Control and accounting of the natural exposure doses population Russian Federation
The aim of the article is to show, on the example of the Russian Federation, the ways of organizing the recording and monitoring of objective estimates of the natural exposure doses to residents of the country. The article consists of four sections: Introduction, Materials, and Methods, Results and Discussion, Conclusion. Prior to 2000, estimates of the levels of natural exposure of the population did not reflect the real situation of exposure of the population to natural sources of radiation. With the introduction in 2001 of the system of data collection on the levels of exposure of the population due to natural sources of radiation in the framework of the Unified State System of Individual Dose Monitoring (ESKID) appeared tool for objective estimation of doses of exposure of residents of the country from natural sources of ionizing radiation. The result of the System was a unique array of data on the levels of exposure of the population of Russia's regions due to natural ionizing radiation, as well as estimation the doses of natural exposure to the population of particular regions and the country as a whole. The average individual effective annual dose due to all natural radiation sources per inhabitant of Russia is 3,34 mSv/year. The average dose of internal exposure of the population due to inhalation of radon isotopes is 1.98 mSv/year (more than 59% of the total dose). The contribution of external terrigenous irradiation (0,66 mSv/year) is less than 20% of the total dose, cosmic radiation (0,351 mSv/year) - about 10%, 40K contribution - about 5,1%. The contribution of other components (the content of natural radionuclides in food, drinking water, and atmospheric air) is less than 6% of the total dose. The received data on the doses of population exposure due to natural sources of ionizing radiation became the justification for the introduction of new hygienic standards reflecting the real values of the levels of exposure of the population to natural sources of ionizing radiation.