ANALYSIS OF SUPPORT AND TAMPING METHODS OF THE BEHIND-ANCHORING SPACE OF MINE WORKINGS AND METHODS FOR CALCULATING THE INTERACTION OF THE SUPPORT WITH THE ROCK MASSIF
The increase in the depth of development and the deterioration of mining and geological conditions of mineral deposits require the improvement of mine workings support methods. With the existing variety of support, the most widespread type of supporting of capital mine workings is the arch metal support with reinforced concrete pile. The development of this method of mine workings supporting is aimed at achieving complete and low-consumption filling of the behind-anchoring space with grouting mortar. The process of tamping is effectively used for various purposes, but when filling the behind-anchoring space, there are difficulties associated with the inability to completely fill the voids, to remove excessive moisture, which reduces the effectiveness of the fixing. The existing design methods of roof supports with tamping of behind-anchoring space do not take into account real mining-geological and mining-technical conditions of mine working carrying, as well as the formation of softened and partially destroyed rock layers between the support and the undisturbed rock mass. The effective supporting of mine workings in underground mining implies the improvement of the supporting technology and the methodology of support calculation. The paper reviews the methods of workings supporting depending on the purpose, service life of the working and the physical and mechanical properties of rocks. Particular attention is paid to the problems of mine workings supporting by arch metal support with reinforced concrete backing. It is shown that the construction of such support must be accompanied by a full tamping of the behind-anchoring space. The analysis of rock tamping methods with an indication of the difficulties of tamping is made. A review of the methods and results of calculating the interaction between the support and the rock mass has also been carried out, which showed that the consolidation of the behind-anchoring space is complicated by imperfections in the existing methods of calculating the support in the presence of a tamping layer.