Institutional basis of the banking system of Kazakhstan
Banks and banking system are one of the most important economic institutions today in any country. Banks provide quick settlements between economic agents, promote investment and savings of the population of firms and economic development in general. The economy of the country and the banking sector are closely related to each other. On the one hand, the stability of the banking sector plays a key role in ensuring the efficient allocation of financial resources and strengthening economic growth. On the other hand, the macroeconomic environment has an impact on the condition and stability of the banking sector. The banking sector to a greater extent distributes financial flows, provides liquidity of the real economy that is experiencing a shortage of cash in times of crisis. In other words, banks are represented as a kind of circulatory system of the country which you want to follow and support its smooth functioning. In the case of high vulnerability of banks in relation to macroeconomic shocks and their inability to withstand these shocks, and the consequences of the crisis for the development of the country will have a more serious impact.At the same time, determining the second level of bank system structure, it is impossible to reduce it only to commercial banks. Except banks, the bank system includes some special financial institutes which are carrying out separate bank operations, but not having the status of bank, i.e. the status of a formal institute. To carry out separate bank operations subjects receive licenses from the Central (National) bank of the country. Various sorts of the enterprises and services providing operations which banks usually do can be determined by the term «bank infrastructure»: information providing, credit bureaus, etc are elements of the bank system.