Term formation in the field of artificial intelligence
The author analyzes the formation of terms in the field of artificial intelligence. The article considers the way of creating specialist vocabulary - attraction. Attraction is the borrowing of terms and phrases from literary language into professional terminology. To date, the terminological field of artificial intelligence consists of 452 terms. All terms are included in the paragraphs «Terms and Definitions» of the Russian State Standards on Artificial Intelligence. Out of 452 terms, 238 are attracted terms (53 %). These are words and word combinations. In this article the author analyzes only attracted words - 92 terms (38 %). The adaptation of attracted words to perform the function of a term is carried out in the following ways: 1) regrouping of semes. The term lacks some of the semes of the literary word. However, new, peripheral semes appear. They become significant for the term. In scientific and technical sciences, semes, which reflect factors of extra-linguistic reality, are more important for the semantics of the term than conceptual semes; 2) metaphorization. For metaphorical terms the author reconstructs semantic overlap with words of literary language. AI terms receive the properties inherent in humans; 3) specification of differential features. As a result of this process, the semantics of the specialist word is enriched with new semantics. Additional specifying features appear; 4) narrowing of the meaning due to the introduction of limiting words. Limiters are markers of belonging to a particular professional field, in our case - belonging to the terminology of artificial intelligence. The interpretation of a literary word and the definition of the term in general are almost identical, but the definition of the term contains a reference to a certain terminological field; 5) cutting off the semantics of a commonly used word. A literary word has its lexical meaning cut off and a strictly scientific definition attached.