ADAPTATION MECHANISMS OF 14-YEAR ADOLESCENTS LIVING IN HIGH AND MIDDLE LATITUDES OF THE EUROPEAN PART OF RUSSIA TO TECHNOGENIC POLLUTION OF SETTLEMENT ZONES (LITERATURE REVIEW)
The review of literature data on adolescents' adaptation to a high level of technogenic pollution, taking into account the geographic latitude of the residence was made. For this purpose, we compared physical development indices, physical health level, as well as the state of the oxygen transport system and the immune system of adolescents living since birth in the middle latitudes or in the European North in conditions of high or low levels of technogenic pollution. The results of the authors' own research were presented. The surveyed 14-year-olds (girls and boys) were divided into four groups, living in four settlements (Sedyu, Yaransk, Ukhta and Kirov) since birth and meeting the specified conditions. It was stated that adaptation mechanisms of 14-year-olds to the high level of technogenic pollution of residential areas were strengthening of erythropoiesis and immune surveillance, and payment for adaptation was a change in physical development rates, a decrease in physical health level and decrease in the monocyte content. It was shown that the mechanism of adaptation of 14-year-olds for residence in the European North in conditions of low level of technogenic pollution consisted in immune surveillance strengthening, and the payment for adaptation was the reduction of red blood cells.