On the issue of differentiation of criminal responsibility for mass riots
In the article, the author analyzes the corpus delicti provided for in article 212 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, namely, five independent crimes that are associated with mass riots and create conditions for their implementation: actions of an organizational nature; actions expressed in incitement of certain persons to mass riots; actions characterized by direct participation in mass riots; actions aimed at inducing an indefinite circle of persons to start mass riots, participate in them, as well as violence against citizens; preparatory actions that precede mass riots. Based on this, a study of the legislative differentiation of criminal liability for the above-mentioned criminal acts related to mass riots was carried out. It is established that the legislative differentiation of criminal liability for various actions needs further improvement, taking into account the ratio of the degree of public danger of the relevant actions and the expediency of excluding unnecessary criminal law prohibitions that unreasonably replace the provisions of the General Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on complicity in a crime. The unjustified leniency of punishment in the sanction of part 3 of article 212 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which contains calls for mass riots and violence against citizens, was noted. The question of the need for additional qualification of criminal actions in the case when a person previously underwent training to participate in mass riots, and then took part in them is considered. The author of the article also provides examples from law enforcement practice, highlights the problems of criminal responsibility for this crime and suggests ways to solve them.