The Evolution of Mortgage Lending Institutions
The present article describes opportunities for seeking the forms of housing finance, which closely conform to the current needs of the society. The author analyses evolutionary developments of the two main mortgage lending systems, provided either by savings-and-loans banks or by mortgage credit banks. Historical development of loan associations and thrift institutions for housing construction is also in focus of the study. It explores the stages of transferring or, that is also called in literature, “transplantation” of the institutions from the country of origin to other countries. As a consequence of that, the modern studies contain such terms as “donor country” and “recipient country” of the financial institution, which reflect the nature of the transferring (transplantation) process. The evolution scheme of the two main mortgage institutions is considered. Criteria and stages of the institutions’ development in different countries are identified and described in the text. The author also analyses the impact of environment on the institutions’ development, which are dependent on different initial conditions of the institute implementation as well as on social and socio-economic conditions existing in the countries, which choose a certain model of mortgage institutions. The author evaluates the opportunity and attempts to develop the German construction thrift institution model in comparison to classic American mortgage model. The opportunities for developing different forms of mortgage lending in the modern context are under review in the article. They will depend on criteria of difference that financial institutions present as well on conditions of their activity.