Morphological features of periodontal tissues in patients with distal malocclusion
Relevance. Distal malocclusion is one of the most common forms of malocclusion and is often accompanied by the development of periodontal tissue pathology. Incorrect distribution of occlusal load contributes to gum trauma in the area of the anterior group of teeth in the lower jaw and is accompanied by the formation of gum recessions. The aim of the study was to assess the clinical and anatomical features of periodontal tissues in the area of the anterior group of teeth in the lower jaw in patients with distal malocclusion. Materials and methods. We examined 30 patients with neutral occlusion and 30 patients with distal malocclusion (K 07.20), the average age of the examined was 29,96±6,84 years. According to the cone beam computed tomography, cephalometric parameters (SNA, SNB, ANB, beta-angle, ArGoMe angle), as well as the thickness of the bone tissue in the area of the mandibular incisors and the width of the symphysis were assessed. Results. In patients of the first group, the average value of the thickness of the alveolar process was 9,39±2,12 mm, in patients of the second group - 13,51±2,31 mm. With a vertical type of growth in the second group, there was a pronounced narrowing of the alveolar process and the symphysis of the lower jaw. Conclusion. Patients with distal malocclusion have a high risk of developing gingival recessions in the region of the anterior group of teeth in the lower jaw.