HISTORY AND MODERN CONDITION OF THE SYSTEM OF TEACHING CHILDREN WITH HEARING DISORDERS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
The history of the development of special education is individual for each state. Despite the ongoing processes of globalization, involving a single educational space, in any country it has a significant impact on the approaches to teaching children with hearing impairments. Therefore, the successful construction of a national educational model cannot do without studying and understanding historical features. In this article, the authors explore the background, the main stages of the formation and the current state of the system of teaching hearing impaired and hearing impaired children in the Republic of Kazakhstan. A comparative analysis of the development of Surdopedagogical thought, starting from ancient times, is carried out. Variants of pedagogical influence on children experiencing problems with the perception of sound information are scientifically substantiated in antiquity, the Middle Ages and the new time based on the general characteristics of teaching methods in various historical periods, documentary and archival data. Using the retrospective method and the periodization method, the influence of political, social and economic factors on access to education of children with hearing impairment is considered. The historical features of the development of the Kazakh culture that influenced the special education system of Kazakhstan are revealed. The role of the Russian Empire and the USSR in the formation of the modern Kazakhstan network of schools for deaf and hearing-impaired children is considered.