Burnout in the lives of schoolchildren and students: causes, consequences and ways to overcome
The article is devoted to the review of foreign studies of the phenomenon of burnout of school, college and university students. For academic burnout, a three-component structure corresponding to the traditional one is shown: exhaustion, cynicism, and low perceived effectiveness. The article presents works that investigate the influence of social (the quality of relationships with peers, teachers and close relatives) and individual (emotional and personal profiles, empathic abilities, optimism, personal resources) on the development of burnout symptoms in cross-sectional and longitudinal research formats. We analyzed research data on the impact of burnout and learning stress on the quality of life, psychological well-being and academic success of schoolchildren and students. Approaches to preventing the development of burnout, based on the provisions of positive psychology and psychology of motivation, are considered.