Mass races students ’preparation for participation on the running technique biomechanical indicators basis
Recently, experts have expressed opinions that health-improving running is too stressful physical exercise and leads to injuries of the musculoskeletal system. When building sports and recreation programs with female students, it is necessary to consider their individual characteristics, the degree of their physical activity and functionality. The purpose of the study is to improve the efficiency of running technique among female students in preparing them for participation in mass races based on biomechanical indicators. Research methods: theoretical analysis of scientific and methodological literature; pedagogical testing; pedagogical experiment; methods of mathematical statistics. The kinematic analysis of placing the foot on the support and repulsion was carried out based on the analysis of the video recording using the Silicon Coach software. Organization of the study. The study was carried out on the base of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, in 2021. A program of recreational and health-improving classes was developed to prepare 2nd year female students for participation in mass races based on the biomechanical indicators of running technique. Within the framework of the developed program, a set of exercises for general physical training, special running exercises and strength exercises are proposed, depending on the period of the training cycle. Classes were held for 16 weeks 3 times a week for 90 minutes. Research results. Many practitioners perform movements with a large amplitude and a pronounced setting of the foot on the support from the toe, others perform movements with a small amplitude and setting the foot on the support on the full foot or from the heel. The repulsion angle during the final test averaged 64.8±1.7°, against the same indicator of the initial test 67.4±1.5°, having decreased by 2.6° (at p < 0.05). The acceleration of the OCMT is carried out mainly due to the recuperated energy (kinetic, converted into potential energy in the depreciation phase). In the repulsion phase, two types of energy are used - metabolic and recuperated. Conclusions. The developed program of recreational and health-improving classes for the preparation of 2-nd year female students contributes to building the correct running technique, correcting biomechanical parameters, actively placing the foot on the support “top-down-back”, in relation to the GCMT and forming the skill of actively engaging the foot, bending in the knee joint at the landing moment to be included in the depreciation process.