ARCHITECTURE OF BANKING INSTITUTIONS IN MANCHURIA: DEVELOPMENT PERIODS
The paper describes the developing architecture of banking institutions in Manchuria in the late 19th - first half of the 20th century. The classification of banking institutions based on nationality (foreign, Chinese, Manchukuo banks) and the scale of financial activity of organizations (local, provincial, national Chinese, international) was developed, which affected both the location of objects in the urban structure and stylistic and typological features. The development of banking architecture and the formation of typical spatial solutions for this kind of objects used in the region is addressed in more detail. There are four main stages of development associated with geopolitical changes in the region. The first stage (1898-1913) was the formation of banking institutions in the region, the prevalence of Russian and Japanese organizations, the use of neo-Renaissance motives. The second stage (1913-1924) was the active development of Chinese banking institutions based on tenement buildings in the Chinese-Western style. The third stage (1924-1932) was the acquisitions and mergers of small banking institutions, the formation of typology and stylistics of Japanese banking architecture based on neoclassical approaches and its borrowing in the Chinese architecture of banking institutions. The fourth stage (1932-1942) was the absorption of most Chinese and foreign banks by the state-owned banks of Manchukuo, which continued the development of the typology used in Japanese buildings.