NUCLEAR POWER IN THE GLOBAL ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
The article compares the influence of various types of energy production on man and the environment: carbon sources (coal, oil, gas), hydro and nuclear energy. Dynamics of the world consumption of primary energy sources for the last 100 years (1900-2000), including atomic energy, which began in the 60s of the 20th century (World average consumption of all types of energy for 100 years Grew by 17 times, with a four-fold increase in the population). Oil and gas today are the basis of the economy of modern society. Annually, 9 billion tons of conventional fuel is burned in the world, resulting in millions of tons of carbon oxides, nitrogen, sulfur, which fall to the Earth in the form of acid rain, which leads to the death of biota. The article gives examples of the impact on the biota and human enterprises of hydrocarbon energy (TPP, TPP, GRES, RTS, boiler houses), as well as the so-called "small energy". The special table shows the participation of the main industrial countries in the world in creating a greenhouse effect and climate warming (in these processes, NPPs are not involved). However, nuclear energy has its own environmental problems: - huge damage from possible accidents; - Problems of nuclear waste management; - while in the world there is no experience of decommissioning of nuclear power plants from exploitation with reclamation of used territory. Prospects of the nuclear industry will depend on ensuring trouble-free operation, addressing the issues of reprocessing and disposal of spent nuclear fuel.