ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ КЛАСТЕРОВ В ЖИДКОМ ВЕЩЕСТВЕ
In paper Consider the general principle of the formation of clusters. Were substantiated the boundaries of occurrence of the different aggregate states. For the water were calculated the energies of binary relations and on this basis shows how is saturate steam and superheated liquid. The clusters are formed due to the interaction of atoms or molecules with one another, when the energy of this interaction is considerably greater than the internal energy of the thermal motion. Formation of clusters leads to decrease of the concentration of free vapor molecules and thus to reduce of the pressure on the vessel wall. Therefore, at the first pressure in the compression process can be considered approximately constant, and the compression process can be regarded as isobaric. Consequently, heat dissipation in an environment where two-phase system is formed, occurs only due to isobaric compression, and reducing the concentration of free form of vapor molecules determined by creating cluster structures. In the formation of cluster structures there is exist radiant heat, which is absorbed by the walls of the vessel, and thus the pressure is absent. Supersaturated vapor occurs by increasing the gas temperature during its compression when the clusters begin to form, and superheated liquid occurs when the fully formed cluster structure grows up and the pressure is inversely proportional to the cube of the distance between the particles in the liquid state with a slight compression. The modern view of the liquid state is an intermediate state between a gas and a solid, based on the formation of cluster structures and allows clearly justify all the properties of the liquid state, and especially the cause of the superheated liquid and supersaturated vapor.