Prospects for Using a Typological Approach in the Theory and Practice of Personality Modeling: Forensic and Criminal Procedural Aspects
The article reveals a complex of problems of using the method of biographical analysis in studies of the personality of the accused. The range of problems involves criminal, criminal procedure, tactical and criminalistic aspects. The object of the research was the prospects for using the typological approach in the theory and practice of forensic modeling of personality. The study is based on the following general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, system-structural. The study also employs the following specific scientific methods: biographical analysis, statistical analysis, expert assessment. The following conclusions are made in the article. The accentuated type is determined primarily genetically, the accused acquires it from birth. The type determines the form of adaptation in the environment and in society. The biological parameters of the personality of the accused are closely related to the character accentuation. The latter best manifests itself at the stage of direct investigative actions, including their repeated conduct, and determines the effectiveness of methods of psychological influence. The stratum the accused belongs to is determined by society: growing up, the accused socializes and gains access to certain social clusters, which in total characterize the stratum and determine the social connections and personal potential of the accused. The social characteristics of the personality of the accused are closely related to the social stratum the accused belongs to. The stratum best manifests itself at the preparatory stages of investigative actions and determines the range of sources of information about the accused. The psychological attitude is due to adaptation in the process of growing up; it is closely related to the mechanisms of mental defense and is a source of motivation for all actions, decisions and choices throughout life. Individual psychological personality traits are closely related to the psychological attitude and mechanisms of mental defense. They best manifest themselves at the initial stage of the investigative action and determine the specifics of establishing psychological contact during the first interrogation. Despite the fact that the division of all biographical information about the personality of the accused is rather conditional and the use of three typologies at the level of the model of the personality of the accused is equally conditional, the use of at least this number of typologies seems reasonable at the initial stage of research at this level.