Russian Procuracy reformation (under the judiciary reform of 1864 and the Concept of the judicial reform in the Russian Federation of 1991)
The research has been conducted in the area of public relations in terms of tendencies of Russia’s procuracy reformation under the acts of the XIX and XX centuries. The author has subjected to a thorough investigation not only the laws, but also the numerous by-laws; on the basis of these analysis the author makes the conclusion that many crucial issues connected with procuracy’s structure and activities have not been studied properly despite their great importance. They are the following issues: the place of the procuracy in the system of the power branches, the issue of the procuracy’s centralization, the issue of vesting the procu racy with special powers, etc. Special attention was given to the legal position of procurator in pretrial stages of criminal procedure. In the course of the research there have been used the following methods: the comparative legal method, the historical method, the systematic structural method and the method of systematic functional analysis. The scientific novelty of the research is in the fact that for the first time in history there have been subjected to comparative analysis the acts referring to procuracy of the mid-XIX and the end of the XX centuries as well as the position of procurator in pretrial stages of criminal procedure. The performed study has given the author ground to draw the conclusion that at all the stages the procuracy performs the unique function - carrying out supervisory activities in the course of interrogation and preliminary investigation, while criminal prosecution (bringing charges) is regarded as a part of procurator’s supervisory activities aimed at exposing crimes; the second part is realized while sustaining charges in court.