EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT SELECTION METHODS IN BREEDING OF SPRING WHEAT
It was carried out the study on determination of effectiveness of selection methods: non-traditional OSO (one seed from one plant for offspring), and general one from mass reseeding. The work was done in 1987-1995 in the department of spring wheat breeding of the Kazakh Research Institute of Farming in collaboration with the laboratory of genetic techniques in plant breeding of Botany Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakhstan Republic under conditions of unprovided for precipitations boghara (Karoj stow, Alma-Ata region). The material for the research was 54 F2 hybrid combinations of spring wheat, in which the selection was carried out by three methods: I - OSO from F2 to F5; II - OSO-MR (single selection of one seed from one plant for offspring, and the subsequent mass reseeding to F5); III - mass reseeding of populations to F5. OSO method allows combining a random selection in F2-F3 generations and in F6-8 homozygous populations. Its efficiency is 23 times higher than selection from the same populations at mass reseeding. Under optimal cultivation conditions OSO method requires the study of significantly little volume of breeding material on small sowing area. The method, combining OSO selection in F2 generation with further mass reseeding to F6 and subsequent individual selection, is also effective, especially, under arid conditions. By means of the ecological study of genotypes, selected by different methods, it was determined high competitive ability those of them, which were selected by OSO method under favorable irrigated conditions. From 4 lines carried to the competitive test, three were passed as varieties in the State variety test: Ikar (registered in 4, 9, 10, 11 regions of the Russian Federation), AVIADa (4, 9, 10 regions) and Adelina.