Fertilizer effect on productivity and grain quality of winter crops in the Ural conditions
The optimal dose of fertilizer for winter crops is determine: Perm region's traditional winter rye variety Falenskaya 4 and new -Moscowskaya 39 variety wheat and triticale variety Antey grown after clover 2 year usage investigated use of different doses of mineral fertilizers. Scheme of the experiment: control, pre-sowing application of complete fertilizer (in the form of nitroammophoska) at doses N30P30K30; N60P60K60; N90P90K90 combined with fertilizing with ammonium nitrate at dose of N30 by spring harrowing and without feeding. Sod-podzolic heavy loamy soil. Given good wintering of winter crops (60-86%), the climatic conditions in winter and early spring in the Urals are generally favorable for cultivation of all crops investigated in experiment. Revealed significant increase in yield from 3.11 t ha-1 of winter rye in control to 4.10 t ha-1 in the form N30P30K30 + N30, with 2.33 t ha-1 of winter wheat to 3.27 t ha-1 in the form N30P30K30 + N30, with 3.10 t ha-1 of winter triticale to 4.38 t ha-1.Further increases in doses of mineral fertilizers provided tend yield increase. Found that grain yield of winter rye good quality (food grade 2, and winter triticale (forage grade 1) not less than 4 t ha of winter wheat (food grade 2) not less than 3 t ha-1 in the cultivation of clover after clover 2 year usage at the average profitability of grain production - 42% provides a pre-sowing application of complete fertilizer at a dose N30P30K30 combined with the spring fertilizing with ammonium nitrate at a dose of N30.