Placental dysfunction and gene polymorphism of glutathione-S-transferase
The health of a fetus depends on both the genetic program of its development and the structural and functional adequacy of placenta. Our research envisaged the use of the molecular genetic method to identify deletion and allelic polymorphism of the GSTT1, GSTM1 genes in homozygous condition and we planned to designate the identified genotypes as the deletion variant (GSTT1 deletion, GSTM1 deletion) or the allelic variant (GSTT1 allele, GSTM1 allelе). The identification of allelic polymorphism of the GSTT1, GSTM1 genes has been carried out using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the automatic mode in the GeneAmp 2400, GeneAmp 2700 (Applied Biosystems) thermal cyclers with primers. To calculate and compare the average values of digital data as well as to assess the validity of the obtained results, we have used the methods of assessing the difference between the shares of analysis of average trends (Student’s t-test) and correlation analysis. The research involved 105 women, of which 50 pregnant women had local non-progressive abruption of placenta. Group I included 33 women with placental dysfunction, who gave birth to babies with body weights within the average statistic gestational norm, Group II - 17 women with placental dysfunction and the development delay syndrome in their newborn babies. When researching deletion polymorphism of the GSTT1, GSTM1 genes and A313G GSTP1 polymorphism, we have found out in all (n=105) women (50 patients of the basic groups and 55 women of the reference group) the following distribution of polymorphous variants of the researched genes: the GSTT1 allele genotype has made up 81.90%, GSTT1 deletion - 18.10%, GSTM1 allele - 55.24%, and GSTM1 deletion - 44.76%. The percentage of the GSTP1 polymorphous variants has been as follows: АА genotype - 54.29%, AG - 38.10%, GG - 9.52%. The genotype combinations GSTT1 allele, GSTM1 allele, 313AA of the GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1 genes create no conditions for and clearly reduce the risk of placental dysfunction and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) with local non-progressive abruption of placenta.