MODERNIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION: NEW CHALLENGES TO THE COUNTRY'S ECONOMIC SECURITY
The problems associated with the modernization of higher education in Russia over the past 15 years are considered in the context of ensuring the economic security of the country. The change in goal-setting in the higher education sector which was implemented through the introduction of new projects and programs organized by the Ministry of Science and Education of the Russian Federation is analyzed. The tangible result of the reforms was significant transformation of scientific research in the country, as a result of which the higher education sector has become one of the leaders in the organization and conduct of R&D. The brief review of publications related to the analysis of approaches to assessing the effectiveness of various state programs for the modernization of higher education, as well as the overview of the methods that allow such an assessment is given. The new methodology has been proposed that allows evaluating the effectiveness of various government programs with different focus, goals and amounts of funding. This is achieved by analyzing individual indicators reduced to the dimensionless form, projection indices (groups of indicators) that characterize certain types of university activities, as well as a generalized index as a weighted average of the projection indices and the standard deviation of the totality of such indices. In addition, the parameters of the linear trend are analyzed, reflecting the dynamics of changes in individual indicators, generalized indices, as well as the average values of the corresponding parameters within the framework of the selected state program. At the same time, the slope of the linear trend also indicates the rate of increase of the effect, and the coefficient of determination indicates the tightness of the linear relationship or the level of consistency of changes. The verification of the methodology and comparative analysis of projects aimed at modernizing higher education in the country are given. The gradual transition of the graduate paradigm from the consumer to the manufacturer is shown. At the same time, threats to the economic security of the country are transformed into risks for representatives of the “consumer society”.