Callus in vitro as a Model System for Investigation of Plant Stress-Resistance to Abiotic Factors (by the Example of Cereals)
The published data on various aspects of using callus cultures in vitro as model systems for studying the plant stress-resistance to abiotic factors by the example of cereals are presented. The main attention is paid to studies of calli in vitro for the assessment of plant stress-resistance to the drought factor. The advantages and limitations of callus cultures in vitro as experimental methods for obtaining of stress-resistant regenerants are considered. The issue of studying anti-stress effects in callus cultures in vitro is analyzed. The model conditions of callus culture in vitro are shown to be prospective for studying the mechanisms of the action of abiotic stressors and plant resistance at the cellular and tissue levels. It is emphasized that the basis for the use of calli as model systems is both the important role of cell in all the morphogenetic events of plant organism in vivo and in vitro and the similarity of plant responses in vivo, calli in vitro, and regenerants of callus origin in vitro and ex vitro.