Problems of social and economic adaptation of the population to the conditions of global climate change: approaches and solutions
Climate change causes a wide range of social, environmental and economic consequences in all spheres of people's life. This determines an importance of people's adaptation to climate change, which has become one of the priority goals facing governments of many countries in recent decades. The authors of the article define an interdisciplinary field of research on problems of people's adaptation to conditions of climate change, summarize and particularize the main approaches in this area, and also reveal peculiarities of taking into account factors of different nature depending on a specific territory. Analysis and generalization of scientific papers covering countries of Europe, Asia, the Asia-Pacific region, Africa, North and South America, etc. made it possible to identify main directions in a study of an area under consideration. They are as follows: problems of adaptation of the population of rural areas and farms as the most sensitive area to climate change; consideration of adaptation processes in planning development and settlement; assessment and forecasting of threats, risks and consequences of adaptation; features of the influence of socio-cultural and political factors; consideration of demographic and ethnic factors; mechanisms of adaptation of the population to natural disasters; generation, accumulation, integration and the use of knowledge. The appeal to the socio-cultural approach allowed to consider the problem of adaptation of the population, taking into account the influence of not only economic, but also social, national-cultural, demographic and ethnic factors. The results obtained can be used in the development of programs for the adaptation of regions and national economies to the processes of global climate change.