text:
# On the spectrum of the Neumann problem for Laplace equation in a domain with a narrow slitThis work was supported by RFBR grants nos. 99-01-01143 and 99-01-00139.

## Introduction

The Neumann problem in a two-dimensional domain with a narrow slit is considered; it is called the perturbed problem in what follows. The slit’s width is a small parameter $`\epsilon `$. In the paper, we construct the complete asymptotics expansions for an eigenvalue converging to a simple eigenvalue of the limiting problem. The limiting problem is the Neumann problem in the domain without the segment which the slit shrinks to. The perturbed problem is singular; the asymptotics series in power of the small parameter for the eigenfunction is valid everywhere far from the endpoints of the segment and it fails near them. Besides, the coefficients of the outer expansion have increasing singularities near the segment’s endpoints. Moreover, below (in § 3) we shall show that the regular perturbation theory can be formally realized in a natural way up to a quantity $`\epsilon ^2`$. However, it turns out that the results obtained in such a way are not valid. Only using inner asymptotic expansion allows us to get correct results. In this paper, the construction of the asymptotics for an eigenvalue and of the uniform asymptotics for an eigenfunction is carried out by the method of matched asymptotics expansions -.

## 1 Statement of the problem and formulation of the results

Let $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$ be a bounded simply connected domain in $`^2`$ with infinitely differentiable boundary $`\mathrm{\Gamma }`$, $`\omega _0`$ be the interval $`(0,1)`$ in the axis $`Ox_1`$, $`\overline{\omega }_0\mathrm{\Omega }`$, $`\omega _\epsilon =\{x:\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}<x_1<1,\epsilon g_{}(x_1)<x_2<\epsilon g_+(x_1)\}`$, where $`0<\epsilon <<1`$, $`g_\pm C^{\mathrm{}}(\omega _0)`$, $`\pm g_\pm >0`$. We assume that in a neighbourhood of the endpoints of the slit $`\omega _\epsilon `$ its boundary lies on the parabolas, i.e.,

$$g_\pm (t)=\pm g^{}t^{1/2}\text{as }t<t_0,g_\pm (t)=\pm g^+(1t)^{1/2}\text{as }t>1t_0,g^\pm >0,$$

where $`t_0>0`$ is some fixed number. We denote $`\mathrm{\Omega }_\delta =\mathrm{\Omega }\backslash \overline{\omega }_\delta `$, $`\delta 0`$, $`\gamma _\epsilon =\omega _\epsilon `$; $`\gamma _0`$ is the cut $`\{x:\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}<x_1<1,x_2=0\}`$ on the plain interpreted as double-sided, $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\delta =\mathrm{\Gamma }\gamma _\delta `$. Under the notation introduced the limiting and perturbed problems can be written in the uniform way

$$\mathrm{\Delta }\varphi _\delta =\lambda _\delta \varphi _\delta ,x\mathrm{\Omega }_\delta ,\frac{}{\nu }\varphi _\delta =0,x\mathrm{\Gamma }_\delta ,$$
(1)
where $`\nu `$ is the outer normal, $`\delta =0`$ corresponds to the limiting problem, and $`\delta =\epsilon >0`$ does to the perturbed problem. It is convenient to consider the solutions of both the perturbed and limiting problem in the class of generalized solutions in Sobolev space $`H_1`$ (see, for instance, ). We use the notation $`H_m(Q)`$ for the Sobolev space of functions on $`Q`$ whose derivatives of order less than or equal to $`m`$ are square integrable.

Note that the Neumann boundary condition on the “outer” boundary $`\mathrm{\Gamma }`$ are chosen for the sake of unambiguousness and it is not principal for proofs used in paper. The only specific (but not principal) consequence of this choice is that the minimal perturbed eigenvalue equals zero.

We denote by $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_\delta `$ the set of the eigenvalues of the problem (1). In the second section, we shall prove the following statement.

###### Theorem 1.

a) If $`K`$ is any compact set in the complex plane such that $`K\mathrm{\Sigma }_0=\mathrm{}`$, then $`K\mathrm{\Sigma }_\epsilon =\mathrm{}`$ for all sufficiently small $`\epsilon `$;

b) If the multiplicity of $`\lambda _0\mathrm{\Sigma }_0`$ equals $`N`$, then $`N`$ eigenvalues of the perturbed problem (with multiplicities taken into account) converge to $`\lambda _0`$.

We denote by $`S_{}(t)`$ and $`S_+(t)`$ the circles of radius $`t`$ and centers at the points $`O_{}=(0,0)`$ and $`O_+=(1,0)`$, respectively. For the sake of brevity we shall use the following notations $`x_{}=x`$, $`x_+=((1x_1),x_2)`$, $`(r_\pm ,\theta _\pm )`$ are associated polar coordinates. Below it will be shown that the limiting eigenfunction $`\varphi _0`$ normalized in $`H_0(\mathrm{\Omega }_0)`$ and associated with simple eigenvalue $`\lambda _0`$ has the asymptotics (as $`r_\pm 0`$)

$$\varphi _0(x)=\varphi _0(O_\pm )+d_\pm r_\pm ^{1/2}\mathrm{cos}\left(\frac{\theta _\pm }{2}\right)+O(r_\pm ).$$

The main statement of the paper reads as follows.

###### Theorem 2.

The asymptotics for the eigenvalue $`\lambda _\epsilon `$ of the perturbed problem converging to a simple eigenvalue $`\lambda _0`$ of the limiting problem and the asymptotics for the associated eigenfunction have the form

$`\lambda _\epsilon `$ $`={\displaystyle \underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}\epsilon ^j\lambda _j,`$ (2)
$`\varphi _\epsilon (x)`$ $`={\displaystyle \underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}\epsilon ^j\varphi _j(x),x\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon \backslash \left(S_+(\epsilon )S_{}(\epsilon )\right),`$ (3)
$`\varphi _\epsilon (x)`$ $`={\displaystyle \underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}\epsilon ^jv_j^\pm \left({\displaystyle \frac{x_\pm }{\left(g^\pm \epsilon \right)^2}}\right),xS_\pm (2\epsilon ),`$ (4)
$`\lambda _1=`$ $`\lambda _0{\displaystyle \underset{0}{\overset{1}{}}}\left(g_+(x_1)\varphi _0^2(x_1,+0)g_{}(x_1)\varphi _0^2(x_1,0)\right)𝑑x_1`$ (5)
$`{\displaystyle \underset{0}{\overset{1}{}}}\left(g_+(x_1)\left({\displaystyle \frac{d}{dx_1}}\varphi _0(x_1,+0)\right)^2g_{}(x_1)\left({\displaystyle \frac{d}{dx_1}}\varphi _0(x_1,0)\right)^2\right)𝑑x_1,`$
$$\lambda _2=\frac{\pi }{8}\left(\left(d_+g^+\right)^2+\left(d_{}g^{}\right)^2\right)+\stackrel{~}{\lambda },$$
(6)
$$v_0^\pm (\xi )\varphi _0(O_\pm ),v_1^\pm (\xi )=d_\pm g^\pm \mathrm{Re}\left(\xi _1+\mathrm{i}\xi _2\frac{1}{4}\right)^{1/2}+\varphi _1(O_\pm ),$$
(7)
$$\varphi _2(x)=\frac{1}{8}\left(d_+\left(g^+\right)^2\psi _+(x)+d_{}\left(g^{}\right)^2\psi _{}(x)\right)+\stackrel{~}{\varphi }(x),$$
(8)
where $`\varphi _1`$, $`\stackrel{~}{\varphi }`$, and $`\psi _\pm `$ are the functions satisfying the statements of Lemmas 10, 11, and 4.14, respectively, $`\stackrel{~}{\lambda }`$ is the constant determined by the equality (34), $`\xi =(\xi _1,\xi _2)`$, and $`\mathrm{i}`$ is the imaginary unit.

The sections 3–8 are devoted to the construction and justification of the asymptotics (2)–(8) (i.e., to the complete proof of the Theorem 2). In the third section, the coefficients $`\lambda _1`$ and $`\varphi _1`$ are defined by the regular theory of perturbation. In the fourth section, on the basis of the method of matched asymptotics expansions the coefficients $`\lambda _2`$, $`\varphi _2`$, and two first couples of the coefficients $`v_0^\pm `$, $`v_1^\pm `$ for the inner expansion in the neighbourhood of the slit’s endpoints are determined. In the fifth and sixth sections, we construct the complete outer and inner expansions (4) and (3), respectively. In the seventh section, it is shown that they can be matched. In the eighth section, the formally constructed asymptotics are justified what completes the proofs of Theorem 2. In the concluding ninth, section we discuss the cases of other boundary conditions on the boundary of the slit.

## 2 Proof of the Theorem 1

For a set $`Q`$ we denote by $`(,)_Q`$ the scalar product in $`H_0(Q)`$. The solution of the boundary value problem

$$\mathrm{\Delta }u_\delta =\lambda u_\delta +f_\delta ,x\mathrm{\Omega }_\delta ,\frac{}{\nu }\varphi _\delta =0,x\mathrm{\Gamma }_\delta ,$$
(9)
where $`f_\delta H_0(\mathrm{\Omega }_\delta )`$ is the element $`u_\delta H_1(\mathrm{\Omega }_\delta )`$ satisfying the integral identity

$$(u_\delta ,v)_{\mathrm{\Omega }_\delta }=(\lambda u_\delta +f_\delta ,v)_{\mathrm{\Omega }_\delta }$$
(10)
for each $`vH_1(\mathrm{\Omega }_\delta )`$. Hereinafter, the function in $`H_0(\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon )`$ are assumed to be continued by zero inside $`\omega _\epsilon `$ and they and the functions in $`H_0(\mathrm{\Omega }_0)`$ are identified with the elements of $`H_0(\mathrm{\Omega })`$. By $`_{m,Q}`$ we denote the $`H_m(Q)`$-norm.

Beforehand we prove an auxiliary lemma being a convenient variant of well-known embedding theorems.

###### Lemma 3.

Let a function $`wH_1(\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon )`$, $`\mathrm{\Pi }(\alpha )`$ be a rectangle $`\{x:\alpha x_11+\alpha ,|x_2|\alpha \}`$, $`\mathrm{\Pi }(\alpha ,\epsilon )=\mathrm{\Pi }(\alpha )\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon `$, $`Q(\alpha )=\mathrm{\Pi }(2\alpha )\backslash \mathrm{\Pi }(\alpha )`$. If parameters $`\alpha `$ and $`\epsilon `$ are such that $`\mathrm{\Pi }(2\alpha )\mathrm{\Omega }`$ and $`\omega _\epsilon \mathrm{\Pi }_\alpha `$, then for all sufficiently small $`\epsilon >0`$ the estimate

$$w_{0,\mathrm{\Pi }(\alpha ,\epsilon )}^22w_{0,Q(\alpha )}^2+4\alpha ^2w_{1,\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon }^2$$
(11)
holds.

