Factorial conditions for the development of the nuclear power complex in the contextual framework of international and regional specialization
The article considers the main factors of nuclear power development within the framework of the global energy balance. In the framework of modern economic space the nuclear industry is one of the key, strategically important branches of domestic economy both of the country as a whole, and of its individual regions, the development of which is given priority by the state. And there is a reason for this: energy consumption is increasing both in Russia and within the global world community of countries and the need for a reliable energy source is growing. Such sources include nuclear energy. The development of the nuclear industry depends on a number of external and internal environmental factors, which can be divided into the following blocks: legal, economic, technological, and environmental. The ultimate task of legal regulation in the field of atomic energy use is to provide safety for people and the environment. At present there is a set of legal norms and institutes that regulate a branch of the Russian law - nuclear law, which combines a complex of norms of civil, constitutional, administrative, environmental, land and other branches of law. Economic factors, in addition to those that determine the development of any strategic industry, such as production costs, include questions of market macroeconomics, feasibility of import substitution, matching supply and demand, supply geography, availability of supply chains, and physical location of nuclear facilities. In addition to the development of fundamental sciences (physics, chemistry, other branches of natural science), technological factors include peculiarities of development of nuclear energy production technologies, construction of new generation reference NPPs, improvement of the complex of material and technical base and service. One of the main aspects that act as an obstacle in the development of world nuclear power is the ecological one. It is the ecological factor that is given special attention all over the world in the first place.