PECULIARITIES OF BREEDING BIOLOGY OF BARN SWALLOWS IN THE NORTH OF RANGE (KAMA FOREURALS)
The article deals with the peculiarities of breeding biology of the village swallow nesting in the North of the area within the Kama Foreurals. Describes the phenology of arrival, location of nests, timing of nest building, egg-laying, given the morphological characteristics of eggs, the breeding success. All the obtained data are analyzed in comparative aspect with other points of an area of a village swallow. The mass arrival of rural swallows to the north of an area (the Kama Cis-Urals) is necessary for the end of May. Shift in arrival terms in comparison with the southern and western regions of an area is from 20 to 35 days. In the north of an area of rural swallows it is characteristic as single nesting, and small settlements (from 20 to 30 couples). Rural swallows begin construction of nests at the end of May – the beginning of June, that is for 10–25 days later, than in other points of an area (Priamurye, Northeast Altai, the Kemerovo region). The most typical is the semi-cup-shaped form of nested shelters. Otkladka of eggs is carried out in very short time and it is necessary generally for the second decade of June that is 5–20 days later, than in other regions of an area (Curonian Spit, Priamurye, Northeast Altai, the Kemerovo region, the Pskov region). The amount of eggs in the first layings fluctuated from 4 to 6 (=4,9 ± 0,26, Cv = 16%, n = 9). The swallows who have started repeated reproduction had four-egg layings. About 11% of the nesting couples have two cycles of reproduction in the reproductive period. Success of reproduction of killer whales in the north of an area high also averages 89% that is caused by a complex of behavioural reactions, existence of reliable shelters and absence of natural enemies.