Obtaining Peptide and Amino Acid Ingredients by Enzymatic Treatment of Aspergillus oryzae Biomass
Currently, special attention is paid to research on the use of residual biomass of Aspergillus fungi as a substrate for the production of food and feed ingredients. The most promising is the polymers of mycelial biomass biocatalytic conversion method, which increases the availability of biologically valuable cell components. The purpose of the present research was a development of the conditions for enzymatic destruction of cell wall polysaccharides and protein substances of fungal biomass, a secondary raw materials of enzyme production, to obtain peptide-amino acid ingredients. It has been established that the use of the enzymatic system, including intracellular proteinases and peptidases and a complex of exogenous β-glucanases, as well as the regulation of the duration of their exposure, provide for the production of fermentolysates with a given structural fractional composition. The molecular mass distribution studies of peptide fractions in the fungal biomass fermentolysates showed that during 6 hours of hydrolysis, the peptides proportion with MM over 29.0 kDa decreased by 2.8 times, and over 12 hours – by 4.7 times. The content of low molecular weight peptides with molecular mass (ММ) less than 1.6 kDa increased 1.4 times, which accounted for 47.9% of the total. The peptides spectra comparative analysis with MM less than 1000 Da in the enzyme isolates of fungal biomass after 6 h and 12 h of hydrolysis showed significant differences in their composition. The peptides content with an MM of less than 500 Da and of free amino acids growing with an increase in the hydrolysis duration of 1.6 times. The research results confirm the promise of creating functional ingredients and dietary supplements enriched with a peptide-amino acid component with a predominant content of free amino acids and short bioactive peptides by enzymatic treatment of fungal biomass.