SOVIET CONSTRUCTION IN THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE NORTH-CAUCASUS REGION (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE GERMAN POPULATION)
The article analyzes the main goals, objectives and mechanisms of Soviet construction in the national environment, taking into account the specifics of the German population of the North-Caucasus region (19241934). This problem remains relevant because it is poorly studied, as well as due to the growth of scientific interest in the history of small ethnic groups. The regional authorities attached particular importance to the Sovieti-zation of the Germans, since economically and culturally it was the most developed ethnic community in the region. The article highlights the main directions of Soviet construction among the Germans of the region, the most important of which was the formation of a large network of national village councils, which, according to the Bolsheviks, were able to meet the economic and cultural needs of the German population. It is emphasized that within the framework of the Soviet construction the main task was the class differentiation of the German community and the increase of the political role of its poor farm laborers. The factors that hindered the processes of Soviet construction among the German population of the region are highlighted. Among them: the dispersion of the German colonies, their small number, the conservative way of life of German colonists, high level of their religiosity, the lack of qualified specialists. In addition, rural gatherings and assemblies continued to operate along with village councils. It violated the power monopoly of the Soviet authorities. The new stage of Soviet construction coincided with the beginning of collectivization, which resulted in social and economic transformations leading to complete sovietization of the German population.