Experience of foreign countries in reforming management forms of water supply and water disposal in the Republic of Kazakhstan
The article deals with the global experience of effective management of water supply and water disposal in order to provide country’s population and all sectors of economy with water resources. The experience of European Union in using different water and sewage utilities systems represented a particular interest. The experience of shows that the municipalities choose the appropriate organizational form of water and sewage utilities management and set tariffs on water. In the Netherlands municipalities delegated the rights to manage engineering infrastructure to joint stock companies, and comparative competition in form of benchmarking is present in the market. In France and Spain, the model of delegated private management by municipal water industry became widespread. The peculiar feauture of such method is risk and reward distribution in the process of investment project realization. Based on this, the experience of these countries is of great interest in solving the problems in the field of water supply and water disposal in Kazakhstan. In particular, the problems that could enhance the efficiency of these systems such as gaps of state regulation, reformation of management forms, low level of automation and high energy costs, lack of qualified personnel, the low efficiency of the use of funds allocated for the industry that requires the use of new management techniques that mogliby improve the functioning of these systems. Currently, changes in water supply and water disposal are characterized by handing over water utilities to private ownership, herewith, this practice has not shown consistent results. Moreover, in the water supply and water disposal there are some risks, associated with the presence of collisions in the law governing the process of handing over water and sewage utilities to private management. Thus, there is a great necessity to study the industry and regions to preserve the interests of the state and population when changing forms of management of water supply and water disposal in Kazakhstan.