CHARACTERISTICS AND CAUSES OF PENITENTIARY CRIME
Introduction: The reform of the penitentiary system and the implementation of additional types of punishments have made it possible, in recent years, to significantly reduce the total number of convicts serving sentences in correctional institutions. However, recently the level of criminogenicity in correctional institutions has been significantly increasing and, as a result, there has been an increase in the number of crimes committed by convicts in the territory of penitentiary institutions. Aim: Science has noted that penitentiary crime is associated with the type of correctional institution, and the issues of the influence of employees and the state of facilities on penitentiary crime are debatable. The adoption by the Government of the Russian Federation of a number of documents: firstly, the Concept for the development of the penitentiary system of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030, approved by order No. 1138-r dated April 29, 2021; secondly, the Program of Fundamental Scientific Research in the Russian Federation for the long term (2021-2030) in terms of developing alternative social response systems aimed at preventing and suppressing criminal behavior in the society of the penitentiary system, allows us to formulate the relevance of studying criminological characteristics and the determinants of penitentiary crime. Methods: In the course of the study, the method of statistical observation was actively used in the study of documents (organizational and administrative documents of the Penitentiary System, criminal cases, reports from the duty service, sentences, etc.), a summary and grouping of statistical observation materials was carried out, absolute and relative statistical values, data were sampled and analyzed, analysis of data and dynamics of indicators were also carried out. Results: The criminological characteristics of penitentiary crime and the formation of their determinants allow them to be used for further development of theoretical problems of crime and its varieties, development of preventive measures, improvement of criminal legislation, as well as the activities of the penitentiary system. Conclusions: The analysis of statistical reports allows us to conclude that the situation on the territory of correctional facilities is unfavorable. And conducting a criminological analysis will allow for a more thorough study of the determinants.