Barriers and trade restrictions in the global export market for services: problems and consequences
The study examines the issues of export trade in services, analyzes possible barriers to the export of services and measures to eliminate them, including measures of state regulation. Growing due to restrictive measures caused by the coronavirus pandemic, the global financial and economic crisis has caused a new wave of protectionist sentiments in various countries, which is reflected in the persistence and emergence of new barriers to global trade in services. The article identifies specific measures to regulate trade in services in comparison with measures to regulate trade in goods. Proposals have been formulated on the use of instruments for regulating trade in services and additional instruments for promoting Russian exports of services, taking into account the national interests of the Russian economy. The paper shows that for a long time the main attention of governments has been paid to the creation and development of tools for regulating the effectiveness of international trade in goods, while economic realities persistently focus on strengthening institutions to support the service sector, its financial support, and the removal of barriers to the export of services. The policy of state support for the export of services should be applied in an aggregated form, since services are usually complex, i.e. there are links between individual service sectors. With the adoption of the strategy for the development of services exports until 2025, we can see a gradual transformation of the state's positions in relation to innovative processes taking place in the global services market and, it is necessary to note the positive trend of increasing tools to stimulate the export of services.