PROTECTION OF Allium L. species in view of their life strategy
Identifying the features of species life strategy in specific growth conditions is necessary for planning protection measures. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to give recommendations for protection, restoration and introduction of the species in accordance with their life strategy. The article presents the results of the 7-year study on the survival strategies of 20 species of genus Allium, growing on the territory of Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia-Alania, Ingushetia and Dagestan. As a result of studies we found that the most effective protection measures for A. victorialis, A. ursinum, A. schoenoprasum, A. szovitsii are the actions aimed at ensuring the implementation of C-components of their survival strategies: a temporary limitation or a complete ban on economic and recreational activities. In introduction conditions of these species it is advisable to carry out activities aimed at increasing of soil fertility, regulation of light and water regimes. For species of wild onions with a mixed SR strategy the protecting actions should be aimed at maintaining and strengthening the R-component of strategy. Thus the limitation of grazing has a positive effect on maintenance of A. globosum, A. inaequale, A. fuscoviolaceum, A. sphaerocephalon populations growing on sand-stony slopes. For A. erubescens, A. rotundum and A. atroviolaceum we recommend creating the seed banks with a regular sowing in eroded phytocoenoses. The density of A. albidum, A. ruprechtii, A. moschatum, A. pseudoflavum, A. kunthianum in meadows can be improved by periodic mowing and regulation of grazing. High density of A. albidum, A gunibicum, A. saxatile, A. ruprechtii, A. moschatum, A. pseudoflavum cenopopulations is reached on rocky terraces by S-survival strategy. These species should be used for creating of alpine rocky gardens. The measures aimed at reducing interspecies competition in meadow phytocenoses can help to raise the number of plants of stress-tolerant species A. paniculatum, A. saxatile and A gunibicum.