Weather conditions and their role for grain crop productivity with fall tillage minimization
The results of studies during 2001-2017 obtained on chernozems of the leached forest steppes of the Ob region in a multifactorial stationary field experiment at Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Chemicalization are presented. During 2001-2006 the crops in rotations were alternated as follows: fallow - winter rye - wheat - wheat, since 2007 winter rye has been replaced with wheat. The variants of mechanical tillage for crop rotations were as follows: 1) the fallow ploughing at the depth of 25-27 cm, for crops (the second and third crops after the fallow) at the depth of 20-22 cm; 2) the combined adaptive ploughing from 2013 replaced by the strip tillage with subsurface cultivators at various depths for fallow and crops (at 25-27 cm); 3) the nonmouldboard tillage for fallow at the depth of 25-27 cm, for grain crops at the depth of 20-22 cm; 4) the minimal tillage with the cultivator “Stepnyak” at the depth of 10-12 cm for all crops; 5) without fall tillage. The role of weather conditions, chemicalization, predecessors and tillage for grain crop productivity being shown, weather conditions being improved from the acute humidification during the vegetation period to moderate wetting with an extensive background cause the increasing of crop yields by 2.16 tons per hectare for fallow lands, by 1.19 tons per hectare for the grain predecessor, and due to complex chemicalization by 2.5 and 2.96 t/ha, respectively