C-/O-GLYCOSYL FLAVONES OF SILENE ITALICA
Chemical research of Silene genus focused on the study of terpene compounds including ecdysteroids and triterpenoids, to the detriment of other classes of compounds. One of these poorly estimated group of substances are flavonoids, namely C-/O-glycosyl flavones, widely represented within the family Caryophyllaceae. Early studies revealed the presence of some C-glycosyl flavones (Zemtsova, Dzhumyrko, 1976; Darmogray, 1977), but a detailed study of the flavonoids was not conducted. Application of high performance chromatography with diode-array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometry detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) allowed to found 14 flavonoids, which are C-, O- and C,O-glycosyl flavones in the aerial part of S. italica of Georgia origin. Ten components were discovered in S. italica for first time. The identified C-glycosides included monoglycosides as isoorientin, isovitexin, isoscoparin (chrysoeryol-6-C-glucoside) and diglycosides as carlinoside (luteolin-6-C-glucoside-8-C-arabinoside), schaftoside (apigenin-6-C-glucoside-8-C-arabinoside), isoschaftoside (luteolin-6-C-arabinoside-8-C-glucoside) and genkwanin-6-C-glucoside-8-C-arabinoside. Two O-glycosides, cosmosiin and cynaroside, and mixed C,O-glycosides as saponarin, isovitexin-2′′-O-arabinoside, isovitexin-6′′-O-arabinoside and O-hexosides od schaftosude and genkwanin-6-C-glucoside- 8-C-arabinoside were not previously identified in Silene genus. The known literature data (Mamadalieva et al., 2014) and the present data demonstrate the useful role of C-/O-glycosyl flavones in the systematics of the genus Silene.