Offence as a conflict with the legal system values
The characteristics of the offence as a form of social conflict with the values existing in a particular society and state are analyzed. The lack of identity of the concepts of "social value" and "value established by the state" is shown; the possibility of the state to trigger offences is substantiated. The characteristics of crimes provided in the criminal codes of different countries are compared; the sign of public danger (harmfulness), which should theoretically reflect the true system of values for a particular organized society, is analyzed. The commonality of the objects of crimes provided for by the criminal codes of different countries is shown. The signs and types of economic offences, their domestic and international nature, as well as their dependence on the controversial nature of economic relations are analyzed. A comparison of economic offences that typify the administrative-command and market models of the economy is given. The universality of economic relations as objects of legal protection is proved by comparison of the laws in different countries. An enlarged classification of economic offences based on the extent of their social danger and areas of proliferation is singled out. Particular attention is paid to civil offences as a form of economic offences, which may be based not on the anti-social attitudes of the subject, but on the conflict with a borrowed value system, which is alien to most members of the society. From the social side, the offence is a form of social conflict, not only with real but formal values that may not coincide with true social values. The term "economic offence" is largely of a collective nature and includes all illegal and culpable acts that impinge upon economic relations, and the latter are largely initially conflicting due to the diverging interests of the subjects, the existing competition and the striving for profit. An economic offence is an extreme and illegal form of resolution of an existing conflict that entails the application of liability measures. The embodiment of the values and ideals of justice inherent in a certain state and society at a historical stage of its development will help to neutralize the causes of economic offences. They must stem from historical, cultural, spiritual and legal traditions. Everything artificially (mechanically) imposed from outside is doomed to rejection and creation of new conflicts, including those in the form of economic offenses.