SOME ASPECTS OF THE GLIOBLASTOMA TUMOR BIOLOGY
Glioblastomas are group of heterogenic tumor cells, characterized by a number of genetic alterations, manifesting by decrease or increase of function of various genes and cellular pathways dysregulation. These features make the glioblastomas ineffective existing treatments, including chemotherapy and modern anti-angiogenic therapy with monoclonal antibodies. A number of intracellular signaling pathways are known to cause tumor development, cell migration, angiogenesis and tumor invasion. First of all, for glioblastoma characterized by disruption of рRb- and p53- signaling pathways responsible for cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. Furthermore, cascades involved gliomogenesis associated with different receptors of growth factors (VEGF, EGF, SCGF et al.). They cause numerous effects aimed at increasing the proliferation, invasion and neovascularization. Proved the role of aberrant expression of miRNAs in the development of glioblastoma. Changes to the profile of post-translational histone modifications also play a major role in gliomogenesis. This review summarizes current data on the molecular genetic alterations in glioblastoma, which further investigation serves as a basis of search for new targets individualized targeted therapy of glioblastomas with the molecular and genetic damage.