CHANGES IN THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TYPICAL CHERNOZEM AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY DURING THE TRANSITION FROM TRADITIONAL TO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
The article compares and discusses two farming technologies - organic and traditional. Research was carried out inlaboratories for the study of farming systems of the Belgorod State Agrarian University. The aim of the research was to evaluate two technologies for the cultivation of agricultural crops. Attention is focused on the productivity of crops of crop rotation, which, without the use of mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection agents, have rather high indicators in the transition period. The necessity of introducing new technology for the production of organic products in order to provide the population with high-quality food products that meet the requirements of Federal Law of the Russian Federation on Organic Products and in the relevant state standards. The positive influence of organic technology on the reserves of productive moisture before sowing and before harvesting crops, as well as the agrophysical properties of the soil is presented. A number of measures for the continuous maintenance and reproduction of soil fertility are listed. In the transition period from the traditional technology of growing crops to organic, it is necessary to solve a number of problems related to working with the soil. It was found that when using the methods of the organic farming system in comparison with the traditional cultivation technology, the greatest losses in product quality were observed in winter wheat. The economic and useful indicators of the collected products of spring wheat and sunflower practically did not decrease. The level of productivity of crops cultivated under organic farming conditions should not be regarded as a negative result, because for organic agriculture it is not a priority to obtain high yields. Environmental cleanliness and food security of the population against the background of environmental conservation are considered the main task. We consider it incorrect to assess the quality of the soil only by the criteria of its fertility from the standpoint of obtaining maximum productivity and profit.