Formation and development of research in computer science in Tomsk scientific-educational complex in 1950s-1960s
The author analyzes the process of formation and development of research in the field of cybernetics. The period of 1950s-1960s became a flourishing era of computer technology and highest achievements in the scientific field of cybernetics in the USSR. A center of formation and development of research in the field of cybernetics in the 1950s in the east of the USSR became Siberian Physical-Technical Institute (SPhTI) at Tomsk State University (TSU). In the early 1950s at the Department of Radiophysics of TSU Associate Professors F.P. Tarasenko and G.A. Medvedev, senior researchers A.D. Zakrevsky and V.P. Tarasenko organized a group of young teachers and students of TSU and SPhTI. They decided to start the implementation of a major government theme, to develop applied questions of information theory and the development of electronic computers. In 1956, research on cybernetics and information theory (P.P. Biryulin, A.D. Zakrevsky, G.A. Medvedev, A.A. Utkin, V.P. and F.P. Tarasenko) and the quantum theory of solids (E.I. Cheglokov, V.A. Chaldyshev) began in SPhTI. In 1958 research on automatic programming and logic synthesis of discrete devices (A.D. Zakrevsky), automatic control (P.P. Biryulin, G.A. Medvedev, V.P. Tarasenko) began. Later that year at SPhTI Siberia's first computer "Ural-1" was set marking the beginning of scientific school in the field of computer science. In 1950s Tomsk Polytechnic Institute (TPI) had researches in the field of automation of particle accelerators, mathematical modeling and the use of computer technology, automation and optimization of systems organizational management of the university. In a short time the intense pace of research in the field of cybernetics turned Tomsk research and education center in the research center of research in this area of the country. In 1964, by the initiative of A.D. Zakrevsky I All-Union Colloquium on Language of Finite Automata was held. Research in the field of cybernetics had important theoretical and practical significance. The studies developed into large schools of thought conducting research in the most promising areas of cybernetics. Thus, employees of SPhTI under A.D. Zakrevsky developed logical language of discrete automata synthesis algorithms representation (LYAPAS) and its more sophisticated systems, as well as a number of automatic synthesis systems of digital machines for design and research organizations in the country. On the basis of LYAPAS-71 a programming system for computers of the second generation was created, which anticipated a lot of ideas that were implemented abroad only in machines of the third generation. Designed and launched in 1965 by TPI employees electron synchrotron "Sirius" was the most powerful in the country and one of the largest in the world. Basic research on physics of acceleration of charged particles, nuclear physics and elementary particle physics, solid state physics were conducted on it.