Experimental models of venous thrombosis in small laboratory animals
In this review we describe and critically analyze the experimental models of venous thrombosis in rats and mice. The most commonly used models are stasis, stenosis, application of saline solutions (ferric chloride) and electrolytic model, which allow getting good reproducibility of venous thrombosis in small experimental animals. All of them allow us to study mechanisms of thrombus formation. In particular, microvascular thrombosis models allowing real-time observation and study of cellular mechanisms of thrombus growth. Recently, ultrasound imaging was used in preclinical studies on effectiveness of new anticoagulants. It allows observing and measuring thrombus in the process of its formation and after the administration of test compounds. The review provides data on gender differences and the characteristics of methods that can influence the nature of initiation of thrombus formation, the time of observation and the obtaining parameters.