Phenomenon of transition: cultural-aesthetic aspects and literary sense
Article is devoted to research of “transition” as cultural phenomenon of a 19th-20th centuries boundary. Stages of transition in culture and the literature, its aesthetic bases and subjects are defined. The structure of transition includes three semantic stadial dominants, interdependent and interconnected: transition as a condition, described not which uncertainty inherent in an initial stage of transient. Infringement of a balance in culture shows following guise of transition - transition as the process, marking demolition of balance, occurrence of new forms of human consciousness, public attitudes, cultural values and priorities. The third semantic constant of “transition” concept shows transition as the mechanism of system progress, change of the cultural paradigms, presented in three variations: shift, jump, explosion. Transition as shift reflects a situation, when in system of art (and cultures) the balance showing interoperability of classical and “nonclassical” types of art consciousness is observed, that is expressed in interoperability of traditional and new artistry moduses, within the limits of one creative system. Transition as jump characterizes a situation of break with the previous art and cultural system, showing a sharp clearance between classical and “non classical” types of art consciousness, a withdrawal from rationalistic and approximation to sensual perception of the world, sharp displacement of accents in the literature and art, the declaration of new aesthetic values and ethical imperatives. Transition as explosion marks an extreme degree of transient intensity. Break occurs not only to previous tradition, but also with an empirical reality and reaches the apogee. Art becomes isolated in itself and declares itself as about the cultural code. The gradation of transition structure is represented enough actual in aspect of transients research in literatures of the different countries where features of transitive instants and a degree of their intensity are defined by a national specific character of cultural progress. The basic function of the literature and art in a transitive epoch consisted in becoming an irreplaceable cultural orienting point of the person. Realization of this function has appeared possible only under condition of art progress as self development, its selfvalue and the self sufficiency making the important characteristic of the literature and art as subjects of transition. In this incarnation, the literature develops principles of art-aesthetic perception of the reality, which become universal for many types of art and a historical and cultural paradigm as a whole.