CONTENT OF EXTRACTABLE SUBSTANCES IN THE FRUIT OF THE DWARF MANDARIN IN THE CONDITIONS OF DAMP SUBTROPICS OF KRASNODAR REGION
The article presents the results of research on the chemical composition of fruits of different varieties and hybrids of dwarf mandarin which grown in the subtropical zone of the black sea coast of the Russian Federation. In the Institute of floriculture and subtropical crops are doing the selection work at studying the existing collection of citrus, the selection of the most valuable varieties and hybrids of domestic and foreign selection for their subsequent reproduction and widespread adoption. The significant influence of weather conditions of the vegetation period and genotypic features on the chemical composition of mandarin fruits was noted. It is established that favorable weather conditions at the time of fruit filling (September-October) contributed to the reliable enrichment of their ascorbic acid and sugars. The analysis showed a slight variation in the total amount of sugars (TO) in the studied fruits (on average from 6.86% to 9.35%) under the influence of the temperature factor. The hybrid N 16954 and ‘Kodorskj varieties have the maximum content of total sugar (9.00 - 9.35 %), the minimum - in varieties ‘Slava Vavilova’ and С. unshiu (7.11 %). Titratable acidity at experience made the average up 1.23 - 1.49 percent. A close relationship between the accumulation of organic acids in mandarin fruits and hydrothermal factors of the growing season was revealed. A direct correlation between the dry matter content and the temperature factor and the inverse dependence of this value on the amount of precipitation during the growing season was established. We was found that mandarin were characterized by a fairly high content of ascorbic acid (an average of 55.82 mg/%). At the same time, there is a significant variability (V,% - 15-27) in the amount of ascorbic acid, which is associated with weather conditions of growing seasons and genotypic features of varieties. The best results throughout the period of research showed fruit of varieties ‘Kodorskij’ and hybrid N 16954. They were characterized by high levels of ascorbic acid, total sugar, and low acidity and had a balanced taste. These varieties are promising for cultivation in subtropical conditions of Krasnodar region.