing that $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Phi }`$ has certain $`(𝐂L_1\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0)`$-module structure and that

(1.3)
$$\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Phi }\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }$$

as $`(𝐂L_1\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0)`$-modules, where

$$\mathrm{\Psi }:U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤})_{U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0+c)}\overline{R}\mathrm{𝟏}N(k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0),uwuw.$$

This makes it possible to use the theory of induced representations of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$, in particular Garland-Lepowsky’s resolution of a standard module in terms of generalized Verma modules. The main results are Theorem 5.4, saying that the $`(𝐂L_1\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0)`$-module $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Phi }`$ is generated by certain (singular) vectors, and for combinatorial arguments more convenient Theorem 6.2, saying that the $`(𝐂L_1\stackrel{~}{𝔤})`$-module $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }`$ is generated by the vector

$$x_\theta (2)x_\theta (1)^{k+1}\mathrm{𝟏}x_\theta (1)x_\theta (2)x_\theta (1)^k\mathrm{𝟏}.$$

Via (1.3) this vector can be seen in the vertex operator algebra $`N(k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)N(k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)`$, and the vertex operator associated to this vector is

(1.4)
$$x_\theta (z)^{k+1}\frac{d}{dz}x_\theta (z)\frac{1}{k+1}\frac{d}{dz}(x_\theta (z)^{k+1})x_\theta (z).$$

The obvious relation (1.2) arises by taking from (1.4) normal order products. So, in a sense, the relation (1.2) generates all relations for annihilating fields of standard $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules of level $`k`$.

Some ideas worked out in this paper come from collaboration with Arne Meurman for many years, and I thank Arne Meurman for his implicit contribution to this work. I also thank Jim Lepowsky and Ivica Siladić for numerous stimulating discussions.

## 2. Vertex algebras for affine Lie algebras

Let $`𝔤`$ be a simple complex Lie algebra, $`𝔥`$ a Cartan subalgebra of $`𝔤`$ and $`,`$ a symmetric invariant bilinear form on $`𝔤`$. Via this form we identify $`𝔥`$ and $`𝔥^{}`$ and we assume that $`\theta ,\theta =2`$ for the maximal root $`\theta `$ (with respect to some fixed basis of the root system). Set

$$\widehat{𝔤}=\underset{j}{}𝔤t^j+c,\stackrel{~}{𝔤}=\widehat{𝔤}+d.$$

Then $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$ is the associated untwisted affine Lie algebra (cf. \[K\]) with the commutator

$$[x(i),y(j)]=[x,y](i+j)+i\delta _{i+j,0}x,yc.$$

Here, as usual, $`x(i)=xt^i`$ for $`x𝔤`$ and $`i`$, $`c`$ is the canonical central element, and $`[d,x(i)]=ix(i)`$. Sometimes we shall denote $`𝔤t^j`$ by $`𝔤(j)`$. We identify $`𝔤`$ and $`𝔤(0)`$. Set

$$\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0}=\underset{j<0}{}𝔤t^j,\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0=\underset{j0}{}𝔤t^j+d,\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0=\underset{j0}{}𝔤t^j+d.$$

For $`k`$ denote by $`v_k`$ the one-dimensional $`(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0+c)`$-module on which $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0`$ acts trivially and $`c`$ as the multiplication by $`k`$. The untwisted affine Lie algebra $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$ gives rise to the vertex operator algebra (see \[FZ\] and \[Li1\], we use the notation from \[MP1\])

$$N(k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)=U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤})_{U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0+c)}v_k$$

for level $`kg^{}`$, where $`g^{}`$ is the dual Coxeter number of $`𝔤`$; it is generated by the fields

$$x(z)=\underset{n}{}x_nz^{n1},x𝔤,$$

where we set $`x_n=x(n)`$ for $`x𝔤`$. As usual, we shall write $`Y(v,z)=_nv_nz^{n1}`$ for the vertex operator (field) associated with a vector $`vN(k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)`$. From now on we shall fix the level $`kg^{}`$, and we shall sometimes denote by $`V`$ the vertex operator algebra $`N(k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)`$.

Recall that $`N(k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)N(k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)`$ is a vertex operator algebra; fields are defined by $`Y(ab,z)=Y(a,z)Y(b,z)`$, the conformal vector is $`\omega \mathrm{𝟏}+\mathrm{𝟏}\omega `$ (cf. \[FHL\]). In particular, the derivation $`D=L_1`$ is given by $`D1+1D`$, the degree operator $`d=L_0`$ is given by $`L_01+1L_0`$, and we have the action of $`𝔤=𝔤(0)`$ given by $`x1+1x`$. Set

$$\mathrm{\Phi }:N(k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)N(k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)N(k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0),\mathrm{\Phi }(ab)=a_1b.$$

It is easy to see that $`\mathrm{\Phi }`$ intertwines the actions of $`L_1`$, $`L_0`$ and $`𝔤(0)`$, so that $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Phi }`$ is also invariant for the actions of these operators. If $`\sigma `$ is an automorphism of $`V`$, then clearly $`\mathrm{\Phi }`$ intertwines the actions of $`\sigma `$ on $`VV`$ and $`V`$.

