ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTS OF THE ARRHENIUS’ CLASSICAL THEORY OF SPONTANEOUS ELECTROLYTIC DISSOCIATION
This article provides an analytical overview of the most important contemporary works, theoretical positions which eliminate a lot of controversial issues that take place in the classical theories of interfacial interactions, electrolyte solutions and electrochemistry, based on the Arrhenius’ hypothesis of spontaneous electrolytic dissociation. These works, that exclude the process of spontaneous ionic dissociation, are described and interpreted on the basis of the general principles of thermodynamics and electrostatics. In some of them the space of thermodynamic variables is extended, that allowed to apply the method of thermodynamic Gibbs’ potentials differently. Nonequilibrium properties of the surface of the metal - electrolyte solution are described by the model of the dipole - dipole interaction between solvent and solute with the solvated electron as a full-fledged agent of chemical transformations.