ABOUT METROLOGY of COPPER COINS OF SARAY, SARAY AL-JADID and GULISTAN in XIV century
In the article, the metrological characteristics of copper coins of the Golden Horde are considered. The author has studied the products of mints of Saray, Saray al-Jadid and Gulistan, which worked in different periods of the XIV century. For the study there were used the samples from such settlements as Vodyanskoe, Selitrenoe, Tsarevskoe, Zubovskoe, Kolobovka and Chertovo. Using the results in the form of histograms, the author concluded that copper coins of the XIV century were minted in different weight groups, which corresponds to different denominations. According to the author, in the monetary circulation of the second half of the XIV century coins were used in 1, 1½, 2, 2½, 3, 3½ and 4 pūls. They were distinguished not only by weight, but also by appearance, so that they were easily identified by the population.