New Vectors of WTO Law Development and Certain Issues of Application of the Subsidy Instrument
The multilateral system of trade regulation is the most complex institution of international law. Over the past three decades, the members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade have managed to form not only the format of negotiations - the World Trade Organization, but also the rules and regulations for doing business in the world market, including the rules for granting subsidies. However, the further development of the organization is undergoing a crisis. The equilibrium application of international trade rules is now impossible due to the current situation: some developing countries, which at the time of joining the WTO recorded a large number of exemptions and transition periods, have grown economically and can now compete on an equal footing with developed countries. On the other hand, it is impossible to talk about any violations, since these exemptions were “agreed”. The problem is exacerbated by the fact that the WTO, although it uses the concepts of “developing, developed and least developed countries”, does not have its own classification of countries according to economic development and cannot respond to changes in their development. The questions posed by the last round of multilateral trade negotiations (the Doha round) have already begun to affect such areas of regulation in which the equalization of the norms and rules of trade between developing countries and developed countries affects not only the economic but also the social sphere. In addition, a deeper level of typification of trade regulation rules affects the mechanisms of interaction that go beyond the activities of such an international organization as the WTO and are inherent in integration associations. Nevertheless, active WTO members have put forward initiatives to change the rules for issuing subsidies, aimed at tightening them and even deeper unification of national jurisdictions with standard international approaches to regulating state support.