Crop rotation as the main factor of adaptive-and-landscape land use
Introduction . The crop rotation system, including their various types and species, is a fundamental link of the adaptive-and-landscape farming system. Science-based crop rotations have a positive impact on agro-landscape, as they occupy a large proportion of agricultural land and play a decisive role in maintaining a sustainable economic balance. The aim of the work is to develop the structure of sown areas and the system of crop rotation for adaptive-and-landscape farming of the agricultural enterprise. Materials and methods . The structure of crop rotation is considered on the example of farm “Bobino-Mˮ of the Slobodskoy district of the Kirov region of the Russian Federation. It was carried out according to the method of development of adaptive-and-landscape farming systems in the farms of the Kirov region (2006) and the method of design of basic elements of adaptive-and-landscape farming systems (2010). Results of researches . This agricultural firm is a large developing enterprise specializing in milk production. The area of farmland is 3,247 hectares, over 2,200 hectares of which are arable land. The developed sowing structure will contribute to stable grain production at increasing the yield of cereals to 0.41-0.95 t/ha and providing the available livestock with the necessary amount of all types of feed. The scientifically based system of crop rotation is composed taking into account the needs of cattle in feed and includes 3 field and 1 feed crop rotation. A deficit-free balance of humus in newly developed crop rotations is achieved by introducing into the sowing area structure of green manure fallows (hybrid clover, annual grasses), postcut and stubble cruciferous crops (oilseed radish and spring rape), sowings of perennial herbs (meadow clover), ploughing grain straw and clover aftergrowth. The analysis of the ecological efficiency of the farm confirmed that its stabilization requires the development of an adaptive-and-landscape farming system with all planned measures for the introduction of soil-protective grain-grass crop rotations, the withdrawal of disturbed land, a complex of works to improve soil fertility, afforestation and the organization of forest belts.