Thought and world: Ancient Greek philosophy on the way to fundamental ontology
The idea of metaphysical interconnection, intentional orientation of “thought” on “world” and “world” being constituted and first-seen only in and by “thought” comes back into the focus of modern philosophy due to Martin Heidegger and his project of fundamental ontology. Yet Heidegger’s turn became possible because it was provided with the great amount of preceding philosophical work, starting with Descartes, who discovered the possibility of “doubt” as purely intellectual procedure questioning the basic essential and existential reality of “world”, through Kant, who made “world” one of the ideas of his Pure Reason, to Husserl, who developed phenomenological methods of exploration of how “world” appears and is given to conscience. After Heidegger the examples of mutual “though-world” metaphysics can be found in European post-structuralism (Gilles Deleuze), in the works of Russian original thinkers like Vladimir Bibikhin. “World” is not only a border-notion but also an ideal conceptual medium between phenomenon and noumenon, which is to be searched not in the physical structure of man, but rather in language, perception and thought reflecting and expressing each other