THE INFLUENCE OF NANOSTRUCTURED BENTONITE ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF POTATOES
The most important problem of modern potato production is the discrepancy between the potential yield and the actual one. Therefore, the main task of the agro-industrial complex is to improve the existing technologies of potato cultivation. The most important principle of the fertilizer application system is to ensure that the planned crop yield is obtained while maintaining soil fertility and reducing the level of soil contamination. In this regard, research on the development and introduction of new forms of fertilizers from non-traditional sources of mineral raw materials is relevant. This paper presents the results of research on the use of an aqueous suspension of nanostructured bentonite with a particle size of 5,0-82,0 nm, obtained as a result of ultrasonic processing (dispersion) on the device uzv-28/200 with a power of 100 W at a frequency of 15,0 kHz (±10%) of a suspension from deionized water and mechano-activated bentonite rock of the Tarn-Varsky Deposit of the Republic of Tatarstan. The use of nanostructured bentonite on the azofoski background (80:80:90) contributed to an additional potato crop in variants with pre - sowing treatment of tubers - by 6,7%, with non-root plants on vegetation-by 3,7%. Complex processing (a combination of pre-sowing and non-root treatments) provided an increase in the yield of the studied crop - by 11,0%, compared to separate treatments, the increase was 4,0 and 7,1%, respectively. The yield of commercial tubers under the influence of nanostructured bentonite increased with preseeding treatment - by 1,5%, with non-root treatment-by 0,9%, with complex treatment - by 5,3%. Agronomic efficiency of complex processing in comparison with pre-sowing and non-root processing was higher by 3,8 and 4,4%, respectively. The increased activity of nanostructured bentonite is due to the formation of a larger specific surface of the substance and the acceleration of its interaction with the object under study.