INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING RAPE ON THE BASIS OF OPTIMIZATION OF APPLICATION OF MACRO- AND MICROFERTILIZERS
Studies on the efficiency of use of macro- and microfertilizers for spring rape were performed in the fields of the All-Russian Rapeseed Research Institute in 2016-2018 on leached heavy-loam chernozem. The object of study was spring rape of the Reef variety with the seeding rate of 2.0 million pcs/ha; the preceding crop was winter wheat. Mineral fertilizers in the doses of (NPK)<sub>40</sub> and (NPK)<sub>80</sub> were used for basic application with moldboard plowing. Pre-sowing seed treatment was performed with the Terra Organic preparation (2.0 L/t). Foliage spraying in the phase of leaf rosette, budding and beginning of flowering was performed with complex water-soluble macro- and microfertilizers Plantofol 20-20-20 (1.0 and 2.0 kg/ha) and Terra Organic (2.0 L/ha). Foliage spraying with the Terra Organic and Plantofol preparations without the basic application of fertilizers with pre-sowing seed treatment (Terra Organic and Plantofol in the dose of 1.0 kg/ha) and without the pre-sowing seed treatment significantly increased the yield of rape by 1.3, 2.0 and 2.1 t/ha, respectively (17.0 t/ha in control). The application of basic mineral fertilizer (NPK)<sub>40</sub> increased the yield of spring rape by 2.5 c/ha (19.5 c/ha) compared to the control variant (no fertilizers applied). The application of an increased dose of (NPK)<sub>80</sub> did not provide a significant increase in seed yield. The pre-sowing seed treatment with Terra Organic on the background of (NPK)<sub>40</sub> slightly increased the yield of spring rape, but this increase was insignificant. On the background of (NRK)<sub>40</sub> and pre-sowing seed treatment (Terra Organic) the foliar spraying in the phases of leaf rosette, budding and beginning of flowering with the Terra Organic (2.0 L/ha) and Plantofol (1.0 kg/ha) preparations increased the yield of rape. However, a higher increase in seed yield was obtained with the application of the Plantofol (4.2 c/ha) macro- and microfertilizer.