Freedom as a natural attribute of man: the ideas of Russian empiriocriticism
The problematic of freedom in Russian empiriocriticism is viewed in the context of opposition between naturalistic conception of freedom, the most prominent exponent of which in the 19th century was A.I. Herzen, and traditional metaphysical interpretation characteristic of religious-philosophical thought. Revealing the shortcomings of abstract theoretical understanding of freedom which, due to the separation of freedom and the concept of freedom, leads to the replacement of freedom with the conscious necessity or the requirement of God's will the author of the article comes to the conclusion that freedom should be understood as a natural attribute of a person. This view of freedom was defended by Herzen and, in the early twentieth century. - Russian empiriocritics. The analysis of empiriomonism of A.A. Bogdanov and his views on genealogy of freedom-notion demonstrated the importance of nonmetaphysical interpretation of freedom for the construction and realization of "positive program of philosophy", the main moments of which are: 1) aesthetic ontology; 2) projective epistemology; 3) constructive anthropology; 4) ethics of immoralism (joy sharing); 5) God-building (experiments on immanent religion). The conclusion is made that fruitful development of Russian philosophical culture largely depends on recognition of nonmetaphysical interpretation of freedom.