REVIEW OF THE CURRENT STATE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF MEASURES TO PROTECT PLANTINGS FROM ROOT SPONGES (HETEROBASIDION ANNOSUM (FR.) BREF.)
The results of a review and analysis of various methods of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. for the XX - XXI centuries are presented. Data on the search and selection of handwritten and electronic bibliographic sources used in the review were provided. The pathogen of Heterobasidion annosum (fr.) Bref. is described: its characteristics, properties and distribution. A description and assessment of the effectiveness and feasibility of using the currently existing silvicultural (including chemical) and biological methods to prevent the development and spread, as well as the destruction of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. were given. It has been established that the current silvicultural methods are ineffective or do not bring the required results at all, as it is evidenced by the current state of development of the root sponge in pine plantations. Many of the described techniques are either difficult to implement over large areas, or are economically unprofitable, which makes them practically useless in the fight against such a dangerous pathogen as Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. Preference should be given to a more in-depth study of biological protection, as well as some effective silvicultural techniques (for example, the experiments of S. A. Kazadaev).