Emperor Nicholas I: medical aspects of biography (The 220<sup>th</sup> Anniversary of the birth)
This article gives the description of the state of health of Russian Emperor Nicholas I in different years of life. The authors emphasize a high level of health indicators supporting his intensive state activity. The article consists a critical analysis of different versions of Nicolas I death which were suggested by historians, memorialists and researchers of non-medical professions. Great part of the aforementioned authors supposes that the Emperor death happened because of suicide (poisoning). According to the strict medicine criteria the authors of the article, based on previously unpublished medical documents from funds of the Russian State Historical Archive (RSHA), express well-reasoned position on the death of Nicholas I of metagrippal pneumonia. For the first time in the scientific literature this article uses the texts translated by the authors from old German language and shows the detailed analysis of examination protocols and materials of the embalming of the body of the Emperor.