The links between solar activity and smoke with trends in hematological malignancies in Russia
Hematological malignancies, which include leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) and multiple myeloma, amount 6.6% of the global incidence of malignant neoplasms, and 4.7% in Russia. A significant number of studies indicate the involvement of environmental factors in the occurrence of hematological malignancies. The role of electromagnetic waves in the origin of NHL is indicated by data on the increased risk of developing them in occupations associated with electricity. Leukemia in children is positively associated with vehicle smoke. There are indications of a role in the emergence of HL of tobacco smoke. Previously, the authors established a links between the incidence of NHL and leukemia in cohorts of young children with the activity of the Sun, and in leukemia a correlation with the smoke of forest fires was also found. In this work has been investigated the relations between the trends in the incidence of hematological malignancies in the population of Russia in 1993-2018 with smoke and solar activity. There was a tendency towards an increase in the incidence of hematological malignancies (p<0.001) by 2.8% per year. The incidence of leukemia (p=0.004), NHL (p<0.001), and multiple myeloma (p<0.001) significantly increased. This trend is presumably related to the increase in the number of cars in the country. The incidence of HL, on the contrary, is characterized by a downward trend (p=0.019). A link was found between the activity of the Sun and the incidence of leukemia (r=0.708, p=0.010, lag 2 years), NHL (r=0.689, p=0.013, lag 2 years), multiple myeloma (r=0.657, p=0.020, lag 2 years) and LH (r=0.606, p=0.037, lag 7 years). The data obtained suggest a significant contribution of smoke and solar activity to the occurrence of hematological malignancies in children and adults. Based on the role of environmentally related oxidative stress in oncogenesis, it is recommended for the prevention of hematological malignancies to consume a sufficient amount of vitamins, regularly include in the diet fresh vegetables, fruits, foods to stimulate autophagy and Transfer Factor.