TOROPETSKY UEZD IN THE MIDDLE AGES IN RUSSIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY: FACTORS OF FORMATION OF TERRITORIAL-ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION AND SETTLEMENT
The article is devoted to the characteristic of the formation of the territorial-administrative structure of the territory of Toropetsky uezd in Russian historiography. Much attention is given to the development of Toropets as a part of Lithuania, it was continuing to develop the taxing, political and working tendencies of ancient Russia. Among the factors that have influenced on the formation of the territorial-administrative division and settlement structure, there are the boundary position of Toropets, its status as a Grand Duke's settlement, direct tax collection and at the same time the preservation of relative independence, which caused controversy in Russian historiography. In historiography there is also the engagement of people in forest bee-keeping that have influenced on the formation of special territories - perevaras - in Toropetsky uezd. The specific organization of the settlement structure in the form of settlement nests is also revealed.