STUDYING OF PIGMENTARY STRUCTURE OF SOME SPECIES OF WOOD PLANTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF TECHNOGENIC POLLUTION OF THE CITY OF KRASNOYARSK
Adaptation processes of Malus baccata Borkh are studied. and Tilia cordata Mill., growing in the main landings of Krasnoyarsk.Since one of the most important processes occurring in the plant organism is photosynthesis, the study of the pigment composition makes it possible to evaluate the ability of the plants under study to maintain vital activity under extreme conditions of technogenic pollution. In the course of our study, the concentration of chlorophylls “a”, “b”, their sums “a + b”, the ratio “a/b” and the sum of carotenoids were determined. The results of laboratory studies on the pigment composition of Malus baccata and Tilia cordata leaves growing in various environmental conditions in Krasnoyarsk showed that in the species under study in urban environment, the total content of all pigments (1.7-1.3 times) increases with respect to control. The concentration of chlorophylls and carotenoids varies considerably depending on the conditions of the growing places. The ratio a/b ratio characterizing the potential photochemical activity of the leaves also changed depending on the growth conditions. The decrease in the index was due to an increase in the concentration of chlorophyll b relative to chlorophyll a. At the same time, the amount of green pigments exceeded the control values practically in all the investigated territories. However, despite a significant change in theconcentration of pigments in the species under study in the conditions of the technogenic environment, the percentage distribution of these pigments in the total remained close to the control values, indicating a restructuring of the pigment complexes, which increases the adaptive capacity of the species.Studies have shown that Malus baccata and a Tilia cordata can adapt to the conditions of the urban environment, activating the synthesis of pigments, through which the process of photosynthesis is carried out. Our experiments have made it possible to identify the most polluted parts of the city, where the trees under investigation are in critical condition, exhausting the photosynthetic apparatus. As a rule, such areas are roadside plantations with a high concentration of road transport.