THE PROBLEM OF POSTOPERATIVE COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME IN ANESTHESIOLOGICAL AND SURGICAL SERVICES
Continuous development of all sectors of health care goes in parallel with increasing requirements for the quality of medical care. One of the main tasks that the anesthetists-resuscitators have to deal with is postoperative cognitive dysfunction. The etiopathogenesis of the syndrome of postoperative cognitive disorders has not been determined to date. Studies on the epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of postoperative cognitive dysfunction syndrome are also continuing. It is known that more often this syndrome is manifested by a decrease in memory, attention, difficulty of concentration, diagnosed by neuropsychological testing. In the fight against postoperative cognitive dysfunction, a variety of methods are used, including the determination of risk factors in the preoperative period, intraoperative monitoring of the central nervous system by determining the bispectral index and cerebral oximetry, the use of multimodal anesthesia and minimally invasive surgical techniques, and neuroprotective therapy. This review is devoted to modern data on the methods of diagnosis and prevention of postoperative cognitive dysfunction, used in clinical practice.