Typology of Tunes of Winter Calendar Songs of the Belarusians of Siberia and the Far East
The article presents the results of a typological study of the tunes of winter calendar songs of the Belarusians of Siberia and the Far East. The author used archival and published materials on calendar folklore recorded in the 1970s - 2000s from the descendants of Belarusian-settlers of Novosibirsk, Omsk regions, as well as Krasnoyarsk and Primorsky regions. Only ritual songs of the winter season were investigated -carols, shchedrovka's, “sowing”, songs of the ritual games “driving a goat” and “Tereshka's marriage.” Structural-typological and comparative methods were used. The structure of the tunes of the songs of the Siberian Belarusian tradition correlated with the carol types from the classification of Belarusian calendar songs by Belarusian ethnomusicologist Z.Y. Mozheyko. The methods of analysis and terminology of Siberian ethnomusicologist N.V Leonova were also used. The conducted research has shown that the tunes of Siberian songs have both typical and non-typical structure. Typical tunes are divided into three subgroups. The first of them represents Mozheyko types in “pure” form, for the other two the author of the article suggests the terms “modified” and “combined” types. Non-typical tunes of winter ritual songs are not reflected in the classification of Z.Y. Mozheyko. In the article, such samples are considered as tunes of time-measuring rhythmics and tunes of accent rhythmics (terms of N.V. Leonova). The author divides the first group into tunes based on a carol rhythm formula and tunes based on non-typical rhythm formulas. In general, the main features of the Belarusian typology of tunes of winter ritual songs are preserved in the Siberian tradition.