To the ethnoand polygenesis of the Crimean Tatars and Kumyks in the historical context of their ancient and medieval relationships
Some aspects of ethno- and polygenesis of the Crimean Tatar and Kumyks in the historical context of their relationships in the ancient times and in the medieval ages are revised in the article. Chronological framework of the article begins with from the Huns (Bulgar) times and up to the XVI-XVII centuries. As a result of interpretation of a well known historical and some other sources, and with usage of the latest data, it was established that the above mentioned Bulgar population remained in the Crimea and on the North-Eastern Caucasus till the Golden Horde period. The point of discussion is Kypchak lingual (Kuman group) inhabitants of the Crimea, those who were speaking the average dialect and who later on became the basis for the Crimean literary language. It was finally formed out in the Golden Horde period due to the migration there of Kumyk-Braguns from the far off western regions of North-East Caucasus in 1324. Among the future to be Crimea Tatars, the clan of Boragan/Bargin became well known, the representatives of it has become famous among the first four clans of local Karachi-becks under the name of Baryn. The elder Borgan knight was usually appointed as orbegi, he stood on of borders and watched Nogay hordes who were outside of the Crimea. On marches he he commanded the smaller corps, he could be appointed Kaymakam (Governor Khan) when the Khan was out. The mufti of the Crimea was also chosen from among the Borgans. The proclamation of independent Kumyk state took place almost at the same time as the conquer of Perekop in the Crimea by Haci Giray I in 1443. In the XVI-XVII centuries the relations between the Crimea and Kumyk state were very intensive, up to conclusion of military alliances and having friendship coalitions.In both countries, until they were finally included into the structure of Russia(the of XVIII and the second part of the XIX centuries),the rulers of the countries were representatives of the Tuck-Tymurids dynasty, the descendents of Genghis Khan`s son Jochi