Analysis of external respiration performance in improving shock movements in boxers of different sports qualification
A number of authors suggest that suboptimal intermuscular interaction when performing movements has a significant impact on the spirographic indicators after performance. Bioelectric activity increases significantly in the antagonist muscles, which distorts the biomechanical characteristics of movement and greatly increases the load on the respiratory system. Analysis of literature on boxing shows that the consistency of intercostal muscles provides increased power capabilities of boxers. According to experts, one of the reasons for increased power is an accented exhalation in the final phase of a shock movement. The exhalation should be free and powerful without undue stress of muscle groups that do not play a significant role in the coordination and motor and speed-strength performance impact. We investigated the performance of external respiration in improving strokes with different types of muscular tension. In the VC fixed after loads in beginners, we noted that the values of the experimental group are 25.8 % higher than those of the control one. When comparing values after the test load and values recorded at rest, we noted that these figures had no significant difference in the experimental group. In the control group, results of the indicators recorded after exercise were lower than values at rest by 31.1 %. The value of FEV! after exercise in beginner athletes in the experimental group was 38.9 % higher than the same level of the control group. Comparing results after the load with values recorded at rest, we noted that in the experimental group this value was lower by 30.6 %, and in the control group by 50 %. In skilled athletes, the value of FEV! after exercise in the experimental group was superior to the control group by 30.3 %. Comparing the results after the load with the values recorded at rest, it was noted that in the experimental group these indices had no significant difference. In the control group, all the parameters recorded after loads were lower than the values at rest by 42.4 %. This fact indicates a significant decrease in the rate of forced expiratory volume in the control group, which is carried out after the test load. This may be due to a greater degree of fatigue after muscular work, as motor actions involve muscle groups-antagonists which reduce their speed and power capabilities. It is shown that the use of tools that limit loads on hands (boxing gloves) helps to optimize the nature of muscular tension in improving accented strokes. The ballistic type of strokes is most economical. This results in a minimum reduction of the respiratory system indicators after the test load. The results lead to the following conclusions: 1. Tools that limit the load on hands in improving strokes on boxing apparatuses (boxing gloves) cause different reactions in the system of external respiration in athletes of different qualifications. 2. Strokes with ballistic muscle tension have a minimal impact on the system of external respiration of high-degree athletes, which allows increasing the intensity of training loads during sports training. 3. When beginners make shock movements, the indicators of lung volumes decrease significantly, which has a negative impact on the values of the forced expiratory volume speed per second.