Clinical and economical aspects of insulin injections with 4 mm pen needle comlications of diabetes mellitus
Using of 4 mm x 32 G pen needles for subcutaneous insulin therapy in diabetic patients is clinically and economically justified. Short pen needles are applicable for insulin therapy in children, adolescents and adults (including obese patients) regardless of body mass index. 4 mm x 32 G pen needles provide better glycemic control compared to longer needles with reduced risks of intramuscular insulin injection and tissue injury, less pain and better injection simplicity (inserting the needle at an angle of 90 degrees, without a skin fold). 4 mm x 32 G pen needles in diabetic patients do not increase insulin therapy costs, improves patients’ adherence, psychological comfort and quality of life.