Causes of melasma
Introduction. The relevance of the study of melasma is determined by the location of pathological areas on the skin of the face, which being a cosmetic defect causes social maladaptation in society, reduces the quality of life. Melasma is a common disease manifested by the formation of hyperpigmented spots. The development of hyperpigmentation is associated with various etiological and pathogenetic factors. According to some authors, the causes of melasma may be hereditary predisposition, increased sensitivity to ultraviolet rays, pregnancy, region of residence, skin phototype, ultraviolet radiation, taking hormonal drugs and a number of concomitant pathologies. Given the high prevalence of melasma, it is extremely important to study the causes of melasma development to determine treatment tactics. The aim of the study is to identify the causes of melasma in patients who applied to the DIVA EFFECT cosmetic clinic with hyperpigmentation from 2018 to 2020 with melasma, according to a specially developed questionnaire. Materials and methods. 176 patients with melasma were surveyed. Sociological survey, statistical method of research were used. Results. According to the study, it was revealed that among patients, cases of melasma with a moderate severity were more often identified. The main causes were pregnancy and childbirth, exacerbation of chronic diseases and exposure to sunlight. At the same time, hormonal drugs for more than 3 years were taken by patients with manifestations of moderate and mild melasma. Conclusions. The identified causes of melasma in patients is the basis for determining treatment tactics that contribute to improving their quality of life.