Endoscopic examination of the colon: who, when, and why
Colorectal cancer (CRC) occupies one of the leading places in the world in the structure of morbidity and mortality from cancer. CRC refers to those tumors for which preventive measures are most effective. To date, there is no single generally accepted screening program for CRR in Russia. Colonoscopy and sigmoscopy are the most informative methods for diagnosing precancerous conditions and the initial stages of colon cancer. Objective: to study the prevalence and morphological characteristics of colon neoplasia in various age groups, to determine the optimal timing of endoscopic examination to prevent the development of CRC. Methods: a retrospective analysis of the results of colonoscopies of 292 patients aged 19 to 87 years. Patients were divided into 7 age groups with an interval of 10 years. Results: colon Neoplasia was detected in 132 patients (45.2%), 11 patients (3.8%) had malignant tumors, and 5 patients (1.7%) had large laterally spreading formations with foci of dysplasia (LST).According to the results of the study, by the age of 30-40, 35% of patients had intestinal neoplasia, 60% of which were tubular and dentate adenomas. Delayed detection and removal of these neoplasms may eventually lead to the development of a malignant process. The peak detection of adenomas occurred at the age of 50 to 70 years.The increase in the number of ZNO was noted after 70 years.Due to the predominant localization of formations in the sigmoid colon, rectosigmoscopy is justified for patients aged 30 to 40 years as a CRC screening. Conclusion: Taking into account the duration of the malignancy process, it is advisable to perform colonoscopy in all patients over 40 years of age as part of the primary medical examination.