Influence of human gene polymorphisms on the immune response after vaccination
Vaccines are powerful means of preventing infectious diseases. But response to vaccination is variable and in some individuals might even be absent. The literature review presents data obtained in the past decade referring to the role of human genetic determinants in the immune response after vaccination. As is shown, development of an individual effective immune response is related to gene polymorphisms of the system of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and other gene families. Genetic variability conditions a decrease of humoral and cell-mediated immunity, which enhances the probability of infection of the vaccinated individuals after specific immunization. An interrelationship between HLA-genotypes, haplotypes, homo- and heterozygosity is discussed. Establishment of specific antigens that determine the effectiveness of response to vaccination might result in the development of new vaccines.