## 3. Tensor products and induced representations

The vertex operator algebra $`V=N(k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)`$ is an induced $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module, so by restriction it is a $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0}`$-module, where $`x_j=x(j)`$, $`x𝔤`$, $`j<0`$, acts on

(3.1)
$$V=U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤})_{U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0+c)}v_kU(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0})$$

by the left multiplication with $`x_j`$. Since in general

(3.2)
$$(Du)_n=nu_{n1}$$

for $`uV`$ and $`n`$, we have

(3.3)
$$x_{1j}=(D^{(j)}x(1)\mathrm{𝟏})_1=(x_{1j}\mathrm{𝟏})_1$$

for $`x𝔤`$ and $`j_0`$, with notation $`D^{(j)}=D^j/j!`$.

The vertex operator algebra $`V`$ has a Lie algebra structure with the commutator

(3.4)
$$[u,v]=u_1vv_1u=\underset{n0}{}(1)^nD^{(n+1)}(u_nv).$$

This Lie algebra structure is transported from the Lie algebra structure on the Lie algebra $`_{}(V)`$ associated with the vertex Lie algebra $`V`$ (cf. \[FF\], \[Li2\]), via the vector space isomorphism

(3.5)
$$V_{}(V),uu_1$$

(cf. \[DLM\], or (4.14) in \[P1\] with $`U=V`$). By (3.3) the restriction of (3.5) gives a vector space isomorphism

(3.6)
$$\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0}\mathrm{𝟏}\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0},uu_1,$$

and the adjoint action of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0}\mathrm{𝟏}`$ on $`V`$ with the commutator (3.4) is transported from the adjoint action of the subalgebra $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0}`$ on the Lie algebra $`_{}(V)`$. So we have the “adjoint” action $`u_1:v[u,v]`$ of the Lie algebra $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0}`$ on the vertex operator algebra $`V`$, we shall denote it by $`V_{\text{ad}}`$.

Since $`L_1`$, $`L_0`$ and $`y_0`$, $`y𝔤`$, are derivations of the product $`u_1v`$ in $`V`$, they are also derivations of the bracket $`[u,v]`$, and we can extend the adjoint action of the Lie algebra $`V`$ to the action of the Lie algebra $`\left(𝐂L_1+𝐂L_0+𝔤(0)\right)V`$. Since $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0}\mathrm{𝟏}`$ is invariant for $`L_1`$, $`L_0`$ and $`y_0`$, $`y𝔤`$, and

$$\left(𝐂L_1+𝐂L_0+𝔤(0)\right)\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0}\mathrm{𝟏}𝐂L_1\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0,$$

we can extend the “adjoint” action of the Lie algebra $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0}`$ on the vertex operator algebra $`V`$ to the “adjoint” action of the Lie algebra $`𝐂L_1\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0`$ on $`V`$, we shall also denote it by $`V_{\text{ad}}`$.

Let $`WV`$ be a $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0`$-submodule invariant for the action of $`D=L_1`$. Then the right hand side of (3.4), and (3.2), imply that $`W`$ is invariant for the “adjoint” action of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0}`$. By assumption $`W`$ is invariant for $`L_1`$, $`L_0`$ and $`𝔤(0)`$, so on $`W`$ we have the “adjoint” action of Lie algebra $`𝐂L_1\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0`$, we shall denote it by $`W_{\text{ad}}`$.

###### Theorem 3.1.

There is a unique isomorphism of $`(𝐂L_1\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0)`$-modules

$$\mathrm{\Xi }_W:W_{\text{ad}}VU(\stackrel{~}{𝔤})_{U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0+c)}W$$

such that $`\mathrm{\Xi }_W(w\mathrm{𝟏})=1w`$ for all $`wW`$.

###### Proof.

We shall use the identification (3.1). By definition, a linear map

$$\mathrm{\Xi }:W_{\text{ad}}U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0})U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0})W$$

is a $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0}`$-module homomorphism if

(3.7)
$$\mathrm{\Xi }([x,w]u)+\mathrm{\Xi }(wx_1u)=x_1\mathrm{\Xi }(wu)$$

for all $`wW`$, $`uU(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0})`$ and $`x\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0}\mathrm{𝟏}V`$. Since the universal enveloping algebra $`U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0})`$ is a quotient of the tensor algebra $`T(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0})`$, we first define recursively a linear map

$$\mathrm{\Xi }:WT(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0})U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0})W,$$

$$\mathrm{\Xi }^s:WT^s(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0})U_s(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0})W,$$

by setting

$$\mathrm{\Xi }^0(w\mathrm{𝟏})=1w\text{for all}wW,$$

$$\mathrm{\Xi }^{s+1}(wx_1u)=x_1\mathrm{\Xi }^s(wu)\mathrm{\Xi }^s([x,w]u)$$

for $`s=0,1,2,\mathrm{}`$. Then we see that $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Xi }WJ`$ for the ideal $`JT(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0})`$ generated by elements $`x_1y_1y_1x_1[x_1,y_1]`$ for $`x,y\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0}\mathrm{𝟏}V`$:

