EFFECT OF MAIZE HYBRIDS TO APPLICATION OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS DOSES IN THE VOLGA REGION ON THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
In connection with the transition to import substitution of animal products, it is necessary to provide livestock industry with high-energy feed. One of the high-energy feed, that can produce 60-70 times more dry weight, than grain crops in a short time is maize. Experience shows, that in many farms of our country the maize productivity remains low. That’s why it is necessary to pay special attention to the basic elements of maize cultivation technology, one of which is to ensure optimal mineral nutrition, which will significantly increase not only the productivity, but also its quality. Unlike other agricultural crops, the biological potential of maize uses less than 40-50% at agricultural production. Therefore, taking into account the high possibility of the formation of high yield of maize green mass, it is necessary to create the optimal mode of plants for normal growth and its development during the growing season. Our results show, that at the Volga region of the Republic of Tatarstan the minimum vegetation period from germination to maturity of maize grain, regardless of nutrition background, was observed in the hybrid ROSS-140. On average for 2 years on the background of application the calculated doses of NPK of 50.0 tons per hectare, the planned productivity of maize green mass was produced 54.9 tons per hectare, in the current background of 70.0 tons per hectare – was received 69.6 tons per hectare. The maximum increase in the yield of green mass of maize (17.6 tons per hectare) was obtained from Kremen hybrid: on the background of applicant the calculated doses of mineral fertilizers of 50.0 tons per hectare and 29.8 tons per hectare from mineral fertilizers application to 70.0 tons per hectare.