MODERN STUDIES OF MANIFESTATIONS OF EXCITATION AND INHIBITION NERVE PROCESSES BALANCE BY THEIR MAGNITUDE
The article provides an overview of historical trends in the study and coverage of the problem of the properties of higher nervous activity, carried out by domestic scientists. Attention is drawn to a noticeable reduction in the number of publications on experimental studies of the manifestation of the properties of the human nervous system in various fields. It is noted that of the three properties of the nervous system - strength, mobility, balance, originally proposed by the physiologist I.P. Pavlov, psychologists studied the latter property less often and less than others; that long-term experimental research in various fields of activity, theoretical generalization of scientific data obtained in different scientific schools, allowed E.P. Ilyin to distinguish two new types: "external" and "internal" balances of the processes of excitation and inhibition and to propose variants of the author's express motor methods for measuring the properties of the human nervous system. Despite a noticeable decrease in interest in this problem, an unjustified reduction in the arsenal of psychodiagnostic methods (they are reduced almost exclusively to questionnaires and questionnaires), the work begun by Russian psychologists in the 1950s-1970s V.D. Nebylitsyn, K.M. Gurevich, B.M. Teplov, E.A. Klimov, V.S. Merlin, E.A. Golubeva, E.P. Ilyin and others have a constructive continuation; not only important empirical data are accumulating, but also new variants of diagnostics of the properties of the nervous system are being developed (including hardware, using modern computer, digital technologies). The article provides an overview of modern studies of the manifestations of the balance of nervous processes in education, sports, and professions. It is shown that knowledge of the natural (psychophysiological) characteristics of a person makes it possible to better understand his current psychophysiological states, to assess his predisposition to different specializations in sports and professional activity.