Socio-psychological aspects of the psychological preparation of children of senior preschool age to the conditions of schooling
The authors disclose the problems of psychological readiness of children of senior preschool age to the conditions of schooling. Psychological readiness for school is a sufficient and necessary level of mental development of the child for mastering the school curriculum in conditions of training at the level with peers. The work reveals the essence of personal and intellectual readiness for school education, manifested in the development of the speech, arbitrary, intellectual and motivational spheres of the individual. The authors show that an important component of the psychological readiness for schooling is the formed motivation for learning and the social position of the student: the ability to contact peers, control one's behavior and emotions, and fulfill the requirements of the teacher. Therefore, the authors raise such an important component of school readiness as behavioral. The article deals with the socio-psychological aspects of the psychological preparation of children of senior preschool age to the conditions of schooling by the example of children who are pupils of kindergartens and children who do not attend kindergartens. The scientific novelty of the study is that the authors studied the influence of the microsocial environment on the level of psychological readiness of children of senior preschool age to the conditions of schooling; and also the authors developed and tested a comprehensive program for the preparation of children of senior preschool age to the conditions of schooling. The results obtained in the study broaden and deepen the existing ideas in psychology about the peculiarities of the formation of the "child-adult" relationships and their influence on the level of psychological readiness for schooling of children of senior preschool age who are brought up in the family and children of senior preschool age attending kindergarten. During the implementation of the program for the preparation of children of senior preschool age to the conditions of schooling, practical recommendations were developed aimed at providing psychological support to children of preschool age and forming a psychological readiness for schooling.