REGENERATION OF ENDOCRINE GASTROENTEROPANCREATIC SYSTEM IN EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL PATHOLOGY: CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT AND CURRENT PROBLEMS
Literature review contains the literature data and the results of author’s own investigations describing the coming into being and the development of the concepts on the regeneration of endocrine gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) system under the conditions of norm, experimental and clinical pathology. Data analysis permitted to reveal the similarities and differences in the course of this process in various organs of the digestive system. Endocrine GEP system renewal occurs at different levels of its organization. At the tissue level, the endocrine cells renewal occurs via the transformation of exocrine cells into the endocrine ones and as a result of differentiation from stem cells via the «agranular» cell stage which are precursors of the endocrine cells. This pathway of regeneration is the major one after the damage. Regeneration at cellular level occurs through mitotic division of the differentiated endocrine cells (early stage of regeneration) and as a result of the formation granules with different hormonal profile in D-cells. At the intracellular level, the regeneration is realized through the intracellular structure restoration after their damage induced by the increase of cell functional activity accompanied by degranulation and dystrophic changes development