MoDErn iDEas aBout thE roLE of ProinfLaMMatorY MEDiators in thE PathoGEnEsis of DEPrEssion
The article provides an informational data analysis received from modern native and foreign researches about the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of depression. Depression is a polyetiological mental disorder, which, in addition to monoamine and neurotrophic factors deficiency shows significant immune system impairment. In depression, an increased activity of monocyte-macrophage immunity, a high level of expression of pro-inflammatory genes, an increased content of T-type I helpers in peripheral blood are detected, all of the above leads to the cytokine profile imbalance and the pro-inflammatory cytokines predominance. Cytokines are signaling proteins that are secreted by immune system cells. It is detected that such proinflammatory cytokines as: Il-1β, Il - 6, Il - 8, Il - 11, Il - 12, Il - 13, Il - 18, TNF - α, IFN - γ are involved in the etiology and pathogenesis of depression. There is evidence that cytokines, acting as neuromodulators, mediate behavioral, neuroendocrine, and neurochemical changes in depression. Also the presence of separate SNP of genes that are coding the cytokines synthesis can cause the moderate risk of depression in the particular person. It is found that depression monotherapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors is less effective than combination therapy with cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. In addition, it is established that antidepressants are able to suppress neuroinflammation due to the effect on the ratio of pro-inflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines, shifting the balance towards anti-inflammatory mediators. Cytokines that are produced in the process of inflammation may presumably enter informative markers of various nosologies related to neuroinflammation and / or a promising target for new therapeutic approaches for their treatment