Questions of the structure of finite near-fields
A semifield is a simple ring in which nonzero elements with respect to multiplication form a loop. Weakening distributivity from two-sided to one-sided yields the more general notion of quasifield (near-field under the condition of associativity). Problems of the structure of finite semifields and quasifields have been studied in various cases for a long time. In recent years, they have been mentioned in a number of papers. These problems were solved earlier for Knuth-R$\acute{\mathrm{u}}$a and Hentzel-R$\acute{\mathrm{u}}$a semifields, which are counterexamples of orders 32 and 64 to Wene's known hypothesis. The methods of computer algebra were used to describe some quasifields of small orders. It is known that the center of a finite semifield always contains the prime subfield. We show that the center of a finite near-field $Q$ contains the prime subfield $P$ except for Zassenhaus' four near-fields of orders $5^2$, $7^2$, $11^2$, and $29^2$. The kernel of a near-field $Q$ always contains $P$. The maximal subfields of a finite near-field are enumerated under sufficiently general conditions. The automorphism groups of a near-field $Q$ and of its multiplicative group $Q^*$ were found earlier. The group $Q^*$ is metacyclic, which makes it possible to explicitly find the spectrum of group orders of its elements.