Platelet-Rich Plasma and Prospects for its Use in Otorhinolaryngology
This article provides a literature review on the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in otorhinolaryngology. The use of PRP is an urgent area in medicine, which marked the possibility of using platelet concentrate not only for transfusiological purposes, but also in reparative treatment methods. When tissue damage occurs, platelets play a huge role in the healing and regeneration of tissues due to the release of growth factors. In clinical practice, it is believed that the stimulating effect of PRP is possible with a platelet concentration in it of at least 1×106/μl, a further increase in the number of cells according to different authors does not lead to potentiation of the action of PRP. The numerous positive properties of PRP (stimulation of migration of fibroblasts and osteoblasts, acceleration of revascularization and regeneration of mesenchymal tissues, as well as reduction of bleeding and bacterial contamination) are widely used in various fields of medicine, such as dentistry, cosmetology, traumatology, etc. Publications are increasingly appearing, in which the possibility of using PRP in otorhinolaryngology is discussed. The successful use of PRP is described in reconstructive treatment of the paranasal sinuses, during surgical interventions in the nasal cavity, and is characterized by rapid healing of the nasal mucosa, restoration of mucociliary clearance, a decrease in the frequency of bleeding and the formation of crusts, and restoration of smell. The methods of using PRP to prevent bleeding and accelerate the regeneration of a postoperative wound with tonsillectomy are described. In otosurgery, PRP is used to treat «trepan cavity disease», with stapedoplasty and tympanoplasty. Currently, there are studies on the treatment of diseases of the vocal folds and «empty nose syndrome» using the PRP. Thus, the use of PRP opens up prospects for future research and may have a number of clinical applications in otorhinolaryngology.