INFLUENCE OF FACTORS OF CULTIVATION ENVIRONMENT ON FORMATION OF EMBRYONIC FLOWERS IN THE CENTRAL GRAPES BUDS
The research is carried out in the Riesling vineyard under the agric-ecological conditions of the Black Sea area of viticulture (Anapa). In is known that the technical Riesling grapes has a high productivity of shoots. Also we know, that there is a close relationship of formation and differentiation of embryonic inflorescences of grapes varieties from the genetic characteristics, hormonal plants status, balance of nutrition and weather-conditions. The task of the research was to identify the effect of air temperature and density of bushes planting on laying of generative organs in the buds of Riesling grapes. It is shown that under the agric-ecological conditions of the Black Sea area of the Southern Russia viticulture the formation of rudimentary inflorescence occurs sequentially. Monitoring of grapes plants development shows that the first inflorescence was formed completely to July 1, the second inflorescence - to 22 of July. The period from the appearance of generative hillock to the formation of the first inflorescence was 25 days. On the differentiated inflorescences the coefficient of fruiting in the middle of July (K1) was the largest (> 1.0) in the area of 4-6 buds. In subsequent periods (22.07 and 05.08) a zone of differentiated inflorescences with a coefficient of fruitage > 1 has expanded from 2 to 7 buds. It was found that more intensively the differentiation of embryonic inflorescences takes a place in the rare planting of vineyards (3,5 × 2,0 m), compared with a tight planting (2,5 × 1 m). The more intensive differentiation of embryonic inflorescences of Riesling grapes is noted in a zone 2-7 buds. This fact must be taken into account when the calculating of the vines load and the execute of pruning are needed.