Anatomical basis for the optimization of ultrasound screening studies in perinatology
The article discusses the possibilities of expanding the effectiveness of ultrasound screening studies in perinatology based on the results of a study of 894 fetuses. It is established that the standardization of the study is facilitated by one specialist, on the scanner of one model, during a sufficiently short time interval. The range of the regional norm for quantitative intravital parameters of topographic and anatomical parameters of the thymus in the conditions of a large industrial city in healthy pregnant females has been determined and their dynamic changes - absolute growth and growth intensity at the screening inspection stages have been studied. For the first time to describe the quantitative topography of the thymus in fetuses, the shortest distances from the center of the vertebral body and also to the center of the ascending aorta, the pulmonary trunk and the superior vena cava, the thymic-thoracic index were studied, and the dynamics of their growth were traced. For the first time quantitative criteria and dynamic features of the change (biparietal, fronto-occipital dimensions and head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, thymus size) in fetuses of HIV-infected pregnant women were determined. For the first time, the fetometric parameters of the bearing fruit in low-, medium- and high-growth pregnant brachy-, meso- and dolichomorphic somatotypes at the stages of the second and third ultrasonic screening. Correlation relationships of fetometry indicators with anthropometric parameters in low-, medium- and tall pregnant brachy-, mezo- and dolichomorphic somatotypes at the stages of the second and third ultrasonic screening survey are shown. The possibilities of morphometric analysis, wide study not only of anatomy, but also of the topography of organs, the application of the laws of teachings on age anatomy, individual anatomical variability, and clinical anthropology are shown on the example of thymus research, features of fetuses of HIV-infected pregnant women, fetuses of women of different constitution and growth.