Characteristics of medical personnel in Eastern Siberia of the late XIX - early XX centuries
The article examines the ranks and positions of medical workers that were encountered in Eastern Siberia at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries, and gives characteristics to them. The system of training doctors is studied in details, their number is given. Such questions as the qualifications of doctors of medicine who have a higher social status, the training of female doctors, which is associated with the problem of obtaining higher education by them are analyzed separately. The problem of professional development of medical workers in Russia in the era of Emperor Nicholas II is raised. The study notes the presence in Eastern Siberia of a systematic shortage of personnel, including doctors of narrow specialties, which made it relevant to organize a higher medical school in the region that could train qualified doctors. The opening of paramedic schools in Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk and Yakutsk contributed to the employment of vacant positions by well-trained paramedical personnel. At the same time, up to 60 % of paramedics had low qualifications, since they received accelerated training while serving in the army. Due to the high birth rate, paramedics-midwives were of great importance for the population, who are gradually appearing at each medical department. Sisters of mercy are considered separately, since they were in the service of the Russian Red Cross Society. The author pays attention to the fact that in the late XIX - early XX centuries there was a gradual abandonment of the craft practice of training future workers. Instead, new medical educational institutions were opened or old ones were reformed.