Characteristics of the Biological Diversity of Native and Wild Forms Vitaceae Juss. as the Most Important Resource of Crimea Vegetation Germplasm (Gene Pool) Based on Analysis of Microsatellite Loci
The study aims to identify, describe and access the genetic diversity of native and wild grapevines of the Crimean Peninsula. In the forest areas of the Crimean Mountains Vitis vinifera L. grapes grow in the wild, including wild V. vinifera ssp. sativa D.C. vines and true V. vinifera ssp. silvestris Gmel. vines considered to be the progenitor of grapevine cultivars. While inspecting forest areas of the Crimean Mountains in 2015-2018, we had discovered 345 wild grapes growing far from vineyards. Molecular analysis of grapevine genotypes was made based on the analysis of allelic polymorphism of 9 nuclear and 3 chloroplast microsatellite loci (nSSR, cpSSR). A total of 123 samples of wild-growing vines were genotyped, according to the phenotype of the most typical ones for wild forms. A comparative assessment of the genetic diversity of grapevines wild forms and the results of genotyping of 76 samples of native varieties from the ampelographic collection was carried out. SSR-PCR-analysis of a group of wild-growing samples and native varieties allowed us to evaluate the genetic diversity of genotypes (Shannon diversity index 1.5 and 1.8, respectively) and calculate the genetic distance matrix for assessing the genetic variation of grapes.