Influence of the coastal zone anthropogenic load (lakes Turgoyak and Uvildy) on the zooplankton community
Technogenic impact on the hydroecological state of water bodies affects all formation stages of the aquatic ecosystems. Organisms such as plankton forming the basis trophic chains are especially sensitive to the impact. Conditions are created that change the species composition, diversity, size, mass, and dominance in plankton communities under complex load. Some South Ural lakes are natural monuments. The study of their main patterns in anthropogenic succession, phyto- and zooplankton communities, identification of natural and anthropogenic factors that determine their life cycles, as well as the relationship identification between specific indicators of the lake hydroecological state and anthropogenic load, are of paramount importance. This work examines the degradation degree of the coastal zones for lakes Turgoyak and Uvildy in the Chelyabinsk region. The degradation degree of coastal zones has been assessed by herbaceous vegetation, biodiversity, coverage density, and anthropogenic load of these areas. The landscape-recreational zones with varying digression degrees have been formed around the lakes under the recreational load influence. An anthropogenic transformation assessment has shown that percentage of the territories characterized by 4-5 digression stages increased to 40-45 % for Lake Uvildy and to 50-55 % for Lake Turgoyak in the 300-meter coastal zone. The results of the zooplankton species composition study in zones with various digression degrees have revealed more abundant growth of the littoral zooplankton in the lake parts under more optimal conditions of its development, such as lower recreational load and digression degree. Rotifers proliferate within biocenoces in parts with a higher digression stage due to their greater resistance to environmental degradation.