Gastroesophageal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux disease in children
The review of literature presents data on the epidemiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease, the basic mechanisms for the development of physiological and pathological gastroesophageal reflux, the factors influencing the lower esophageal sphincter. The characteristic clinical picture of the disease and extraesophageal symptoms are described. Instrumental diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease includes primarily techniques, such as 24-hour pH monitoring and esophagogastroduodenoscopy. The principles in the current treatment of reflux disease are considered.