BIOTECHNOLOGIES FOR UTILIZATION AS FERTILIZER THE WASTE FROM WINERIES AND ALCOHOL PRODUCTION ENTERPRISES
The article presented three technological biotechnologies for the utilization as fertilizers the waste from wineries and alcohol production enterprises. The definition is redefined in all technological models for the recovery of waste as a fertilizer. As study material they served: yeast, vinasse (waste from wine factories) and grain marc - spirit stillage (waste from the production of ethyl alcohol). The technologies are described on the basis of the researches carried out in two field experiments conducted at the "Codry" technological-experimental station in Chisinau municipality during 2011-2018. It is not recommended to apply solid yeasts to a temperature below minus 5 °C when frosting spreads unevenly. Calculation of solid fermented yeast dose with 1.5 % nitrogen for fertilization of vines planted with 2.5 m length and 100 m length. Every year in the country from 100 wine enterprises accumulate about 16 000 tonns of liquid wine yeast.