###### Proof.

At first let us consider the values $`x_20`$. We set $`\mathrm{\Pi }_+(\alpha )=\mathrm{\Pi }(\alpha )\{x:x_2>0\},\mathrm{\Pi }_+(\alpha ,\epsilon )=\mathrm{\Pi }(\alpha ,\epsilon )\{x:x_2>0\},Q_+(\alpha )=\mathrm{\Pi }_+(2\alpha )\backslash \mathrm{\Pi }_+(\alpha )`$. Due to the density of embedding $`C^{\mathrm{}}(\overline{\mathrm{\Omega }}_\epsilon )`$ in $`H_1(\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon )`$ we may suppose that $`wC^{\mathrm{}}(\overline{\mathrm{\Omega }}_\epsilon )`$. Then for each $`x_1[\alpha ,1+\alpha ]`$ there exists a point $`z[\alpha ,2\alpha ]`$ such that

$$|w(x_1,z)|\frac{1}{\alpha }\underset{\alpha }{\overset{2\alpha }{}}|w(x_1,\eta )|𝑑\eta .$$

Hence, for each point $`(x_1,x_2)\mathrm{\Pi }_+(\alpha ,\epsilon )`$

$$|w(x_1,x_2)|\frac{1}{\alpha }\underset{\alpha }{\overset{2\alpha }{}}|w(x_1,\eta )|𝑑\eta +\left|\underset{x_2}{\overset{z}{}}\frac{w}{\eta }(x_1,\eta )𝑑\eta \right|,$$

$$|w(x_1,x_2)|^2\frac{2}{\alpha }\underset{\alpha }{\overset{2\alpha }{}}|w(x_1,\eta )|^2𝑑\eta +4\alpha \underset{x_2}{\overset{z}{}}|w(x_1,\eta )|^2𝑑\eta .$$
(12)
Let $`\stackrel{~}{g}_+(x_1)`$ be the function that equals $`g_+(x_1)`$ for $`0<x_1<1`$ and vanishes for $`\alpha x_10`$ and for $`1x_11+\alpha `$. If we integrate inequality (12) with respect to $`x_2`$ from $`\epsilon \stackrel{~}{g}_+(x_1)`$ to $`\alpha `$, and after that we integrate the inequality obtained with respect to $`x_1`$ from $`\alpha `$ to $`1+\alpha `$, and we take into account that similar estimates are true for $`x_20`$, then we get estimate (11). ∎

###### Lemma 4.

Let condition a) of Theorem 1 hold. Then

a) the statement a) of Theorem 1 is valid;

b) for each $`\lambda K`$, $`f_\epsilon H_0(\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon )`$ the solutions of the boundary value problem (9) satisfy the uniform estimate

$$u_\epsilon _{1,\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon }Cf_\epsilon _{0,\mathrm{\Omega }}.$$
(13)
###### Proof.

It is easily seen that the equality (10) yields the a priori uniform estimate

$$u_\epsilon _{1,\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon }C_1\left(u_\epsilon _{0,\mathrm{\Omega }}+f_\epsilon _{0,\mathrm{\Omega }}\right).$$
(14)
We prove the item b) by arguing by contradiction. Suppose that there exist sequences $`\lambda ^{(n)}`$ and $`\epsilon _n`$ such that the inequalities

$$u_{\epsilon _n}_{1,\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon }nf_{\epsilon _n}_{0,\mathrm{\Omega }}$$
(15)
hold for $`\lambda =\lambda ^{(n)}`$ and some $`f_{\epsilon _n}`$. Without loss of generality, we may assume that $`u_{\epsilon _n}_{0,\mathrm{\Omega }}=1`$, $`u_{\epsilon _n}u_0`$ weakly in $`H_0(\mathrm{\Omega })`$, $`\epsilon _n\epsilon _0`$ and $`\lambda ^{(n)}\lambda ^{(0)}K`$ for $`n\mathrm{}`$. We also assume that $`\epsilon _0=0`$. We shall prove both the items a) and b) simultaneously. Indeed, if the item a) is wrong, then there exist sequences of eigenfunctions $`u_{\epsilon _n}`$ and eigenvalues $`\lambda ^{(n)}\lambda ^{(0)}K`$ such that $`\epsilon _n0`$. Obviously, inequality (15) is correct for the eigenfunctions. If the item a) is valid, $`\epsilon _00`$ and it is sufficiently small, then $`\lambda ^{(0)}`$ is not an eigenvalue of the problem for $`\epsilon =\epsilon _0`$. Then the uniform estimate (13) follows from the well-known a priori estimates for the solutions of the elliptic equations in a domain with a smooth boundary. Thus, $`\epsilon _n0`$.

From (14) and (15) it follows that

$$u_{\epsilon _n}_{1,\mathrm{\Omega }_{\epsilon _n}}C_2.$$
(16)
Observe that estimates (15) and (16) yield the convergence to zero of $`f_{\epsilon _n}`$ in $`H_0(\mathrm{\Omega })`$-norm. In the proofs of this and next lemmas we denote by $`M`$ any compact set $`M\overline{\mathrm{\Omega }}`$ separated from the segment $`\omega _0`$. We select the subsequence from the sequence $`u_{\epsilon _n}`$ which converges to the function $`u_0`$ in $`H_1`$-norm on $`M`$. For this subsequence we use the former notation $`u_{\epsilon _n}`$. The existence of this subsequence follows from the convergence to zero of $`f_{\epsilon _n}`$ in $`H_0(\mathrm{\Omega })`$-norm and from the well-known a priori estimates for the solutions of an elliptic equation in $`M`$. Note that $`u_0H_1(\mathrm{\Omega }_0)`$ due to the uniform boundedness (16).

Let us show that $`u_0`$ is a solution of the limiting problem, i.e., for each $`vH_1(\mathrm{\Omega }_0)`$ the identity

$$(u_0,v)_{\mathrm{\Omega }_0}=(\lambda ^{(0)}u_0,v)_{\mathrm{\Omega }_0}$$
(17)
holds. By definition, the identity

$$(u_{\epsilon _n},v)_{\mathrm{\Omega }_{\epsilon _n}}=(\lambda ^{(n)}u_{\epsilon _n}+f_{\epsilon _n},v)_{\mathrm{\Omega }_{\epsilon _n}}$$
(18)
holds. By the weak convergence $`u_{\epsilon _n}u_0`$ in $`H_0(\mathrm{\Omega })`$ we deduce the convergence

$$(\lambda ^{(n)}u_{\epsilon _n}+f_{\epsilon _n},v)_{\mathrm{\Omega }_{\epsilon _n}}(\lambda ^{(0)}u_0,v)_{\mathrm{\Omega }_0}.$$
(19)
For all $`\mu >\epsilon `$ we have the obvious equality

$`(u_\epsilon ,v)_{\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon }(u_0,v)_{\mathrm{\Omega }_0}=`$ $`((u_\epsilon u_0),v)_{\mathrm{\Omega }_\mu }`$ (20)
$`+`$ $`((u_\epsilon u_0),v)_{\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon \backslash \mathrm{\Omega }_\mu }(u_0,v)_{\mathrm{\Omega }_0\backslash \mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon }.`$
¿From (20), the arbitrariness in choosing $`\mu `$, the estimate (16), and the convergence $`u_{\epsilon _n}`$ in $`H_1`$-norm on each compact set $`M`$ we derive the convergence

$$(u_{\epsilon _n},v)_{\mathrm{\Omega }_{\epsilon _n}}(u_0,v)_{\mathrm{\Omega }_0}.$$
(21)
Assertions (18), (19), and (21) yield (17).

Let us show that $`u_00`$. Suppose contrary, i.e., that $`u_{\epsilon _n}0`$ in $`H_1`$-norm on each compact set $`M`$. Then from this assumption and estimate (11), the arbitrariness in choosing $`\alpha `$ and estimate (16) we deduce a convergence $`u_{\epsilon _n}0`$ in $`H_0(\mathrm{\Omega })`$, what contradicts the normalization of $`u_{\epsilon _n}`$ in $`H_0(\mathrm{\Omega })`$. Hence, $`u_0`$ is a nontrivial solution of the limiting problem

$$\mathrm{\Delta }u_0=\lambda ^{(0)}u_0,x\mathrm{\Omega }_0,\frac{}{\nu }u_0=0,x\mathrm{\Gamma }_0,$$

what is impossible since $`\lambda ^{(0)}\mathrm{\Sigma }_0`$. The latter contradiction proves the lemma. ∎

###### Lemma 5.

Let $`K`$ be the compact set described in the formulation of Lemma 4 and $`f_\epsilon f_0`$ in $`H_0(\mathrm{\Omega })`$ as $`\epsilon 0`$. Then the solution of the perturbed problem (9) converges to the solution of the limiting problem as $`\epsilon 0`$ in $`H_1`$-norm on each compact set $`M\overline{\mathrm{\Omega }}`$ separated from the segment $`\omega _0`$ and in $`H_0(\mathrm{\Omega })`$-norm uniformly on $`\lambda K`$.

###### Proof.

In view of estimate (13) the proof of the convergence in $`H_1`$-norm for each fixed $`\lambda `$ on each compact set $`M`$ reproduces the proof of previous lemma. From this convergence and estimate (11) we obtain the convergence in $`H_0(\mathrm{\Omega })`$ for each fixed $`\lambda `$. In its turn, the latter convergence and estimate (13) imply uniform convergences in required norms in obvious way. ∎

*Proof of Theorem 1* Recall that the validity of the item a) of Theorem 1 was shown in Lemma 4. Thus, it remains to prove the item b). We denote by $`\mathrm{\Lambda }(\mu )`$ a closed circle in $`\lambda `$-plane with radius $`\mu `$ and center at $`\lambda _0`$. We choose $`\mu `$ sufficiently small to satisfy $`\mathrm{\Lambda }(\mu )\mathrm{\Sigma }_0=\{\lambda _0\}`$. The existence of such $`\mu `$ follows from the item a) of Theorem 1. Let $`\varphi _0`$ be an eigenfunction associated with $`\lambda _0`$. We set $`f_0=\varphi _0`$, $`f_\epsilon =f_0`$ in $`\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon `$ and $`f_\epsilon =0`$ in $`\omega _\epsilon `$. Then by Lemma 5

$$\underset{\mathrm{\Lambda }(\mu )}{}u_\epsilon (,\lambda )𝑑\lambda \underset{\mathrm{\Lambda }(\mu )}{}u_0(,\lambda )𝑑\lambda 0,\epsilon 0.$$

This assertion by the arbitrariness in choosing $`\mu `$ yields the existence of an eigenvalue $`\lambda _\epsilon `$ of the perturbed problem converging to $`\lambda _0`$.

