THEME OF MIRACULOUS BIRTH IN KARAKALPAK FOLK LEGENDS AND ITS HISTORICAL BASES
The present article deals with the analysis of leading motives of legend character’s miraculous birth. Historical bases of the motif was studied in comparision with the ancient archaic conceptions and with the motifs arising on the base of Moslem and before Islamic religious notions as well. It is proved that the ideal basis of miraculous birth motifs in legends, tales, epic poems are connected with the Greek, Babylon, Assyrian, Iranian, Central Asian myths of Creation Man in ancient times. “The Birth of Persey”, greek myths about “Devkalion and Pirre”, Iranian myths about the Birth of Kaiumars (Gaimartan from “Abesto”) are analyzed. The process of diffusion of the motif with the structural, semantic changes is interpreted. It is ascertained that the certain motif has various forms at different stages of the development of conscience and human civilization. The birth of main character without father in germ (embryo) (from sunrays, moonshine, windgust, seafoam, from water, fruits, charms of fruits, exorcism and etc), from intermarriage with animals and birds, gift of children to married couples from messengers of heavenly bodies or of other world, origin of miraculous phenomena in the days of character’s birth have been analyzed. All these have been grounded on the concrete materials rarely occurring in Legends of genealogical or ethnogenealogical features. In creation of character’s image, artistic mounting of ideologic content of the work and repercussion of events the poetic role of miraculous birth theme is of great imporfance. For example, artistic desert in creation of ideal images of world known historical persons as prophet Mogamed, Korkut ata, Iskander shakh, Chingiz khan, Amir Temur, Edige and others are revealed. In the article comparative historical method of investigation is used by accompaning typological analysis of plots. Comparative analysis of national peculiarities of motifs about miraculous Birth in Karakalpak folk legends with artistic works of other peoples is simultaneously carried out.