RUSSIAN STUDY OF APHORISMS ITS COMMUNICATIVE AND PRAGMATIC FUNCTIONS
The article deals with pragmatics of aphorisms throughout the development of Russian literature. Aphorisms preserve collective experience of mankind and individual peoples; they reflect historical development of society through understanding of the outstanding people’s reality peculiar to the epoch, thus aphorisms help an individual to enrich their vocabulary. Sayings have great communicative and pragmatic potential, thay have a certain pragmatic function in a specific communicative situation. For centuries the study of aphorisms has not change its pragmatic goals and objectives, it is used to confirm people’s own thoughts and individuals’ observations and to emphasize originality of judgments, fundamentally different from the generally accepted truths. The use of sayings testifies to the communicants’ high cultural level. In the case when in the process of speech the addresser and the addressee know who exactly belongs to this or that aphorism, it indicates their communicative community, an equal level of intelligence. The interlocutors’ pragmatic purposes will be achieved. The pragmatics of using aphorisms involves achieving a certain purpose and obtaining the desired result of communication. It can be stated that the sayings in the process of speech are used as an element of persuasion, a kind of generalizing interpretation of collective experience. Speaking about the pragmatics of aphorisms use in speech, it should be noted that the sayings of any period of Russian literature development are a part of the information flow. In the study of aphorisms objective facts and scientific truths are not reported. However, this study interprets worldview attitudes and moral guidelines specific to people of a certain historical era. Communicative and pragmatic functions of aphorisms throughout the period of development of literature are associated with information, affective and evaluative, recreational and persuasive communication.