Modified idioms in russian everyday speech
The article describes the modified idioms encountered in everyday oral speech, organized in the corpus “One speaker's day”. In the article an idiom is understood widely and, following by the most researchers, is correlated with phraseological unit. The main features of idiomaticity of a unit are its stability, reproducibility and occurrence in the Russian speech of many speakers. A modification sign of the idiom is to be considered the recognizability by the native speakers of the Russian language as its original form, a kind of “model” of idioms: vyekhat' na belom kone instead of v'ekhat' na belom kone ; kladez' yumora instead of kladez' premudrosti and so on. All difficult and doubtful cases are requested to be checked by conducting a linguistic experiment, or polling, with the participation of philologists in the first place. In addition, the article makes an attempt to create a classification of the methods of idiomatic transformations revealed on the corpus material: replacement of the idiom component (ex., synonymous: zavershayushchii akkord instead of zaklyuchitel'nyi akkord ; grammatical: polit' vodu instead of lit' vodu etc), contamination ( ni v koei zhizni = ni v koem sluchae + ni v zhizn' ), inversion ( polit' vodu instead of lit' vodu ), syncopation ( vsegda dozhdyotsya instead of kto zhdyot, tot vsegda dozhdyotsya ) and some others. Such classification may be useful for further studying and lexicographical description of the colloquial idioms, and also for compilation of the methodological manuals for students studying Russian as a foreign language. The above classification can be supplemented and improved with the expansion of the user's subcorpus material.