$`\mathrm{\Xi }^{s+1}\left(w(x_1y_1uy_1x_1u)\right)`$
$`\mathrm{\Xi }^s(w[x_1,y_1]u)`$
$`=\left(x_1y_1y_1x_1[x_1,y_1]\right)\mathrm{\Xi }^{s1}(wu)`$
$`+\mathrm{\Xi }^{s1}\left(([y,[x,w]][x,[y,w]]+[[x,y],w])u\right)`$
$`=0.`$
Here we used the relation $`[x_1,y_1]\mathrm{𝟏}=[x,y]`$ for the inverse of the map (3.6). By passing to the quotient we obtain a $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0}`$-module homomorphism

(3.8)
$$\mathrm{\Xi }_W:W_{\text{ad}}U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0})U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0})W,$$

(3.9)
$$\mathrm{\Xi }_W^s:W_{\text{ad}}U_s(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0})U_s(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0})W.$$

From recursive relations

(3.10)
$$\mathrm{\Xi }_W^{s+1}(wx_1u)=x_1\mathrm{\Xi }_W^s(wu)\mathrm{\Xi }_W^s([x,w]u)$$

we see by induction that $`\mathrm{\Xi }_W`$ is an isomorphism, uniquely determined by the requirement $`\mathrm{\Xi }_W^0(w\mathrm{𝟏})=1w`$. By induction (3.10) implies that the map $`\mathrm{\Xi }_W`$ intertwines the actions of $`L_1`$, $`L_0`$ and $`𝔤(0)`$. ∎

###### Remarks.

(i) Note that, with the identifications made in (3.8), by (3.9) the map $`\mathrm{\Xi }_W`$ preserves the filtration inherited from the filtration $`U_s(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0})`$, $`s_0`$, of the universal enveloping algebra $`U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0})`$.

(ii) Let $`\sigma `$ be an automorphism of $`𝔤`$. We extend $`\sigma `$ to an automorphism of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$ by $`\sigma (x(n))=(\sigma x)(n)`$, $`\sigma c=c`$, $`\sigma d=d`$, and, as well, to $`U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤})`$ and $`V`$. If $`WV`$ is invariant for the action of $`\sigma `$, than $`\sigma `$ acts on $`WV`$ and $`U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤})_{U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0+c)}W`$ in a natural way. Note that $`\mathrm{\Xi }_W`$ intertwines the action of $`\sigma `$, as easily seen from (3.10).

Since $`WV`$, we have maps

$$\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{\Psi }_W:U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤})_{U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0+c)}WV,\hfill & uwuw,\hfill \\ & \\ \mathrm{\Phi }_W:WVV,\hfill & uwu_1w.\hfill \end{array}$$

Note that the map $`\mathrm{\Psi }_W`$ is a homomorphism of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules, and that $`\mathrm{\Psi }_W`$ intertwines the actions of $`L_1`$, $`L_0`$ and $`\sigma `$ (if $`W`$ is invariant for $`\sigma `$). Hence $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_W`$ is a $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module, invariant for $`L_1`$, $`L_0`$ and $`\sigma `$. The following theorem relates $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Phi }_W`$ with induced representations of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$:

###### Theorem 3.2.

The map $`\mathrm{\Phi }_W`$ is is a homomorphism of $`(𝐂L_1\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0)`$-modules and $`\mathrm{\Phi }_W=\mathrm{\Psi }_W\mathrm{\Xi }_W`$. In particular, $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Phi }_WW_{\text{ad}}V`$ is a $`(𝐂L_1\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0)`$-module and

$$\mathrm{\Xi }_W(\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Phi }_W)=\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_W.$$

###### Remark.

Note that $`\mathrm{\Phi }_W=\mathrm{\Phi }|(WV)`$, and likewise $`\mathrm{\Xi }_W`$ and $`\mathrm{\Psi }_W`$ are restrictions of $`\mathrm{\Xi }_V`$ and $`\mathrm{\Psi }_V`$ respectively. In what follows we shall sometimes omit the subscript $`W`$, and write only $`\mathrm{\Phi }`$, $`\mathrm{\Xi }`$ and $`\mathrm{\Psi }`$, whenever is clear from a context which $`WV`$ is fixed.

