Clinical Metabolic Disorders in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Objective of the Review: to briefly present characteristics of clinical metabolic disorders in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) taking into account recent data. Key Points. PHPT, a most common cause of hypercalcemia, affects predominantly postmenopausal women. Over the previous 40 years, clinical features have been reviewed. The disease comprises three differing clinical phenotypes, and each of them has been thoroughly studied; as a result, new concepts emerged that relate to target organ damage and patient management. It is now accepted that PHPT comprises three clinical phenotypes: marked target organ damage, mild asymptomatic hypercalcemia, and a phenotype with high serum parathormone concentration with stable normal albumin-adjusted and ionised calcium. Conclusion. More and more information on PHPT signs and target organ damage is appearing; new patient management methods have been developed. New visualisation methods allowed identifying conditions which previously were diagnosed accidentally during biochemical testing. Awareness of possible signs of the disease is vital both for differential diagnosis and forecasting development of PHPT-associated pathologies.