Neokantian philosophy of history: methodological aspects
The report provides an analysis of methodological aspects of neo-Kantian`s discourse of philosophy of history, which was conceptual developed in the works of the representatives of the Baden school, M. Weber`s works and also - in the works of Russian scientists in the late XIX - early XX centuries. Ne- okantianism is regarded as an influential trend in historical epistemology, which has become the main critic of positivism and metaphysics in philosophy and methodology of history. Following Kant, Neokantians connected ontology not only with the history of historical epistemology, but also with axiology, i.e. with the teaching of values.The report describes the main provisions of neo-Kantian philosophy and methodology of history, developed by W.Vindelband, H. Rickert, M. Weber, A.S. Lappo-Danilevsky, V.M. Khvostov and D.M. Petrushevski. The main merit of the Baden neo-Kantian school - identifying the specific methods of historical epistemology, which is the use of ideographic or individualizing approach. This approach involves the study of priority values that form the basis of human culture. For the neo-Kantian «the attitude to the value» is an important criterion of distinction «the human sciences» from the «sciences of nature». Value approach is a necessary methodological procedure of human cognition. M.Weber has made an attempt to connect positivist and value approaches to the methodology of philosophy of history, has entered into a scientific turn the concept of «ideal type». One of the main merits of Russian neo-Kantian - combination nomothetic and ideographic methods in research practice. Lappo-Danilevsky gave a new understanding of the structure of the methodology of history, revealed a variety of ways to interpret historical sources to show the role of psychological factors in the evolution of history. In the work of Khvostov from the perspective of neo-Kantianism was given a noteworthy critique of the concept of progress. Petrushevsky showed that historical epistemology has its own logical style that requires further analysis.