Influence of Chemicalization and Of Biologization Means on Efficiency of Crop Cultivation Technologies in Crop Rotation
In order to compare the efficiency of different means of chemicalization and biologization, applied in a crop rotation, and to evaluate them with respect to economics and bioenergy, the investigations were carried out in 2004-2012 in Ulyanovsk Agricultural Research Institute. The work was done at the 7-field crop rotation. The soil of the test plot was leached heavy loamy chernozem. The content of humus in the arable layer was 6.43-6.62 %, of total nitrogen - 0.26 %, of mobile phosphorus and exchange potassium (according to Chirikov) - 214-228 and 101-117 mg/ kg, respectively; pHsalt was 6.3-6.8. Plots with organic fertilizers (litter manure, sewage sludge, straw, green manure) were divided across into three backgrounds. The first of them (the zero one) was without diatomite and biological preparations; diatomite at the dose of 5 t/ha was applied at the second one; seeds, inoculated by biological agents, were sown at the third plot. The productivity of 7-field grain crop rotation increases from 2,000 to 2,500-2,700 grain units/ha as a result of the application of different methods of chemicalization and biologization of agriculture. A positive impact of diatomite, applied in bare fallow, on the productivity of crop rotation stably manifests. Inoculation of seeds by biological products ensures an increase in the average annual productivity of the crop rotation by 300 grain units/ha. Winter and spring wheat ensure the greatest values of contingent net profit and profitability level during cultivation in the 7-field grain-fallow crop rotation; then barley and pea follow. The use of chemicalization means in the crop rotation is economically profitable; the inoculation of seeds provides a growth of contingent net profit and profitability level. At diatomite applications, the economic indicators were less in comparison with the variant of inoculation. The most energyefficient options are the variants with green manure and straw, especially taking into account the consumption of humus on yield formation.