The Place of the Irrational in the Concept of the Rationality and Subject in Classical Marxism and in Works of M.A. Lifshitz
The article deals with the problem of the place of the irrational in the concept of the rationality in Classical Marxism as well as in the works of M.A. Lifshitz. The "term" and the "notion" of the irrational are discriminated, while the correlation between such notions as "empiric", "rational" and "irrational" is clarified. The role of the irrational as sensual and material aspect of the absolute truth which includes the fullness and discrepancy of the moral (ethic), the aesthetic and the rational in the social human practice is revealed. The article treats M.A. Lifshitz's attempt to overcome the theoretical divergence in the correlation of the periods of the art development and those of the society evolution. Lifshitz saw the solution of this inconsistency in treating the problem of the ideal as the rationally understandable sensual and emotional in the process of the human cognition. It has been demonstrated that the ideality of the objects of the human world is an integral part of the notion of the irrational in Marxism. In particular, Marx and Engels considered the sensual and emotional to have its history, however not as development or change transformation but as constant incessant struggle of the man against the world in the objectification of such a struggle including the art works where there is or can be no sense before, outside and depending on the man. The problem of the sensual and emotional thus acquires a brand new perception in History of Philosophy in Marxism as it was proved by Lifshitz. Therewith M. Lifshitz demonstrates the difference between the rational and the irrational from the point of view of Marxist Dialectics. The notion of the sensual and emotional in Orthodox Marxism structurally completes the Marxist conception of the Rationality.