Methodology and results of justification of a MTU structure for agricultural work (on the example of an enterprise operating in the Krasnoyarsk Territory)
When performing complex agricultural work, the problem arises of justifying the composition of the machine-tractor unit (MTU). This is due to the fact that a machine-tractor unit can be assembled from machines that have the same functional purpose, but completely different technical, economic and quality performance indicators. The purpose of the work is to reduce direct operating costs when performing complex agricultural works. Machine-tractor units are a combination of power tools (tractors) and working machines (plows, seeders, cultivators, etc.), with the help of auxiliary (couplers) and transfer devices (PTO). Therefore, in the process of substantiating the nomenclature and quantitative composition of a MTU, it is necessary to involve the main technical and economic indicators of the tractor, working machine and coupling as independent objects of such analysis. In general, the task of justifying the effective composition of a machine-tractor unit can be solved by analyzing the performance of their alternative variants according to a pre-selected efficiency criterion. Based on the results of such a decision, it is recommended to use a composition of the MTU, the use of which, when performing specific agricultural work in the agrotechnical period, leads to minimal specific operating costs. The experimental part of the work was to obtain the initial technical and economic information necessary to solve problems in accordance with the target function: the book value of machines; standards of deductions; productivity; fuel consumption, etc. In accordance with the described methodology, rational compositions of aratory and sowing machine-tractor units for agricultural enterprises operating in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk Territory were justified. The use of the proposed MTU compositions leads to a reduction in specific direct operating costs by 11-90%.