Use of a number of masculinization markers in the study of youth athletes in different kinds of martial arts
The article presents materials for determining the indicators of several diagnostic markers of mor-pho functional index values that confirm the ongoing process of masculinization in young female athletes engaged in various types of martial arts. A total of 121 female athletes representing 9 types of martial arts were examined: the classical and freestyle wrestling, sambo, kickboxing, taekwondo, judo, Kyokushinkai karate, boxing, pankration, and mixed martial arts. The analysis of six morpho functional index values was carried out: body mass index, index of sexual dimorphism according to J. Tanner, Andromorphy Index, Masculinization Index, Relative Pelvic Width Index, or morphine index for women. The index values confirmed the morphological signs of masculinization in female athletes, such as: the morphia index corresponds to the values of stenopyelia, or narrow pelvis, the andromorphy index corresponds to the indicators of the android type. Index of sexual dimorphism in those engaged in classical wrestling and taekwondo corresponds to the transitional, mesomorphic sexual somatotype with upper boundary values, in other types of athletes we have indicators of the inverse value for women-a mesomorphic sexual somatotype. Masculinization Index in most female athletes indicates clear decrease in the balance of sex steroid hormones in the direction of hyperandrogenism and hypoestrogenism. Intensive training in different types of martial arts leads to adaptive somatic changes in the body of female athletes in the direction of displacement - to mesomorphic and even, the opposite for women, andromorphic sexual somatotypes. The morpho functional indices used in the study can be used in combination as markers for determining the processes of adaptive morphological masculinization in female athletes, are non-invasive and easily accessible diagnostic methods in sports morphology and sports practice.