PLATO’S IDEAS AND THE IDEOLOGICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL PLATFORM OF POSTHOLISM
The article notes that in the current conditions of human civilization, a paradigmatic rethinking of one’s being is required. It is assumed that the new thinking will exclude the reductionist absolutization of the one, the whole, the many and the singular in the picture of the world and in all aspects of the life of society. The novelty of such a view is that the one appears to be initially eternally residing in each individual unit, the future part of a whole (which is temporary), which determines the specifics of the properties of all parts of the whole and itself. The main idea of the author is to position the absence of any initial separation of any objects of the world and to justify the legitimacy of the conditional allocation of discrete sets of parts of any whole and the solidity of the properties of their unity, integrity and uniqueness. The origins of such thinking and the possibility of its change are seen in the work of Plato. It is indicated that for the first time he thoroughly rationalized the essence of the concepts of the one, the whole, the part and the logical transitions between them. Based on these concepts of Plato, especially on his ideas about the unified whole, it is proposed to form a new worldview in which the author’s interpretation of the category of “one whole” is fundamental, excluding any reduction in the correlation of the one, the whole and the parts allocated in relation to man and the world. This category is explicated as a formative approach for the ideological and methodological platform of postholism. Postholism itself is positioned as an alternative to the ideological and methodological constructs of holism, merism and unicentrism (genology).