GENETIC PREDICTORS OF BONE MINERAL DENSITY
The article presents an overview of current experimental and clinical research of genetic factors determining the differentiation and function of bone cells (osteoblasts and osteoclasts) which predetermine the collagen structure and metabolism as well as the mineral components (calcium and phosphorus compounds) levels in the intercellular substance of bone tissue; of the encoding molecules providing the regulatory reactions cascade. The importance of studying genetic factors of osteoporosis is caused by the high genetic determination of the individual peak bone mineral density (50—85%) including the spine values — by 56%, the femur ones — by 37—53%, the wrist values — by 37—71%. The total environmental factors contribution to the phenotypic variability for the vertebral bone mineral density is 23%, for the femur one — 13%, for the wrist density — 2—22%.