Let us show that the total multiplicity of the eigenvalues of the perturbed problem converging to $`\lambda _0`$ equals $`N`$. We choose sequence $`\epsilon _n0`$ such that for $`\epsilon =\epsilon _n`$ there exist $`L`$ eigenfunctions $`\{\varphi _\epsilon ^{(i)}\}_{i=1}^L`$ associated with eigenvalues converging to $`\lambda _0`$. There is no loss of generality in assuming that they are orthonormalized in $`H_0(\mathrm{\Omega })`$. By analogy with the proofs Lemmas 4, 5 it is easy to show the existence of the subsequence for which $`\varphi _\epsilon ^{(j)}\varphi _0^{(j)}0`$ in $`H_0(\mathrm{\Omega })`$, where $`\varphi _0^{(j)}`$ are orthonormalized in $`H_0(\mathrm{\Omega })`$ eigenfunctions of the limiting problem associated with $`\lambda _0`$. Since the multiplicity of $`\lambda _0`$ equals $`N`$, we have an inequality $`LN`$. Suppose that $`L<N`$. Then there exists an eigenfunction $`\varphi _0^{(L+1)}`$ of the limiting problem orthogonal to $`\varphi _0^{(j)}`$ for $`jL`$. We set

$$f_\epsilon =\varphi _0^{(L+1)}\underset{i=1}{\overset{L}{}}(\varphi _0^{(L+1)},\varphi _\epsilon ^{(i)})_\mathrm{\Omega }\varphi _\epsilon ^{(i)},x\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon ,f_\epsilon =0,x\omega _\epsilon .$$

By definition,

$$(f_\epsilon ,\varphi _\epsilon ^{(i)})_\mathrm{\Omega }=0,iL,f_\epsilon f_0=\varphi _0^{(L+1)},\epsilon 0.$$
(22)
Lemma 5 and assertions (22) yield

$$0=\underset{\mathrm{\Lambda }(\mu )}{}u_\epsilon (,\lambda )𝑑\lambda \underset{\mathrm{\Lambda }(\mu )}{}u_0(,\lambda )𝑑\lambda 0,\epsilon 0.$$

Due to contradiction obtained, $`L=N`$.

###### Lemma 6.

Let $`\lambda _0`$ be a simple eigenvalue of the limiting problem. Then an eigenfunction $`\varphi _\epsilon `$ associated with $`\lambda _\epsilon \lambda _0`$ converges to an eigenfunction $`\varphi _0`$ of the limiting problem in $`H_0(\mathrm{\Omega })`$.

###### Proof.

Let $`f_0=\varphi _0`$, $`f_\epsilon =f_0`$ in $`\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon `$ and $`f_\epsilon =0`$ in $`\omega _\epsilon `$. Then by Lemma 5 and Theorem 1, we get the convergence as $`\epsilon 0`$

$$\alpha _\epsilon \varphi _\epsilon =\underset{\mathrm{\Lambda }(\mu )}{}u_\epsilon (,\lambda )𝑑\lambda \underset{\mathrm{\Lambda }(\mu )}{}u_0(,\lambda )𝑑\lambda =\alpha _0\varphi _00.$$

Hence, $`\varphi _\epsilon \varphi _0`$. ∎

In justification of the asymptotics for the eigenelements constructed in the next sections we need uniform on $`\lambda `$ and $`\epsilon `$ estimates for the solutions of the perturbed problem for $`\lambda `$ close to a simple eigenvalue of the limiting problem. By analogy with Lemmas 4, 5 one can prove

###### Lemma 7.

Let $`\lambda _0`$ be a simple eigenvalue of the limiting problem, $`u_\epsilon `$ be the solution of (9) for $`\lambda =\lambda _\epsilon `$, $`\varphi _\epsilon `$ be an associated eigenfunction and $`(u_\epsilon ,\varphi _\epsilon )_\mathrm{\Omega }=0`$. Then the estimate

$$u_\epsilon _{1,\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon }Cf_\epsilon _{0,\mathrm{\Omega }},$$

holds, where the constant $`C`$ does not depend on $`\epsilon `$.

###### Lemma 8.

For $`\lambda `$ close to a simple eignevalue $`\lambda _0`$ for the solution of the problem (9) the uniform estimates

$`\lambda _\epsilon \lambda |(u_\epsilon ,\varphi _\epsilon )_\mathrm{\Omega }|`$ $`f_\epsilon _{0,\mathrm{\Omega }},`$ (23)
$`u_\epsilon (u_\epsilon ,\varphi _\epsilon )_\mathrm{\Omega }\varphi _\epsilon _{1,\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon }`$ $`C_1\left(f_\epsilon _{0,\mathrm{\Omega }}+|\lambda \lambda _\epsilon |u_\epsilon _{0,\mathrm{\Omega }}\right),`$ (24)
where $`\varphi _\epsilon `$ is an eigenfunction of the perturbed problem normalized in $`H_0(\mathrm{\Omega })`$.

###### Proof.

Substituting $`v=\varphi _\epsilon `$ into assertion (10), bearing in mind the equality $`(\varphi _\epsilon ,u_\epsilon )_{\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon }=\lambda _\epsilon (\varphi _\epsilon ,u_\epsilon )_\mathrm{\Omega }`$ and the fact that $`\varphi _\epsilon `$ and $`\lambda _\epsilon `$ are real-valued, we obtain estimate (23). In its turn, applying Lemma 7 to the function $`u_\epsilon (u_\epsilon ,\varphi _\epsilon )_\mathrm{\Omega }\varphi _\epsilon `$, we obtain estimate (24). ∎

## 3 Regular perturbation theory

Hereinafter, we deal with a simple eigenvalue $`\lambda _0`$, we shall not fix this fact additionally in what follows. Lemma 6 implies that the eigenfunction $`\varphi _\epsilon `$ converges to $`\varphi _0`$. For this reason, the leading term of the asymptotics for $`\varphi _\epsilon `$ is $`\varphi _0`$. It is naturally to seek the asymptotics for $`\lambda _\epsilon `$ and $`\varphi _\epsilon `$ as (2) and (3).

The boundary condition on $`\gamma _\epsilon `$ in (1) has the form

$$\epsilon g_\pm ^{}(x_1)\frac{\varphi _\epsilon }{x_1}(x_1,\epsilon g_\pm (x_1))\frac{\varphi _\epsilon }{x_2}(x_1,\epsilon g_\pm (x_1))=0.$$
(25)
Substituting (2) and (3) into (1), due to (25) we arrive at the boundary value problems for the coefficients $`\varphi _j`$:

$`(\mathrm{\Delta }+\lambda _0)\varphi _0=0,x\mathrm{\Omega }_0,{\displaystyle \frac{\varphi _0}{\nu }}=0,x\mathrm{\Gamma }_0,`$ (26)
$`\begin{array}{cc}\hfill (\mathrm{\Delta }+\lambda _0)\varphi _1& =\lambda _1\varphi _0,x\mathrm{\Omega }_0,{\displaystyle \frac{\varphi _1}{\nu }}=0,x\mathrm{\Gamma },\hfill \\ \hfill {\displaystyle \frac{\varphi _1}{x_2}}& =\left(g_\pm ^{}{\displaystyle \frac{}{x_1}}g_\pm {\displaystyle \frac{^2}{x_2^2}}\right)\varphi _0,x_1\omega _0,x_2=\pm 0,\hfill \end{array}`$ (27)
$`\begin{array}{cc}\hfill (\mathrm{\Delta }+\lambda _0)\varphi _2& =\lambda _1\varphi _1+\lambda _2\varphi _0,x\mathrm{\Omega }_0,{\displaystyle \frac{\varphi _2}{\nu }}=0,x\mathrm{\Gamma },\hfill \\ \hfill {\displaystyle \frac{\varphi _2}{x_2}}& =\left(g_\pm ^{}{\displaystyle \frac{}{x_1}}g_\pm {\displaystyle \frac{^2}{x_2^2}}\right)\varphi _1\hfill \\ & +\left(g_\pm g_\pm ^{}{\displaystyle \frac{^2}{x_1x_2}}{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}g_\pm ^2{\displaystyle \frac{^3}{x_2^3}}\right)\varphi _0,x_1\omega _0,x_2=\pm 0.\hfill \end{array}`$ (28)
By definition, the eigenfunction $`\varphi _0`$ is a solution of the boundary value problems (26). Let us show that there exist functions $`\varphi _1,\varphi _2H_1(\mathrm{\Omega }_0)`$, being solutions of the boundary value problems (27) and (28) for some constants $`\lambda _1`$, $`\lambda _2`$.

With $`\mathrm{\Omega }_0`$ being a domain with a cut, hereinafter by $`\overline{\mathrm{\Omega }}_0`$ we mean the set $`\mathrm{\Omega }_0\gamma _0\mathrm{\Gamma }\{O_{};O_+\}`$. Let $`(r,\theta )`$ be polar coordinates. We denote by $`\mathrm{\Psi }_k(\theta )`$ a linear combination of $`\mathrm{sin}(j\theta /2)`$ and $`\mathrm{cos}(j\theta /2)`$, where $`0jk`$ and $`jk(mod4)`$. The asymptotics for the solution of equation (9) near the endpoints of the cut $`\gamma _0`$ was studied in . Let us formulate the lemma concerning the asymptotics for the solution which will be used below.

###### Lemma 9.

Let functions $`fH_1(\mathrm{\Omega }_0)C^{\mathrm{}}(\overline{\mathrm{\Omega }}_0\backslash \{O_{};O_+\})`$ and $`h_\pm C^{\mathrm{}}(\omega _0)`$ have asymptotics

$`f(x)`$ $`={\displaystyle \underset{k=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}r^{k/2}\mathrm{\Psi }_k(\theta ),`$ (29)
$`h_\pm (x_1)`$ $`={\displaystyle \underset{k=1}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}(\pm 1)^kb_kx_1^{k/2},`$ (30)
as $`r0`$ and $`x_10`$ and similar expansions as $`(1x_1)^2+x_2^20`$. Further, let $`uH_1(\mathrm{\Omega }_0)`$ be a solution of the boundary value problem

$`(\mathrm{\Delta }+\lambda )u`$ $`=f,x\mathrm{\Omega }_0,{\displaystyle \frac{u}{\nu }}=0,x\mathrm{\Gamma },`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{u}{x_2}}`$ $`=h_\pm ,x_1\omega _0,x_2=\pm 0.`$
Then $`uC^{\mathrm{}}(\overline{\mathrm{\Omega }}_0\backslash \{O_{};O_+\})`$ has the asymptotics of the form (29) in the vicinity of the endpoints of the cut $`\gamma _0`$.

Hereinafter, the asymptotics series are assumed to be infinitely differentiable with respect to the variables $`x_1`$ and $`x_2`$.

###### Corollary. 1.

The eigenfunction $`\varphi _0`$ has the expansion of the form (29) in the vicinity of the endpoints of the cut $`\gamma _0`$, where $`\mathrm{\Psi }_0=\varphi _0(O_{})`$, $`\mathrm{\Psi }_1(\theta )=d_{}\mathrm{cos}(\theta /2)`$ in the vicinity of the left and right endpoints.

###### Lemma 10.

There exists a function $`\varphi _1H_1(\mathrm{\Omega }_0)C^{\mathrm{}}(\overline{\mathrm{\Omega }}_0\backslash \{O_{};O_+\})`$, having asymptotics (29) that is a solution of the boundary value problem (27) for $`\lambda _1`$ determined by the equality (5) and is orthogonal to $`\varphi _0`$ in $`H_0(\mathrm{\Omega }_0)`$.

