INFLUENCE OF AGRICULTURAL INSTRUMENTS ON HARVEST STRUCTURE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF BEAN-NEMATICA MIXTURE IN THE SUBZONE OF LIGHT-CHESTAN SOILS OF THE ASTRAKHAN REGION
Introduction. Successful development of the livestock industry is impossible without a stable forage base. The main raw materials for hay production are perennial grasses and grass mixtures, since they give the cheapest feed even at high prices for fuels and lubricants, fertilizers, plant protection products and energy. To solve the problem of the lack of high-grade feed for livestock farms in the Northern Precaspian region, it is necessary to develop improved technological methods for cultivating perennial grasses and grass mixtures that increase productivity and improve their nutritional value. Therefore, this area of research is relevant. Objects. The objects of study were fodder grass mixtures, methods of sowing and various methods of irrigation. Materials and methods. For research, the methods of the All-Russian Research Institute of Feed, Beideman I.N., Dospekhov B.A. Results and conclusions. The climatic conditions of the Astrakhan region allow the cultivation of perennial fodder mixtures with high yields when using subsoil drip irrigation with different tape laying depths (0.15, 0.25, 0.35 and 0.45 m). The most productive turned out to be the scatter method of sowing. In 2018, the maximum values of the green mass yield, over 100.0 t / ha, were recorded at all studied variants of the tape embedment depth. The highest yield was recorded on the test variant with a tape laying depth of 0.45 m and amounted to 114.8 t / ha. The maximum yield in 2019 was recorded on the option “ordinary + 0.15 m” m and amounted to 101.6 t/ha. The yield of green mass of the grass mixture in the experimental variants with the ordinary method of sowing was lower than when using the spread method of sowing, on average for 2 years by 34.0%. Structural analysis of the composition of the grass mixture shows that in 2018, on the test variants with tape laying depths of 0.35 and 0.45 m for all sowing methods, cereals were absent in the crop. In 2019, the amount of the bean component in the experiment variants with the ordinary sowing method on average for the variants with different depths of laying the tape decreased by 12.2%, and for variants with the spread method of sowing by 15.9%. The number of cereals, on the other hand, increased by ordinary and scattered methods of sowing by an average of 22.0 and 24.5%, respectively.