THE MORPHOGENETIC POTENTIAL OF THE DWARF LINES OF SUNFLOWER IN THE SOMATIC TISSUES CULTURE IN VITRO
Nowadays the plant tissues culture techniques in vitro are actively used in order to accelerate and improve the efficiency of the breeding process. In many crop plants, these methods are used to create new varieties and hybrids with new and improved features. The use of biotechnological methods improving the characteristics of sunflower is limited by weak regenerative capacity of most genotypes in tissues culture in vitro. The efficiency of callus formation and frequency of regeneration in vitro in sunflower depends on the type of explant, plant genotype of the donor and the composition of culture medium. We studied in the culture of somatic tissues in vitro in the medium for initiation the morphogenetic potential of sunflower dwarf lines depending on the presence of agar-agar in the culture medium. Immature embryos of achene of ten dwarf lines of sunflower were explants. In the initiating stage of callusogenesis there were used two variants of Murashige-Skoog medium (liquid without agar-agar and solid containing agar-agar 8 g/l) with casein hydrolyzate (400 mg/l), the phytohormone of 6-benzylaminopurine (4 mg/l) and naphthaleneacetic acid (2 mg/l). The consistency of a culture medium and the effect of genotype had a significant effect on callusogenesis and regeneration in the somatic tissues culture in vitro of sunflower. In liquid medium callusogenesis prevailed, and in solid medium shoots and buds were formed. Significant positive effect on the processes of callusogenesis and regeneration in the medium for initiation in the tissues culture in vitro was set in dwarf lines with genes dw 1, dw 3, dw 5, dw 6, dw 7 and dw 10.