###### Proof.

It follows from Corollary to Lemma 9 that the right hand side of equation (27) satisfies all assumptions of Lemma 9. By the equation in (26),

$$\left(g_\pm ^{}\frac{}{x_1}g_\pm \frac{^2}{x_2^2}\right)\varphi _0|_{x_2=\pm 0}=\left(\frac{}{x_1}\left(g_\pm \frac{}{x_1}\right)+\lambda _0\right)\varphi _0|_{x_2=\pm 0}.$$
(31)
From (31) and Corollary to Lemma 9 we deduce that the right hand side of the boundary condition in (27) satisfies the hypothesis of Lemma 9. Therefore, for each $`\lambda `$ distinct from an eigenvalue there exists a solution of a boundary value problem

$`(\mathrm{\Delta }+\lambda )u`$ $`=0,x\mathrm{\Omega }_0,{\displaystyle \frac{u}{\nu }}=0,x\mathrm{\Gamma },`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{u}{x_2}}`$ $`=\left(g_\pm ^{}{\displaystyle \frac{}{x_1}}g_\pm {\displaystyle \frac{^2}{x_2^2}}\right)\varphi _0,x_1\omega _0,x_2=\pm 0,`$
satisfying the statement of Lemma 9. Representing the solution of the problem (27) in the form $`\varphi _1=u+w`$, we obtain the following boundary value problem for the function $`w`$

$$(\mathrm{\Delta }+\lambda _0)w=(\lambda _0\lambda )u+\lambda _1\varphi _0,x\mathrm{\Omega }_0,\frac{w}{\nu }=0,x\mathrm{\Gamma }_0.$$
(32)
The necessary and sufficient solvability condition for (32) is the orthogonality in $`H_0(\mathrm{\Omega })`$ of the right hand side and $`\varphi _0`$; we achieve it by a suitable choice of the constant $`\lambda _1`$. Let us assume that $`\lambda _1`$ is chosen exactly in this way. Since the right hand side of the equation in (32) belongs to $`H_1(\mathrm{\Omega }_0)C^{\mathrm{}}(\overline{\mathrm{\Omega }}_0\backslash \{O_{};O_+\})`$, it follows that, by Lemma 9, the function $`\varphi _1`$ satisfies the statements of the lemma being proved. Integrating by parts the left hand side of the equality

$$((\mathrm{\Delta }+\lambda _0)\varphi _1,\varphi _0)_{\mathrm{\Omega }_0}=\lambda _1(\varphi _0,\varphi _0)_\mathrm{\Omega }=\lambda _1$$

and taking into account (31), we have

$`\lambda _1={\displaystyle \underset{0}{\overset{1}{}}}`$ $`(\varphi _0(x_1,+0)({\displaystyle \frac{d}{dx_1}}\left(g_+(x_1){\displaystyle \frac{d}{dx_1}}\right)+\lambda _0)\varphi _0(x_1,+0)`$
$`\varphi _0(x_1,0)({\displaystyle \frac{d}{dx_1}}\left(g_{}(x_1){\displaystyle \frac{d}{dx_1}}\right)+\lambda _0)\varphi _0(x_1,0))dx_1.`$
In its turn, integrating by parts the right hand side of latter equality one can obtain relation (5). Since the function $`\varphi _1`$ is defined up to the term $`\alpha \varphi _0`$, for definiteness we choose the constant $`\alpha `$ on the basis of the orthogonality condition $`(\varphi _1,\varphi _0)_\mathrm{\Omega }=0`$. ∎

Observe that by Corollary to Lemma 9 and Lemma 10 the right hand side in equation (28) satisfies all assumptions of Lemma 9, and by (26) and (27)

$`\left(g_\pm ^{}{\displaystyle \frac{}{x_1}}g_\pm {\displaystyle \frac{^2}{x_2^2}}\right)\varphi _1|_{x_2=\pm 0}`$ $`+\left(g_\pm g_\pm ^{}{\displaystyle \frac{^2}{x_1x_2}}{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}g_\pm ^2{\displaystyle \frac{^3}{x_2^3}}\right)\varphi _0|_{x_2=\pm 0}`$ (33)
$`=\left({\displaystyle \frac{}{x_1}}\left(g_\pm {\displaystyle \frac{}{x_1}}\right)+\lambda _0\right)\varphi _1|_{x_2=\pm 0}.`$
Hence, by Lemma 10 the boundary condition in (28) satisfies the hypothesis of Lemma 9. Reproducing the proof of Lemma 10 and taking into account the equality (33), we get the validity of the following analog of Lemma 10.

###### Lemma 11.

There exists a function $`\stackrel{~}{\varphi }H_1(\mathrm{\Omega }_0)C^{\mathrm{}}(\overline{\mathrm{\Omega }}_0\backslash \{O_{};O_+\})`$, having asymptotics (29), and being a solution of the boundary value problem (28) for $`\lambda _2=\stackrel{~}{\lambda }`$, defined by the equality

$`\stackrel{~}{\lambda }=`$ $`\lambda _1{\displaystyle \underset{0}{\overset{1}{}}}\left(g_+(x_1)\varphi _0^2(x_1,+0)g_{}(x_1)\varphi _0^2(x_1,0)\right)𝑑x_1`$ (34)
$`+\lambda _0{\displaystyle \underset{0}{\overset{1}{}}}\left(g_+(x_1)\varphi _0(x_1,+0)\varphi _1(x_1,+0)g_{}(x_1)\varphi _0(x_1,0)\varphi _0(x_1,0)\right)𝑑x_1`$
$`{\displaystyle \underset{0}{\overset{1}{}}}(g_+(x_1){\displaystyle \frac{d}{dx_1}}\varphi _0(x_1,+0){\displaystyle \frac{d}{dx_1}}\varphi _1(x_1,+0)`$
$`g_{}(x_1){\displaystyle \frac{d}{dx_1}}\varphi _0(x_1,0){\displaystyle \frac{d}{dx_1}}\varphi _1(x_1,0))dx_1.`$
###### Remark 3.12.

Below, the construction (and justification) of complete asymptotics expansions for the eigenelements will imply that the coefficients $`\varphi _1`$ and $`\lambda _1`$ obtained above are correct. From the formal point of view, by Lemma 11 it can be set $`\varphi _2=\stackrel{~}{\varphi }`$ and $`\lambda _2=\stackrel{~}{\lambda }`$. However, as we shall show below, the values $`\lambda _2=\stackrel{~}{\lambda }`$ and $`\varphi _2=\stackrel{~}{\varphi }`$ are wrong.

## 4 Construction of the second terms of the asymptotics by the method of matched asymptotics expansions

In order to define correct terms $`\lambda _2`$ and $`\varphi _2`$ one should use inner asymptotics expansions near the endpoints of the segment. The form of this expansions is defined by already constructed $`\varphi _0`$ and $`\varphi _1`$ (in accordance with the method of matched asymptotics expansions). By Lemmas 3.1, 3.2, and Corollary to Lemma 3.1 the asymptotics

$$\varphi _0(x)=\varphi _0^\pm +d_\pm r_\pm ^{1/2}\mathrm{cos}\left(\frac{\theta _\pm }{2}\right)+O(r_\pm ),\varphi _1(x)=\varphi _1^\pm +O\left(r_\pm ^{1/2}\right),$$
(35)
hold at the endpoints of the cut, where $`\varphi _i^\pm =\varphi _i(O_\pm )`$.

In the vicinity of the endpoints of the slit, we seek asymptotics for the solution in the form of a power series in $`\epsilon `$ whose coefficients are functions depending on the scaled (inner) variables $`\xi =x\left(g^{}\right)^2\epsilon ^2`$ in the vicinity of the left endpoint and $`\xi _1=(1x_1)\left(g^+\right)^2\epsilon ^2`$, $`\xi _2=x_2\left(g^+\right)^2\epsilon ^2`$ in the vicinity of the right endpoint. Rewriting asymptotics for $`\varphi _j`$ at the ends of the slit in terms of the inner variables, we obtain that

$$\varphi _0(x)+\epsilon \varphi _1(x)=\varphi _0^\pm +\epsilon \left(d_\pm g^\pm \rho ^{1/2}\mathrm{cos}(\theta /2)\varphi _1^\pm \right)+O(\epsilon ^2),$$
(36)
where $`(\rho ,\theta )`$ are polar coordinates in the plane $`\xi =(\xi _1,\xi _2)`$.

Equality (36) suggests that in the vicinity of the endpoints of the slit the eigenfunction expressed in terms of the inner variables must have the form

$$\varphi _\epsilon (x)=v_0^\pm (\xi )+\epsilon v_1^\pm (\xi )+O(\epsilon ^2).$$
(37)
The boundary value problems for $`v_j^\pm `$ are obtained in the standard way , . We substitute (37) and (2) into (1.1) and pass to the inner variables in the equation and boundary conditions bearing in mind that near the ends the equation of the slit has the form $`\xi _1=\xi _2^2`$. Equating the coefficients of the least powers of $`\epsilon `$, we get the following boundary value problems

$$\mathrm{\Delta }v_j^\pm =0,\xi \mathrm{\Pi },\frac{v_j^\pm }{\nu }=0,\xi \mathrm{\Pi },$$
(38)
where $`\mathrm{\Pi }=\{\xi :\xi _1<\xi _2^2\}`$.

Due to relation (36) (and the ideology of the method of matched asymptotics expansions) the solutions of (38) must have asymptotics

$$v_0^\pm (\xi )=\varphi _0^\pm +o(1),v_1^\pm (\xi )=d_\pm g^\pm \rho ^{1/2}\mathrm{cos}(\theta /2)+\varphi _1^\pm +o(1),\rho \mathrm{}.$$
(39)
It is easy to see that the functions (7), where the cut is made along the ray $`(1/4,\mathrm{})`$ of the real axis, are the solutions of the problem (38), having asymptotics (39). Moreover, from (7) it follows that

$$v_1^\pm (\xi )=d_\pm g^\pm \rho ^{1/2}\mathrm{cos}(\theta /2)+\varphi _1^\pm \frac{1}{8}d_\pm g^\pm \rho ^{1/2}\mathrm{cos}(\theta /2)+O(\rho ^{3/2}),\rho \mathrm{}.$$
(40)
Rewriting now the asymptotics for $`v_0^\pm +\epsilon v_1^\pm `$ at infinity in terms of the outer variables $`x`$, from (7) and (40) we deduce the leading terms of the asymptotics at the endpoints of the slit for the coefficient $`\varphi _2`$ of the series (3)

$$\varphi _2(x)=\frac{1}{}d_{}\left(g^{}\right)^2r^{1/2}\mathrm{cos}(\theta /2)+O(1),r0$$
(41)
at the left endpoint and a similar form holds an the right endpoint.

###### Remark 4.13.

From the asymptotics (41) it follows that $`\varphi _2`$ does not belong to the class $`H_1(\mathrm{\Omega }_0)`$ (in the general case $`|d_+|+|d_{}|0`$). For this very reason the formally consistent regular second terms mentioned in Remark 3.12 leads one to wrong values of the required quantities.

