TECHNOLOGICAL FEATURES AND RESOURCE FOR CULTIVATION FAGOPYRUM ESCULENTUM MOENCH IN THE FOREST STEPPE ALTAI
Buckwheat crop area in Altai in 2011 amounted to 422,2 thousand ha, the main crops are concentrated in the forest steppe and foothills (80%), but the grain yield is low – 0,7-0,8 t/ha, which is associated with imperfect cultivation techniques. Studies have shown that technological factors in the cultivation of buckwheat on leached chernozem steppe, are leading. In the forest-steppe of the Altai region close to the optimal rate of fertilizer can be considered crap N30P30K30, best biological characteristics of culture is responsible seeding in the 1st half of June. Grain yield in this case is 1,30 t/ha. The most expedient way of sowing buckwheat is in wide (0,45 m) with seeding rate of 3,5 million EXP grains per 1 ha, which gives 1,42 t/ha of grain. The maximum grain yield an average of 3 years was formed at the beginning of feeding buckwheat budding in combination with artificial pollination by bees and flowers doopylenii – 1,84 t/ha. Growing buckwheat steppe Altai using wide-row planting method (0,45 m), seed rate of 3,5 million EXP grains per 1 ha shows the high economic and energy efficiency. These agricultural practices can significantly reduce the cost of grain, increase profitability, and reduce energy costs. Zonal science-based agronomic complex will receive in the forest steppe grain yield (1,5-2,0 t /ha), at a low cost of 1 ton of grain – 3722 rubles., 300% higher profitability and efficiency of the energy ratio - 2.1.