HISTORY OF CREATION OF A VIABLE INTESTINAL GRAFT FOR BRIDGING ESOPHAGOPLASTY TO THE 105<sup>TH</sup> ANNIVERSARY OF KELLING OPERATION. PART I
The article is devoted to the history of the development of shunting plastic of the esophagus after its post-burn cicatricial strictures and esophageal cancer. The experimental idea of Wullstein with the retrosternal jejunal transplant (1904) and the original Tavel (1906) gastrostomy allowed Roux in 1906 laying the foundation for the esophagus plasty with the small intestine. It remained popular for more than 40 years, despite the work of Kelling and Vuillet (1911) on the use of the colon for the esophagus plasty. In the 50-s of the twentieth century, thanks to the achievements of French surgeons, interest in esophagocoloplasty was revived. This was due to the worldwide rise in the incidence of esophageal cancer and its congenital and acquired benign diseases, and many disadvantages in esophagojejunoplasty. In the second half of the twentieth century, the technique of esophagocoloplasty, indications for it, and its shortcomings were thoroughly worked out. The retrosternal way of carrying a small and large intestine graft to the neck today is the method of choice. The problem of connecting the distal end of the intestinal esophagus graft with the stomach, discussed in the first half of the twentieth century, appeared to be exaggerated. In general, intrathoracic esophagocoloplasty, both shunting and after the subtotal resection of the esophagus, has gained wide popularity among surgeons around the world.