Change in water consumption in spring crops under the influence of food and biopreparation Escort-bio
This article is devoted to the study of water consumption of spring wheat and triticale on the southern chernozem soil in the rainfed conditions of the south of Ukraine under the influence of nutrient status and biopreparation Escort-bio. The research was conducted with spring wheat of Elegia Myronivska cultivar and spring triticale of Solovei Kharkiv cultivar during 2014-2016 in the educational and scientific-practical center of Nikolaev NAU. It is shown that total water consumption of spring cereal crops in a meter soil layer varied from 2034 to 3249 m3/ ha during the years of research. The maximum reserves of productive moisture in the soil layer 0-100 cm were observed in 2016, the minimum reserves were in 2014. The highest amount of precipitation in the vegetation period was observed in 2015, the smallest one was in 2014. On the average, during three years of research on the production of 1 ton of grain of spring wheat plants without fertilizer treatment 1,450-1577 m3 of water were used, spring triticale plants - 1252-1340 m3. The minimum coefficient of water consumption was provided by variant N30Р30 before sowing and fertilizing with ammonium nitrate in a dose of N30 in the phase of plant booting stage - 751-813 m3/t for spring wheat and 737-796 m3/t for spring triticale. Preplanting cultivation of seeds with the biopreparation Escort-bio made positive impact on water consumption by spring crops, the plants more effectively used soil moisture throughout the years of research. Coefficient of water consumption by spring wheat due to the use of biopreparation an average of three years on decreased by 7.5-8.1%, spring triticale decreased by 6.6-7.5%. It is shown that there is a very strong inverse relationship between the coefficient of water consumption and the yield of grain of spring wheat and triticale.