###### Proof.

First note that for $`wW`$, $`uVU(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0})`$ and $`x\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0}\mathrm{𝟏}`$ we have

$`\mathrm{\Phi }(wx_1u)=w_1x_1u=x_1w_1u[x_1,w_1]u`$
$`=x_1w_1u{\displaystyle \underset{n0}{}}\left({\displaystyle \genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{1}{n}}\right)(x_nw)_{2n}u`$
$`=x_1w_1u{\displaystyle \underset{n0}{}}(1)^n\left(D^{(n+1)}(x_nw)\right)_1u`$
$`=x_1w_1u\left([x,w]\right)_1u=x_1\mathrm{\Phi }(wu)\mathrm{\Phi }([x,w]u).`$
Also note that $`\mathrm{\Phi }(w\mathrm{𝟏})=w=\mathrm{\Psi }\left(\mathrm{\Xi }(w\mathrm{𝟏})\right)`$. By using the filtration $`U_s(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0})`$, $`s_0`$, we see by induction that

$`\mathrm{\Psi }\left(\mathrm{\Xi }(wx_1u)\right)`$
$`=x_1\mathrm{\Psi }\left(\mathrm{\Xi }(wu)\right)\mathrm{\Psi }\left(\mathrm{\Xi }([x,w]u)\right)`$
$`=x_1\mathrm{\Phi }(wu)\mathrm{\Phi }([x,w]u)`$
$`=\mathrm{\Phi }(wx_1u),`$
i.e., we see that $`\mathrm{\Phi }=\mathrm{\Psi }\mathrm{\Xi }`$. ∎

## 4. Sugawara’s relations for annihilating fields

From now on we fix $`kg^{}`$ such that $`N(k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)`$ is a reducible $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module, and we denote by $`N^1(k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)`$ its maximal $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-submodule. Let $`RN(k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)`$ be a nonzero subspace such that:

* $`R`$ is finite-dimensional,
* $`R`$ is invariant for $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0`$ and $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{>0}R=0`$,
* $`RN^1(k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)`$.

The main example we have in mind is for $`k_{>0}`$ and $`R=U(𝔤)x_\theta (1)^{k+1}\mathrm{𝟏}`$. Set

$$\overline{R}=\text{-span}\{r_nrR,n\},$$

where $`r_n`$ denotes a coefficient in the vertex operator $`Y(r,z)`$. Then $`\overline{R}`$ is a $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module for the adjoint action given by the commutator formula

$$[x_m,r_n]=\underset{i0}{}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{i}\right)(x_ir)_{m+ni},x𝔤,rR.$$

From now on we take

$$W=\overline{R}\mathbf{\hspace{0.17em}1}V$$

and we call elements in $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Phi }_W`$ the relations for annihilating fields (cf. \[P2\]). By Theorem 3.2 we may identify the relations for annihilating fields with elements of $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_W`$, which is easier to study by using the representation theory of affine Lie algebras. The first step is to introduce Sugawara’s relations for annihilating fields as elements in

$$N=U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤})_{U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0+c)}WU(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0})W.$$

Let $`\{x^i\}_{iI}`$ and $`\{y^i\}_{iI}`$ be dual bases in $`𝔤`$. For $`rR`$ we define Sugawara’s relation

(4.1)
$$q_r=\frac{1}{k+g^{}}\underset{iI}{}x^i(1)y^i(0)r1Dr$$

as an element of $`U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤})_{U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0+c)}W`$. As in the case of Casimir operator, Sugawara’s relation $`q_r`$ does not depend on a choice of dual bases $`\{x^i\}_{iI}`$ and $`\{y^i\}_{iI}`$. Since on $`V`$ we have $`D=L_1`$, Sugawara’s construction gives (cf. \[MP1\], Chapter 3)

$`L_1r`$ $`={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2(k+g^{})}}{\displaystyle \underset{iI}{}}\left(x^i(1)y^i(0)+y^i(1)x^i(0)\right)r`$
$`={\displaystyle \frac{1}{k+g^{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{iI}{}}x^i(1)y^i(0)r,`$
and we have the following proposition (cf. \[MP1\], Chapter 8):

###### Proposition 4.1.

(i) $`q_r`$ is an element of $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_W`$.

(ii) $`rq_r`$ is a $`𝔤`$-module homomorphism from $`R`$ into $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_W`$.

(iii) $`x(i)q_r=0`$ for all $`x𝔤`$ and $`i>0`$.

Let us denote the set of all Sugawara’s relations (4.1) by

$$Q_{\text{Sugawara}}=\{q_rrR\}\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_W.$$

Our assumptions imply that $`L_1R=0`$, $`L_0RR`$ and $`RDR=0`$. So $`𝔤`$-module $`Q_{\text{Sugawara}}`$ is isomorphic to $`R`$, and by Proposition 4.1(iii) for each maximal vector $`r`$ in $`R`$ the corresponding $`q_r`$ is a singular vector in the $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_W`$.

Our assumptions imply that $`\overline{R}\mathbf{\hspace{0.17em}1}=_{i0}D^iR`$ and we set

$$W_n=\underset{i=0}{\overset{n}{}}D^iR,N_n=U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤})_{U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0+c)}W_n.$$

So we have a filtration of $`N`$ by $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules $`N_n`$, $`n_0`$, and $`N_0`$ is a (sum of) generalized Verma module(s). We denote the restrictions $`\mathrm{\Psi }_W|N_n`$ simply by $`\mathrm{\Psi }_n`$. In particular, we have the $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module homomorphism

(4.2)
$$\mathrm{\Psi }_0:U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤})_{U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0+c)}RN^1(k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0),uwuw.$$