Let us proceed to the construction of the correct terms $`\varphi _2`$ and $`\lambda _2`$ of the expansions (2) and (3). To this end, one should modify $`\stackrel{~}{\varphi }`$ and $`\stackrel{~}{\lambda }`$ constructed in Lemma 27 by taking into account the asymptotics (41). In other words, we should add the singular term $`\mathrm{const}r^{1/2}\mathrm{cos}(\theta /2)`$ to the function $`\stackrel{~}{\varphi }(x)`$ near the left endpoint of the slit and a similar term near the right endpoint of the slit. However, this is not sufficient. In order that the function $`\varphi _2`$ remains the solution of the problem (28) we must add an additional term belonging to $`H_1(\mathrm{\Omega }_0)`$.

We use the notation $`\chi (t)`$ for the infinitely differentiable cut-off function equal to one for $`t<c`$ and to zero for $`t>2c`$, where $`c<1/2`$ is sufficiently small number so that the closed circles of radius $`2c`$ with centers at $`(0,0)`$ and $`(1,0)`$ lie in $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$.

###### Lemma 4.14.

There exist functions

$$\psi _\pm (x)=\chi (r_\pm )r_\pm ^{1/2}\mathrm{cos}(\theta _\pm /2)+\stackrel{~}{\psi }_\pm (x),$$
(42)
where $`\stackrel{~}{\psi }_\pm H_1(\mathrm{\Omega }_0)C^{\mathrm{}}(\overline{\mathrm{\Omega }}_0\backslash \{O_{};O_+\})`$, that are solutions of a boundary value problem

$$(\mathrm{\Delta }+\lambda _0)\psi _\pm =\lambda _\pm \varphi _0,x\mathrm{\Omega }_0,\frac{\psi _\pm }{\nu }=0,x\mathrm{\Gamma }_0$$
(43)
for

$$\lambda _\pm =\pi d_\pm $$
(44)
###### Proof 4.15.

Let us seek $`\stackrel{~}{\psi }_\pm `$ in the form

$$\stackrel{~}{\psi }_\pm (x)=\frac{\lambda _0}{2}\chi (r_\pm )r_\pm ^{3/2}\mathrm{cos}(\theta _\pm /2)+\widehat{\psi }_\pm (x).$$

Substituting the expression (42) into (43), we arrive at the following problem for $`\widehat{\psi }_\pm `$:

$$(\mathrm{\Delta }+\lambda _0)\widehat{\psi }_\pm =\lambda _\pm \varphi _0+f_\pm ,x\mathrm{\Omega }_0,\frac{\widehat{\psi }_\pm }{\nu }=0,x\mathrm{\Gamma }_0,$$
(45)
where $`f_\pm H_1(\mathrm{\Omega }_0)C^{\mathrm{}}(\overline{\mathrm{\Omega }}_0\backslash \{O_{};O_+\})`$ have the asymptotics (29). A sufficient (and necessary) condition for solvability of (45) in $`H_1(\mathrm{\Omega }_0)`$ is the equality $`\lambda _\pm =(f_\pm ,\varphi _0)_\mathrm{\Omega }`$.

It remains to get the relations (44). We denote $`B^\pm (t)=\mathrm{\Omega }_0\backslash S_\pm (t)`$. The functions $`\stackrel{~}{\psi }_\pm `$ satisfy the statements of Lemma 9; integrating by parts the left hand sides of the equalities

$$((\mathrm{\Delta }+\lambda _0)\psi _\pm ,\varphi _0)_{B^\pm (t)}=\lambda _\pm (\varphi _0,\varphi _0)_{B^\pm (t)},$$

taking into account (42) and the asymptotics $`\varphi _0(x)`$ and passing to the limit as $`t0`$, we obtain the relations (44).

In view of Lemmas 4.14 and 11 the function $`\varphi _2`$ defined by the equality (8) is a solution of the boundary value problem (28) for $`\lambda _2`$ defined by the equality (6).

Thus, the coefficients $`\lambda _2`$, $`\varphi _2`$, $`v_0^\pm `$ and $`v_1^\pm `$ of the series (1)–(3) satisfying the statement of Theorem 2 have been constructed.

## 5 Inner expansion

We shall seek the complete inner expansion for the eigenfunction in the form (4). Since the following construction of the coefficients of the inner expansions is the same for both endpoints of the slit, then, firstly, we consider only expansions at the left endpoint, and, secondly, to avoid cumbersome expressions we omit the superscripts “$`\pm `$” where possible. Substituting (2) and (4) into (1), passing to the inner variables and writing down the equality of the same power of $`\epsilon `$, one can obtain the following recursive system of the boundary value problems

$$\mathrm{\Delta }v_n=\underset{k=0}{\overset{n4}{}}\lambda _kv_{nk4},\xi \mathrm{\Pi },\frac{v_n}{\nu }=0,\xi \mathrm{\Pi }.$$
(46)
We denote by $`\zeta _1`$ and $`\zeta _2`$ the real and imaginary parts of the complex variable $`w=\sqrt{\xi _1\frac{1}{4}+\mathrm{i}\xi _2}`$, $`\mathrm{i}`$ is the imaginary unit. In variables $`\zeta =(\zeta _1,\zeta _2)`$ the boundary value problem (46) becomes simpler

$`\mathrm{\Delta }_\zeta v_n`$ $`=|\zeta |^2{\displaystyle \underset{k=0}{\overset{n4}{}}}\lambda _kv_{nk4},\zeta _2>{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}},`$ (47)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{v_n}{\zeta _2}}`$ $`=0,\zeta _2={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}.`$ (48)
###### Lemma 5.16.

For each natural $`k`$

a) the boundary value problem

$$\mathrm{\Delta }v=0,\zeta _2>\frac{1}{2},\frac{v}{\zeta _2}=\zeta _1^k,\zeta _2=\frac{1}{2}$$

has a solution of the form

$$v(\zeta )=\underset{j=0}{\overset{[k/2]}{}}\alpha _j\mathrm{Im}w^{k+12j},$$

where $`\alpha _j`$ are some explicitly calculated constants, $`\alpha _0=\frac{1}{k+1}`$;

b) there exists a solution of a boundary value problem

$$\mathrm{\Delta }_\zeta Y_{k+1}=0,\zeta _2>\frac{1}{2},\frac{Y_{k+1}}{\zeta _2}=0,\zeta _2=\frac{1}{2}$$

that can be represented in the form

$$Y_n(\zeta )=\mathrm{Re}w^n+\underset{j=0}{\overset{n2}{}}\beta _j\mathrm{Im}w^{n12j},$$

where $`\beta _j`$ are some explicitly calculated constants. The leading term of the asymptotics for the function $`X_n(\xi )=Y_n(\zeta _1(\xi ),\zeta _2(\xi ))`$ as $`\xi \mathrm{}`$ has the form $`\rho ^{n/2}\mathrm{cos}(n\theta /2)`$.

###### Proof 5.17.

The validity of the item a) follows from the equality

$$\frac{}{\zeta _2}\mathrm{Im}w^n|_{\zeta _2=\frac{1}{2}}=n\underset{j=0}{\overset{\left[\frac{n1}{2}\right]}{}}C_{n1}^{2j}\zeta _1^{n12j}\left(\frac{1}{4}\right)^j.$$

in the obvious way. In its turn, the item a) and an equality

$$\frac{}{\zeta _2}\mathrm{Re}w^n|_{\zeta _2=\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{n}{2}\underset{j=0}{\overset{\left[\frac{n}{2}\right]1}{}}C_{n1}^{2j+1}\zeta _1^{n22j}\left(\frac{1}{4}\right)^j.$$

yield the validity of the item b).

For the sake of uniformity of notations, we set $`X_0=Y_0=1`$. Note that under these notations the functions $`v_k^\pm `$ constructed above have the form $`v_0^\pm =\varphi _0^\pm X_0`$, $`v_1^\pm =d_\pm g^\pm X_1+\varphi _1^\pm X_0`$.

###### Lemma 5.18.

Let $`0n<\mathrm{}`$, $`0kn`$, and $`\{a_k^{(n)}\}`$, $`\lambda _n`$ be arbitrary sequences of real numbers. Then the system of the boundary value problems (47), (48) has the system of solutions represented in the form

$`v_n(\zeta )=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{i=0}{\overset{n}{}}}a_i^{(n)}Y_i(\zeta )+\stackrel{~}{v}_n(\zeta ),`$ (49)
$`\stackrel{~}{v}_n(\zeta )=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{k=1}{\overset{\left[\frac{n}{4}\right]}{}}}w^{4k}\left({\displaystyle \underset{j=0}{\overset{n4k}{}}}\alpha _{n,k,j}\mathrm{Re}w^j+{\displaystyle \underset{j=2}{\overset{n4k}{}}}\beta _{n,k,j}\mathrm{Im}w^{j1}\right)+`$ (50)
$`+{\displaystyle \underset{j=2}{\overset{n}{}}}\beta _{n,0,j}\mathrm{Im}w^{j1}`$
where the constants $`\alpha _{n,k,j}`$ and $`\beta _{n,k,j}`$ do not depend on $`\lambda _m`$ as $`m>n4kj`$ and on $`a_s^{(m)}`$ as $`m>n4kj+s`$.

###### Proof 5.19.

The proof is carried out by induction. For $`n3`$ equations (47) are homogeneous and, in view of the item b) of Lemma 5.16, there exist solutions of the form (49) with $`\stackrel{~}{v}_n0`$. For $`n4`$ equations (47) are inhomogeneous and in order to construct their solutions one has to bear in mind that

$$\mathrm{\Delta }\left(|w|^{4k}\mathrm{Im}w^j\right)=4\mathrm{I}\mathrm{m}\frac{^2}{\overline{w}w}\left(\overline{w}^{2k}w^{2k+j}\right)=8k(2k+j)|w|^{4k2}\mathrm{Im}w^j$$

and a similar equality holds for $`|w|^{4k}\mathrm{Re}w^j`$. For this reason, it easy to construct the solution of the inhomogeneous solution (47) of the form (49), moreover, without the last sum in the representation for $`\stackrel{~}{v}_n`$. To eliminate the discrepancy appeared in the boundary condition (48) one should use the item b) of Lemma 5.16, what imply the appearance of the last sum in the representation for $`\stackrel{~}{v}_n`$. The independence of the constants $`\alpha _{n,k,j}`$ and $`\beta _{n,k,j}`$ on $`a_s^{(m)}`$ and $`\lambda _m`$ for the changing of their indexes in ranges mentioned in the lemma follows from the algorithm of construction $`v_n`$ which has been adduced.

