Functional stylistic approach in school and university study of syntactical synonymy
The scientific novelty of the present paper is to analyse the proposed method of syntactic synonymy of complex and compound sentences, which is regarded from the standpoint of the tradition of P.V. Chesnokov of the relationship between logical and semantic forms of thinking. The transformations, preserving their sense, are used as the tool of research, the so-called synonymic changes. It is important to note that in the process of transformation not only formal but also sense aspects of the sentence change. A complex sentence with pre-pronominal subordinate clause relates to the complex sentence with an indivisible structure. Thus, it can be proved that an attempt to change it into a compound one can touch upon objective difficulties. First, a complex sentence of pre-pronominal type has its cognitive peculiarities, limiting the abilities of its transformation into a compound one: the main clause of the complex sentence speaks for its subordinate clause and in such a position (when one situation is stated by the other) it is strictly forbidden. Second, the attempt to transform a complex sentence into a compound one is accompanied with great changes in its grammatical meaning. The relations of circumstances, clearly signalled by subordinate means of causation in complex sentences can become the relations of consequence, coming out of the lexical-grammatical analysis of the verbal structure of the predicative parts in compound sentences. 1. There are so many carriages, that it is necessary to crowd. (Chekhov, On the wolf fight). There are many carriages and it is necessary to crowd. 2. She liked the garden so much, that shed never part with it. (Chekhov, A Fatherless). She liked the garden and shed never part with it. Thus, the analysis of complex sentences with prepronominal subordinate clause transformational abilities allows concluding about the absence of their synonymy with compound ones because all the attempts of change (transformation) are accompanied with a significant change of grammar meaning, which is also proved by cognitive theory. The comparison of the initial syntactical units and their transforms in the aspects of the semantic forms of thinking, related by them, revealed their divergence in one of the most important aspects - the character of the content thought components range. As the lexical-grammatical analysis showed, compound sentences, in comparison with complex ones, are not capable to envelop fully the content that is displayed in the hypotactical construction. The difference in the semantic volume of the compared units touches upon two significant moments: first, the transforms, denoting undifferentiated semantic relation, have quite a different character of their grammar meaning; second, non-coincidence of the subject structure is evident between the compared formations.