ECOLOGICAL - GEOGRAPHICAL AND EPIZOOTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ANIMAL LEPTOSPIROSIS IN THE SOUTH - EAST OF KAZAKHSTAN
Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis. Being typical hydrobionts, leptospira are able to survive for a long time in natural water bodies, which play an important role in maintaining the cycle of human and animal infection. The purpose of the research was to study predisposing ecological and geographical factors and epizootological features of animal leptospirosis in the south - east of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Among the ecological and geographical preconditions for the emergence and spread of leptospirosis in animals in this region is a warm, moderately humid climate, with a developed network of small rivers and lakes, a large density of susceptible to leptospirosis of agricultural, non - productive domestic and wild animals. The article presents the results of the study of leptospira distribution in water samples from large natural sources (Ili River, Lake Balkhash, Kapchagai Reservoir) by massive parallel sequencing and further metagenomic analysis. Regardless of the geographical location of the collection of aquatic samples in the region, the number of reads corresponding to leptospira is from 0.4 to 0.6% of the total number of reads related to bacteria. The proportion of pathogenic leptospira in the total number of reads belonging to the genus Leptospira in the Ili River water is from 14.81%, Kapchagai reservoir - 11.73%, Lake Balkhash - 21%. Examination of farm animals for leptospirosis showed that the infection rate of cattle with leptospirosis in Microagglutination reaction was 5.8%, in small cattle - 3.8%, in pigs - 4.5%. The infection rate of animals by ELISA exceeds Microagglutination reaction results by 1.4%. At the same time, the proportion of positively reacting animals among cattle was 7.87%, in small ruminants - 4.64%, in pigs - 4.5%. The etiological structure of leptospirosis in cattle is represented by Leptospira Pomona, Hebdomadis, in small ruminants - Grippotyphosa, in pigs - Pomona