The Effectiveness of the Intensification of Dairy Cattle Breeding in OOO Plemzavod "Krasny Mayak" of the Yaroslavl Region
The influence of genetic and paratypic factors on increasing the efficiency of dairy cattle breeding during the introduction of intensive milk production technology in one of the enterprises of the Yaroslavl region was researched into. It was established that with interbreeding of Yaroslavl cows with Holstein bulls the average annual milk yield increased to 9577 kg of milk (by 56.2%), protein-fat ratio - by 51.5%. With the bringing cattle-breeding complex into operation for 2000 cows and the acquisition of a herd of purebred Holstein breed cattle of the Netherlands and East Germany selection the genetic potential of the herd has further increased. The average milk yield of cows for 305 days of lactation was 10457 kg which is 68% more than with interbreeding; the yield of milk fat and protein is 63.4% higher. The earliness of young stock has increased, the age of the first calving has decreased by 112 days with the increase in live weight. The sale of pedigree young stock has increased by 7.7 times including bull-calves for the artificial insemination. The farm received the status of the stud farm on the Holstein breed. Realization of genetic potential was carried out by improving the feeding of cows according to the American system. The cows are year-round stable keeping, yard housing with the formation of technological groups according to the physiological state and milk yield. Threefold milking was at the site "Carousel" with the devices company "Femax". Herd reproduction has improved: calves yield per 100 cows - 83%, service period reduced by 28 days (to 124 days). Gross milk yield has increased in 6.5 times - up to 236048 c per year, the profit from the sale of milk has increased in 7 times, the profitability of its production in 2018 was 26.66%. Milk yields over 15000 kg of milk per lactation are obtained from the best cows. By productivity the herd has reached the world level and there are prospects for further growth.