Word-formative analysis of a lexem with spatial semantics in Russian and Tajik languages
The article deals with a derivational analysis of lexical units with spatial semantics in Russian and Tajik languages. Language means of expression, methods and features of word formation identified. It is determined that in comparable languages the means of expressing spatial meanings are multiform. An analysis of word-formation tools with spatial meaning has revealed that in the Tajik language the suffixal method of expressing spatial semantics is more productive, used to form mainly nouns, less often adjectives; prefixal, which is less productive, is characteristic for the formation of verbs, and also prepositional education is for adverbs. It was revealed that affixes with spatial semantics, combined with nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, supplement the basic meaning with a new semantic attribute, forming new lexical units with a specific set of sememes and sem.