Pottery of the Advanced Bronze Age from the Kalinovka II Settlement (Eastern Kulunda)
This article presents a comprehensive study of pottery of the Advanced Bronze Age from the Kalinovka II settlement, including its forms, ornamentation techniques, ornamental programs, as well as raw materials and clay fabrics. It has been established that jar-shaped vessels dominated at the site. Three ornamentation methods - stamping, engraving, and imprinting - were applied; seventeen different motifs have been identified. The most common motifs were horizontally drawn narrow flute, horizontal zigzag, and horizontal herringbone. Patterns consisting of three different motifs were predominant in ornamental compositions; patterns of one or two different motifs were less common. Analysis of raw materials and clay fabrics has shown that vessels in the collection were mostly made of medium-ferruginous clay with good plasticity. Five different compounds of clay fabrics have been identified. The chamotte tradition of mineral additives prevailed at the site. Organic additives were most often used in a form of solutions. The data obtained from the study indicates that local population achieved a certain unity of cultural traditions in pottery production, which manifested itself in the skills of selecting raw materials and making clay fabrics. Comparison of pottery collection from the Kalinovka-II site with evidence from other synchronous settlements of the region has revealed that morphology, ornamentation, and manufacturing techniques of pottery under study were generally typical of the Andronovo collections originating from the steppe and forest-steppe Altai. Some specific features of pottery complex included predominance of vessels made of plastic clay as well as active use of the “horizontal herringbone” ornamental motif.