The Maternal Relation as a Factor of Development of Children’s Somatic Disease
The article is devoted to research of influence of psychological factors (the maternal relation and qualities of the mother’s identity) on development of children’s bronchial asthma. Data of the empirical research of 40 children who have bronchial asthma and 30 children from the high risk group on development of this disease, and also their mothers are provided. Age of children is 3 - 6 years. Research problems were implemented by means of the complex of clinic-psychology-pedagogical methods and certain techniques: supervision, interviewing, a clinic-anamnestic method, a questionnaire "Analysis of Family Up-Bringing" by E. G. Eydemiller and V. Yustitskis, a questionnaire "Scale of Family Environment", R.H.Moos, R. Kettell's 16-factorial personal questionnaire, a test "House. Tree. Person", “Nonexistent Animal Test”. The system of the sanogenic factors is revealed at risk of development of bronchial asthma: emotional acceptance of the child by the mother, introversion, ingenuity and adequate self-assessment of the mother, a high level of expressivity in the family, a low degree of the family organization. It is established that the pathogenic factor provoking development of bronchial asthma of the child with hereditary and constitutional predisposition to this disease, is emotional rejection of the child by the mother, hiding under "the mask" of alarm and guardianship. The contradiction between the emotional and behavioural party of the mother’s attitude to the child, promoting formation of conditional desirability of the disease for the family, is one of mechanisms of influence of the maternal relation on development of children's bronchial asthma.