1671 year Alatyr uezd census book data on environmental performance and economic efficiency of beekeeping in Russian Tsar’s forest in Mordvinia (Middle Volga river)
Some areas of olf agricultural development (from Moscow to Smolensk, Pskov, Veliky Novgorod) were economically undermined by Livonian war (1558-1583), Opricnina (1565-1572), Time of Troubles (1598-1613), Smolensk war (1632-1634) and so on. Thus, the economic importance of European Russia South-East region (Middle Volga) has increased. Mordvinian peasantry of Alatyr was taxed of wild- hive honey for the benefit of the Russian Tsar. This honey served as currency in the domestic and foreign markets. Mordvinian villages payed from 5 to 20 pounds (1 pound = 16 kg) of honey. At the same time, wild bees populations provided high biological productivity of wild and cultivated plants. So, the need of currency and food plants productivity without the cost of labor, time and capital required mutual cooperation of nature and man.