LOGOPEDIC WORK TOWARDS FORMATION OF PHONEMIC SYSTEM IN CHILDREN WITH HYPERNASALITY
The article describes a scientifically based technology of formation of phonemic system of the native language in children born with cleft lip and palate. From the first days of the baby's life this birth defect impairs the development and functioning of the speech organs of the child (tongue, lips, jaws, soft palate, and voice producing apparatus), leads to the reduction of speech kinesthesia and control of articulatory movements. Such children cannot reproduce linguistic phonological oppositions by corresponding articulatory movements. Thus, when pronouncing vowels they tend to mix up articulations in height, backness and labialization; consonant articulations are confused in manner and place of production. Inability to reproduce linguistic phonological oppositions by corresponding articulatory movements and incomplete kinesthetic (articulatory) comprehension of speech sounds causes indistinct differentiation by the hearing; that is why accumulation of clear phonetic images of words is made difficult in such conditions and there appear a number of obstacles in the process of formation of the phonemic system of the language. Special training taking into account the mechanisms of underdevelopment of the phonemic system of the language in children suffering from hypernazality presupposes five interrelated sections: formation of linguistic phonological oppositions by corresponding articulatory movements; development of kinetic-kinesthetic basis of articulatory movements and control; correction of the phonetic system of the language; formation of phonemic, intonational and morphological comprehension, skills and habits of phonetic analysis; development of cognitive processes in the sphere of language.