Improvement of anthropometric methods for studying dentistry diagnostic models
Anthropometric studies are included in the complex of mandatory diagnostic measures when examining patients with dentoalveolar pathology. To make an orthodontic diagnosis and plan treatment tactics, it is advisable to carefully examine the patient's dentition, an important component of which is the biometric analysis of plaster models of the dentition. According to the results of X-ray morphometric studies of the maxillofacial region and biometrics of diagnostic models of the dentition of 72 patients of youth and the first period of adulthood with physiological types of bite, a method was developed for constructing a geometric dental pentagon on plaster models of the jaws, taking into account the individual characteristics of the dentoalveolar system. Depending on the size of the interincisal angle of the antagonizing medial incisors, which determine the belonging to the trusive type of dental arches, the patients were divided into three groups with mesotrusion (n=34), protrusion (n=22) and retrusion (n=16) types. For all patients, linear (intermolar width, incisor-canine diagonal, canine-molar distance, anterior arch width, anterior arch depth, total arch depth) and angular (incisal angle, canine angle, molar angle) parameters were calculated. It was found that in people with protrusive types of dental arches, the values of the incisal angle are the smallest (upper jaw - 120.7±1.49°; lower jaw - 130.3±1.53°; p≤0.05), and dimensional indicators canine angle - the largest (upper jaw - 142.8±1.92°; lower jaw - 138.8±1.83°; p≤0,05), in comparison with other trusive types of dental arches. Patients with retrusion types of dental arches are characterized by a combination of the largest values of the incisal angle (upper jaw - 139.8±1.47°; lower jaw - 151.0±1.58°; p≤0,05) with the smallest dimensional indicators of the canine angle (upper jaw - 130.1±1.91°; lower jaw - 124.7±1.84°; p≤0.05). The data obtained are of applied importance in clinical orthodontics to improve the quality of diagnosis and planning tactics for the treatment of anomalies of occlusal relationships.