Two new species of the millipede family Paradoxosomatidae from Bahia state, northeastern Brazil, including a remarkable presumed troglobiont (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)
Iulidesmus silvestrii sp.n. and Onciurosoma troglobium sp.n. are described from limestone caves in Bahia state, northeastern Brazil. Both species are new and represent the first formal records of the family Paradoxosomatidae from Bahia. The former species seems to be a troglophile, although it has been recorded yet only from a cave, whereas the latter species looks sufficiently troglomorphic and occurs only inside the Gruta Sumidouro do Joгo Baio cave. Both regions generally support a typical dry tropical climate, but the caves represent sites with high humidity, this being essential for the survival of these and other species.