THE ETHNIC COMPOSITION, CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC PECULIARITIES OF THE RUSSIAN COMMUNITY IN CHINA BEFORE 1917
The article is aimed at explaining the problems of social political, ethnic, cultural and linguistic issues that existed in the Russian expatriate groups before the October revolution in 1917. The author fully puts forward the national problems at that time and the political scene of the Russian diaspora. The innovation of the articles is obvious, because the author clearly defines the emergence of Russian ethnic groups in China at the of the nineteenth century. This is due to the construction of the Middle East railway. Among the builders of the Middle East Railway there were people of different nationalities of the Russian empire. The author researched into the period before the revolution, when many Russian multi-ethnic groups scattered in China, it was a period of high labor activity of Russian immigrants. The Middle East Railway Construction was a big project, it attracted the ordinary builders of different nationalities to Manchuria who wanted to earn money and to get rid of political persecution and national anger, it also attracted a large number of private capital made up of quite a plurality of ethnic groups, which made it have certain management unity and interests in the Russian Far East's foreign policy and the success of foreign economy. During the time from the nineteenth century to the twentieth century, they need to adapt to the new living conditions in China. Formation and development of ethnic groups is a complex and relatively contradictory process. However, they neither dissolve, nor integrated into the “yellow skin” of China, but retained their national characteristics, including language identity, national culture, beliefs and so on. There is no doubt that the great Russian language and literature have united and consolidated these ethnic groups into a large Russian community.