###### Proposition 4.2.

As a $`(𝐂L_1\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0)`$-module $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_W`$ is generated by

$$\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_0+Q_{\text{Sugawara}}.$$

###### Proof.

If $`vN_0\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_W`$, then $`v\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_0`$. Now assume that $`vN_n\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_W`$ for $`n>0`$. Then $`v`$ is a sum of elements of the form

$$v=\underset{u,r}{}uD^nr+w,uU(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0}),rR,wN_{n1},$$

and to each summand $`uD^nr`$ add

$$uD^{n1}q_r=uD^{n1}\left(\frac{1}{k+g^{}}\underset{iI}{}x^i(1)y^i(0)r\right)uD^nr\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_W.$$

Then $`v+uD^{n1}q_rN_{n1}\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_W`$, and in a finite number of steps we get

$$v\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_0+\underset{i=0}{\overset{n1}{}}U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0})D^iQ_{\text{Sugawara}}.$$

###### Remark.

By using (3.4) and (3.7) it is easy to see that for $`rR`$ the corresponding Sugawara’s relation $`\mathrm{\Xi }^1(q_r)`$ in $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Phi }_WWV`$ is

(4.3)
$$\mathrm{\Xi }^1(q_r)=\frac{1}{k+g^{}}\underset{iI}{}y^i(0)rx^i(1)\mathrm{𝟏}+\frac{1}{k+g^{}}D\mathrm{\Omega }r\mathrm{𝟏}Dr\mathrm{𝟏},$$

where $`\mathrm{\Omega }=_{iI}x^i(0)y^i(0)`$ is the Casimir operator for $`𝔤(0)`$.

## 5. Generators of $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_0`$ in the case of standard modules

From now on we consider the case of standard $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules $`L(k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)`$: we take $`k_{>0}`$ and $`R=U(𝔤)x_\theta (1)^{k+1}\mathrm{𝟏}`$, where $`x_\theta 𝔤`$ is a root vector for the maximal root $`\theta `$. In this case the maximal $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-submodule $`N^1(k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)`$ of $`N(k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)`$ is generated by the singular vector $`x_\theta (1)^{k+1}\mathrm{𝟏}`$, so that $`N_0`$ is a generalized Verma module and the map $`\mathrm{\Psi }_0`$ defined by (4.2) is surjective (cf. \[MP1\]). Hence we have the exact sequence of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-modules

$$N_0\stackrel{\mathrm{\Psi }_0}{}N(k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)L(k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)0.$$

We shall use Garland-Lepowsky’s resolution \[GL\] of a standard module, in terms of generalized Verma modules, to determine generators of $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_0`$.

Denote by $`W(\stackrel{~}{𝔤})`$ the Weyl group generated by simple reflections $`r_0,r_1,\mathrm{},r_{\mathrm{}}`$. Note that for $`i\{1,\mathrm{},\mathrm{}\}`$

$$r_0r_ir_ir_0\text{if and only if}\alpha _0,\alpha _i^{}0,$$

and that for $`A_{\mathrm{}}^{(1)}`$, $`\mathrm{}2`$, there are exactly two such $`i`$, for all the other untwisted affine Lie algebras $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$ there is exactly one such $`i`$, corresponding to $`\alpha _i`$ connected with $`\alpha _0`$ in a Dynkin diagram. With the usual notation, for $`wW(\stackrel{~}{𝔤})`$ and a weight $`\lambda `$ write

$$w\lambda =w(\lambda +\rho )\rho .$$

###### Lemma 5.1.

For $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$ of the type $`A_{\mathrm{}}^{(1)}`$, $`\mathrm{}2`$, the $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_0`$ is generated by exactly two singular vectors of weights $`r_0r_ik\mathrm{\Lambda }_0`$, $`\alpha _0,\alpha _i^{}0`$. For all the other untwisted affine Lie algebras $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$ the $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_0`$ is generated by exactly one singular vector of weight $`r_0r_ik\mathrm{\Lambda }_0`$, $`\alpha _0,\alpha _i^{}0`$.

###### Proof.

A generalized Verma $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module $`N(\mathrm{\Lambda })`$, with $`\mathrm{\Lambda }(\alpha _i^{})_0`$ for $`i\{1,\mathrm{},\mathrm{}\}`$ and $`\mathrm{\Lambda }(c)=k`$, may be defined (cf. \[Le\]) as an induced $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module $`U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤})_{U(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0+c)}L`$, where $`L=L(\mathrm{\Lambda }|𝔥)`$ is the irreducible finite-dimensional $`𝔤`$-module with the highest weight $`\mathrm{\Lambda }|𝔥`$, on which $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{>0}`$ acts trivially and $`c`$ as the multiplication by $`k`$. In terms of Verma modules the generalized Verma module $`N(\mathrm{\Lambda })`$ may be written as a quotient

(5.1)
$$N(\mathrm{\Lambda })=M(\mathrm{\Lambda })/\left(\underset{i=1}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}M(r_i\mathrm{\Lambda })\right).$$

