Matrix As a Nutrient Substrate for Animals Stem Cells Cultivation
Developing bioreactors and other specific equipment used in the process of cultivation of mesenchymal multipotent stem cells of animals, in particular cattle, in biomass growth technologies, it needs to take into account the features of cellular structures. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to study the operational and biological features of mesenchymal multipotent stem cells and the possibility of growing of their biomass in the bioreactor of certain volumes in the nutrient medium on the carrier matrices using in vitro technology. (Materials and methods) The physical and biological characteristics of the prototype of the food serum matrix carrier for the cultivation of mesenchymal multipotent stem cells are described in the article. We determined the requirements for the food matrix. The features of the use of culture nutrient medium for biomass growth in the artificial environment were noted. (Results and discussion) It was found that the slow metabolism allows stem cells to exist for a long time anaerobically, without respiration, nutrition and reproduction, in a “sleep” state, that is without active access of oxygen and aeration. The features of starting the state of oxygen consumption during the transition of stem cells to the active state were described, when the main processes of life are: nutrition (phagocytosis); reproduction (mitosis); sensitivity to changes in environmental factors (adaptation); isolation of metabolic products (metabolism). It was found that for growth and reproduction of stem cells must be attached to a solid substrate. We calculated the value of biomass yield per unit area of the culture device during cultivation in bioreactors on carrier matrices. It was shown that it increases 5-6 times in comparison with the number of populated cells, that is, from 1 million to 5.0-5.5 million stem cells per one square cm. (Conclusion) On food matrices in the unit volume of the nutrient medium it can be placed not only repeatedly increased number of cells on the media, but also reduced the volume of the nutrient medium itself or simplified its qualitative composition with a constant volume of cultivation.