Genes determining traits of rice yield (overview)
To increase rice grain harvests, breeding of new high-yielding varieties in different regions is necessary. Rice productivity consists of five main components: the number of plants per unit area, the number of shoots per plant, the number of grains in a panicle, the size and fertility of the grains. The essential characteristics for the production of rice grain is the habit of shoots and panicles, which is closely related to the yield potential due to tillering of vegetative shoots and branching of panicle. Important agronomic traits such as yield, disease resistance, and cereal quality are usually determined by many genes known as QTLs. Based on published data, the article presents an overview of the main genes / QTLs that directly affect the formation of plant productivity and biocenoses. Most important are recent advances in identifying and characterizing the main QTLs associated with high yields, such as the number of grains in a panicle, the size of the grains and their completeness, as well as bushiness.