GENETIC ASPECTS OF RHYTHM AND CARDIAC CONDUCTION DISORDERS
A review of modern medical literature on diseases of arrhythmia and conduction disorders describes the concept, classifications, etiological factors, main pathogenetic mechanisms, clinical manifestations and molecular genetic features (mutation in genes of genetically determined arrhythmia). Over the last 2 decades, the genetic cause of these diseases has been mostly uncovered, currently over a thousand gene mutations are known for causing over 40 different cardiovascular diseases. These diseases include inherited arrhythmogenic disease, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart defects and metabolic disorders. Genetic testing is an important part of diagnosis for hereditary arrhythmias that leads to better and earlier diagnosis of the disease, also it is necessary for the identification of asymptomatic carriers of the genetic disorder, prognosis, treatment and reproductive life planning. The review will consider the results of published studies, discussion of the most recent works on the molecular-genetic diagnosis of hereditary forms of cardiac conduction disorders, and the role of genetic factors in the development of these diseases.