STRUCTURAL LEVELS OF THE ORGANIZATION IN TERMS OF THE MICROCOSM OF MODERN PHYSICS
The article considers the basic structural levels of organization of matter in the context of modern physics of the microworld. It is proved that in the study of the microworld physics historically came from molecules to atoms, from atoms to nuclei and then to elementary particles, then the vacuum. Before 1932 only three elementary» particles were known – electrons, protons and photons. Some of these particles are no less elementary (but not greater) than the electron or proton. Others (e.g., hyperons and particle resonances) are seemed to be excited states of the lighter particles. Most particles are unstable, they turn to each other and are surrounded by «clouds» of virtual particles. It’s found out that the concepts of simplicity or complexity of the particles become very elementary and complex. Particles have mass, spin, charge, lifetime, and a number of other variables and quantum numbers. Moreover, the number of particles has a very diverse set of characteristics. Physics of XX and XXI centuries, going deeper into the structure of matter, came first to the level of the atom, and then – the atomic nucleus, and finally to the level of elementary particles. However, the concept «elementary» is relative. As Fermi said, « it is possible that it reflects the level of our understanding». It is assumed that there is a special form of the field – the Higgs field, the carrier of which is the Higgs boson. Higgs bosons are a special form of matter, so it is necessary to find out whether they really exist, in order to understand the mechanism of the appearance of the particle masses, as well as for understanding the nature of the physical vacuum. The scientific results obtained in recent years show that the existing knowledge of the fundamental particles and their interactions is not enough to describe the observable world.