Influence of soil treatment methods and mineral fertilizers on yield of mixed crops of annual legumes and grains
The article presents the results of many years of research on the use of soy in mixed crops with oats, to obtain the maximum yield, balanced in digestible protein. The main goal of the study was to establish the effect of the stepwise application of mineral fertilizers and various methods of tillage on the productivity and nutritional value of the green mass of the soybean-oat mixture. The studies were carried out against the background of two methods of basic tillage - deep, with a bed turnover of 25-27 cm and a minimum of 12-14 cm. Stationary experiments were conducted on fused leached chernozems according to four variants of nitrogen supplements in doses: N20; N40; N60. It has been established that the introduction of multiple doses of nitrogen fertilizers had a very significant effect on the productivity of the green mass of annual crops. The highest yield of green fodder was noted for plowing - 19.6 t/ha, and the maximum for surface treatment - 17.9 t/ha was obtained on variants with the use of an increased dose of nitrogen fertilizers. The positive effect of the maximum doses of nitrogen fertilizing both on crop yields and on the quality indicators of the obtained green fodder has been proven. The use of soy in mixtures with cereals contributed to the provision of 1 kg of dry matter with digestible protein in the range of 117.92 g/kg against the background of plowing and 123.23 g/kg against the background of surface treatment using 60 kg of a.i. nitrogen. Analysis of the nutritional value of the green mass of the soybean-cereal mixture provided the content of 1 kg of natural feed for moldboard processing 0.28-0.32 ECU, cattle, for non-moldboard 0.25-0.31 ECU, cattle. The profitability of the production of green fodder of the legume-cereal mixture on the background + top dressing N60 was 45.3% for tillage with a layer turnover of 39.8%, for cultivation without layer turnover.