We denote $`z=\xi _1\frac{1}{4}+\mathrm{i}\xi _2`$, where $`\mathrm{i}`$ is an imaginary unit. By definition, $`z=w^2`$, what and Lemma 5.18 imply

###### Lemma 5.20.

Let $`0n<\mathrm{}`$, $`0kn`$, and $`\{a_k^{(n)}\}`$, $`\lambda _n`$ be arbitrary sequences of real numbers. Then the system of the boundary value problems (46) has the system of solutions represented in the form

$`v_n(\xi )=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{i=0}{\overset{n}{}}}a_i^{(n)}X_i(\xi )+\stackrel{~}{v}_n(\xi ),`$ (51)
$`\stackrel{~}{v}_n(\xi )=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{k=1}{\overset{\left[\frac{n}{4}\right]}{}}}z^{2k}\left({\displaystyle \underset{j=0}{\overset{n4k}{}}}\alpha _{n,k,j}\mathrm{Re}z^{j/2}+{\displaystyle \underset{j=2}{\overset{n4k}{}}}\beta _{n,k,j}\mathrm{Im}z^{(j1)/2}\right)+`$
$`+{\displaystyle \underset{j=2}{\overset{n}{}}}\beta _{n,0,j}\mathrm{Im}z^{(j1)/2},`$
where the constants $`\alpha _{n,k,j}`$ and $`\beta _{n,k,j}`$ do not depend on $`\lambda _m`$ as $`m>n4kj`$ and on $`a_s^{(m)}`$ as $`m>n4kj+s`$.

From Lemma 5.20 it follows that for any $`\lambda _\epsilon `$, having power asymptotics with arbitrary coefficients $`\lambda _j`$, the series

$$v_\pm (x;\epsilon )=\underset{n=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}\epsilon ^nv_n\left(\frac{x_\pm }{\left(g^\pm \epsilon \right)^2}\right),$$

whose coefficients satisfy the statements of Lemma 5.20, are asymptotic solutions of (1) near the endpoints of the slit. In order to define the true values of the constants $`\lambda _j`$ and $`a_s^{(m)}`$ one must consider the outer expansions in the vicinity of the endpoints of the slit and to compare (match) it with the inner expansion constructed.

## 6 Outer expansion

We seek the asymptotics for the eigenfunction outside a neighbourhood of the endpoints of the slit (the outer expansion) in the form of the series (3). Observe that the asymptotics expansion (3) (similarly to the asymptotics expansions (4)) corresponds to the eigenfunction $`\varphi _\epsilon `$ with “lax” normalization $`\varphi _\epsilon _{0,\mathrm{\Omega }}=1+o(1)`$ as $`\epsilon 0`$.

The boundary value problems for the coefficients of the series (3) are obtained in the standard way. We substitute the series (2) and (3) into (1) and then we write down the equalities of the same power of $`\epsilon `$ and formally pass to limit as $`\epsilon 0`$. As a result, we get the following recursive system of the boundary value problems

$`\mathrm{\Delta }\varphi _n=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{j=0}{\overset{n}{}}}\lambda _j\varphi _{nj},x\mathrm{\Omega }_0,{\displaystyle \frac{\varphi _n}{\nu }}=0,x\mathrm{\Gamma },`$ (52)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{}{x_2}}\varphi _n(x_1,\pm 0)=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{j=1}{\overset{n}{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{1}{j!}}\left(g_\pm (x_1)\right)^j{\displaystyle \frac{^{j+1}\varphi _{nj}}{x_2^{j+1}}}(x_1,\pm 0)`$
$`+g_\pm ^{}(x_1){\displaystyle \underset{j=0}{\overset{n1}{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{1}{j!}}\left(g_\pm (x_1)\right)^j{\displaystyle \frac{^{j+1}\varphi _{nj1}}{x_2^jx_1}}(x_1,\pm 0),x_1\omega _0.`$
The aim of this section is to study the solvability of the problems of the form (52) in a class of singular solutions.

Let $`j`$ be any half-integer, $`H_j(x)`$ be homogeneous functions of order $`j`$ belonging to $`C^{\mathrm{}}(^2\backslash l_+)`$, where $`l_+`$ is the semiaxis $`x_2=0`$, $`x_10`$. We denote by $`\stackrel{~}{}_m`$ the set of the series of the form

$$H(x)=\underset{j=m}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}H_{j/2}(x).$$
(53)
We call the terms of negative order the singular part of the series.

Similarly, we denote by $`\stackrel{~}{𝒜}_m`$ the set of the series of the form

$$h(x)=\underset{j=m}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}\alpha _jx_1^{j/2}.$$

###### Definition. 1.

The scalar sequence

$$\left\{b_j=\frac{1}{2\pi r^{j/2}}\underset{0}{\overset{2\pi }{}}H_{j/2}(x)\mathrm{cos}\left(\frac{j\theta }{2}\right)𝑑\theta \right\}_{j=0}^{\mathrm{}}$$

is called a harmonic sequence of the series (53).

###### Lemma 6.21.

Let the series $`H\stackrel{~}{}_0`$ have the zero harmonic series and be a formal asymptotic solution as $`r0`$ of the boundary value problem

$$(\mathrm{\Delta }+\lambda _0)H=0,x^2\backslash l_+,\frac{}{x_2}H(x_1,\pm 0)=0,x_1>0.$$

Then $`H=0`$.

In proving this lemma one should bear in mind that the terms of the series belonging to $`\stackrel{~}{}_0`$ have the form $`r^{j/2}\mathrm{\Phi }_j(\theta )`$, $`j0`$. After the substitution in the equation we get an ordinary differential equation for $`\mathrm{\Phi }_j`$. The explicit form of the solutions of these equations, the boundary conditions as $`\theta =0`$, $`\theta =2\pi `$ and the fact that $`b_j`$ equals zero yield the statement of the lemma.

###### Corollary. 2.

Let $`F\stackrel{~}{}_m`$, $`h_\pm \stackrel{~}{𝒜}_m`$, and let the series $`H^{(1)},H^{(2)}\stackrel{~}{}_m`$ be formal asymptotic solutions as $`r0`$ of a boundary value problem

$$(\mathrm{\Delta }+\lambda _0)H=F,x^2\backslash l_+,\frac{}{x_2}H(x_1,\pm 0)=h_\pm (x_1),x_1>0,$$

and let these series have the same harmonic sequences and $`H^{(1)}H^{(2)}\stackrel{~}{}_0`$. Then $`H^{(1)}=H^{(2)}`$.

We denote by $`_m`$ the subset of the functions in $`C^{\mathrm{}}(\overline{\mathrm{\Omega }}_0\backslash \{O_+;O_{}\})`$ whose asymptotics at the points $`O_\pm `$ belong to the class $`\stackrel{~}{}_m`$ (with respect to the coordinate systems $`x_+`$ and $`x_{}`$). Similarly, let $`𝒜_m`$ be the subset of functions in $`C^{\mathrm{}}\left(\omega \right)`$ with asymptotic behaviour at the endpoints of the slit described by functions in the class $`\stackrel{~}{𝒜}_m`$.

We consider a boundary value problem

$$(\mathrm{\Delta }+\lambda _0)u=F+\lambda \varphi _0,x\mathrm{\Omega }_0,\frac{}{x_2}u(x_1,\pm 0)=h_\pm (x_1),x_1\omega _0,$$
(54)
where $`F_m`$, $`h_\pm 𝒜_m`$, $`m`$.

###### Lemma 6.22.

Suppose that two classes of series $`H_\pm (x;\{b_j\}_{j=0}^{\mathrm{}},\lambda )`$ belong to $`\stackrel{~}{}_m`$ for each value of the parameters $`b_j`$ and $`\lambda `$ and have the following properties

a) the series $`H_\pm (x_\pm ;\{b_j\}_{j=0}^{\mathrm{}},\lambda )`$ are asymptotics solutions of the problem (54) for $`x_\pm 0`$;

b) $`\{b_j\}_{j=0}^{\mathrm{}}`$ is a harmonic sequence of the series $`H_\pm (x;\{b_j\}_{j=0}^{\mathrm{}},\lambda )`$;

c) $`H_\pm (x;\{\stackrel{~}{b}_j\}_{j=0}^{\mathrm{}},\lambda )H_\pm (x;\{\widehat{b}_j\}_{j=0}^{\mathrm{}},\lambda )\stackrel{~}{}_0`$ for each sequences $`\{\stackrel{~}{b}_j\}_{j=0}^{\mathrm{}}`$ and $`\{\widehat{b}_j\}_{j=0}^{\mathrm{}}`$.

Then there exist numbers $`\lambda `$ and $`\{b_j^\pm \}_{j=0}^{\mathrm{}}`$ and a function $`u_m`$ such that $`u`$ is a solution of the boundary value problem (54) and it has asymptotics coinciding with $`H_\pm (x_\pm ;\{b_j^\pm \}_{j=0}^{\mathrm{}},\lambda )`$ as $`x_\pm 0`$.

###### Proof 6.23.

This statement is proved by arguments similar to those used in the proof of Lemma 4.14. We seek the solution of the boundary value problem (54) in the form

$$u(x)=u_N(x)=\chi (r_+)H_N^+(x_+)+\chi (r_{})H_N^{}(x_{})+U_N(x),$$
(55)
where $`H_N^\pm `$ are partial sums (to the powers $`r_\pm ^N`$,inclusive) of the series $`\widehat{H}_\pm (x)=H_\pm (x;\{b_j=0\}_{j=0}^{\mathrm{}},0)`$. Substituting (55) into (54), we deduce a boundary value problem for $`u_N`$:

$$(\mathrm{\Delta }+\lambda _0)U_N=F_N+\lambda \varphi _0,x\mathrm{\Omega }_0,\frac{}{x_2}U_N(x_1,\pm 0)=h_N^\pm (x_1),x_1\omega _0.$$
(56)
Here the function $`F_NC^{N2}(\overline{\mathrm{\Omega }}_0)`$ (where, recall, the cut $`\gamma _0`$ is interpreted as double-sided) has zeroes of order $`r_\pm ^{N2}`$ at the endpoints of the slit, and the functions $`h_N^+,h_N^{}C^{N1}\left(\overline{\omega }_0\right)`$ have zeroes of order $`x_1^{N1}`$ and $`(1x_1)^{N1}`$ at the corresponding endpoints of the interval $`\omega _0`$. Therefore, there exists a constant $`\lambda =\lambda (N)`$ for which the boundary value problem (56) is solvable in the functional class $`H_1(\mathrm{\Omega }_0)`$. On the other hand, substituting $`u_{N_1}u_{N_2}H_1(\mathrm{\Omega }_0)`$ into (54), one can easy see that, firstly, $`\lambda `$ does not depend on $`N`$, and, secondly, the functions $`u_N`$ are the same for different values of $`N`$ up to the term equal to the eigenfunction. Due to the arbitrariness in choosing $`N`$, the results of  and Lemma 9 we conclude that there exists a solution $`u_m`$ of the boundary value problem (54) (for some constant $`\lambda `$), having asymptotics at the endpoints of the slit of the form

$$u(x)=\stackrel{~}{H}_\pm (x_\pm ),x_\pm 0,$$

where $`\stackrel{~}{H}_\pm `$ differs from $`\widehat{H}_\pm `$ by a term in $`\stackrel{~}{}_0`$.

