PROFESSIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TEACHERS IN RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN SECOND HALF XIX CENTURY (ON THE MATERIALS OF VYATKA PROVINCE)
This article presents the professional characteristics of teachers in the Russian Empire in the second half of the nineteenth century. The author comes to the conclusion that the main indicators of teacher professionalism in the studied period was the level of education of teachers, political and moral trustworthiness and knowledge of subject and pedagogical relations. Working with archival materials, statistical information, legislative acts and data of periodicals allowed to carry out deep analysis of professional characteristics of teachers. The author examines them in the context of existing in Vyatka province types of schools with their aims of education and upbringing. The author draws attention to the fact that the reform of the education system is completely dependent on the socio-political conditions emerging in this period in the Russian Empire. Primarily, this was due to the development of the revolutionary movement and the growing dissatisfaction of population with the incomplete policy of the Russian emperors against peasants, workers, the preservation of feudal survivals and the slow pace of capitalist development. In this regard, the growth of public discontent caused a reaction from the authorities who sought to preserve intact the autocracy. A similar reaction could be carried out only in conditions of full control over teachers and the education system as a whole.