The composition of the grind material in the stone tools of Gonur-Depe (South-eastern Karakum)
The paper describes the relics of mineral and metal inclusions found on the working surface of ancient stone tools of Gonur-depe. The types of raw materials used for the production of mineral paints (gypsum, calcite, meerkat, hematite, stibnite, bismuthin) and bronze-casting production (cassiterite, fluorite) are identified. All the coloring raw materials and ores were imported from other regions and processed directly at this archaeological site. The composition of ancient alloys (metallic copper, tin bronze, nickel silver) treated with stone abrasives has been examined.