The role of impaired sensory information transmission in cognitive deficits in deaf and hard of hearing children
Introduction. The achievements of modern neurophysiology allow us to take a fresh look at the usual ideas about the genesis of the development of various changes in the human body, both in the process of natural development and in various pathological processes and their dynamics. This is relevant to studying the development of cognitive impairment. Pathology of the hearing organs is one of the most common defects that interferes with the formation of speech, affects the state of the psyche and intelligence in general. Materials and methods. Methods of theoretical analysis of medical, psychological and pedagogical sources were used, concentrating on the analysis of current state of rehabilitation of children with hearing impairment. Results. Currently, significant progress has been made in the field of rehabilitation of children with hearing impairments thanks to the organization of an integrated approach system. The development and implementation of innovative methods for correcting hearing impairment can significantly improve the quality of life of a sick child. The presented model of multisensory insufficiency makes it possible to model the development of disorders in the brain, in particular, in the cognitive sphere. Discussion and conclusion. Multisensory research has recently gained great interest. Multisensory stimulation is especially relevant when most of the brain pathways are formed that provide perception, communication, cognitive and emotional development. The multisensory model is based on the mechanisms underlying the integration of afferent information entering the structures of the central nervous system (CNS) and allows the integration of information from various sensory modalities (such as vision, sound, touch, smell, selfmovement and taste). In the process of developing a child's multisensory integration, one of the sensory systems can become "dominant", taking on the function of "control" and "calibration" of other sensory systems. From this it follows that in case of violation of one of the modalities (due to various reasons) and the occurrence of deprivation, another modality will not always be able to compensate for the existing defect.