SOME ISSUES OF CHANGE OF THE MEANING IN MODERN LANGUAGES
The article is devoted to the analysis and description of the semantic development of words. The development of meaning is deterministic; it is the result of the continuous adjustment of the language system to all the renewing tasks of society and language communication. It is pointed out that the appearance of each new word and new meaning is associated with certain texts or situations of communication, when an individual speaker or a group of native speakers introduces an innovation for situational nomination. The change in the semantics of the word fixer, which has a verbal generating basis (Eng. to fix, German fixieren, Russ. фиксировать, Lat. figo, fixi, fixum, fixere), is analyzed in detail. On the basis of the analysis of publications, more than 15 meanings are indicated, which can be recorded in dictionaries: local journalist, hired journalist coordinator, hired informant; professional guide and translator; conductor; assistant producer, administrator, helper; mediator; foreman, repairman, adjuster; cleaner; fixer as a universal name for any profession. New sememes are characterized by semantic uncertainty, diffuseness. Their desemantization requires broader contexts. The “fixer” undergoes semantic transformation; new sememes appear while keeping the old (main) meaning. As a result, the word becomes applicable to a greater number of denotations (Sachverhalte). Since in the lexical system of the language all links are naturally connected with each other, interact and condition each other, any semantic transformation of one lexeme leads to a change in the meaning of other lexemes included in the same lexical-semantic field.