The prevalence of obesity in the adult population of the Russian Federation (literature review)
This review analyzes the prevalence of obesity among the adult population in the Russian Federation. The data of various studies, including large international projects (WHO MONICA 1985-1995, HAPIEE 2003-2005), all-Russian screenings (RLMS - HSE 1993, Federal monitoring of arterial hypertension 2003, ESSE-RF 2013 - present.), as well as selected regional studies. In some regions, the long-term dynamics of obesity has been studied. The history of studying the epidemiology of obesity in Russia has more than thirty years. According to the data obtained, the prevalence of obesity throughout the country remains high and continues to increase. Thus, among men, the prevalence increased from 10.8% in 1993 to 27.9% in 2017, among women - from 26.4% to 31.8%, respectively. In all regions where it was possible to assess long-term trends, the prevalence of obesity among adults increased (maximum - 48.5% in the Belgorod region). In the adult population, obesity is more common in women (maximum - 47.0% in the Novosibirsk region) than in men (maximum - 30.0% in Ivanovo and Voronezh regions). It is necessary to expand the number of regions in Russia in which studies of the prevalence of obesity are carried out, as well as to strengthen measures to combat overweight and obesity in all age groups throughout the country.