Cultural and Historical Evolution of the Turkish Language under the Influence and Borrowing of European Languages
The issue that is relevant for Turkish linguistics i.e. borrowing words from various European languages is considered, Turkish is a language belonging to the Turkic group of languages. For a long time, the Turkish alphabet consisted of letters in Arabic letters, until they were replaced by Latin ones. Currently, the national Turkish language is a synthesis of the Turkish folk language, Old Turkic language and Asian Turkic languages. The Turkish language also contains many borrowings that come from the vocabulary of other countries. It is noted that a large number of borrowings in it are from the French language, which penetrated into the vocabulary of the Turks through the inclusion of French literature in the educational program of schools. Since that time, an important criterion for human education was the ability to speak a foreign language. The growing importance of Turkey in the field of trade and shipping has led to the emergence of many marine terms borrowed from the Italian language. The Lausanne Treaty, on the basis of which there was an exchange of settlements between Turkey and Greece, is the reason for the Greek borrowings of feudal terminology and household vocabulary existing in the Turkish vocabulary. It is emphasized that the source of English borrowing is scientific and technological progress, the terminological explosion of which forced to adopt vocabulary from the English language, since the number of new names was so great that the creation of neologisms was not relevant. Currently, due to the global spread of media and the Internet, the number of borrowings in the Turkish language has increased unusually. Using linguistic and cultural procedures and taking into account the peculiarities of cultural and historical evolution, the Turkish language reveals the national identities of a nation by means of language, preserving and transmitting the value connotations of the cultural code.