Subject and object of political economy and its cognitive possibilities as a science
The article reveals the role of economic science as a form of reflection the reality and as a factor of its transformanion according to the needs of society and to the possibilities of nature. Economics as a science about market economy cannot answer to these demands. That is why theoreticiens of economy must return to political economy which was substituted in Russia by economics in early ninetieths of the last century. Political economy differs from economics by its cognitive possibilities. These possibilities are determined by its subject and object. The subjec of political economy is the production relations in its interaction with productive forces and with the social superstruction. The fact that the subject of political economy gets out from the frames of economy enables this science to analyze the production relations in its different forms including social-economic, organizational-economic, institutional-economic, ecological-economic and technical-economic relations. So political economy can use many ideas of other economic sciences. The object of political economy is the economy completed by social and ecological components. Presence of these components makes the economy more stable system than without them. But capitalist society transformed this economy into market economy by removing social and ecological components. That is why the capitalist society lost stability. The evidences of this lost are economic crisises, social tention, wars for living space. So the author came to the conclusion about the necessity of transforming market economy into economy as ecologo-socio-economic system.