Let $`\{b_j^\pm \}`$ be a harmonic sequence of the series $`\stackrel{~}{H}_\pm `$. Form the Corollary to Lemma 6.21 it follows that the series $`\stackrel{~}{H}_\pm (x_\pm )`$ and $`H_\pm (x_\pm ;\{b_j^\pm \}_{j=0}^{\mathrm{}},\lambda )`$ are the same.

## 7 Matching the expansions

We introduce re-expansions operators $`^\pm `$ on the formal series of the type

$$V(\xi ;\epsilon )=\underset{n=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}\epsilon ^nV_n(\xi )$$

by the following standard procedure. Coefficients of the series $`V`$ are replaced by their asymptotics at infinity and then we pass to the variables $`x_\pm =(\epsilon g^\pm )^2\xi `$. The formal double series obtained is called the value of $`^\pm (V(\xi ;\epsilon ))`$.

For the sake of brevity we use the notations $`\stackrel{~}{}_1=\stackrel{~}{}_0`$, $`_1=_0`$. From Lemma 5.20 and the definition of the re-expansion operators it follows

###### Lemma 7.24.

Let all asumptions of Lemma 5.20 hold and the coefficients of the series

$$v(\xi ;\epsilon )=\underset{n=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}\epsilon ^nv_n(\xi )$$

satisfy the statement of Lemma 5.20. Then the representation

$$^\pm \left(v(\xi ;\epsilon )\right)=\underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}\epsilon ^j\mathrm{\Phi }_j^\pm (x_\pm ).$$

is true. The series $`\mathrm{\Phi }_n^\pm \stackrel{~}{}_{n1}`$ are formal asymptotic solutions (as $`x_\pm 0`$) of the recursive system of boundary value problems (52), where the functions $`\varphi _j`$ in the right hand sides of the equations and boundary conditions are replaced by $`\mathrm{\Phi }_j^\pm `$.

A harmonic sequence $`\{\stackrel{\pm }{b}_i.^{(n)}\}_{i=0}^{\mathrm{}}`$ of a series $`\mathrm{\Phi }_n^\pm `$ has the form $`\stackrel{\pm }{b}_i.^{(n)}=a_i^{(n+i)}\left(g^\pm \right)^i`$.

The series $`\mathrm{\Phi }_n^\pm `$ do not depend on $`a_i^{(m+i)}`$ and $`\lambda _m`$ for $`m>n`$, and their singular parts also do not depend on $`a_i^{(n+i)}`$ and $`\lambda _n`$.

We denote by $`v^\pm (\xi ;\epsilon )`$ the series (4).

###### Theorem 7.25.

There exist series (2)–(4) having the following properties

a) $`\varphi _n_{n1}`$ are the solutions of (52);

b) $`v_n^\pm `$ are the solutions of the boundary value problems (46) and they can be represented in the form (51) (with the indexes ”$`\pm `$” added);

c) $`^\pm \left(v^\pm (\xi ;\epsilon )\right)=_{j=0}^{\mathrm{}}\epsilon ^j\varphi _j(x)`$ as $`x_\pm 0`$;

d) the coefficients $`\lambda _1`$, $`\lambda _2`$, $`\varphi _1`$, $`\varphi _2`$, $`v_0^\pm `$ and $`v_1^\pm `$ satisfy the statements of theorem 2.

###### Proof 7.26.

Let $`v_n^\pm (\xi )`$ satisfy the statements of Lemma 48 with constants $`\lambda _j`$, $`a_s^{(m)}=\stackrel{\pm }{a}_s.^{(m)}`$ undefined yet. Then, in view of Lemma 7.24,

$$^\pm \left(v^\pm (\xi ;\epsilon )\right)=\underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}\epsilon ^j\mathrm{\Phi }_j^\pm (x_\pm ).$$

For $`n2`$ we denote by $`\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Phi }}_n^\pm (x_\pm )`$ the asymptotics as $`x_\pm 0`$ of the solutions $`\varphi _n`$ of the boundary value problems (26)–(28) those are defined above, and we denote by $`\{\stackrel{\pm }{b}_i.^{(n)}\}_{i=0}^{\mathrm{}}`$ their harmonic sequences. In construction of the coefficients $`v_j^\pm `$ we set $`\stackrel{\pm }{a}_i.^{(n+i)}=\stackrel{\pm }{b}_i.^{(n)}\left(g^\pm \right)^i`$, and we define $`\lambda _n`$ in accordance with the formulae (5) and (6). Lemma 7.24 and Corollary to Lemma 6.21 imply that $`\mathrm{\Phi }_0^\pm =\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Phi }}_0^\pm `$, $`\mathrm{\Phi }_1^\pm =\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Phi }}_1^\pm `$. Note that having defined $`\stackrel{\pm }{a_i^{(n+i)}}`$ we determine $`v_n^\pm `$ and three leading harmonics for other $`v_j^\pm `$. From the structure (51) of the functions $`v_i^\pm `$ (more precisely, from the form of $`v_1^\pm `$) it follows that $`\mathrm{\Phi }_2^\pm \stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Phi }}_2^\pm \stackrel{~}{}_0`$. Thus, by Corollary to Lemma 6.21 we obtain $`\mathrm{\Phi }_2^\pm =\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Phi }}_2^\pm `$. It should be stressed that having defined $`v_2^\pm `$, due to Lemma 7.24 we determined singular parts of the series $`\mathrm{\Phi }_3^\pm \stackrel{~}{}_2`$.

In next step due to Lemma 6.22 by singular parts of the asymptotics series $`\mathrm{\Phi }_3^\pm `$ we define the function $`\varphi _3_2`$ which is a solution of (52) for some value of $`\lambda _3`$ and whose asymptotics as $`x_\pm 0`$ coincide with $`\mathrm{\Phi }_3^\pm `$ for some $`\stackrel{\pm }{a}_i.^{(3+i)}=\stackrel{\pm }{b}_i.^{(3)}\left(g^\pm \right)^i`$, etc.

The only fact following from the items a) and b) of Theorem 7.25 is the series (3) and (2) are asymptotic solutions of the problem (1) for $`r_+>\epsilon `$, $`r_{}>\epsilon `$, and the series (4) and (2) are asymptotic solutions of the problem (1) for $`r_\pm <2\epsilon `$. The key condition of matching is determined by the item c) of the theorem proved.

## 8 Justification of the asymptotics

We use the notations $`\lambda _{\epsilon ,N}`$, $`\varphi _{\epsilon ,N}(x)`$ and $`v_{\epsilon ,N}^\pm \left(x_\pm \left(\epsilon g^\pm \right)^2\right)`$ for the partial sums of the series (2)–(4). Further, we set

$`\mathrm{\Phi }_{\epsilon ,N}(x)=`$ $`\left(1\chi (r_+\epsilon ^1)\right)\left(1\chi (r_{}\epsilon ^1)\right)\varphi _{\epsilon ,N}(x)+`$
$`+\chi (r_+\epsilon ^1)v_{\epsilon ,N}^+\left(x_+\left(\epsilon g^+\right)^2\right)+\chi (r_{}\epsilon ^1)v_{\epsilon ,N}^{}\left(x_{}\left(\epsilon g^{}\right)^2\right).`$
###### Lemma 8.27.

Suppose that the series (2)–(4) satisfy the statements of Theorem 7.25. Then the function $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{\epsilon ,N}(x)`$ is a solution of a boundary value problem

$``$ $`(\mathrm{\Delta }+\lambda _{\epsilon ,N})\mathrm{\Phi }_{\epsilon ,N}=f_{\epsilon ,N},x\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon ,`$ (57)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{}{\nu }}\mathrm{\Phi }_{\epsilon ,N}=0,x\mathrm{\Gamma },{\displaystyle \frac{}{\nu }}\mathrm{\Phi }_{\epsilon ,N}=h_{\epsilon ,N},x\gamma _\epsilon ,`$
where $`f_{\epsilon ,N}_{0,\mathrm{\Omega }}C_N\epsilon ^M`$, $`h_{\epsilon ,N}=O(\epsilon ^M)`$ in the norm of $`C^1(\gamma _\epsilon )`$, and $`M\mathrm{}`$ as $`N\mathrm{}`$.

###### Proof 8.28.

The statement of the lemma being a standard implication of the items a)–c) of Theorem 7.25 (see, for instance, ), we give a brief proof. Substituting $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{\epsilon ,N}`$ in the left hand sides of (57), we get that a homogeneous boundary condition on $`\mathrm{\Gamma }`$ holds and the functions $`f_{\epsilon ,N}`$, $`h_{\epsilon ,N}`$ can be represented in the form

$$f_{\epsilon ,N}=\underset{i=1}{}f_{\epsilon ,N}^{(i)},h_{\epsilon ,N}=\underset{i=1}{}h_{\epsilon ,N}^{(i)},$$

where

$`f_{\epsilon ,N}^{(1)}=`$ $`\left(1\chi (r_+\epsilon ^1)\right)\left(1\chi (r_{}\epsilon ^1)\right){\displaystyle \underset{n=1}{\overset{N}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{k=N+1n}{\overset{N}{}}}\epsilon ^{k+n}\lambda _n\varphi _k,`$
$`f_{\epsilon ,N}^{(2)}=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{n=1}{\overset{N}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{k=N3n}{\overset{N}{}}}\epsilon ^{k+n}\lambda _n\left(\chi (r_{}\epsilon ^1)v_k^{}+\chi (r_+\epsilon ^1)v_k^+\right),`$
$`f_{\epsilon ,N}^{(3)}=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{i=1}{\overset{3}{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{}{x_i}}\left(\varphi _{\epsilon ,N}(x)v_{\epsilon ,N}^{}\left(x_{}\left(\epsilon g^{}\right)^2\right)\right){\displaystyle \frac{}{x_i}}\chi (r_{}\epsilon ^1)`$
$`+{\displaystyle \underset{i=1}{\overset{3}{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{}{x_i}}\left(\varphi _{\epsilon ,N}(x)v_{\epsilon ,N}^+\left(x_+\left(\epsilon g^+\right)^2\right)\right){\displaystyle \frac{}{x_i}}\chi (r_+\epsilon ^1)`$
$`+\left(\varphi _{\epsilon ,N}(x)v_{\epsilon ,N}^{}\left(x_{}\left(\epsilon g^{}\right)^2\right)\right)\mathrm{\Delta }\chi (r_{}\epsilon ^1)`$
$`+\left(\varphi _{\epsilon ,N}(x)v_{\epsilon ,N}^+\left(x_+\left(\epsilon g^+\right)^2\right)\right)\mathrm{\Delta }\chi (r_+\epsilon ^1),`$
$`h_{\epsilon ,N}^{(1)}=`$ $`\left(1\chi (r_+\epsilon ^1)\right)\left(1\chi (r_{}\epsilon ^1)\right){\displaystyle \frac{}{\nu }}\varphi _{\epsilon ,N}(x),`$
$`h_{\epsilon ,N}^{(2)}=`$ $`\left(\varphi _{\epsilon ,N}(x)v_{\epsilon ,N}^{}\left(x_{}\left(\epsilon g^{}\right)^2\right)\right){\displaystyle \frac{}{\nu }}\chi (r_{}\epsilon ^1)`$
$`+\left(\varphi _{\epsilon ,N}(x)v_{\epsilon ,N}^+\left(x_+\left(\epsilon g^+\right)^2\right)\right){\displaystyle \frac{}{\nu }}\chi (r_+\epsilon ^1).`$
In view of the item a) of Theorem 7.25 the functions $`f_{\epsilon ,N}^{(1)}`$ and $`h_{\epsilon ,N}^{(1)}`$ have the norms of order $`O(\epsilon ^{M_1})`$ in $`H_0(\mathrm{\Omega })`$ and in $`C^1(\gamma _\epsilon )`$, respectively, and $`M_1\mathrm{}`$ as $`N\mathrm{}`$. Similarly, by the item b) we deduce that $`f_{\epsilon ,N}^{(2)}`$ has a norm of order $`O(\epsilon ^{M_2})`$ in $`C^1(\gamma _\epsilon )`$, and $`M_2\mathrm{}`$ as $`N\mathrm{}`$. Finally, the item c) of Theorem 7.25 implies that norms of $`f_{\epsilon ,N}^{(3)}`$ and $`h_{\epsilon ,N}^{(2)}`$ have order $`\epsilon ^{M_3}`$ in $`H_0(\mathrm{\Omega })`$ and $`C^1(\gamma _\epsilon )`$, respectively, and $`M_3\mathrm{}`$ as $`N\mathrm{}`$. These facts completes the proof for $`M=\mathrm{min}\{M_1;M_2;M_3\}`$.

