Regularities of Formation of Evaporation from Land Surface and Water under the Climatic Changes’ Influence
The article considers the changes of evaporations from land/water surfaces over the past decades, as well as the corresponding hydro/meteorological conditions changes with the Volga basin as a study case. Within the frameworks of the said work, we have measured the evaporation changes from water surface for the 1978-2010 period in respect of the preceding 1951-1977 period. We stated the approximately 10-20% evaporation decrease on the whole Volga basin territory. At that the total evaporation from the land surface has annually averagely 2-4% increased over the period from mid-1960s to late 1980s. For disclosure of the composite regularities of formation of process of evaporation physically reasonable mathematical models of warm moisture transfer in the "soil-atmosphere-plant" and "water-the atmosphere" systems have been used. Numerical estimates of influence of all major factors of the evaporation sizes causing change, both from a land surface, and from a water surface are carried out.