MARKS OF PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES ON SKULLS OF THE POPULATION OF PENZA IN XVII-XVIII CENTURIES
Background. The purpose of the work is to identify and trace the etiology of pathological changes in the population of turtles in Penza XVII-XVIII centuries. Materials and methods. The material of the study was anthropological materials (skulls), discovered in May 2010, during construction on the territory of the modern Soviet Square in Penza. The study was carried out by visual inspection of the skulls, which were part of the series, during which deviations were recorded, which had a pathological origin. Results. Traces of pathological changes on turtles can be divided into three main categories: traces of trauma, traces of cancer and traces of inflammatory processes. Traumatic changes are represented by traces of chopped wounds, traces of a penetrating wound of the orbit and a fracture of the frontal process of the right upper jaw in combination with deformation of the nasal bones. Traces of cancer were found on one skull and were represented by osteoma, which is the result of a benign tumor. Traces of inflammatory processes, mainly, were characteristic for the manifestation of syphilis. Conclusions. A large number of traces of mechanical injuries are typical for the population of Penza in XVII-XVIII centuries. In some cases, they were the cause of death. A relatively common phenomenon was syphilis. Traces of oncological diseases on the turtles were relatively rare.