The practice of incorporating and fusing of buildings’ elements of different eras in architectural monuments of Rome
Cities with centuries-old history, are so-called historical settlement, are of interest for researchers and tourists of their opportunity to explore the socio-cultural, historical, archaeological, architectural heritage, which had been left by our ancestors. The aim of this research is the identification and analysis the most significant examples of the preservation of architectural elements and structures of antiquity in the structure of the later monuments of architecture. The research was done on the example of Rome, which has the most complete palette of buildings and structures related to the different temporal segments. This recycled fragments called spolia, was used widely in the formation of architectural and urban environment of Rome. Prerequisites of the practices similar reuse of architectural and structural elements are identified. The main prerequisites for this feature are Punic war, contributing to the flow of material and cultural values, are the birth of Christianity, and, therefore, the need for the widespread construction of churches on the site of the ancient temples, prudent attitude of the Romans towards the marble ruins of ancient buildings. Full-scale surveys and photographic images of more than 20 monuments of Rome were done in this research. Classification options for the incorporation of fragments of buildings in the reconstruction process based on their purpose and location: 1 - original location and purpose of the building during reconstruction doesn’t change; 2 - stored location, but changes the purpose of the building; 3 - the ruins of the original vast architectural complex after reconstruction are used for several different purposes. Incorporation and merging of architectural elements related to buildings from different eras, conservation-planning structure of the monuments of antiquity, the incorporation of the surviving fragments of the lost buildings in new construction, are contributes to the creation of individuality, an increase in the value of the architectural and town-planning environment.