POSSIBILITIES OF CELL THERAPY FOR CORRECTION OF AGE-RELATED CHANGES OF COGNITIVE FUNCTION OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Regenerative abilities and cognitive functions decline with aging. Studies using heterochronous parabiosis, in which pairs of young and old mice are surgically connected by a common blood supply, show that circulatory factors present in the systemic environment can inhibit or stimulate adult neurogenesis in aging mice. Accordingly, exposing young mice to the old systemic environment or plasma from aged mice reduces synaptic plasticity and disrupts contextual fear conditioning, spatial learning, and memory. The proteomic screen defines a subset of plasma signaling proteins, in particular the chemotoxin CCL11 (also known as eotoxin), whose plasma levels correlate with decreased neurogenesis in heterochronous parabionts and elderly mice, and whose levels are elevated in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of healthy aging individuals. An experimental study on F1 mice of the possibility of therapeutic use of the mononuclear fraction of the bone marrow for the correction of age-related changes in the central nervous system was carried out. The animals were tested in the dynamics of aging, as well as after intravenous administration of a mononuclear fraction of the bone marrow obtained from young donors identical in age to recipients. The results obtained demonstrate the presence of changes in the indicators of the exploratory activity of old mice after therapy with a mononuclear fraction of the bone marrow obtained from young donors in comparison with groups of animals that received bone marrow cells from old donors and saline. Perhaps the reconstruction of the bone marrow with young hematopoietic stem cells can provide a longer therapeutic effect. Reducing the risks associated with the transplantation procedure is possible by creating personalized young hematopoietic stem cells from the patient's own pluripotent cells is the task of regenerative medicine.