FROM SCIENCE CITY TO TECHNOPOLIS: HISTORY OF TRANSFORMATION
The relevance of the article is due to the need to find the optimal model of the domestic technopolis and maximize the efforts of the scientific community to study and discuss the most successful options for implementing these models. The aim of the article was an attempt to expound and analyze the domestic experience in implementing the program for the development of science cities and giving them the features inherent in Western technopolises. The subject of the work was fixing the main points in the process of transformation of science cities. The authors consider the emergence of the term "science city", a change in approaches to the study of Russian cities of science and a modern official interpretation of this phenomenon. The article fixes the place and role of the science city at various stages of the existence of Soviet science. It is proposed to classify domestic cities of science by profile, size and specialization. The authors, considering the profiles of science cities with official status, highlight a clearly defined educational component that is part of their structure. The causes of the systemic crisis of the model of the Soviet science city and the search for ways out of it in the late 80s - early 90s are described. The choice of the model of the western technopolis for the domestic science city is substantiated. The article discusses the complex process of transition of post-Soviet science cities as territorial centers of a research profile focused on the military-industrial complex to a new format of existence, through the introduction of innovative technology park forms in this structure. As a result of the analysis, the authors described the most significant domestic science cities. Particular attention is paid to the features of the emergence and promising directions of the development of technopark structures in Russia. The research results can be applied to actualize the process of introducing the results of scientific developments into industrial production within the framework of a modern science city.