Geobotanical characteristic of soils of technogenic landscapes of East Beisk coal deposit
There are cases of adverse environmental and economic effects after the formation of soils of technogenic landscapes. In this context the study of processes occurring in the soil of technogenic landscapes in the course of all the cycles of their creation and development, as well as their geobotanical description is a very important technologically and ecologically justified task. In Khakassia there are four fields of Minusinsk coalfield (Beisk, Chernogorsk, Izykh, Askiz) with 5.3 billion tons of coal in it, of which 3.6 billion tons are suitable for open-pit mining. In this regard, the development of the national program of integrated development of coal resources, as well as exploring the issues of production, coal processing and the impact of coal mining on the environment, is topical. Coal enterprise Vostochno-Beisky Strip-Mine, LLC extracts coal at Beisk field of Minusinsk coalfield. In the process of work the method of random samples and route method were used to carry out geobotanical researches of soil of technogenic landscapes. Chemical characteristics of soils of technogenic landscapes was carried out according to generally accepted methods. In the course of geobotanical survey, it was found that close to the source of pollution (50150 m) synanthropic plants grow(green amaranth), farther from the source typical representatives of the herb-grass meadow steppe (couch grass, white sweet clover) dominate. The species composition at all sites has no significant differences. The dominant species within 50 m from the pollution source are green amaranth and creeping thistle, within 150 m - silky wormwood and Siberian snow grass; within 300 m - woods draba, within. 500 m sweet clover grows at all sites except the South-West, South-East and East directions. In all areas of study, the mean total density of coverage at sites within 50 m of sanitary protection zone ranges from 40 to 50%, within 150 m - from 45 to 60%, within 300 m - from 55 to 75%, within 500 m - from 60 to 90%. The minimum 40% value of the total projective cover is within 50 m to the north and north-east, and the maximum 90% - within 500 m to the north. North-eastern and southern areas have relatively low rates of projective cover. The highest values of total projective cover was observed at the sites of the northern direction. Abundance of species in all directions uniformly increases depending on the remoteness of the source of pollution. The vital condition of plants at sites in 50-150 m from the sanitary protection zone in all directions is depressed, characterized by uncharacteristic low height, darkening, yellowing of the leaf blades, in 300-500 m plants have a healthier look. Disposal ares of overburden are most favorable for the formation of vegetation. They consist of clays mixed with soil and have optimum hydration. Disposal areas are characterized by uniform pH, for overburden close to 6-7, for substrate of percarbonic layers close to 3-4.