FROM KNOWLEDGE TO ABILITY AND SKILL: TECHNOLOGICAL FILLING OF THE DIDACTIC CHAIN FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF COGNITIVE DIDACTICS
The article presents a didactic analysis of the process of forming the students' skills. The purpose of the study is to develop a mechanism for the formation of skills and to carry out the technological content of the didactic chain "knowledge → ability and skill". The concept of "ability" is considered from three positions: from the position of performing purposeful actions, as a set of techniques, as a property of a person's personality. The general features of the concept of "skill" are singled out, such as: an action as a result of its repeated performance; the automated nature of this action; interrelation of skill о ability as an automated link of this activity; high degree of development. As a result, it is determined that ability is when a person can effectively perform certain activities based on existing knowledge in new conditions, and skill is the ability to perform any actions automatically, without element-by-element control, i.e. it can be interpreted as an automated ability, when the correct execution of actions occurs without self-control. Two ways of forming skills are substantiated: spontaneous and systematically controlled. The conscious process of the formation of skills in students in the process of a systematically controlled path of their formation presupposes the emergence of a flexible skill as a result of its multiple conscious performance of an action at the first stages, i.e. a skill is characterized by a high degree of mastery of knowledge. As a result of the analysis of pedagogical theory and educational practice, the technological content of the didactic chain "knowledge → abilities and skills" was graphically presented, when in the process of systematically controlled formation of skills, students achieve reasonableness and consciousness of actions, which ensures the generalization of actions, their lability and flexibility, as well as considerable breadth of skill transfer.