THE "PERPETUAL PEACE" OF IMMANUEL KANT AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURIES AND DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR
The article focuses on the main lines of the criticism of Kant’s idea of the “perpetual peace” and arguments in its defence which were formulated by German philosophers at the end of 19th and the beginning of 20th century and during the 1st World War. It is shown that on the one hand the name of Kant was very popular among German intellectuals, and a lot of philosophers supported the Kant’s project of establishing the “perpetual peace” between the nations. They were even working at some social initiatives in order to fulfill this project. But on the other hand, their attitude to his idea of peace changed drastically at the beginning of the First World War because of actual political and ideological interests. Among the few consequent pacifists like G.F. Nikolai and A. Einstein there was Russian Neo-Kantian philosopher O.P. Buek.