To the discussion on the problems of doping in sport - 2021
This article presents generalized information about the biological passport of athletes based on their genotype, which is necessary to achieve high sports results in the chosen sport, the expression levels of these genes at rest and during exercise, as well as the genes for occupational pathology risk. The article also talks about all kinds of methods for detecting gene doping, including muscle biopsy; measurement of plasma protein levels; detecting viruses in blood, urine, or saliva (often false alarms); the difference between endogenous (own) proteins from the imported ones; identification of genetic material with the absence of introns (transgenic DNA in the structure does not contain parts of intron sequences, unlike genomic DNA); use of special labeling of genetic products by manufacturers.