Use of "frequency" c riterion of selection of surnames for the analysis of structure of the genofund of the population.
Check of efficiency of use of "frequency" criterion of selection of surnames for the description of populationgenetic structure of the population of the large regional subdivided population of the Central Chernozem region is lead. It is established, that the frequent surnames selected on the basis of "frequency" criterion can be effectively used only for the description of a level for the population without the analysis of genetic parities between elementary populations (areas).