By Theorem 8.7 in \[GL\] (cf. Theorem 5.1 in \[Le\]) we have Garland-Lepowsky’s resolution of $`L(k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)`$ in terms of generalized Verma modules

$$\mathrm{}E_2E_1E_0L(k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)0.$$

In our setting one gets $`E_0=N(k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)`$ and $`E_1=N(r_0k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)=N_0`$. In the case when $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$ is of the type $`A_{\mathrm{}}^{(1)}`$, $`\mathrm{}2`$, the $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module $`E_2`$ has a filtration $`0=V_0V_1V_2=E_2`$ such that $`V_1/V_0`$ and $`V_2/V_1`$ are exactly two generalized Verma modules $`N(r_0r_ik\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)`$, $`\alpha _0,\alpha _i^{}0`$. Hence $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_0`$ is generated by one singular vector and one subsingular vector, their two weights being $`r_0r_ik\mathrm{\Lambda }_0`$, $`\alpha _0,\alpha _i^{}0`$. Since $`R`$ and $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_0`$ are invariant for the action of the Dynkin diagram automorphism $`\sigma `$, which interchanges these two weights, both generating vectors must be singular vectors. For all the other untwisted affine Lie algebras $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$ one gets that $`E_2=N(r_0r_ik\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)`$, and hence the $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$-module $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_0`$ is generated by exactly one singular vector of weight $`r_0r_ik\mathrm{\Lambda }_0`$, $`\alpha _0,\alpha _i^{}0`$. ∎

###### Remark.

One can also prove Lemma 5.1 by using the BGG type resolution of a standard module in terms of Verma modules, due to A. Rocha-Caridi and N. R. Wallach \[RW\].

###### Remark.

Singular vectors in Verma module $`M(r_0k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)`$ can be computed by the Malikov-Feigin-Fuchs formula \[MFF\], and by passing to the quotient (5.1) we may find singular vectors in $`N_0=N(r_0k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)`$. In the case $`A_1^{(1)}`$ level $`k=1`$ the singular vector of weight $`\lambda =r_0r_1\mathrm{\Lambda }_0`$ in $`M(r_0\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)`$ is given by the formula

$$f_0^4f_1^1f_0^2v_{r_0\mathrm{\Lambda }_0},$$

with the usual notation for generators of Kac-Moody Lie algebras. This formula gives the singular vector

$$\left(x_\theta (1)^2x_\theta (0)+2x_\theta (1)\theta ^{}(1)6x_\theta (2)\right)v_{r_0\mathrm{\Lambda }_0}$$

in $`M(r_0\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)`$. So we have a generator of $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_0N_0=N(r_0\mathrm{\Lambda }_0)`$

(5.2)
$$\left(2x_\theta (1)\theta ^{}(1)6x_\theta (2)\right)x_\theta (1)^2\mathrm{𝟏}+x_\theta (1)^2x_\theta (0)x_\theta (1)^2\mathrm{𝟏}.$$

We shall determine singular vectors in $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_0`$ in another way.

Let us denote by $`\alpha _{}`$ and $`r_{}`$ the elements $`\alpha _i`$ and $`r_i`$ for which $`\alpha _0,\alpha _i^{}0`$. Then

(5.3)
$$r_0r_{}k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0=k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0\alpha _{}\left(k+1\alpha _{},\alpha _0^{}\right)\alpha _0.$$

Note that $`\alpha _{},\alpha _0^{}=2`$ for $`A_1^{(1)}`$, and $`\alpha _{},\alpha _0^{}=1`$ for all the other untwisted affine Lie algebras $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$. For this reason the case $`A_1^{(1)}`$ is somewhat different, so for now assume that $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}\cong ̸𝔰l(2,)\stackrel{~}{}`$ . Then

###### Lemma 5.2.

$`\theta \alpha _{}`$ is a root of $`𝔤`$ and $`2\theta \alpha _{}`$ is not a root of $`𝔤`$.

###### Proof.

For the type $`C_{\mathrm{}}`$, with the usual notation, $`\theta =2\epsilon _1`$ and $`\alpha _{}=\alpha _1=\epsilon _1\epsilon _2`$, and the statement is clear. For all the other types $`\theta ,\alpha _{}^{}=1`$, so $`r_{}\theta =\theta \alpha _{}`$ is a positive root of $`𝔤`$, and the statement is clear. ∎

Then $`x_{\theta \alpha _{}}=[x_\alpha _{},x_\theta ]`$ is a root vector in $`𝔤_{\theta \alpha _{}}`$, and again by Lemma 5.2,

$$[x_{\theta \alpha _{}},x_\theta ]=0.$$

Since

$$x_\alpha _{}(0)x_\theta (1)^{k+1}\mathrm{𝟏}=(k+1)x_{\theta \alpha _{}}(1)x_\theta (1)^k\mathrm{𝟏}R,$$

we obviously have

$$x_{\theta \alpha _{}}(1)x_\theta (1)^{k+1}\mathrm{𝟏}x_\theta (1)x_{\theta \alpha _{}}(1)x_\theta (1)^k\mathrm{𝟏}\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_0.$$

