PLATO IN ARTISTIC AND AESTHETIC RECEPTION OF LEO TOLSTOY
Philosophy, ethics and aesthetics of Plato considered in terms of their impact on the work of Leo Tolstoy. Tolstoy tune metaphysics ancient philosopher - the doctrine of “ideas”, his ethics - the doctrine of the immortality of the soul and aesthetics - the doctrine of Eros. In his artistic creativity Tolstoy often deeply in contact with Plato. Plato's idealism, in fact, close to Tolstoy's understanding of art as a sensual embodiment of reality, which in turn is itself a reflection of the underlying causes of the ideal, the absolute good, God. Tolstoy close Platonic understanding of creativity as a reflection of the reflection and aesthetic perception as a gradual ascent from the sensually tangible to the invisible and “infinite”. An example of Tolstoy's understanding of art as penetration into the world of “intelligible” can serve as a painting Mikhailova in the novel “Anna Karenina”. According to Tolstoy, art is to expose the “core” of the human soul, penetrate the visible “veil” in the invisible world. Through the outer “covers” the artist sees the spiritual face, which is already close to the Platonic world “ideas”. Tolstoy consonant Plato’s ethical doctrine of the immortality of the soul. According to the thought of Plato, the soul finds in this world physical incarnation, but retains a “memory” of the abandoned ideal world. When Natasha Rostova in the novel “War and Peace” says about the souls that were once “angels” and the possibility of spiritual “memories” that their naïve language it expresses the thought of Plato. Close to Tolstoy thought Plato's different fates shower clean and sinful. Plato's idea of sinful souls, which is not given to “soar” in his heavenly element, Tolstoy finds artistic expression in many works (“Anna Karenina”, “The Death of Ivan Ilyich”, “Strider”). Plato's analogy of love and art as passionately erotic desire for beauty is reflected in the novels of Tolstoy “The Kreutzer Sonata”. Sensual attraction Pozdnyshev’s wife and musician Truhachevsky is akin to the joy that creates music of Beethoven. According to Tolstoy, love and music can be in tune with each other as sources of sensory hedonism. Because music has become a catalyst of adultery and murder. In the views of Plato on the art for Tolstoy valuable recognition of the relationship of beauty and goodness. At the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, in times of crisis aesthetic, views of Plato on art have served as author of a treatise “What is art?” basis for passionate criticism of “decadence”.