Fractal aspects of the taxic diversity
Two approaches are suggested for describing taxic diversity as a fractal, or self-similar, object. One of them called "sampling approach" is based on necessity of taking into account the sampling process and on proceeding from the real ecological practice of exploration of the community structure. Verification of this approach is fulfilled using a multifractal analysis of the generic diversity of vascular plants of the National Park "Samarskaya Luka". The previously revealed regularities of multifractal spectrum of the species structure of communities are shown to be true to an extent for the generic structure, as well. The second approach called "topological" one is based on an abstract representation of the results of evolutionary process in form of phylogenetic tree characterized by a non-trivial topological structure. Approbations of this approach is fulfilled by analysis of topological structure of the taxonomic tree of the class Mammalia, our calculations indicating fractal properties of its graph. These results make it reasonable to suppose that the taxic diversity, as a replica of the real diversity of the fractally organized organic world, also possesses self-similar (fractal) structure.