CULTURAL AND TYPOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF ORIENTALISM IN THE COURSE "HISTORY OF THE RUSSIAN MUSIC"
In article the author's view of a research of conceptual fundamentals of history of the Russian music as sciences and as subject from positions of cultural and typological approach receives disclosure. Such approach allowing to learn the Russian musical art in the context of an orthodox civilization serves as scientific tools of the analysis of “Russian Europeanness” and the orientalism presented in the author concept as fundamental “rod” categories of maintenance of the course “History of the Russian Music” in pedagogical process. In article the historical way of formation and development of orientalism as complete genetically significant phenomenon of the Russian music of XVIII - the beginning of the XX centuries is considered. Investigating musical orientalism, the author emphasizes the importance of typological characteristics of the Russian art (musical) culture, namely: spirituality as a dominant component of the Russian music; traditionalism and integrity, which keep originality and national identity; the openness and the multifaceted dialogue, which define the unique ability to the art dialogue with the West and the East. Studying of orientalism has shown dynamics and a variety of his contents from intonational copying of east melodies and rhythms before philosophical comprehension of the esoteric dogmas of the East refracted through a prism of values and meanings of the Russian culture. The author allocates four characteristic and variable manifestations of the Russian musical orientalism: the figurative sphere connected with disclosure of identity of the non-Christian people of the Asian region; the figurative sphere cast by a fantasy and east fairy tale; the figurative sphere giving general concept of hostile forces, for example, to the Tatar-Mongolian horde; the figurative sphere which sources should be looked for in east religious doctrines. The frontage to the East became a powerful incentive of development of means of musical expressiveness, significantly having enriched an intonational arsenal of the Russian musical classics -rhythms, a melodics, harmony, the orchestration. In article it is shown that the orientalism has deeply reflected cultural and typological features of the Russian musical art created on the basis of an orthodox world view. The cultural orthodox values have predetermined the careful and humane attitude of the Russian composers to art of other people. According to an author's position the orientalism phenomenon in the maintenance of a training course “History of the Russian music” needs substantial and methodical reconsideration. In article the special method of the cultural and typological analysis of orientalism in his stage-by-stage realization is presented and reasonable. When studying of the generalizing sections of a course the analysis model including statement of conceptual bases of musical art in the context of features of the Russian culture as the making orthodox civilization is offered. Application of a method in educational process assumes a support on the semantic bases of the Russian musical culture which problem field covers valuable characteristics of orientalism in dialectics traditional and “others” (the introduced foreign-language) musical materials, studying of art currents and schools as a product of national mentality and the civilization importance, the analysis of the musical “style of an era”.