ON THE HISTORY OF GRAIN FARMING IN NIZHNY NOVGOROD REGION: VOLUMES, CAUSES OF A SHARP DECLINE IN PRODUCTION AND EFFICIENCY
Introduction: the article deals with the history of grain farming Nizhny Novgorod, since the beginning of the last century to the present time, examines the main factors affecting the volume and quality of grain production. Materials and methods: the data of the statistical Department of different districts of the Nizhny Novgorod province on providing the population with various crops, on the yield of these crops were used as materials for writing the article. Results: the study analyzed the influence of the following factors on the production of grain crops: the previous crop, the presence of precipitation (aridity), the type of vapor, the availability of fertilizers. It is established that in addition to these factors on the provision of the population with grain, harvesting in a timely manner is of great importance. Losses from untimely harvesting can be up to 20 %. Discussion: gross grain harvest in Russia is determined not only by natural conditions, but also by many negative processes in the state associated with poor financial and material security of agriculture. Conclusion: the solution of the problem of impossibility of timely harvesting of grain is possible due to: increasing the number of harvesting equipment, temporary reduction of crops (primarily in the Eastern regions of the non-Chernozem region, etc.), the use of organizational solutions in the logistics of the use of agricultural machinery. Applied today on the lands of the Nizhny Novgorod region agricultural technologies of grain cultivation, can reduce the dependence of the crop on weather conditions. Therefore, the organizational and technical problems of grain agriculture are now becoming a priority, limiting, and therefore they require a priority and immediate solution.