THE CONCEPT AND THE AREA OF DISTRIBUTION OF "FAKE NEWS" IN DIFFERENT STATES OF THE WORLD AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
The article describes the negative impact and impact of the socalled «fake» (i.e., «unreliable», «fake», «distorted», «fake», «fraudulent», «false», «fictitious», etc.)»news»on almost all aspects of the life of each individual person, society, state. Many states of the world took the information problems generated by the «fake news» quite seriously and focused their efforts mainly on improving their legal regulation and strengthening their opposition at legislative levels. Definitions of the concept of «fake» (specially created news, event or journalistic material based on false (false) or distorted (falsified) information aimed at negating the reputation (and other personality categories) of a particular person or group of people in the eyes of a mass audience are given - subjects of its consumption; a journalistic message that is reflected in the media, based on which is unreliable and unverified information, which directly contradicts the real facts and empirical reality; intenational distortion of reality or the construction of invalidity), as well as «fake news» (a message stylistically created as real news, but false (false) in whole or in a certain part of it; fabricated news materials in which it’s easy to find and refute the lie, which has the ability to inspire the mass audience of the fact of its reliability; news reports, which are based on intentional (special) distortion of real acts aimed at gaining profit in its tangible and intangible form; in whole or in a certain part, fictitious (fake, fictitious) information about specific individuals, social phenomena, social events, which is published in the media and claims to be reliable and verified journalistic materials. An author’s definition of «fake news» is proposed: this is information clothed in the form of news, messages or material that does not correspond to reality (real facts), formulated (constructed) in an intentional manner with the aim of introducing falsified, false information about individuals into the minds of a mass audience, events, phenomena, etc. The article also formulates conclusions arising from the practical experience of various countries of the world that Russia needs to take into account in ful-scale counteractions and «fake news» and the various actions taken with them.