APPROACHES TO STUDY COMPETENCES OF EMPLOYEES OF SCIENTIFIC MEDICAL ORGANIZATIONS: A BRIEF LITERATURE REVIEW
Analysis of approaches to evaluate professional competence is substantiated by the worldwide trends towards standard evaluation of work quality and related changes in administrative requirements to specialists. Aim. To determine and analyze main approaches to study professional competence of staff of scientific medical organizations. Method: theoretical literature analysis. Results: The review identified the following four main approaches: American approach, based on understanding competence through observed behavior and its efficiency; European approach, with a focus on functions and tasks of professional activity; expert approach, studying competence through review of experts’ characteristics; and national (Russian) approach, initially limited to Knowledge paradigm and is being currently used to illustrate the integrated model for understanding this problem. Four main types of competences: fundamental competence that is necessary for developing professional adaptiveness of a specialist; nuclear one that includes functional labor aspects; professional competence, reflecting technological aspect of professional activity; and over-professional competence related to the subject of activity and its social interaction. Creativity is regarded as an integral factor for other competences. The article describes things in common across the described approaches and classifications of competences as well as development of the target indicator of quality of professional activity of scientific medical workers - their publication activity. Scope of application: results could be used to develop methodological basis for centers of competence development that are necessary for the most efficient transition of the national medical science into the innovative competence approach.