DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ORCHIDACEAE IN PERMSKII KRAI
In the Permskii krai, 32 cenopopulations of 14 Orchidaceae Juss. species were studied for 12 years (2001-2012). Demographic indicators such as aggregate number, density and age structure were used to assess cenopopulations. Environmental characteristics of the habitats of orchids were given on a scale of E. Landolt. It was found that the lowest aggregate number is characteristic for cenopopula-tions C. rubra, E. helleborine, L. ovata, majority of the cenopopulations G. conopsea, and one ceno-population C. guttatum (usually no more than 80 individuals), the largest - for species Dactylorhiza Nevski and coenopopulation E. palustris (several hundreds and thousands of individuals). The studied species located in well-lit environments, a number of species (C. guttatum, D. incarnata, L. cordata) can be found in some shade. Species prefer clay and peaty, wet and raw, rarely dry (G. conopsea), weakly acidic and acidic soil. Most cenopopulations are characterized by right-age spectrum. Vegetative-oriented age spectrum was often observed at the rhizomatous species. In cenopopulations of tuberous root species maximum age spectrum may account for both the adult vegetative and generative individuals. Some cenopopulations D. fuchsii, D. incarnata, G. conopsea do not have juvenile individuals. This is not considered a deviation from the norm, as the species with tuberous roots are characterized by annual fluctuations of reproduction. In general, the studied cenopopulations are in good condition and do not require the development of additional security measures.