By (5.3) this vector is of weight $`r_0r_{}k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0`$, and hence by Lemma 5.1 it must be a singular vector. So we have proved

###### Proposition 5.3.

Let $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}\cong ̸𝔰l(2,)\stackrel{~}{}`$ be an untwisted affine Lie algebra. Then $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_0`$ is generated by the singular vector(s)

$$x_{\theta \alpha _{}}(1)x_\theta (1)^{k+1}\mathrm{𝟏}x_\theta (1)x_{\theta \alpha _{}}(1)x_\theta (1)^k\mathrm{𝟏},\alpha _0,\alpha _{}^{}0.$$

Now let $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}=𝔰l(2,)\stackrel{~}{}`$ . We have the Sugawara singular vector

$`q_{(k+1)\theta }=`$ $`\frac{1}{k+2}\left(x_\theta (1)x_\theta (0)x_\theta (1)^{k+1}\mathrm{𝟏}+\frac{1}{2}\theta ^{}(1)\theta ^{}(0)x_\theta (1)^{k+1}\mathrm{𝟏}\right)`$
$`1Dx_\theta (1)^{k+1}\mathrm{𝟏},`$
and the obvious relation

$$q_{(k+2)\theta }=x_\theta (2)x_\theta (1)^{k+1}\mathrm{𝟏}\frac{1}{k+1}x_\theta (1)Dx_\theta (1)^{k+1}\mathrm{𝟏}$$

(cf. \[MP1\]). Then obviously

$$(k+1)q_{(k+2)\theta }x_\theta (1)q_{(k+1)\theta }\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_0$$

is a nonzero vector of weight $`r_0r_1k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0=k\mathrm{\Lambda }_0\alpha _1(k+3)\alpha _0`$, and hence by Lemma 5.1 it must be a singular vector, proportional to (5.2) in the case $`k=1`$.

By combining Theorem 3.2, Propositions 4.2, 5.3, and (4.3), we get:

###### Theorem 5.4.

Let $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}\cong ̸𝔰l(2,)\stackrel{~}{}`$ be an untwisted affine Lie algebra. Then the $`(𝐂L_1\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0)`$-module $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Phi }_W`$ is generated by vectors

$$x_\theta (1)^{k+1}\mathrm{𝟏}x_{\theta \alpha _{}}(1)\mathrm{𝟏}x_{\theta \alpha _{}}(1)x_\theta (1)^k\mathrm{𝟏}x_\theta (1)\mathrm{𝟏},\alpha _0,\alpha _{}^{}0,$$

$$\frac{1}{k+g^{}}\underset{iI}{}y^i(0)x_\theta (1)^{k+1}\mathrm{𝟏}x^i(1)\mathrm{𝟏}+L_1\left(\frac{1}{k+g^{}}\mathrm{\Omega }1\right)x_\theta (1)^{k+1}\mathrm{𝟏}\mathrm{𝟏}.$$

## 6. Relation $`x_\theta (z)\frac{d}{dz}(x_\theta (z)^{k+1})=(k+1)x_\theta (z)^{k+1}\frac{d}{dz}x_\theta (z)`$

We have the obvious relation in $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_W`$

(6.1)
$$q_{(k+2)\theta }=x_\theta (2)x_\theta (1)^{k+1}\mathrm{𝟏}x_\theta (1)x_\theta (2)x_\theta (1)^k\mathrm{𝟏},$$

and the corresponding relation in $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Phi }_W`$ is

$$\mathrm{\Xi }^1(q_{(k+2)\theta })=x_\theta (1)^{k+1}\mathrm{𝟏}x_\theta (2)\mathrm{𝟏}x_\theta (2)x_\theta (1)^k\mathrm{𝟏}x_\theta (1)\mathrm{𝟏}.$$

The vertex operator associated to the vector $`\mathrm{\Xi }^1(q_{(k+2)\theta })`$ in the vertex operator algebra $`VV`$ is

(6.2)
$$x_\theta (z)^{k+1}\frac{d}{dz}x_\theta (z)\frac{1}{k+1}\frac{d}{dz}(x_\theta (z)^{k+1})x_\theta (z),$$

and by taking normal order products we get for the annihilating field $`x_\theta (z)^{k+1}`$ the obvious relation

(6.3)
$$x_\theta (z)^{k+1}\frac{d}{dz}x_\theta (z)\frac{1}{k+1}\frac{d}{dz}(x_\theta (z)^{k+1})x_\theta (z)=0.$$

