Variability of morphometric indicators of the apical basis of the upper jaw in people with physiological occlusion (Part I)
Morphometric indices of the apical bases of the jaws and dental arches are informative, diagnostically significant parameters, and the determination of the boundaries of their variability in physiological occlusion makes it possible to substantiate the optimal plan of orthodontic treatment and evaluate its effectiveness in patients with dentoalveolar pathology. The work analyzed cone-beam computed tomograms and plaster models of the jaws of 92 people aged 21-35 years with physiological occlusion and various types of dental arches, established the degree of proportionality of the apical basis of the upper jaw to the intercanine distance. Patients, depending on the trusive type of dental arches, are divided into three groups. The results of the study showed the presence of discrepancies between the calculated and actual indicators of the width of the apical base for all types of dental arches in people with physiological occlusion. In case of mesotrusive dental arches (incisional angle - 1270-1430), the width of the apical base corresponded to the width of the dental arches between the canines, while the differences in indicators were not statistically significant. In people with retrusive dental arches (incisional angle exceeding 1440), the width of the dental arch was found to be significantly above the width of the apical bases. As far as protrusive dental arches are concerned (incisional angle below 1260), these patients featured predominance of the apical bases width over the inter-canine distance. The obtained data on the transverse parameters of the apical bases of the upper jaw, linear values of the intercanine distance and their interrelationships in people with physiological occlusion expand the fundamental scientific knowledge about the regularities of the structure of the structures of the craniofacial complex, and have applied significance in the clinic of orthodontics.