CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS IN CERTAIN INTERNAL DISEASES (review)
Heart rhythm disorders are considered as changes in the normal frequency, regularity, and source of depolarization of the heart, as well as impulse conduction disorders. Cardiac arrhythmias can be caused by numerous reasons, as well as their combination. The review presents current data on the frequency, risk stratification and prognostic value of cardiac arrhythmias in patients with various internal diseases. The data on the increased risk of atrial fibrillation in gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastric diseases and inflammatory bowel diseases are presented. The spectrum of the most common arrhythmias in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, as well as thyroid diseases, diabetes mellitus and acromegaly is considered. The options for cardiac arrhythmias associated with the use of chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of hemoblastosis are considered separately. Modern ideas about the mechanisms of development of arrhythmias in various internal diseases are discussed. In most cases, cardiac arrhythmias are associated with both the direct effect of the underlying disease on the cardiovascular system and the systemic reactions that occur. However, to date, the question remains to what extent the myocardial state that precedes the underlying disease plays a role in the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias. The significance of various congenital and genetic factors has not been clarified. These questions are essential for everyday clinical practice and require detailed scientific study.