The boundary condition on $`\gamma _\epsilon `$ in (57) being inhomogeneous, we can not apply Lemma 8 directly to (57) in order to justify the asymptotics. For this reason, beforehand we shall prove two auxiliary statements.

###### Lemma 8.29.

Let $`uC^2(\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon )C^1(\overline{\mathrm{\Omega }}_\epsilon )`$, $`\frac{}{\nu }u>0`$ on $`\gamma _\epsilon `$, $`\mathrm{\Delta }u<0`$ in $`\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon `$ and $`u0`$ on $`\mathrm{\Gamma }`$. Then $`u0`$ in $`\overline{\mathrm{\Omega }}_\epsilon `$.

###### Proof 8.30.

Since $`\frac{}{\nu }u>0`$ on $`\gamma _\epsilon `$, we conclude that the minimum of $`u`$ lies outside $`\gamma _\epsilon `$, and, as $`\mathrm{\Delta }u<0`$ in $`\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon `$, then it can not lie in $`\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon `$. Hence, the minimum lies in $`\mathrm{\Gamma }`$, where, by conditions, $`u0`$.

###### Lemma 8.31.

Let $`UC^2(\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon )C^1(\overline{\mathrm{\Omega }}_\epsilon )`$,

$$\underset{\mathrm{\Gamma }}{\mathrm{max}}|U|+\underset{\gamma _\epsilon }{\mathrm{max}}\left|\frac{U}{\nu }\right|+\underset{\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon }{sup}|\mathrm{\Delta }U|=m.$$

Then $`|U|<Cm\epsilon ^1`$, where $`C`$ is some constant independent on $`U`$.

###### Proof 8.32.

Recall that near the left endpoint of the slit (for $`0x_1<t_0`$, where $`t_0`$ is some positive constant) the equation of $`\gamma _\epsilon `$ has the form $`\epsilon ^2x_1=\left(g^{}\right)^2x_2^2`$. Similarly, near the right endpoint of the slit (for $`01x_1<t_0`$) its equation reads as follows $`\epsilon ^2(1x_1)=\left(g^+\right)^2x_2^2`$. For $`t_0x_11t_0`$ the equation of $`\gamma _\epsilon `$ has the form $`x_2=\epsilon g_\pm (x_1)`$. Note that $`d=\underset{t_0x_11t_0}{\mathrm{min}}|g_\pm (x_1)|>0`$ and $`\pm g_\pm (x_1)>0`$ as $`t_0x_11t_0`$. We set $`V(x)=\left(x_1\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\alpha ^2x_2^2`$, where $`\alpha >0`$ is some constant.

Then for $`t_0x_11t_0`$ one can check

$`{\displaystyle \frac{V}{\nu }}|_{x_2=\epsilon g_\pm }=\left(1+\epsilon ^2\left(g_\pm ^{}(x_1)\right)^2\right)^{1/2}\left(\epsilon g_\pm ^{}(x_1)\left(12x_1\right)+2\alpha ^2\epsilon g_\pm (x_1)\right)`$ (58)
$`=2\epsilon \left(1+\epsilon ^2\left(g_\pm ^{}(x_1)\right)^2\right)^{1/2}\left(\alpha ^2g_\pm (x_1)\left(x_1{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\right)g_\pm ^{}(x_1)\right)<\epsilon \alpha ^2d`$
for $`\epsilon `$ sufficiently small and $`\alpha `$ chosen appropriately. In its turn, for $`0x_1<t_0`$ we have

$`{\displaystyle \frac{V}{\nu }}|_{x_1=\left(\frac{x_2}{\epsilon g^{}}\right)^2}=`$ $`\left(\epsilon ^4+4\left(g^{}\right)^4x_2^2\right)^{1/2}\left(\epsilon ^2{\displaystyle \frac{V}{x_1}}2{\displaystyle \frac{x_2}{(g^{})^2}}{\displaystyle \frac{V}{x_2}}\right)|_{x_1=\left(\frac{x_2}{\epsilon g^{}}\right)^2}`$ (59)
$`=`$ $`\epsilon ^1\left(\epsilon ^4+4\left(g^{}\right)^2x_1\right)^{1/2}\left(\epsilon ^2\left(2x_11\right)4\epsilon ^2\alpha ^2x_1\right)`$
$`=`$ $`\epsilon \left(\epsilon ^4+4\left(g^{}\right)^2x_1\right)^{1/2}(12x_1+4\alpha ^2x_1)<\epsilon C_{}<0.`$
Similarly, for $`1t_0<x_11`$ we deduce that

$$\frac{V}{\nu }|_{1x_1=\left(\frac{x_2}{\epsilon g^+}\right)^2}<\epsilon C_+<0.$$
(60)
We set $`C=\mathrm{max}|C_\pm |`$, $`W(x)=RV(x)`$, where $`R>1+\underset{\overline{\mathrm{\Omega }}}{\mathrm{max}}|V(x)|`$. Then the estimates (58)–(60) imply that the functions $`Cm\epsilon ^1W\pm U`$ satisfy the hypothesis of Lemma 8.29. In its turn, Lemma 8.29 yields the correctness of the statement being proved.

*Proof of Theorem 1* Let $`\chi _\mathrm{\Gamma }C_0^{\mathrm{}}(\mathrm{\Omega })`$ be a function equal to one outside some neighbourhood of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }`$, $`U_{\epsilon ,N}C^{\mathrm{}}(\overline{\mathrm{\Omega }}_\epsilon )`$ be a harmonic function satisfying boundary condition

$$U_{\epsilon ,N}=0,x\mathrm{\Gamma },\frac{}{\nu }U_{\epsilon ,N}=h_{\epsilon ,N},x\gamma _\epsilon ,$$

$`\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Phi }}_{\epsilon ,N}=\chi _\mathrm{\Gamma }U_{\epsilon ,N}`$. Then from Lemmas 8.278.31 and well-known a priori estimates it follows that

$`{\displaystyle \frac{}{\nu }}\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Phi }}_{\epsilon ,N}=0,x\mathrm{\Gamma },{\displaystyle \frac{}{\nu }}\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Phi }}_{\epsilon ,N}=h_{\epsilon ,N},x\gamma _\epsilon ,`$ (61)
$`\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Phi }}_{\epsilon ,N}_{1,\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon }+\mathrm{\Delta }\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Phi }}_{\epsilon ,N}_{0,\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon }C_N\epsilon ^{M1}.`$
We set $`\widehat{\mathrm{\Phi }}_{\epsilon ,N}=\mathrm{\Phi }_{\epsilon ,N}\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Phi }}_{\epsilon ,N}`$. By Lemma 8.27 and relations (61), we obtain that the function $`\widehat{\mathrm{\Phi }}_{\epsilon ,N}`$ is a solution of a boundary value problem

$$\mathrm{\Delta }\widehat{\mathrm{\Phi }}_{\epsilon ,N}=\lambda _{\epsilon ,N}\widehat{\mathrm{\Phi }}_{\epsilon ,N}+F_{\epsilon ,N},x\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon ,\frac{}{\nu }\widehat{\mathrm{\Phi }}_{\epsilon ,N}=0,x\mathrm{\Omega }_\epsilon ,$$
(62)
where

$$F_{\epsilon ,N}_{0,\mathrm{\Omega }}C_N\epsilon ^M.$$
(63)
Since $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{\epsilon ,N}\varphi _0`$ $`H_0(\mathrm{\Omega }_0)`$, then from (61) it follows that

$$\widehat{\mathrm{\Phi }}_{\epsilon ,N}\varphi _0\text{ }H_0(\mathrm{\Omega }_0).$$
(64)
In view of (62)–(64), Lemma 6, the estimate (23), and the arbitrariness in choosing $`N`$ we conclude that the series (2) constructed coincides with the asymptotics of the eigenvalue $`\lambda _\epsilon `$. In their turn, the estimates (24) and (64) imply that

$`\widehat{\mathrm{\Phi }}_{\epsilon ,N}(x)`$ $`=\alpha _{\epsilon ,N}\varphi _\epsilon (x)+\stackrel{~}{\varphi }_{\epsilon ,N}(x),`$ (65)
$`\stackrel{~}{\varphi }_{\epsilon ,N}_{0,\mathrm{\Omega }}`$ $`=O(\epsilon ^M),|\alpha _{\epsilon ,N}|1,\epsilon 0.`$
Finally, due to (61), (65) and the arbitrariness in choosing $`N`$ we deduce that the asymptotic series (3), (4) are the asymptotics of the eigenfunction $`\varphi _\epsilon `$ associated with the eigenvalue converging to $`\lambda _0`$.

## 9 Concluding remarks

The asymptotics of eigenvalues in the case of Dirichlet boundary condition on $`\gamma _\epsilon `$ was considered in . There it was shown that if the boundary of the slit lies on square parabolas near the endpoints, then the asymptotics of the eigenelements have the power character (2)–(4). However, for the case the equation of the endpoints of the slit have the form of square parabolas only “in principal” it was shown in  that the asymptotics of $`\lambda _\epsilon `$ and $`\varphi _\epsilon `$ contain also powers of $`\mathrm{ln}\epsilon `$. It can be shown that this effect takes place in the case of Neumann boundary condition. It also can established that for the Robin boundary condition on $`\gamma _\epsilon `$ the powers of logarithms appear in asymptotic expansions even in the case when the boundary of slit lie on parabolas near the endpoints.