REGENERATIVE PROCESSES IN THE FORESTS OF FIR ABIETETUMPOLONICUM (DZIUB. 1928) BR.-BL. ETVLIEG. 1939 (SOLSKA FOREST, POLAND)
The article presents the results of the forest, floristic, phytosociological and sozological plant communities with the participation of Abies alba Mill. in the Solska Forest (Poland). A special scientific interest for foresters have mixed forests of fir Abietetum polonicum (Dziub. 1928) Br.-Bl. etVlieg. 1939, in which, apart from mountain ranges in Europe are the only of its kind units forests. It is endemic to south-eastern Polish communites of the original forest floristic composition and structure. Well studed spruce-fir and beech - fir mountain forests of the Carpathians have quite different characteristics of upland mixed forests. In such circumstances, the environmental community with the participation of Abies alba formed almost without relief. During World War II, these forests were cut over large areas, so now you can watch the process of regeneration. Among the bands plant Abietetum polonicum in the Solska Forest currently three different types of morfologo-genetic. The first of these are pure pine forests of artificial origin, where Abiesalba is only in the undergrowth. This is the first stage of regeneration Abietetum polonicum. The second phase of regeneration occurs when Abies alba begins to dominate in all the lower layers of woody and Pinussylvestrishas only the first layer. The final phase of the regeneration Abietetum polonicum are natural plant communities, where Abies alba dominates in all layers. The herbal layers can also track the regenerative processes in mixed forests - in the initial phase is dominated by light and acidophilus species characteristic of pine forests, which gradually replaced by shade-loving species. Strategy of Abies alba in these woods like beech strategy in natural forests of beech, so Abietetum polonicum as beech forests, renew themselves quite well. According to the results of research on the creation of this type of plant communities and their diversity syntaxonomic is highly influenced by the type of soil, including its mechanical texture. In many cases, there is the phenomenon of “buried soils”, which explains the appearance of fir trees in deep layers of sand