The role of the contrada in Medieval Venice, Ferrara and Siena
The study of medieval Western European city - one of the central themes in world history. From the point of view of the methodology is productive description of processes of emergence and development of the city using a synergetic approach, recognizing the existence of common mechanisms of occurrence, development and functioning of the city as a whole, as the city is considered as a nonlinear synergetic self-organizing structure. This approach provides the appearance of the cities as self-organizing systems, smaller self-organizing structures. The study of the contrada in this series is especially relevant, because it allows you to get closer to the time of the spontaneous emergence of such communities and to trace their development up to our days. Most clearly the role of the contrada in the process of its formation and development can be traced back to Medieval Venice. L. G. Klimanov thought it was the contrada of the long-term sustainable existence of the Venetian Republic and defined it as the gradually emerging as part of the alloy in the neighboring community, parish and administrative territorial districts. This characteristic contrada taken as a basis in this paper and traced examples of medieval Ferrara, the medieval and modern Siena. In this article the thesis that the primary element in this triad was the neighborhood community, spontaneously arising, self-organizing at the birth and expansion of the city due to the influx of new population.