DIAGNOSTICS OF mild Craniocerebral Injury BASing ON OPHTHALMological AND SEROLOGICAL STUDIES
Objective of the study: prevention of optic nerve atrophy by studying eye pathology in the acute period of mild traumatic brain injury, by developing and justifying pathogenetic treatment. Material and research methods. The work is based on the analysis of data from a study of 110 patients of the neurosurgery department of the Osh city clinical hospital. There were 78 men (71.0%), women - 32 (29.0%). The age of the victims varied from 17 to 82 years. Patients with mild traumatic brain injury were examined, among them 72 (65.5%) patients with cerebral concussion and 38 (34.5%) patients with mild brain contusion. Determination of S-100B protein level in blood serum performed in 62 patients. The level of S-100Β protein in the blood serum was determined upon admission of the patient to the emergency department, then again after 24 and 48 hours by the method of electro-chemiluminescence analysis. Results: In patients with isolated trauma, 94.3% (66 eyes) of cases showed complete visual acuity. Vision at the level of 0.5-0.6 was noted in 2 (5.7%) cases. The initial level of S-100Β protein in blood serum in patients with concussion averaged 0.27 μg/L (from 0.032 to 1.32 μg/L). In the first 6 hours after the injury, an increase in the S-100Β level above normal values (more than 0.105 μg/L) was noted in 67 victims (58.8%). There was a tendency to a gradual decrease in the level of S-100Β in the blood serum 24 and 48 hours after the injury. Conclusion: Trauma leads to long-term impairment of cerebral, ocular microcirculation and neurophysiological processes in the visual analyzer and cerebral cortex. Assessment of the concentration of protein S-100B in the blood serum in mild traumatic brain injury can be an additional diagnostic criterion in the differential diagnosis between the diagnoses of concussion and contusion of the brain.