Depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders in 45-69-year-old population in Russia (Siberia): Epidemiological survey
Objective: to study the prevalence of depression and anxiety and the pattern of sleep disorders in 45-69-year-old population with different levels of depression and anxiety in Russia (Siberia). Patients and methods. A total of 4171 Novosibirsk dwellers were surveyed. Men and women were 42.4 and 57.6%, respectively. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the modified scales, such as Welsh's Depression (WD) and Bending's Anxiety (BA) Scales, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, and the Jenkins Sleep Questionnaire (JSQ). Results. Depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders are significantly common in the Russian/Siberian population aged 45-69 years. The frequency of high depression and anxiety levels were 20.4% (51.3% of the respondents had medium and high depression) and that of anxiety was 15.6% (61.8% of the respondents were found to have medium and high anxiety). The women were noted to have higher levels of depression (21.4%) and anxiety (17.8%) than the men (19 and 12.5%, respectively). No clear relationship was found between high depression levels and age. Apparently, the value of age after 45 years is reduced and the level of depression remains approximately the same in 45-69-year-olds. The study of the relationship between the level of anxiety and age established that it was absent in the older men aged 45-69 years and the women showed a U-distribution characterized by the maximum proportion of individuals with high and low anxiety levels in the 65-69-year age group. Impaired sleep quality and sleep duration were more common in women (24 and 62%) than in men (18 and 59%). There was a relationship between the high level of depression and the duration and quality of sleep: more than 40% of the respondents with high levels of depression had impaired sleep quality and 65% had impaired sleep duration. Conclusion. The high incidence of cardiovascular diseases in Siberia (Russia) is associated with the widespread of psychosocial risk factors, such as high anxiety and depression levels and sleep disorders. The survey has demonstrated that the population shows a high demand for preventing these conditions.