CLIMATIC FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF THE PLANNING STRUCTURE OF YAKUTSK
The origin of Yakutsk is coming from Lenski (or Yakut) jail, that was founded on the right bank of the Lena River by the squad of Yenisei Cossacks headed by centurion Peter Beketov. In the petition to the king Beketov said: “The same year in September 25 day, by decree of sovereign Grand Duke of All Russia Michael I founded a burg on the Lena River with service people for the sovereign majesty in Ukraine, tributaries collections and for Yakut people coming. No towns were on the Lena River in Yakutia land before”. Burg, named Lenskiy, was placed “against yakut prince Mymakova ulus and between many other ulus of the whole earth” in 1632.Founded as a small burg, Yakutsk was replaced and rebuilt a couple of times. The last quarter of the XVII century the stronghold represented a magnificent composition from sixteen towers, several churches and household building. As manu other Siberia towns, Yakutsk had strong walls and towers. Besides, the town was surrounded by the second belt of walls, which reiterating the rectangle shape of the inner ones. The research of the stronghold began only when it turned into ruins. They were fixed in pictures, drawings, models and photos, however none of the explorers made any efforts to reconstruct visual the image and character of the Yakutsk stronghold, basing on remaining documentary material. By the way, there are all the foundations for this, as far it represents outstanding masterpiece of ancient Russian wood stronghold architecture of the XVII century.