Studying the smooth brome collection under the extreme Oymyakon conditions
The article presents the research materials by the honored agronomist of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Z.G. Efimova and A.Z. Platonova during 1997-2001 in the Oymyakon conditions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The collection of smooth brome, Irkutsk brome, Karavaev’s brome and meadow brome from the VIR world collection was taken as an object of research. The subject of the study is the agrobiological features of different brome types in the very extreme conditions of Oymyakon. The purpose of the work is extensive assessing of the collection of different brome types with selecting the most promising forms for further selection in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The research results showed that to create promising source material in the Far North the local wild-growing forms (Karavaev’s brome, Irkutsk brome and smooth brome) are more suitable, since other samples from other regions in the VIR world collection do not survive in the harsh Oymyakon wintering conditions. From the studied samples of the collection, ten best samples from Central Yakutia and Oymyakon (the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)) were singled out according to their economically valuable traits. Four samples in the 4-5th year of plant life provided the yield of green mass of 640...2277 g/m2, seed productivity of 21...22.5 g/m2, six samples in the 3-4th year of life formed the yield of green mass 991.5...1433 g/m2 (НСР05 = 15.2 g/m2) with the seed yield of 17.5...28.5 g/m2, which exceeded the standard Kamalinsky 14 variety by 2.4...3 times (НСР05 = 1.7 g/m2). At the same time, the assessment of resistance to winter grazing showed that the root mass on the arable horizon of the soil was 0.4 kg/m for the standard, and four samples had the maximum increase of 1.2...1.32 kg/m2, two samples in the 4th year of life had 0.9...0.95 kg/m2 (НСР05 = 0.7 kg/m2)