Cultural creative specific character of the artistic reconstruction of a folklore text in the context of overall trends of folklorism in music art at the turn of 20TH and 21ST centuries
Background. The relevance of the chosen research topic is determined by the important cultural creative role of traditional music folklore in the performing practice and in the contemporary cultural life, as well as the significance of reconstruction of a folklore text (RFT) as a phenomenon of the modern music culture and the creative method of mastering the artistic interpretation of folklore texts in professional music art. The significance also arises from the lack of elaborated issues related to the RFT typology and the specific character of the key forms in Ukrainian music culture at the turn of 20th and 21st centuries. The paper deals with the cultural creative specific character of RFT, first of all, with the “artistic reconstruction of a folklore text” (ARFT) in the common context of folklorism development in professional music art at the turn of 20th and 21st centuries. This research is the first attempt for the artistic and cultural generalization of the term “artistic reconstruction of a folklore text” and its consistent implementation in musicology and ethnomusicology; a comprehensive analysis of the ways and methods of modern reconstruction of a folklore text in Ukrainian music culture at the turn of 20th and 21st centuries. Methods. The creator-owned research of the ARFT, presented in this paper, is based on the interaction of cultural and systematic approaches, which made it possible to review the specific character of this phenomenon in a coherent system of the modern culture and contributed to the definition of the main artistic and culturological fields, including: artistic and culturological, philosophical, semantic, cultural creative etc. The issue on the ARFT specific character is tightly linked with the issues of folklorism development in the contemporary cultural space. The vivid realization of folklorism in its two main areas such as composing and performing is present in art. Inquiring into the interaction of folklore and the author’s principles is widely considered in the modern scientific art criticism studies. The theoretical basis of research in this area is the major works which are concerned with determining folklorism processes in literature (e. g. A. Veselovskyi, M. Azadovskyi, V. Husiev) and their interaction in the following system: “folklore - composer” and “composer - folklore” in musicology (e. g. B. Asafiev, I. Zemtsovskyi, H. Holovinskyi). It is worth highlighting contemporary scientific developments on this subject, such as monographs and the thesis by the Russian musicologist L. Ivanova, the research works of the following national scholars: R. Stankovych-Spolska, O. Derevianchenko, the research papers on performing folklorism by S. Hrytsa, M. Khai, and the works of the Belarus researcher A. Gurchenko. Summarizing the findings of the modern musicological conception in this area, it should be noted that there is an accentuation impact of art folklorism on the composer's thinking, where the process of reconstructing the folklore sources by the chosen means of musical expression is the key to the implementation of innovative achievements and renewal of the figurative sphere of music. Objectives. The aims of this study are: 1) to reveal the cultural creative specific character of ARFT in the context of the overall trends of folklorism in music art at the turn of 20th and 21st centuries; 2) to highlight the historiography of the academic comprehension of folklorism as a phenomenon; 3) to determine the new types and forms of ARFT. Results. These results demonstrate convincingly that the range of the artistic realization of ARFT in the contemporary cultural space can be considered the whole art work, all genres of art that are related to the author’s interpretation of the folklore images, motives and their reinterpretation, in particular - to the realization of the author’s intention through the ethnic identification of an artistic image. The most essential type of reconstruction of a folklore text is its artistic reconstruction (ARFT). The author offers the following basic definitions of ARFT that have been seen in two cultural creative aspects: 1) ARFT is the transition of a folklore text from the context of culture into the context of art and at the same time, the final form is the result of this process. 2) ARFT is a comprehensive system of artistic embodiment of the oral folk traditions in the contemporary professional music culture. The main kinds of ARFT are the composing RFT and performing RFT. The integral part of the composition reconstruction of a folklore text (CRFT) in the contemporary art is the author’s concept, i.e. the author’s contemplation of the surrounding world and his philosophical interpretation of life through the comprehension of oral tradition, which, in turn, forms the composing technique, style and the author’s worldview. Considering the author’s concept as a hypertext, it can be defined through the features of ritualism and dramatic lines. In its turn, each of the texts can enter into the so-called “text game”, where the relationship between them can be set at the level of intertextual relations. Every text has got its own code system. The cultural code in this case can act both as a particular folklore pre-intonation (e. g. a phoneme or a lexical item) and a certain content and semantic or metro-rhythmic genre feature of musical images. The driving factors that have an impact on the character of composer’s thinking are the current artistic trends. Such factors are polystylistic trends (e. g. the stylistic strata) and bold experiments in creating the new sounds which are the timbre combinations (e. g. new computer technologies and a combination of acoustic instruments) where the most ancient intonations mixed with the advanced formation of sounds create new sound realities. Conclusions. The results have important implications for studying the issues related to the specific character of the reconstruction of folklore texts and at present time are of particular importance in the context of changing cultural creative and artistic paradigms that are common for the 20th and 21st centuries. 1. The cultural creative specific character of ARFT in the context of overall trends of folklorism in music art at the turn of 20th and 21st centuries has been revealed. 2. The historiography of the academic comprehension of folklorism as a phenomenon in the scientific studies of contemporary art criticism - L. Ivanova, R. Stankovych-Spolska, A. Gurchenko - is highlighted. 3. The main types and forms of artistic RFT, in particular - the specific character of its functioning in the contemporary cultural space of composition RFT and its forms - the author’s concept - have been been determined. 4. It is emphasized that the ARFT specific character in Ukrainian music culture at the turn of 20th and 21st centuries is based on the basic culturological fields, including: artistic and culturological, philosophical, semantic, cultural creative etc.