HISTORICAL ASPECTS AND MODERN APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF BRAIN MECHANISMS OF DISORDERS OF SPEECH DEVELOPMENT UNDER ALALIA
This article reviews currently known aspects of the development of approaches and methods to the study of disorders of speech development under different types of alalia in Russia and abroad. Differences in approaches to the description of disorders of speech developmental in foreign and domestic psychology are considered. Various approaches to the classification of types of children’s alalia used in practice are described. The existing data on the leading role of inherited, somatic, prenatal and other factors causing children’s alalia are considered. The researchers emphasize that in the child’s anamnesis with alalia it is possible to single out, as a rule, not one but a whole range of pathological factors. At the differential diagnosis the exposure time of any bad actor matters. In the case of exposure during prenatal or early postnatal period when the cortex is still in its formative stage, it is difficult to accurately determine the presence of a local defect, because lesion has more often common, diffuse character. It emphasizes the need of differential diagnosis of alalia from other similar conditions (autism, mental retardation, communication disorders and other). The existing research works on the process of formation of children’s speech with different types of alalia, as well as the existing at the moment directions of rehabilitation of children with alalia are considered. Specialists engaged in research and development programs for the rehabilitation of children with alalia indicate the need for a comprehensive corrective work with the inclusion of several specialists, emphasizing the need for individual work to overcome existing speech disorders.