THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL TOURISM IN RUSSIA AS A FACTOR OF DYNAMICS OF RECREATIONAL LOAD
Currently eco-tourism received fairly intensive development and great popularity in the world and the main factor contributing to this is the need to preserve nature and its resources. This topic is becoming increasingly important in the noosphere minded society, ecotourism is recognized by way of protection and promotion of nature conservation. However, in the Russian tourist market is the direction of the under-developed, but has all the necessary resources and conditions for its implementation. Nature of Russia has great potential for development of this type of tourismsince our country has many protected natural areas. The purpose of this article is the analysis of ecological tourism in Russia as a factor of dynamics of recreational load. To achieve the goal in publishing the following tasks: specification of the essence of the ecological tourism and its types; the study of the evolution of ecological tourism in Russia; study of the dynamics of attendance of especially protected natural territories of Russia; the calculation of the total actual recreational load on nature reserves and national parks of Russia for 10 years. For ecological tourism is characterized by such features as visits to natural areas; promote nature conservation; provide a minimum negative impact on it; involving local residents in tourism activity with the aim of obtaining benefits. Ecological tourism in the modern sense, in our country began to develop from the 1980s. Recently, the Russian nature reserves and national parks are visited annually by more than 3 million people. The share of foreigners in the tourist flow is very small, due to poor infrastructure, poor funding, lack of advertising. More relevant than attendance, an indicator of the development of ecological tourism is the actual recreational load, since it takes into account the area of objects. Average annual recreational load during the study period in reserves increased 4.75 times, in national parks - 2.4 times. Comparing data on the dynamics of attendance and actual recreational load, it can be concluded that the increase in attendance of reserves was due to the intensive development of ecological tourism in them, and the increase in visits to national parks at the expense of extensive development, i.e., involvement of new territories. Scientific results were obtained during the implementation of the academic mobility on the basis of the Russian state agrarian University (Moscow, Center «GEO - and HYDROINFORMATICS») within the Network of academic mobility «GIS-Landscape - Technologies and methods for the formation of geoportals modern landscapes of the regions».