LOSS OF HYDROCARBONS DURING DISCHARGE, FILLING UP AND FUNCTIONING OF THE SET TANK
Effective functioning of transport and passenger sea and river vessels depends on trouble-free operation of coastal oil depots and storage points. Much attention on oil depots is paid to operation of the tanks, the filling up of which is accompanied with the greatlosses.The model of the operating process in the tank, demonstrating the dependence between hydrocarbon losses and such parameters as speed of change of the phases, liquid and gas working environments and the system of the working environment is presented. The model of losses is designed on the basis of the equations of state, storage and continuity for heterogeneous operating environments of the open system at the set temperature and pressure. The parameters typical for different stages of the process of exploitation of the tank: mass of the operating environment; volumes of contraction and expansion; duration of filling up, discharge and functioning of the tank; speed of the environment changes, expanses of liquid and gas phases and gas losses are analyzed. It is found that alongside with the increase in gas space, specific volume of gas phase and speed of change of liquid and gas phases, losses of gas (vapor)increase as well. The mechanism of losses of gas (vapor) from the connected tank speaks is described and it is compared with the losses from the tank filled up with the working environment for storage.