Improvement of Clonal Micropropagation Technology of Valuable Fruit and Berry Crops Varieties for Commercial Conditions
The authors optimized in vitro cultivation methods of promising fruit and berry crops for their using under the commercial cultivation conditions. The investigations were carried out on promising fruit and berry varieties of genera Lonicera, Aronia, Cerasus, Rubus, Sorbus, Grossularia, Actinidia, Vaccinium in 2012-2018. Sections of meristem of apical and lateral buds and shoot apexes were used as initial explants. Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) with 6-BAP (0.3-0.5 mg/L) was used at the stage of initiation. At the proliferation stage, we used modified MS and Quirin and Lepoivre (QL) media with the addition of sucrose or glucose (30 g/L), 6-BAP (0.2-2.0 mg/L) and IAA (0.01-0.10mg/L). Shoots of Ericaceae family were cultivated on Anderson medium with the addition of IAA and 2iP in the ratio of1:5 and 4:15. At the rooting stage, we used 1/2 MS with IAA and IBA (0.5-1.5 mg/L). The replication was three-fold, no less than 30 explants were examined in each replication. Genetic characteristics exert the determining influence on the realization of plant morphogenetic potential in comparison with the influence of growth regulators (for example, in Actinidia kolomikta the values were 49% and 24% respectively). Most explants developed better on the mineral basis of the QL medium than on MS one. Thus, the growth coefficient of honeysuckle ‘Princess Diana’ increased from 35.7 to 48.5. Most objects showed the increase in the proliferation coefficient when glucose was used as the source of carbohydrate nutrition and cytokinins and auxins were used simultaneously as growth regulators. In this case, the propagation coefficient of genus Lonicera increased from 3.1 to 37.8. The optimal substrate for plant adaptation to ex situ conditions was Sphagnum. Microplants were characterized by high rates of growth and development, had a higher altitude (up to 10%), compared with regenerants, implanted in vitro.