Formation and development of scientific ethos: normative dimensions
The article analyzes the key historical stages in the development of models of the scientific ethos in a norm-setting perspective, which makes it possible to obtain criteria for predicting the further development of norms regulating the activities of the scientific community. The classical R. Merton’s model (CUDOS) was adopted as a starting point for studying the historical evolution of value-normative models of the scientific ethos. Depending on the direction of norm-setting efforts, three key tendencies of its development have been identified: additions and partial modifications of R. Merton’s model; alternative (anornative) models; models based on the ambivalence of the norms. Guidelines are proposed for the formulation of the norms of the contemporary scientific ethos, the normative foundation of which is the responsibility of science to society.