COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN FORMULAS OF ADDRESS IN INFORMAL COMMUNICATIVE SITUATIONS
Statement of the problem. The address is one of the necessary components of verbal communication. This phenomenon is a special communicative unit that helps to attract the listener's attention, show complicated relationships between participants of communication, describe the addresser and the addressee. The address is unique because of its universality. However, in every speech culture this phenomenon is represented by various formulas that are endowed with exceptional features and characteristics, affecting the success of communication. The aim of this article is to identify, describe and compare the basic English and Russian formulas of address that function in situations of informal communication. In this study the basic formulas of address are widespread and most common informal address formulas in the English and in the Russian languages. Results. This study identified the basic formulas of address that function in informal communicative situations in the English and the Russian speaking cultures. In English informal communication, 10 formulas of address were distinguished. 14 formulas of address were found in the Russian speech culture. In both cultures studied, the address can be used as part of a sentence and as a separate act of speech, realizing various functions in the process of communication. English formulas of address are more neutral than Russian ones because they do not have a wide choice of diminutive suffixes. Also, there are no address by name, patronymic and the last name in the English language. Conclusion. In informal communication, there are at least 10 formulas of address in the English language and 14 formulas in the Russian language. Russian and English terms of address have an identical position in the sentence or form an independent communicative act. Formulas of address in these languages are multifunctional. Emotionality and expressiveness of address are achieved by means of diminutive suffixes. The Russian language, unlike English, has a wider selection of diminutive suffixes, which allows to more accurately convey various connotations of address. Knowledge of the peculiarities and specifics of the English and Russian formulas of address in situations of informal communication allows us to interpret the relationships between interlocutors and their communicative intentions correctly.