The criminalistic description of vocalicity as a structural element of oral speech
The paper deals with the concept of oral speech, the description of its structure and criminalistic significance of vocalicity as one of the elements of oral speech. Ability to speak is one of the unique properties of the human, and speech is the most important factor in the development of the human psyche. Speech has long interested the researchers in linguistics and psychology, it is also the object of study in criminalistic science. Recorded speech becomes the carrier of forensically relevant information needed to identify and solve crimes. Speech carries signs and individual characteristics of the person. Speech is the most common source of information, both in everyday life and in the work of the investigator. The interest in the criminalistic study of speech is not surprising, since the investigator has traditionally received most of the information about a crime in the production of communicative investigation. Currently, studies of speech are important when choosing interrogation tactics, assessing the validity of the words of the person giving testimony. Oral speech is expressed with sounds, it has a sound form and can be heard. The structure of oral speech can be distinguished by its division into three elements: vocalicity, tone, and content. Vocal features include voice volume and speech tempo. These features are individual due to the unique structure of the vocal apparatus of each person. Volume is the value of the subjective perception of the intensity of the signal that depends on the frequency of the basic tone. Tempo means the number (duration) of certain parts of speech in time and pauses between speech segments. The psychological state of the person, expressed in the vocal characteristics of voice, in situations of greatest tension (for example, interrogation) can be used to objectively assess and control their emotional condition. Studying the properties of the voice of a criminal can help solve the crime by analyzing the vocal voice features during communicative investigation. Such characteristics include, first of all, the tempo of speech, which reduces in the state of apathy and increases in anger and rage. Vocal characteristics of the person depend on their belonging to a psychological type, details of which will help the investigator not only to establish psychological contact, but also to apply the most effective tactics in the production of interrogation.