Underground landforms of Moscow
The «relief» of natural and anthropogenic caves and cavities under the Moscow city territory is described basing on field observations and literary sources. The description of morphology, genesis and recent dynamics of the underground surfaces is also given. Special attention is paid to a poorly studied issue - the functioning of sewer streams. Vlumes of Moscow caves and cavities are estimated, environmental aspects of underground landforms dynamics are also reviewed. Aspecial term «subrelief» (meaning »UNDER landforms» and «NEARLY landforms») is introduced for describing surfaces of underground caves and cavities. It could be explained by the concept of «relief» which is regarded in the Russian geomorphologic science as a system of landforms on the Earth`s surface (in contrast to «subrelief»).