ADAPTIVE RESPONSE OF WINTER CROPS TO AGROECOLOGICAL VEGETATION CONDITIONS IN THE UDMURT REPUBLIC
The paper point out that high and stable crop yield is possible in case of complex consideration of all agroecological factors, which are necessary for efficient growth and development of crops. One of the most important tasks in plant breeding is to place crops and varieties in the climate zones in the right way and consider their adaptability to the local conditions. The authors represent the results of agroecological research on winter crops carried out on the experimental plots in different agroclimate conditions of the Udmurt Republic in 2011-2014. Rye is the main winter crop in the Udmurt Republic; it takes the most part of the area in the structure of winter crops sowings. Rye crop yield on the experimental plots of the northern zone was 2.06 tones/ha for 4 years; central zone - 2.21 tones/ha and south zone - 3.63 tones/ha. Winter triticale and winter wheat are not so resistant to winter conditions and not wide spread in the Republic; they have equal parameters in resistance to winter conditions and suffering from rotting. During research, the crop yield of winter wheat and winter triticale was received in the third south zone. The experiment showed that sowings suffered from white mold and wheat crown rot for 2 years of 4 in the northern zone and they died. The problem of cultivating winter triticale and winter wheat on the big areas of the Udmurt Republic can be solved by means new varieties with high resistance to winter conditions. The selection carried out in Udmurt Research Institute of Agriculture results in the development of new winter wheat variety Italmas and its testing.