Gender Characteristics of Suicidal Behavior in the Republic of Bashkortostan
This article analyzes gender-specific suicides, which can be seen in the level, causes and forms of suicidal behavior of men and women. It examines the findings from the age-specific mortality rates of suicides in the context of gender to determine regional characteristics. To detect gender-specific suicidal behavior, it is necessary to determine the normativity and distinctive parameters of male and female sex-role behavior, which are based on social, economic and cultural changes in the country, as well as the attitude towards self-injurious behavior as a whole The suicide rate in the Russian Federation was significantly modified over the past two decades. However, it was constantly higher than the average suicide mortality rate in the world. Also, the suicide rate varies greatly between federal subjects of Russia. In Russia the suicide rate among men and women is 3:1 or 4:1 depending on the region, and in the Republic of Bashkortostan this gender ratio is 7:1 (male : female). But women have a substantially higher rate of attempted suicide than men (10:1). This phenomenon is called the gender paradox of suicidal behavior, i.e. women have a higher level of suicidal thinking and behavior, but lower mortality by suicide than men. There are several theories to explain the gender paradox. The first theory explains this phenomenon by the fact that men prefer more brutal methods of suicide, and the second theory suggests that men in their suicidal behavior have a distinct purpose to die. The dominance of female suicide attempts can be explained by the specificity of women's suicidal behavior.