Innovations in breeding and new apple varieties developed at VNIISPK during the last 10 years (2009-2018)
The results of apple breeding at VNIISPK in breakthrough areas over the past 10 years (2009-2019) are given in the article. If in the first years of breeding from 1956 to 1969 the traditional methods of selection dominated (re-hybridization, geographically remote crossings), then in 1970 work was started on apple breeding at the polyploidy level, in 1977 breeding to create scab-immune varieties was started, and in 1984 work on the creation of columnar varieties was launched. Brief commercial and biological descriptions of new apple varieties for the past 10 years are given: Morozovskoye and Radost Nadezhdy from diploid apple varieties created by traditional methods; Ivanovskoye from diploid scab immune varieties; Vostorg, Girlianda, Poezia and Orlovskaya Yesenia from diploid columnar varieties having immunity to scab; Bezhin Lug, Dariona, Ministr Kisilev, Orlovsky Partizan, Osipovskoye and Patriot from triploid varieties developed from intervalent crossings. New triploid apple varieties having scab immunity are also briefly described (Aleksandr Boiko, Vavilovskoye, Maslovskoye, Yubilar and Yablochny Spas).