RESPONSIBILITY FOR REPEATED RECIDIVISM ACCORDING TO THE LAW OF RUSSIA (HISTORICAL ASPECT)
the article discusses the multiple recidivism, as a circumstance substantially strengthen the punishment of the offender. It is noted that for the first time «the repetition of crimes» mentioned in 1397 in the Pskov Judicial Charter (Art. 8) and Dvina charter deed (v. 5). For these charters for theft for the third time after two previous convictions of theft applied imposition of the death penalty. Thus, for the first time in Russia was placed increased responsibility for multiple (recurrent) crimes. This trend continued in all subsequent periods of legislative regulation of responsibility for multiple recidivism. So of Law in 1497 and statutory order book Rogue included the strengthening of responsibility for a crime driven dashing man as their main occupation and those involved in three or more robberies. Izbnye, Zemsky letters and mandates established the death penalty for the third and subsequent executions (tatba). Conciliar Code of 1649 also defines the death penalty for qualified theft (perfect for the third time). In new articles about tatebnyh, armed and murderous deeds in 1669, although abolish torture, soften humanized punishment, the replacement of imprisonment link, but leave on - still the death penalty for the systematic practice of theft and robbery did not change the approach to strengthen the responsibility for multiple offenses and in the era of Peter I. Legislation of this period to formulate deterrence as one of the goals of punishment, which is particularly reflected in consistently repeat offenders. From the middle of the XIX century. the government was forced to strengthen criminal liability in connection with the intensification of the class struggle in Russia. According to the Penal Code and Criminal Corrections 1845 for the first time a socially dangerous accept special repetition of crimes than the general, and in the last sentence was enhanced only in cases where the offense is committed for the third time. By Ulozhenie 1903 for crimes committed in the form of fishing, the court may determine the additional penalty of prison, settlements or arrest. Increasing penalties for crimes and three times during the Soviet era. As the base of the legislator defined relapse terms such as «fishing», «stubborn relapse», «career criminal», «particularly socially dangerous» Sometimes he even likened them to the class enemy. Of the Criminal Code in 1960 introduced the concept of a «particularly dangerous recidivist», focusing on the personality of the recidivist. But it is provided as an objective basis recognized as such systematic crimes specific gravity. For dangerous offenders determined the special regime colony. At the same time recognize them as such could only court, by taking into account all the data about the crime and the personality of the recidivist. Under the current Criminal Code offender specific category listed pp «A» and «b» h. 3 tbsp. 18 of the Criminal Code, clearly deemed to have committed crimes at especially dangerous relapse and should be sent to serve his sentence in a colony of special regime or prison. From the standpoint of saving funds punitive author concludes not in favor of the legislation. In addition, the legislator departed from the tradition of the Russian legislation significantly strengthen criminal liability for especially dangerous recidivism, setting them in the article. 68 of the Criminal Code sentencing rules, no different from the rules provided for other types of recurrence and for the first time the crimes committed