Signaling pathways: a mechanism for regulating the proliferation and survival of tumor cells
The review presents contemporary literature data on the main structural components of intracellular signaling pathways: auto/paracrine growth factors, their tyrosine kinase receptors and underlying signaling proteins. The main cellular signaling pathways (PI3K/Akt / mTOR and RAS/RAF/MAPK) and molecular genetic disorders of the key components of these pathways leading to the development of cancer are described in detail. Literature analysis has shown that one of the main mechanisms of carcinogenesis is the constant activation of a signaling pathway provided by various molecular mechanisms: gene amplification and mutations, an increased transcription activity of the main signaling cascade components.