Resource-saving nanotechnologies in waste water treatment
This paper examines the prospective field of nanotechnology development in the area of wastewater treatment and water processing. The introduction showed (no need for comma) that the Russian problem is not the lack of water - but its quality. Water treatment is needed to prevent water facilities from pollution. Self-cleaning methods cannot withstand the massive impact of pollutants, some of which are unknown for their natural reproduction processes. The degree of purification depends on the concentration of the pollution and the content of different substances within it. The use of nanotechnologies in effluent neutralization (EN) processes will allow removing insoluble sludges, wastes of chemical industry, and harmful microorganisms. Methods and materials. This work presently uses analytical methods to study nanotechnologies. Nanofiltration and membrane methods are frequently used in wastewater treatment. Methods such as arc charge, ablation, and gas-phase deposition are applied to obtain carbon nanotubes. Results. The authors describe promising carbon nanomaterials for production of membranes used in purification/decontamination/ desalination of water. The new generation of membranes for filtering, disinfection, and desalination have been shown. These include graphene and carbon nanotubes which present absolutely new nanomaterial. Discussion. It was revealed that such membranes are characterized not only by a high water percolation rate, but also by extraordinary selectivity. Such membranes are particularly promising in the field of biomedicine, as large membranes are necessary for the nanofiltration and desalination processes. Conclusions. This paper examines new ecological and resource-saving technologies making possible improved research, industrial and commercial activities (which by means of practical implementation of inventions will lead to improved products), technologies and organizational decisions. One of the most promising areas for the development of nanotechnologies applied in waste water treatment is the advancement of membrane technology employing innovative materials, specifically graphene and carbon nanotubes.