ON THE RELATION OF THE QURAN TO THE TORAH AND THE NEW TESTAMENT, AS WELL AS TO JUDAISTS AND CHRISTIANS PART FOUR. THE QURAN AS HERALD OF A NEW MENTALITY EPOCH. MENTALITY ERAS PERIODIZATION IN THE MANKIND''S HISTORY
Content- and discourse-analysis of three Scriptures of the world monotheistic religions is of considerable interest not only in terms of relations between these religions. Such analysis of Messages not created by people but sent down from above, reveals both single plan of all mankind's forward development and individual stages of evolutionary development of human mentality. The object of this study is the text of three Scriptures. In my research, I use comparative analysis of the Torah, the New Testament and the Quran, as well as I compare the Scriptures' content selected in this manner with a reputable data on contemporary biological and socio-political stage of human development. This article consists of two parts. In first one, I show that some of the ideas contained in the Quran, testify that it was sent down in an entirely new era of mankind's mentality development, and the ideas themselves are heralds of this new epoch. These novations, in particular, are: (i) the idea of necessary diversity, especially of religious (and corresponding attitude toward interfaith disputes as to meaningless ones), (ii) historical thinking (awareness that nothing is eternal), and (iii) caused by this thinking much freer attitude toward statutes and laws given in the previous Scriptures as toward to what with time becomes obsolete and turns to "burdens and fetters" and hindering to walk the righteous path. In the second part of this article I attempted to show how the information contained in the Torah, the New Testament and Quran as in three Epistles from the Only God allow to carry out the periodization of mankind's mentality development. So, I highlight three types of ‘mental civilizations' in human history, ‘civilization of paganism', ‘civilization of Latria' and ‘civilization of scientific self-governance'. The sequence of these civilizations is the general direction of mankind development, which is marked by the transfer of functions of lawmaking from God to man. However, on each socio-economic and political stage, societies and states belonging to different types of mental civilizations coexist and interact with each other.