AN IMPACT OF PREDECESSORS AND FERTILIZERS ON PEA YIELD AND ITS ECONOMICAL EFFICIENCY IN THE CONDITIONS OF FOREST-STEPPE OF THE VOLGA REGION
The article presents the results of field experiments on impact of predecessors and fertilizers on yield and economical efficiency of pea. The research was carried out in complex stationary experiments on the basis of the Federal State Scientific Institution “Ulyanovsk Research Institute of Agriculture” in the fields of Agriculture Department in 2015-2016. Soil of the experimental plot is leached medium heavy medium loamy black soil (Chernozem). An Ulyanovsk variety of pea, predecessors of which were barley and spring wheat, was used in the experiment. Mineral fertilizers were used in a form of compound complex fertilizer azofoska containing N16P16K16 and azote one - an ammonium nitrate N34. An impact of predecessors and fertilizers on basic agro-physical factors of soil fertility, weed infestation, yield and quality of pea grain was shown. Pea cultivation methods providing usage of a district-determined variety and domestic agricultural machinery was economically evaluated. There were revealed the most optimal predecessors of pea for improving stages of crop rotation and obtaining the optimal crop sowing structure for farms of various destinations, these permitted to increase yield of all the products by 20 - 22 %. Economic efficiency of pea cultivation showed that the cost of production increased by 19.4 % with fertilizers application, decreasing prime cost of grain by 0.8 - 3.7 %. The highest level of profitability of pea grain production was obtained on fertilized background - 65.0 - 66.0 %.