FROM THE HISTORY OF SOVIET LITERARY CRITICISM IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE ХХ CENTURY: THE PROBLEMS OF A LITERARY ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY
The literary criticism of the Soviet period, besides the official direction, has many others. It observes different views on the methodology and methods of scientific analysis. Dogmatic literary criticism primarily finds a reflection of reality in a literary text; therefore, it studies its content and often ignores peculiarities of the artistic form. Representatives of structuralism, on the contrary, are interested in the poetics of a literary work, viewing it through the prism of a structural model. This article discusses A.V. Makedonov as a supporter of traditional approaches in the scientific research. German classical philosophy and V.G. Belinsky’s criticism form the base of its aesthetic and methodological views. Despite this fact, A.V. Makedonov is actively interested in the directions of modern philology, especially in the field of a lyrical text studying. Analyzing Soviet literary criticism, he has cjme to the conclusion that it represents unity of diversity. Re-searchers study literary text in various ways, but they have general methodological principles in their works. Entering into polemics with scientists and critics relied on different directions; A.V. Makedonov has defended principles of a holistic and comprehensive analysis of the work in a literary and socio-historical context. In the structuralism method, he sees a danger of schematic conclusions. At the same time, he recognizes the importance of their work, admits an isolated study of the semantics at different levels of the artistic text structure as one of the stages in the holistic analysis.