Characteristics and Features of Burn Injury in Victims of Emergency Situations
The aim of the study - to characterize and define the main features of burn injury in victims of emergency situations, which should be taken into account when organizing medical care to such contingents. Materials and methods of research. The work is based on the results of data analysis of clinical examination and medical care of 1 586 victims with burn injury in 1983-2017. Of the total number of those surveyed: men - 1059 (66.8%); women - 527 (33.2%). All victims were divided into 3 groups: 1st group - those who received burns in usual conditions - outside of any emergency; 2nd group - those who received a burn injury in an emergency; 3rd group - service men who received a burn injury during the counter-terrorist operation in the Chechen Republic in 1999-2001. Research results and their analysis. In large-scale fires, as well as in combat, the main damaging factor of burn injury is the flame. In addition, features by type of lesion in these groups were identified. In groups 1 and 3, isolated burn injury prevailed; in group 2 - multifactorial lesions occurred in more than half of the cases. The victims in the 2nd group, compared to those of the 1st and 3rd groups, were more likely to have severe and extremely severe burn injuries. In large-scale fires, more than 50% of the victims with burn injury receive burn shock. Summary 1. Multifactorial lesions are typical for fires in confined areas, and when assessing the severity of the condition of the victim - burns of the respiratory tract with thermochemical products of combustion not only alter the course of burn disease, but also significantly affect the prognosis and treatment outcomes. 2. The medical treatment organization can receive up to 10 victims at one time who will need emergency multidisciplinary medical care in the intensive care units of the specialized burn department.