Modern Lexical Borrowings in the Context of Existing of Culture of the Russian Speech
In the article the attention is drawn to the problem of modem lexical borrowings in Russian as an urgent direction in the circle of linguodidactic researches. Sources and factors of the foreign-language borrowings process, its features - in particular, the increasing domination of English Americanisms among foreign-language borrowings in Russian are disclosed. The main stages of development of foreign-language words are characterized: semantic adaptation and formal adaptation, competition of borrowings with lexemes of the borrowing language. The problem of the standard of speech in the use of foreign-language words is raised: impoverishment of Russian, loss of its figurativeness, lexical redundancy as a result of unmotivated use of foreign-language words, inteijargonization. Dependence of the relation of native speakers of Russian to foreign-language lexicon on their cultural level, age features are emphasized. Uncertainty of the relation of teachers to foreign-language lexicon is obviously because of insufficiency in linguodidactic researches. The staticized foreign-language lexicon, in its essence, isn''t presented in school textbooks though by junior school age the number of these words in the children''s speech is about fifty. And in their use the most various mistakes are made: lexico-semantic, phonetic, grammatical, spelling. To increase the speech culture of schoolchildren a special dictionary combining directory, standard, backbone and educational functions is recommended.