How to achieve balance in diet: answer - in studying component body composition
Рurpose of the study: prepare an individual diet depending on the type of physique and component composition of the body of the individual, using an anthropometric method of assessing the ratio of fat to muscle mass of the soma and at the same time to focus on the level of daily physical activity. Materials and methods. The study involved 223 young men and 144 girls between the ages of 17 and 21. The work uses an anthropometric technique of determining the component composition of a sample of healthy students in order to develop a diet for members of different constitutional types, which would include a sufficient set of plastic substances and at the same time be oriented to features taking into account the component composition of the body. The anthropometry program included measurements of mass-growth, longitudinal, male body sizes and thickness determination of skinfolds; Further, somatotyping was performed and the personal diet of the basic nutrients was compiled based on the somatotype, taking into account the degree of physical activity. Results of a research. The method of anthropometry used to develop a daily diet for a student cohort taking into account an individual somatotype is justified in an applied sense: the results showed that the daily diet has high variability depending on the following factors: the type of physique proportions, the individual proportion of muscle and fat component and the level of usual physical activity. The maximum basal level of metabolism and daily energy consumption even in the case of passive lifestyle in the student sample are characterized by dolichomorphes of both sexes, and the least energy consumption both at rest and at moderate load is borne by young mesomorphes and brachymorphic girls. In the female group of the sample studied, it was found that the daily energy exchange with low physical activity of girls did not have significant differences between the different constitutional types, but for the group of physically active girls the difference in energy costs was clear. In the latter case, dolichomorphes were most spent on energy, followed by mesomorphes, and to the least extent by brahimorphes. Conclusions. Variation of the daily diet with a body composition orientation allows the basic principle of ration nutrition to be observed, in which the physiological needs of the body must be provided with food substances in amounts and proportions that have maximum utility; And the daily diet must correspond to the energy values of the organism. The type of proportions, or somatotype, as well as the individual ictedbody composition during the teenage stage of ontogenesis is much more predicts the quantitative ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates than personal daily physical activity.