Influence of Technological Methods on the Oat Harvest Structure
The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of the sowing density, fertilizers, agro-ameliorative tillage methods and sowing ways on the formation of productivity's main elements of oats on drained lands. The experiment was performed in 1981-1993 and in 2015-2017 in the Tver region. The soil was sod-podzolic, light loamy and sandy gley, drained. We studied reclamative loosening and ridge ploughing as agro-ameliorative methods and row (control) and band-broadcast sowing on the low-ridge surface as sowing methods. The seeding rate in the experiment varied from 1.0 to 10.0 million of viable seeds/ha at an interval of 1.0 million seeds/ha. The experiment with intensive technology involved 3 options: extensive technology; normal technology (N60R60K60 for the planned yield of 3.0-3.5 t/ha of grain); biologized technology (without technical nitrogen and herbicides). With an increase in the initial plant density from 200 to 600 pcs/m2, the number of productive stems also increased from 310 to 505 pcs/m2, whereas the number of grains per panicle decreased from 38.8 to 31.2 grains, the weight of 1000 grains decreased from 31.4 to 24.0 g, the weight of grain per panicle deceased from 1.21 to 0.75 g, the biological yield increased from 3.72 to 4.47 t/ha. Under the influence of the methods aimed at improving the nutritional regime (fertilizers, technology), the yield of oats increased from 64.7 to 88.9% mainly as a result of an increase in the mass of grain per panicle. In the case of reclamative loosening, the share of this factor in the yield increase was 84.8%. The yield increase under the influence of drainage and ridge ploughing was formed equally both due to an increase in the number of productive stems and as a result of an increase in the weight of grain per panicle. The share of the grain weight per panicle in the total yield increase was 48.8-54.2%; the share of productive stems was 45.8-51.2%. Ridge band-broadcast method had a positive effect mainly on the number of grains per panicle. The share of this structure element in the total yield increase was 88.0%.