An addition to pharmacological correction of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with metabolic syndrome
Obesity is the cause of many diseases, as well as psycho-emotional, social and economic problems. Factors predisposing to the development of metabolic syndrome are genetic predisposition, advanced age, postmenopausal status in women, behavioral factors (a sedentary lifestyle, the predominance of fatty foods in the diet), and low socioeconomic status. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by an increase in the mass of visceral fat, a decrease in the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin and hyperinsulinemia, which cause the development of disorders of carbohydrate, lipid, purine metabolism and arterial hypertension. The presence of metabolic syndrome leads to an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The risk of mortality associated with cardiovascular disease is also higher in those diagnosed with this syndrome. Fiber supplements can be a convenient and cost-effective alternative to increase fiber content in the diet without the need for other major dietary modifications. Psyllium has been extensively researched as it is found in many popular over-the-counter laxatives around the world. Numerous studies point to improved glycemic and HbA1c control in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who consumed more dietary fiber. According to the Food and Drugs Administration of the United States, consumption of 1.78 g of psyllium per serving (4 servings per day) improves lipid levels, reduces cardiovascular risk factors. Studies have not shown any improvement in BP or vascular function in overweight and obese individuals with psyllium fiber supplementation during the 12 weeks of intervention. A 2016 randomized clinical trial showed statistically significant reductions in weight, body mass index, and waist and hip circumference in patients with type 2 diabetes. In the Russian Federation, psyllium is also presented in the form of the drug.