CHROMATO-MASS SPECTROMETRY OF ORCHIS MACULATA ETHANOL EXTRACT (orchismaculatel, orchid family)
The authors studied the chemical composition of ethanolic extract of Orchis maculate by chromato-mass spectrometry. There were 60 identified compounds for which mass spectra and structural formulas were obtained. The quantitative content of the latter was determined. The structure and group composition of the extract was calculated. The basis of the extract consists of alcohols with the dominance of diatomic; ketones, aldehydes, esters and ethers. Steroid compounds and hydrocarbons account for 4.21 and 1.39 (wt. % of the extract), respectively; there are no glycosides and phenols. The peculiarity of the composition of the extract is the dominance in it of furan and pyran derivatives, substituted by aldehyde, ketone and alcohol groups, as well as nitrogen and sulfur-containing structures such as amines, pyrrolidines, oximes, thiols, which constitute 24.94 (wt.% from extract). Hydrocarbons are represented by: 1,3,5-Cyclohetatrien, Z,Z,Z-4,6,9-Nonadecatrienи 1-Nonadecen, the share of the second of them is 63.31, of the first - 33.09 (wt.% of the amount hydrocarbons). Among the steroid compounds prevail: y-Sitosterol (40.38); Clorest-5-en-3-ol (3.p)-carbonochloridat (10.90); Coumarin (10.50) и Lupeol, trifluroacetat (6.65) (wt. % of the amount of steroids). The total content of carboxylic acids is 17, B1 (wt.% of extract) and prevail: 9,12-Octadecanoicacid (Z,Z)-55.05 и н-Hexadecanoicacid-31,93 (wt.% of the amount of acids). Ketones are derivatives of cyclopentane, furan, and pyran; among aldehydes, the maximum content is: 5-Hydroxymethylfufural (91.45% by weight of the amount of aldehydes); for ethers, the predominance of ethers is noted: But-1-ene-3-yne-1-ethox)m 2,7-Octadien, 1-butoxy. Analysis of the structural-group composition of ethanol extract, taking into account the high content of furan and pyran structures in it, replaced by aldehyde, ketone, lactone and alcohol functional groups; nitrogen-containing components such as amines, thiols, oximes, pyrrolidines, alcohols with the dominance of diatomic, steroid compounds suggest that they determine the pharmacological action of Orchis maculate.