MORPHOFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF THE CILIATED EPITHELIUM IN VARIOUS RESPIRATORY TRACT
Mucociliary clearance (MCC) carries out the protective mechanisms of the ciliated epithelium of the nasal cavity and performs the cleansing function of the airways of the body. Many scientists around the world are interested in studying MCC due to the fact that it provides a non-specific mechanism that takes over the local protection of the respiratory mucosa, and also participates in the functioning of the mucociliary transport system (MCTS) of the airways and respiratory organs (in particular, the lungs). Of particular relevance to the study of this problem is the fact that as a result of infection with COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), the development of functional or structural disorders of the ciliated epithelium occurs, which leads to inadequate MCC and contributes to the accumulation of sputum. In this case, cough becomes the only effective mechanism for the rehabilitation of the tracheobronchial tree. Condition normal operation of the ICC, and therefore MCTS is "concerted" action secretory system of Airways and ciliary apparatus of the epithelial layer. Disorders of mucociliary transport (MCT) lead to chronic diseases of the respiratory tract, so the study of the motor activity of the epithelium in the experiment and in clinical practice plays an important role in the diagnosis and prevention of diseases of the upper respiratory tract, as well as in monitoring the effectiveness of their treatment. The activity of the cilia of the ciliated epithelium can be influenced by certain pharmacological agents (in particular, ointments, nasal sprays) and some acids. This paper provides a brief overview of a number of pathological conditions of the respiratory tract and the morphofunctional state of the ciliated epithelium. The question of the effect of certain pharmacological drugs on the transport activity of the ciliated epithelium is considered.