Calculation of parameters and operating modes of the soybean straw chopper
Studies show that there is no single universal technology for harvesting the entire biological soybean crop. The development and research of choppers, the improvement of soybean harvesting technology with the collection of fodder, straw chopping and spreading is a very urgent task in the mechanization of harvesting processes of domestic soybean production. In order to calculate the optimal parameters and operating modes of the working body for soybean stalk chopping, a new scheme of a two-flow rotary chopper is proposed. The working body divides the straw, coming from the combine straw walker into two parts, moves it with an auger with a left and right spiral winding to the sidewalls of the combine, chops it in a chopping device and spreads the chopped straw over the sidewalls of the combine. When harvesting soybean with a conventional grain harvester (with a throughput of at least 7 kg/s, equipped with a floor collector), with two-flow straw chopping, the rational parameters of the chopping drum are 1 580 rpm, a working diameter of more than 450 mm and 6 chopping knives on each side. The calculated value of the cutting force of one plant was 60 N. The total drive power, depending on the plant density for harvesting, is 13.2-17.5 kW (17.9-23.8 hp). The high-quality operation of threshing and rotary straw chopping devices is provided at the optimal combine speed of 2.0-2.5 m/s, the harvester width of the conditional combine grain harvester of 7 m, and the number of plants supplied for threshing of 875-1330 pcs./s (respectively, 437-665 pcs./s for each shredder). The results of the research were used in the implementation of the scientific theme of a soybean harvester creating for harvesting grain and soybeans with the possibility of obtaining high-quality seeds, harvesting, chopping and spreading straw on the left and right behind the sidewalls of the combine.