ORGANIZATION OF THE MILKING STATION TO THE CONDITIONS OF MOUNTAIN PASTURAL CONTENT OF COWS
The article presents suggestions and recommendations on the organization of a summer milking camp in the conditions of mining in the North Caucasus Federal District. The use case for milking a universal milking station of the UDS-3B brand, equipped with the developed by us advanced means of machine milking of cows of the ADV-F-1 brand, adapted to high-mountain conditions with low atmospheric air pressure, is considered. Distinctive features of the production process under such conditions is the free-run free-run method of keeping the dairy herd, in which in the warm season the herd is located on the territory of mountain pastures, and in the cold - on lowland farming areas and in cowsheds. The region under consideration is mainly filled with private livestock, small and medium livestock farms with a content of ten to two hundred heads of dairy livestock. The possibility of increasing the number of milking machines on a milking platform, depending on the number of dairy cows in the mountain pasture, the need to equip it with additional machines for artificial insemination of cows, an additional power plant and a wind turbine, is shown. In mechanization of production processes in the summer camp, along with serial machines used taking into account the peculiarities of the mountain landscape, energy-saving equipment for producing hot water due to the installation of solar plants, biogas based on the fermentation of manure obtained, and use of final feeds on the basis of grain-free peeled shells were used to the maximum extent possible barley. The paper describes the features of the organization of the movement of cows for milking and after it, the preparatory, main and final operations of the process of machine removal of milk from the udder of the animal, the organization of the primary processing and processing of milk: cleaning, cooling, and, if necessary, se-paration or pasteurization of it. The results of our own analytical and experimental studies are presented.