Cultivation Practice Efficiency of New Varieties of Fiber Flax in the Southwest of Non-Chernozem Area of Russia
The early ripening variety Leader had the maximum yield of flax-straw in the control stage (without fertilizer) of 2.44 t/ha; that is 0.04 and 0.23 t/ha higher than the varieties C-108 and Soyuz had. The variant N<sub>30</sub> P<sub>54</sub> K<sub>95</sub> (borofoska and ammonium nitrate) resulted in 4.98 t/ha of flax-straw of the variety Leader. In the N<sub>45</sub> P<sub>54</sub> K<sub>95</sub> variants with various types of fertilizer the variety C-108 had 4.7 and 4.67 t/ha, Union - 5.02 and 5.15 t/ha, respectively. Plant lodging of these varieties was observed with an increased supply of nitrogen (N<sub>45</sub>). The variety Leader had the best number of flax-straw (3.5) and long fiber (15.5), flexibility (42 mm), breaking load (18.2 kg), long fiber yield (0.92 t/ha) in the N<sub>30</sub> P<sub>54</sub> K<sub>95 </sub>variant with ammophos +Kalimag + ammonium nitrate. With the rate of N<sub>45</sub> the parameters decreased: the yield of long fiber (0.73 t/ha), number of flax straw (2.25), long fiber output (16.1%), flexibility (34.5 mm), breaking load (15.6 kgs). Higher doses of nitrogen worsened the fiber quality. It gets rougher and has less breaking load. The variety Leader in the variant with borofoska and N<sub>15 </sub> had the long fiber yield 0.89 t/ha, number of flax-straw - 3.0, long fiber yield - 20.3% with number 13.2. With N<sub>45</sub> the long fiber yield increased to 0.93 t/ha. The variety C-108 had the long fiber yield of 0.94 t/ha, long fiber output of 20.9%, flax-straw number of 2.5, long fiber number of 13.7 in the N<sub>30</sub> P<sub>54</sub> K<sub>95 </sub>variant with ammophos +Kalimag + ammonium nitrate. In the variant with borofoska and N<sub>15</sub> there was the increased number of flax-straw (2.75), the total fiber content (31.7%), but the fiber strength was lower (12.6 kgf). In the variant with borofoska and N<sub>30</sub> and N<sub>45</sub> there was the increased long fiber yield (0.76 and 0.77 t/ha), flexibility (38.5 mm) and strength (breaking load of 15.4 and 18.0 kg), but in comparison with the N<sub>15</sub> variant the total fiber content decreased (28.2 and 29.2%), so did the long fiber output (16.5% in both variants). The varieties Prince and Lavina gained the maximum seed yield in the second sowing date (1.10-1.25 t/ha). The later sowing date reduced the harvest to 67-160%. The variety Prince of the second sowing date had 4.65 tons of flax straw, 1.40 t/ha of flax fiber and 1.25 t/ha of flax seeds. The later sowing dates caused the drop in flax fiber production to 66-152%.