Ефективність препарату Феролайф за гіпопластичної анемії поросят і телят
The article presents the results of research of influence domestic preparation Ferolife on the performance of hematopoiesis in calves and pigs. The drug stimulates the synthesis of hemoglobin and red blood cells production, increases the amount of iron in the blood serum albumin does not inhibit the function of synthesizing hepatocytes. It is known that anemia is a pathological condition of the body resulting from a decrease in hemoglobin and number of erythrocytes, or one of them in the unit of blood volume, which causes the development of hypoxia and changes in the functions of the blood. There are three kinds of anemis according to its pathogenesis: posthemorrhagic, hemolytic and hypoplastic. The last one is very common among young farm animals, especially one caused by alimentary deficiency. Analysis of recent research and publications shows that the treatment of the disease is mainly based on the use of products of iron or cobalt by its easiest way - orally. However, this method is not always effective and so scientists have proposed wherein divalent iron dextrin molecule. The best foreign and domestic drugs based on them is considered impozyl-200 imferon, miofer, ursoferon, ferodex, dextrofor 100, brovaferan, ferohlyukin-75. Given that dextrin preparations containing only iron assimilation which after injection is 60-70 %, and polyetiologic hypoplastic anemia, we consider the possibility to apply them in combination with other trace elements and vitamins. It is known that the easiest effective treatment of anemia in calves during the neonate period with ferodextrans, but this is not a physiological way of iron supply in the body of animals. Ferodextranes are used in large doses that are not always safe, because iron has prooxidative properties, can block cell mononuclear phagocytic system. Yet, to this day ferodextrans preparations are widely used in practice veterinary medicine. That is why the main purpose of research was to examine the effectiveness of the new ferodextran drug Ferolife for treating calves and pigs with hypoplastic anemia (producer PP OLKAR - AgroZooVet Service (Ukraine)). Materials and methods of research. The study was conducted on 10 pigs with the control group of 5 piglets. As Ferolife was investigated for the first time, the drug used for comparison was Ferribion produced by Bioveta (Czech Republic). These drugs were administered intramuscularly in the thigh area, twice, at 3-4 days of life and after 7 days at a dose of 1,5 ml (150 mg of iron per injection). Blood samples were investigated in 7 days after the second injection. Calves aged 5-10 days were administered with Ferolife at a dose of 4,5 mL per injection (10-12 mg of iron per 1 kg of body weight). The injection was repeated in 7 days. The blood of calves was studied twice: before drug administration and in 7 days after the second injection. Results and discussion. In the blood of 3-4-day-old piglets hemoglobin content was in the range of 75,6 to 94,8 g / L, the number of red blood cells - 4,3-4,9 T / L. The saturation of erythrocytes with hemoglobin was 16,4-22,0 pg, that is correspondent with normochromic anemia, with their capacity is considered as normo- and macrocytic (MCV - 58,3-65,1 mkm<sup>3</sup>). Within 14-15 days hematopoiesis performance in pigs in the control group were characteristic to hypochromic anemia: hemoglobin decreased by 21,6 % (p<0.05), saturation of red blood cells was 14,0-15,6 pg (14,8±0.45, p <0,05). Hematocrit value and the average volume of red blood cells had a strong trend (p<0,1) to incline. Low hemoglobin content in pigs was because of little iron in colostrum and milk of sows (pigs receiving daily 1 mg 7-10 mg if necessary, and its lack of assimilation of fodder, as in the stomach of piglets to the 25-28-day age no free chloride acid). In addition, the life expectancy of red blood cells in the bloodstream of pigs is about 65 days, about half that in cattle, requiring increased intensity of erythropoiesis. After the experiment, the hemoglobin content in both experimental groups was within normal limits in all pigs. Its limits in the first group were within 104-138, the second - 99-139 g / l, and the average was 1.9 times greater than in control. Saturation of hemoglobin rose to 19,7±0,57 pg in the first and 19,2±0,55 pg -in a control group, which contributed to more intensive transport of oxygen to various organs and tissues and their proper functioning. In particular in pigs there were increases in activity of proteolytic enzymes of the stomach and pancreas that improved digestion and increased growth rate. Since in the research groups of piglets there were increases in the number of red blood cells, hematocrit value and then increases to 37,0±1,35 and 37,7±1,5 % in the first and second groups (11,6 and 12,3% respectively). The latter figure depends not only on the number of red blood cells, but also on their average volume, which in piglets of both groups was almost identical and amounted to 58,7±1,26 and 58,9±0,57 mkm<sup>3</sup>. Thus, the drug Ferolife used twice in piglets 3-4- and 10-12-days of age at a dose of 1,5 ml (150 mg of iron per injection) is effective for the treatment and prevention of iron deficiency anemia and its effect is not inferior to the use of Ferribion ​​produced by Bioveta (Czech Republic). According to clinical studies in calves, in three of them were found changes characteristic to anemia, a decrease in hemoglobin (74,5-84,0 g / l), olihocytemiya (erythrocytes 4,4-5,6 T / L). Normocytic and normochromic anemia wit lLow hematocrit value. After double administration of Ferolife hemoglobin increased by 20,8% (p <0.001), the number of erythrocytes increased to 6,7±0,23 T / L (p<0,01). Hematocrit value growthed to 37,2±0,65 % (+8,6 %; p<0,001) due to increase in the number of red blood cells, as their average volume remained stable. The content of iron with the administration of Ferolife ranged from 52,6 to 83,9 mg / 100 ml (72,9±5,92), after treatment it increased by 23,5 % (90,0±1,80 mg / 100 ml, p<0,05), and the level of copper, by contrast, tended to decrease (p<0,05) and averaged 73,0±3,35 mg / 100 ml. Average figures of total protein, albumin and total calcium had no significant alteration in comparison with the starting data. Conclusions. 1. The two-week old piglets with intensive alimentary deficiency anemia is characterized by a decrease in hemoglobin and number of red blood cells. Anemia hemoglobin saturation is hypochromic erythrocytes. 2. The two-time Ferolife injection to pigs of 3-4- and 10-12-days of age at a dose of 1,5 ml (150 mg of iron per injection) is effective for the treatment and prevention of iron deficiency anemia: hemoglobin and the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin saturation was significantly (p<0,001) higher than in the control group of pigs. 3. The effect of Ferolife on erythropoiesis performance does not differ from imported preparation Ferribion.