Public baths-hammam in the medieval cities of Volga-Kama: the formation of traditions and peculiarity of the architecture
Problem statement. The purpose of the study is to explore the formation of tradition in the construction of baths-hammam, and to identify the features of their architecture in the medieval cities of the Volga-Kama region. In the vast bibliographic and full-scale material examines the development of stone public baths for over six and a half centuries during the periods of existence in the region of several medieval Muslim States. Results. The main results of the study are that the existence of a continuous tradition of building public baths-hammam in the Volga-Kama region of Eastern Europe for over six centuries. Common in Muslim countries type of bath-hammam in the cities of Volga-Kama acquired space planning and construction and technical features. Conclusions. The historical and scientific significance of the results lies in the fact that you have: 1. Not the research into the problem of historical and architectural science; 2. Continuity in the dissemination and development of baths-hamams in the Volga-Kama region for six and a half centuries, which contributed to the addition of traditions with the construction of this type of structures in the region; 3. In the history of medieval architecture of Muslim countries, the distribution of this type of buildings includes the most northerly location of the region of Volga-Kama. 4. The climatic differences of the region from the traditional distribution area of the baths-hammam in the Eastern Muslim countries has led to the emergence of features in the architectural and planning solutions of this type of buildings: traditional scheme with a minimum of areas of functional purpose, the construction of the vestibule and additional stoves, protection of vaulted-domed roof of the building from cold and precipitation by their thickening, the construction of decks and wooden roofs. 5. Identified building traditions and the architectural features of the baths-hammam of the Volga-Kama region allows to revive this type of public buildings in cities and settlements of Tatarstan.