YIELD AND ENERGY VALUE OF GRASS MIXTURES DEPENDING ON THE SEED WAY
The article presents the results of four years of research on the study of multicomponent grass mixtures for the creation of seeded cultivated pastures under the irrigation of the Volga delta on arable land. The aim of the research was to select a cover crop and an optimal herb mixture consisting of two cereal and two legume components. In the course of the research, generally accepted methods were used. Using the spring sowing period, cover crops such as sugar sorghum, grain sorghum and Sudan grass were studied. As a control, a bloodless method of sowing was adopted. Multicomponent grass mixtures were formed on the basis of wheat grass of the Ozernensky non-hives variety, the Martfinsky bilberry growner, the narrow-billed wheatgrass Prikaspiysky of the VNIIOOB selection, a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Educational Institution of Scientific and Applied Scientific Research, Russian Academy of Sciences. Alfalfa yellow and sainfoin were studied as a bean component. The article provides a literature review on the characteristics of the growth and development of perennial pasture grasses using integumentary and coverless sowing methods in various soil and climatic zones. In the goal, objectives, methods and research conditions section, a two-factor experiment scheme is presented with options for sowing and grass mixtures. As a result of the research, data were obtained on the growth and development of the aerial mass of multicomponent grass mixtures, depending on the methods of sowing. The yield of green and dry mass of multicomponent grass mixtures was determined depending on the cover crop. In cereal-bean grass mixtures of various botanical composition, the energy efficiency indicators for cultivating hayfields and pastures were determined by productivity results. The yield of gross and exchange energy in sub-cover crops was calculated. The total energy costs are determined, the energy coefficient and the net energy coefficient in MJ per hectare are established. The crude protein content in the studied variants was revealed, depending on the integumentary culture and the composition of the grass mixture. The research results are intended for use in dairy and beef cattle breeding with the combined (hay-pasture) method of using grass stand. We believe that one of the main sources of high-quality feed production in the semi-desert zone will be irrigated seeded pastures providing cheap nutritious pasture feed for the livestock industry.