Formation of psychological borders personality in normal and pathological speech disorders
The Article is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of psychological boundaries of personality (boundaries of Self). The research focuses on the specific conditions of development and prerequisites of deformation of psychological boundaries in speech disorders. The basic views of domestic and foreign researchers on the essence of the psychological border are systematized: the border as a systemic and dynamic phenomenon. We consider the evolution of psychological boundaries, including the gradual transition from unity with the outside world to the Autonomous and independent functioning of the subject of interaction. Special emphasis is placed on childhood as the most sensitive period for the development of personality boundaries. Presents the factors and conditions that promote/hinder the establishment of the boundaries of the individual: the level of development of cognitive, affective-volitional and communicative spheres; the specificity of the social interaction (with a significant adult at an early age, in subsystems of the family, among peers); the situation of a traumatic nature; disontogenetic factors etc. We consider the preconditions of the deformation of psychological boundaries in children with impaired speech: impaired emotional communication with an adult in the early stages; the incompleteness of the various components of the linguistic system that determine the violation of speech mediation; communicative incompetence; reduced need for communication of personal strain - fixity of the defect, the subj ective feeling of inferiority. The paper presents the results of a pilot study of the specifics of psychological boundaries of older preschoolers with speech disorders, which allowed to identify: passivity, decrease in the intensity of border movement, static, low permeability and flexibility; the use of negatively colored, non-verbal methods of border protection.