Dynamics of the medical and demographic situation in the Republic of Bashkortostan in the period 1990-2019
The study aims at assessing demographic situation in the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB) in order to develop measures for public health protection. Material and methods. The study is based on the data provided ty the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Republic of Bashkortostan including the distribution of deaths by sex, age groups and causes of death (table С51); publications: "Demographic processes in the Republic of Bashkortostan"; age structure of the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan; Federal State Statistics Service of Russian Federation. To eliminate the differences in the population age structure, a comparative analysis was performed using standardized indicators based on the European standard of population age. Results. Total population of the Republic of Bashkortostan tends to decrease due to natural population decline and a decrease in the migration component. The share of people over the working age is growing while the share of those under working age tends to decrease. There is a decline in the birth rate, which in 2019 amounted to 10.3%. The dynamics of life expectancy at birth (LE) in the Republic of Bashkortostan is similar to its dynamics in Russian Federation, a significant gap remains in the life expectancy of men and women. Total mortality and infant mortality are on a downward trend. The structure of the causes of death is determined by the cardiovascular system diseases, neoplasms and external causes. There is an increase in "rough" mortality rates for both men and women from neoplasms; in men - from respiratory diseases; "Rough" and standardized death rates from diseases of the digestive system; a significant increase in mortality from certain infectious and parasitic diseases in both men and women. The standardized mortality rate from respiratory diseases in both men and women is significantly higher than the national average. Conclusions. In the near future, in order to implement the "Concept of the demographic policy of the Republic of Bashkortostan for the period up to 2025", the main direction should be the solution of the problems of state social policy for the way out of the Republic of Bashkortostan from the protracted medical and demographic crisis.