MODERN ASPECTS OF EVALUATION OF R&D COMPETITIVENESS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
The article is devoted to the evaluation of the competitiveness of scientific and design developments in the conditions of limited funding in Russia. The main factors of R & D activity reduction in recent decades, as well as risk reduction factors in R &D financing by increasing their competitiveness are considered. The topic of financing and competitiveness of R & D today is particularly relevant in connection with the general orientation of industrial production to advanced science-intensive technologies. At the same time, this subject lacks methodological support. The authors identify the main reasons for the reduction of R & D in recent years. The article lists the main directions of risk reduction in R & D; in detail the possible sources of funding. Several criteria are proposed, according to which it is possible to select the most promising studies that can bring maximum profitability in the implementation of R & D results. The main criteria of competitiveness of research and development, according to the authors, are: scientific and technical level of development, price, level of competition in the market of scientific and technical products and many others. Calculation and justification of scientific products can be carried out on the basis of the methods presented in the article: cost, market, normative-parametric and expert. The authors propose calculations that allow to determine the cost of R & D, their competitiveness and, as a result, to make an informed choice of the most promising and cost-effective areas of research.