EARLY ABILITATION AND ONTOGENESIS FEATURES OF SENSORY SYSTEMS, COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS, AND SPEECH IN PRETERM BORN CHILDREN
The aim of the study was to determine the ontogenesis of sensory systems, speech and cognitive functions in premature born infants of young age. We tried to identify the factors that inﬂuence their development. Material and methods. The study is based on data from 133 premature born children. Premature born children were divided into two groups according to body weight at birth. The comparison group were 14 full-term patients. Outpatient monitoring of children by a various of specialists was carried out during the ﬁrst three years of life. Observation included history, complete clinical and diagnostic neurological examination and, if necessary, abilitation. The development of sensory systems, cognitive functions and speech was assessed using the Psychoneurological Development Card developed by I.A. Skvortsov. Mathematical data processing included methods of variation statistics. Results and discussion: The study conﬁrmed data on the delayed development of sensory, cognitive and speech functions in premature patients. The delay is more pronounced in deeply premature patients. The state of higher mental functions and speech depends on the quality of the afferent information received by the child, the severity of neurological disorders and the course of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Conclusions. The duration of stay on artiﬁcial lungs ventilation, the course of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and impaired development of sensory analyzers worsen the prognosis of speech and cognitive functions development in premature born children. Early abilitation, including methods of sensory stimulation, had a positive effect on the development of higher mental functions and speech in ontogenesis.