THE IMPACT OF SOLAR MAGNETIC ACTIVITY CYCLES AND WEATHER CONDITIONS ON THE ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY OF <i>AGARICOMYCETES </i>IN NATURAL COMMUNITIES IN PENZA REGION
Based on the analysis of mycological studies materials carried out from 1978 to 2014, an alternation of a series of years with a high abundance and variety of species of fruit-bearing and series of years when the species richness and crops of fruit bodies were small, are observed. Many periods of high abundance and diversity have duration of 3-4 years and occur every 7-8 years, mostly coinciding with the 11-year cycle of solar activity increase. Therefore, years with different weather are favorable to agaricomycetes development. We considered the influence of abnormal weather on the species diversity and abundance of agaricomycetes. For example, 2010 and the next four years demonstrated that hot and dry weather is making significant changes to the species composition and abundance of fruit bearing species, for several seasons. Various species of fungi are able to withstand overheating and prolonged drying of substrate differently. Abnormal weather in 2010 proved favorable for the nemoral species forming mycorrhiza with oak. On the boreal moisture loving species, on the contrary, it had a negative impact. Abnormally wet and cool weather also affects the diversity and abundance of fruit-bearing species. Rather large number of species related with a series of similar years in the 1980-90s, but in the subsequent drier and warmer seasons in the first decades of XXI century they were not detected. 11-year cycles of solar magnetic activity should be considered when planning a large-scale mycological research. The increasing solar activity periods are most favourable for the complete revealing of agaricomycetes species composition.