NEOLIBERAL INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF PENITENTIARY SYSTEMS: A COMPARATIVE ASPECT
The article is devoted to the main trends and features of the neoliberal institutional development of penitentiary systems in some countries of Europe and North America. Trends are such as: 1) no direct connection between the level of crime and the punitive claims of the state, as expressed in the ratio of persons held in correctional institutions; 2) the presence of a correlation between the growth of punitive claims and a decrease in social security of the population; 3) the relationship of material and ideological aspects of criminalization; 4) the cumulative nature of penality reflects a new approach to the implementation of the concept of the welfare state. The point of view is that the prison population in the US state penitentiary institutions does not decrease even in the era of “smart response to crime”, because the problems of overcrowding in correctional institutions are less relevant than the obligations to save budget funds. The feature of American penal policy as the disciplinary cell hyperinflation is analyzed. It is proved that the penitentiary policy of neoliberal development is possible through the analysis of such functions of criminal punishment as control and establishment of communications. The ability of the penitentiary system to lay the Foundation for the expansion of criminalization factors of certain forms of behavior is shown. Based on the analysis of various scientific concepts of correction and reintegration work with prisoners social productivity of criminal punishment is showed. The different degree of connection between the neoliberal institutional development of penitentiary systems and the practical needs of state security is revealed. It is demonstrated that the understanding of the ideological basis of the neoliberal institutional development of penitentiary systems has a promising value for optimizing the functioning of the domestic system of execution of criminal penalties. As a conclusion, the value of the information obtained for the conceptual modernization of the penal system of the Russian Federation is indicated.