FRONTAL CORTEX INTERACTIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS IN CHILDREN
The study deals with cognitive and behavioral disorders in children. The article shows the early dynamics of behavioral states and describes the picture of formation of cognition in children. The author highlights the generally accepted opinions about localization of the basic psychological functions and presents a modern network model of regulation of cognitive and behavioral functions. The article notes the role of interaction between neuromediatory systems in the regulation of certain behavioral components and provides the main epidemiological indicators of cognitive and behavioral disorders in children. The author focuses on three most evident behavioral children’s disorders: attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, and Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. A comparative analysis of the specificity of inheriting, morphology, neurochemistry, clinical manifestation and therapeutic treatment of these disorders has been carried out. It has been shown that the masculine sex, engagement of frontostriatal structures, and dopamine and serotonin mediatory systems are typical factors of stereotypies formation and moderate treatment with the help of serotonin reuptake inhibitors for most developmental disorders in children. Genetic heterogeneity, engagement of other anatomic factors, and controversial deviations in other neurotransmission systems presuppose the specificity of the clinical picture and inadequate effectiveness of neurotropics of other groups.The formation of the brain both in phylo - and ontogenesis presupposes prosencephalic development which is basically characterized by progressive growth of frontal lobes. “Excessive” development of frontal lobes in man leads to the conflict between the evolutionary ancient subcortical structures and the neocortex. Such contradictions cause the emergence of the basic developmental diseases engaging the behavioral and cognitive spheres.