Exploration and mining activities
The article discusses mechanisms designed to predict geo-ecological, geo-chemical, geo-morphological and geo-technical, complications, examining those likely to arise during the hydrological cycles of marine exploration and mining activities. It adds that structural form, structure and bottom sediment thickness are all considered as factors influencing the geo-ecological safety of explorations. Bottom sediments, the critique relates, are loose and lumpy rocks and debris of carbonate mass and/or rich shells. In the context of sediment lithology, erosional forms which cut layers into the underlying deposits appear as paleo-trough and river incisions. The latter are likely to cause risks for offshore explorations. Moreover, marine areas featuring sediments with a predominance of Micaceous or Smectite mineral packages may inhibit projected geological drilling or other operational roles (such as laying pipelines or establishing communication facilities). At this stage, the paper indicates that sediments which feature abnormal accumulations of gases (ultra-elastic energy) could lead to crises and industrial accidents. Gas anomalies, according to the commentary, are characterized by peculiar intensity rates and dynamic parameters; they are normally located in the vicinity of large, man-made geo-ecological fields. The document says that functional engineering structures, subject to vibration, could cause dilution of the observed sediments, reducing their carrying capacity and spontaneous-emission bottom gases. The blueprint also suggests that liquefaction of loose rocks affects the angle of internal friction, reducing the shear resistance and stability of marine engineering structures and buildings.