The Lebap Region during the Middle Ages (Historical-Archaeological Sketch about the Coast of the Amu Darya Middle Current)
Historical and cultural contacts and relations in the Lebap region (a middle current of the Amu Darya River) are traced in the Middle Ages as well as in the ancient times. The region becomes a part of the Arabian Caliphate, the states of Tahirids and Samanids. Numerous archeological findings, including coins, in such settlements as Navidah, Kekreli, Amul etc. testified this fact. In XIIth - the beginning of XIIIth centuries the area of Amul continued to gravitate in the ethno-cultural aspect to the Bukhara oasis, however politically it was a part of Khoresm. This fact was proved by finds in Kyz-kala, Amul, Halachzhi-kala. It was archaeologically proved that life in the Lebap oases after the Mongolian conquest temporarily came to a standstill. At the beginning of XVIth century Amul was known by the name of Chardzhuj and kept importance as the major river crossing through Amu Darya on the route Merv-Bukhara. From the XVIth century up to the XIXth century Turkmans-ersars were settled and built their fortresses in the Lebap region.