The ideas of conservatism in the methodology of legal psychology and psychotherapy of convicts
The article substantiates the need for a conservative approach to the development of the theoretical base of the methodology of legal psychology and psychotherapy of convicts in the perspective of traditional ideas about the spiritual essence of man. A philosophical and anthropological analysis of spirituality actualizes the importance of traditional conservative approaches to cognition of the spiritual sphere of man, allowing the inclusion of theological paradigms and principles in the form of a set of exegetical examples of Holy Scripture and other creations of the Church. The prospects of further studies of the spiritual essence of man on the basis of an interdisciplinary approach, which involves a dialogue of modern philosophy and scientific psychology with theology in the context of revealing the essence of traditional views on the concept and achievement of spirituality, is shown. The soteriological aspect of spirituality in the works of MK K. Ma-mardashvili is considered, indicating the need for personal efforts in achieving the development of the graceful “beingness” of the soul. The correspondence of the views of M.K. Mamardashvili on the symbol to the teachings of A.F. Losev and N.A. Berdyaev, which deny the possibility of comprehending consciousness and the Higher Mind with the help of words, is revealed. Culture, according to M.K. Mamardashvili, as a certain ability of action and behavior should remain in conditions of universal incomplete knowledge, which is not representable and symbolically not designated. Under the reality of the immortality of the soul, M.K. Mamardashvili understood the reality of the infinite duration of our conscious life. The works of M.K. Mamardashvili, A.F. Losev, N.A. Berdyaev, and Patriarch Sergiy Stragorodsky emphasize the importance of personal efforts for the development and attainment of human spirituality. M.K. Mamardashvili understood salvation as a constant mental effort of a person, the conversion of feelings into a spiritual equivalent and the liberation of thoughts from cultural objectivities. The truth of the Orthodox faith is substantiated and the consequences of the loss of spirituality in the form of the lifetime death of the soul are revealed. The importance of the further development of the metaparadigm of spirituality for the explication of its role in the methodology of penitentiary science is postulated. Its ideological conceptual scheme (model) includes the principle of hierarchy and inconsistency of the basic concept of scientific provisions relevant to the problem, located on the underlying levels.