The relation (6.3) plays a key role in constructions \[MP1\], \[MP2\], \[S\] of combinatorial bases of standard $`𝔰l(2,)\stackrel{~}{}`$ and $`𝔰l(3,)\stackrel{~}{}`$ -modules, and these examples showed that all necessary relations for annihilating fields of standard $`𝔰l(2,)\stackrel{~}{}`$ and $`𝔰l(3,)\stackrel{~}{}`$ -modules can be derived from (6.3), or (6.2), to be a bit more precise. In this section we show that for a general untwisted affine Lie algebra $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}\cong ̸𝔰l(2,)\stackrel{~}{}`$ we can obtain from (6.1), by using the action of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0`$ on $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_W`$, both the singular vector(s)

$$q_{(k+2)\theta \alpha _{}}=x_{\theta \alpha _{}}(1)x_\theta (1)^{k+1}\mathrm{𝟏}x_\theta (1)x_{\theta \alpha _{}}(1)x_\theta (1)^k\mathrm{𝟏}$$

in $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_0`$ and the Sugawara singular vector

$$q_{(k+1)\theta }=\frac{1}{k+g^{}}\underset{iI}{}x^i(1)y^i(0)x_\theta (1)^{k+1}\mathrm{𝟏}1Dx_\theta (1)^{k+1}\mathrm{𝟏}.$$

###### Lemma 6.1.

Let $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$ be the Casimir operator for $`𝔤\cong ̸𝔰l(2,)`$ and $`\lambda =(k+2)\theta \alpha _{}`$. Then

$`q_{(k+2)\theta \alpha _{}}=x_\alpha _{}(1)q_{(k+2)\theta },`$
$`q_{(k+1)\theta }=\frac{k+1}{2(k+2)(k+g^{})}\left(\mathrm{\Omega }(\lambda +2\rho ,\lambda )\right)x_\theta (1)q_{(k+2)\theta }.`$
###### Proof.

Since $`x_\theta (1)^{k+1}\mathrm{𝟏}`$ is a singular vector, and $`[x_{\theta \alpha _{}},x_\theta ]=0`$, the first equality is obvious. To prove the second equality, first note that

$`(k+1)x_\theta (1)q_{(k+2)\theta }=`$ $`(k+2)Dx_\theta (1)^{k+1}\mathrm{𝟏}`$
$``$ $`x_\theta (1)x_\theta x_\theta (1)^{k+1}\mathrm{𝟏}`$
$``$ $`(k+1)\theta ^{}(1)x_\theta (1)^{k+1}\mathrm{𝟏},`$
so that

$$q=(k+1)x_\theta (1)q_{(k+2)\theta }+(k+2)q_{(k+1)\theta }$$

is in $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_0`$. Since $`q`$ is of degree $`k2`$, the same as the degree of singular vector(s) in $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_0`$, $`q`$ must be an element of a $`𝔤`$-module generated by vector(s) $`q_{(k+2)\theta \alpha _{}}`$. Hence $`\mathrm{\Omega }q=(\lambda +2\rho ,\lambda )q`$ and

$`(k+1)\left(\mathrm{\Omega }(\lambda +2\rho ,\lambda )\right)x_\theta (1)q_{(k+2)\theta }`$
$`=(k+2)\left((\lambda +2\rho ,\lambda )\mathrm{\Omega }\right)q_{(k+1)\theta }`$
$`=(k+2)\left((\lambda +2\rho ,\lambda )((k+1)\theta +2\rho ,(k+1)\theta )\right)q_{(k+1)\theta }`$
$`=(k+2)2(k+g^{})q_{(k+1)\theta }`$
gives the second formula. ∎

It is easy to see that for $`𝔤=𝔰l(2,)\stackrel{~}{}`$ we have

$$(k+1)x_\theta (1)q_{(k+2)\theta }+(k+2)q_{(k+1)\theta }=0.$$

Hence, by combining Proposition 4.2, Proposition 5.3 and Lemma 6.1 we get:

###### Theorem 6.2.

Let $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}`$ be an untwisted affine Lie algebra. Then the $`(𝐂L_1\stackrel{~}{𝔤})`$-module $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_W`$ is generated by the vector $`q_{(k+2)\theta }`$.

###### Remarks.

(i) Although Theorem 5.4 describes generators of relations for annihilating fields, for combinatorial applications (cf. \[P2\], Theorem 2.12) Theorem 6.2, in conjunction with Theorem 3.2, seems to be better suited. Namely, what one needs is a description of

$$(\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Phi }_W)_s=(VV)_s\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Phi }_W,$$

where $`(VV)_s`$, $`s_0`$, is the natural filtration of $`VV`$ inherited from the filtration $`U_s(\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0})`$, $`s_0`$. For the corresponding filtration $`(\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_W)_s`$, $`s_0`$, of $`\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_W`$ the subspace $`(\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_W)_s`$ is not preserved by the action of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_{<0}`$, but it is preserved by the action of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0`$. Theorem 6.2 makes one think that $`D^nq_{(k+2)\theta }`$, $`n_0`$, might be generators of $`(\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_W)_{k+2}`$ for the action of $`\stackrel{~}{𝔤}_0`$ ?

(ii) In the case of level $`k=1`$ standard $`𝔰l(3,)\stackrel{~}{}`$ -modules one needs only the relations $`q_{3\theta }`$, $`q_{3\theta \alpha _1}`$, $`q_{3\theta \alpha _2}`$, $`q_{2\theta }(\mathrm{ker}\mathrm{\Psi }_W)_3`$ for a construction of combinatorial bases \[MP2\], \[S\].