CONCEPTIONS OF ADAPTATION IN THE RUSSIAN SOCIOLOGICAL THOUGHT OF THE XIX CENTURY
The article is devoted to the presentation and comparison of the basic theoretical conceptions of the Russian sociologists of the XIX century concerning the essence and problems of social adaptation. The paper distinguishes and describes the specific features of the conceptual schemes of the phenomenon of adaptation developed by P. N. Tkachev, N. K. Mikhailovsky, S. N. Yuzhakov, L. I. Mechnikov and N. I. Kareev. The author summarizes the views of these scientists on such key points as the subjects of adaptation, its typology, the correlation of the notions “struggle for existence” and “adaptation”, the role of adaptation in the life and death of a subject, the mechanisms of adaptation. In conclusion the researcher examines possibilities for the application of the mentioned scientists’ conceptions of adaptation for the solution of the modern problems of the social adaptation of different categories of subjects.