Differentiation of Factual and Fictional Genres of Autobiographical Literature of the end of the XX - the beginning of the 21st century
The article is devoted to a solution of the problem on the ratio of factual and fictional genres of autobiographical literature, the concept of autofiction, discussions about which began in the French literary criticism forty years ago is analyzed in detail and proceeded within more than 30 years. The concept of autofiction is put forward in 1977 by S. Dubrovsky as determination of the genre status of his novel «Fils» («Son»): «the narration which characteristics correspond to characteristics of the autobiography, but which proclaims the identity with the novel, recognizing that it includes real elements in combination with imaginary, fictional, combines signs of autobiographical obligation and pure novelistic strategy». In the article problems which the French researchers of autofiction tried to solve are considered: the ratio of the truth and fiction in autobiographies, identification of paradoxical and contradictory nature of the concept «autobiographical pact», emergence of the term autofiction is proved as extremely natural for the French theory of literature as it terminologically enshrined the existing literary trends. In the article two concepts of autofiction are considered: a stylistic approach of S. Dubrovsky ( autobiography metamorphosis in autofiction as a change of a language type, fictionalization of the process of writing, more precisely, consideration of the autobiography first of all as a language phenomenon, as language adventures, record unconscious, promoting original self-identification) and a reference approach of V. Kolonn postulating the process of transformation in respect of change of the ratio of text and extratext reality when the contents, memoirs and also equivalence of the author - the story-teller - the character is exposed to a fictionalization. These types of autofiction are considered on the example of various French literature works (M. Proust, P. Loti, P. Modiano, A. Rob-Griye, N. Sarrot, Zh. Pereka and др). Autofiction is positioned as a special genre, more precisely, the mode of writing existing in the field of interference of memoirs and autobiographical and actually novelistic, fictional genre systems.