Hypothesis: pathophysiological activation of endogenous retroviruses as exemplified by human immunodeficiency virus
Endogenous retroelements (ER) are known as integral structural and functional components of human genome, adapted by evolution to connect host molecules with extracellular environment. ERs are permanently active during different development stages and the state of the host organism. Particularly, ERs acting as DNA provirus or exogenous virion forms participate in the functions of innate and adaptive immunity thereby modulate immune responses and maintain homeostasis. The extreme loads by external stimuli (superantigens) can lead the immune system to a hyperactive state, at the same time causing hyperactivity and overexpression of ERs with the subsequent development of immunological consequences due to the properties of ER products.