EFFECTIVE FERTILIZER FOR ACID SOILS
For many crops the acid reaction of the soil solution is unfavorable, so its neutralization is an important task. Studies were conducted during 2016-2017 in the research laboratory and in the field on sod-gley soils of the experimental training farm of Gorsky SAU. In the laboratory, a method for obtaining a complex fertilizer for acid soils by mixing the waste of the distillery industry - grain stillage with quicklime in a certain ratio was developed. In this case, by means of evaporation the stillage loses a significant amount of moisture due to the thermal energy release of the chemical reactions occurring in the mixture, and the acid reaction of the fertilizer is also neutralized. As a result, the rate of application - 0,6-0,8 to 1,0 t/ha, depending on the degree of soil acidity and nutrient requirements is determined. According to the variant of 10-15% lime content in the mixture, the amount of total nitrogen in the fertilizer was 2,3%, protein - 16,4%, and soil pH - 9,8. With an increase in the lime proportion of the mixture to 16-20%, the amount of the total nitrogen decreased to 1,53%, protein - 9,56%, and pH increased to 13,4, that is, the soil became strongly alkaline, which is undesirable for plants. This fertilizer application on the sod-gley soil of the experimental training farm in 2016-2017 when growing clover and alfalfa in field experiments allowed yielding the green mass of clover 23,2 t/ha, the amount of biological nitrogen 112 kg/ha, for alfalfa - 29,3 and 123, respectively, that is 1,5-2 times more compared to the unfertilized control. At this the reaction of the soil solution proved to be neutral (pH 6,8).