THE MAIN LINGUISTIC DIRECTIONS OF THE STUDY OF METAPHOR IN ENGLISH
The article analyzes the main linguistic directions of the study of metaphor in the English language. It is noted that the review of opinions and judgments about metaphor is given in the scientific works of various researchers. Linguists select facts of metaphorical transference and create various semantic classifications of metaphors on this basis. But the whole versatility of the phenomenon of metaphor cannot be reflected. Metaphor is the most widespread trope of the system, since no restrictions are imposed on its basis of content, except for the obligatory logical inconsistency of the concepts compared in it. Various directions in the study of metaphorical phenomena in the English language have made a certain contribution to the study of this phenomenon. In addition, the traditional direction was engaged in the selection, differentiation and cataloging of various concepts used in the process of metaphorical transfer. The semantic direction studied metaphor as a universal mechanism, a universal semantic structure, that is, it investigated the forms of the content of this phenomenon. The structural direction worked in relation to fixing various constructions with metaphors, i.e. only the form of metaphor expression was studied. The semantic-structural direction analyzed the metaphor in two aspects at once: semantic and structural. In addition, the structural possibilities of metaphor are described and attention is focused on the universality of the semantic mechanism of metaphor.