Ecological principles of creation of advanced land reclamation systems
The degradation of reclaimed lands and soil degradation predetermine the necessity of the anthropogenic impact reduction which is caused as the result of irrigation within the landscapes. The paper is devoted to the environmental approaches on creation of the advanced land reclamation systems which provide target and controlled harmonization of natural processes, formed as a result of land reclamation when the aim is the balance of matters flows and energy in the reclaimed lands. In the paper there are considered the following basic principles such as transformation of natural objects, adaptation, multi-functionality, lability and closure of the rotation which will provide a significant reduction in the impact on the agricultural landscape. It is proved that at a high productivity of agricultural lands it is possible to reduce the environmental resistance of the agro landscape which requires the introduction of restrictions. Functional links between the productivity of a farmland and the environmentally friendly production potential of the reclaimed land have been determined. The principle of adaptation of the land reclamation system to natural conditions acquires a great importance: adaptation at maintaining a quasi-steady state of the natural system or its transfer to a higher energy level. The principles of multifunctionality, lability and closure of water rotation and organic substances provide both an anthropogenic impacts reduction and a substantial saving of material, water and energy resources while increasing crop yields.