Influence of abiotic factors on yield and grain quality of spring common wheat under conditions of the Primorsky territory
The paper assessed the influence of the hydrothermal environmental conditions, formed during different phases of plant development, on the yield and grain quality of spring common wheat under conditions of the Primorsky territory. The work was carried out in 2010-2019. The material for the study was Primorskaya 39, Primorskaya 40, and Primorskaya 50 varieties, zoned in the Primorsky territory. Over the years of testing, we registered a significant variation in the yield of the studied varieties (V = 34-42%). We noted an influence of a lack of moisture on the productivity of spring common wheat in the germination-tillering phase (r = 0.42-0.54). The correlation coefficients between the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) and the yield of the studied varieties were medium and strong, varying within r = 0.69-0.90. The highest yield (5.3-5.5 t/ha) was registered in 2011, when the HTC during the germination-tillering phase was 2.9 (excessively wet); during the tillering-earing phase it was 1.9 (excessively wet); during the earing-full ripeness phase it was 0.5 (very dry). The protein content in the grain varied from 12.6% to 16.6%. Its high accumulation (16.1-16.5%) was observed in 2011 and 2014; the HTC during the earing-ripening phase was 0.5 (very dry) and 1.0 (dry). The ecological plasticity of the yield of the studied varieties varied within bi = 0.97-1.05 that made it possible to state the dependence of productivity on the prevailing meteorological conditions. Among the three varieties studied, the highest stability of grain yield and protein content in the grain (0.09 and 0.12, respectively), stress resistance (-3.1 and -1.8), homeostaticity (3.1 and 166.3), and breeding value (1.4 and 13.3) were noted in Primorskaya 39 variety.