Formation of moral upbringing of junior schoolchildren: diagnostic aspect
The article deals with the problem of spiritual and moral degradation of society and possible ways to effectively minimize its consequences. The author describes various studies of the formation of spiritual and moral education, the process of development of the value-semantic sphere of personality, the moral principle as basic personal characteristics, the features of spiritual and moral education of students of a general education organization. The structural components of the formation of spiritual and moral values are highlighted: motivational, cognitive, emotional-value, activity, coinciding with the components of the formation of a culture of behavior. As a possible solution, it is proposed to use diagnostic tools to determine the levels of formation of moral education of children of primary school age. The author presents the main methods and data confirming their effectiveness. The level of formation of spiritual and moral education of students in a multicultural environment is determined in accordance with the selected criteria. To diagnose the cognitive criterion, the method "Moral values" was used, aimed at determining the completeness and depth of moral ideas. To diagnose the value-semantic criterion, we used the method "My desires", the main purpose of which is to determine the main orientation of the value orientations of pupils. As a diagnostic tool for the formation of an axiological (emotional-value) criterion, the "Unfinished thesis" technique was used, which contributes to obtaining information about the individual meanings of respondents in a multicultural environment. When identifying the activity criterion, the observation and the questionnaire "I and the world around me" were used as a control experiment, aimed at determining readiness for spiritual and moral actions focused on spiritual and moral values and the formation of the ability to evaluate behavior from the position of following spiritual and moral values. When processing the experimental data obtained, an algorithm recommended by the authors of diagnostic techniques was used, each of which reveals the manifestation of one or another indicator of spiritual and moral education.