OVERVIEW OF APPROACHES TO BREAST CANCER SCREENING IN RUSSIA AND IN THE WORLD
A ll over the world, breast cancer (BC) ranks first in the structure of oncological diseases in women. Breast cancer is common not only in developed countries but also in emerging economies, which account for 58% of deaths from this disease. The main direction in the fight against breast cancer is its detection in the early preclinical stages. Digital mammography is recommended by WHO as the main method for breast cancer screening. Screening programs using mammography are used in many countries of the world and have a significant impact on increasing survival and reducing mortality from breast cancer. Early detection allows to start timely treatment using organ-preserving technologies. Mammographic screening has received support from the world's cancer organizations relatively recently. GLOBOCAN published in 2008 the results of mass screening programs for 2004-2008, which took place in 12 countries and showed promising results. In Russia, mammography screening is being actively implemented throughout the country. The level of implementation in different regions differs quite strongly and depends, inter alia, on the availability of diagnostic mammographic equipment, the availability of qualified radiologists and radiographers who specialize in the diagnosis of breast diseases. Most countries are gradually introducing mass screening for breast cancer into their health systems, but the approaches to the organization and methods of mammographic screening in different countries differ significantly, which indicates a continuing search for the most effective organizational methods for its implementation and the introduction of new technologies.