THE CALLUS CULTURES OF <i>CRAMBE MARITIMA</i> L. RECEIVE AND THEIR CYTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Crambe maritima L. belongs to the family of Brassicaceae. Natural distribution area of Northern, Central and Eastern Europe, the Mediterranean, the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, the Republic of Crimea. Introduced C. maritima to the culture in the Botanical Garden of the Crimean Federal University named V.I. Vernadsky. C. maritima entered in the European Red List of Vascular Plants, a list of wild plants that can serve as a genetic material for improving valuable crops. The interest of the practical application of C. maritima was founded on the biochemical features of the species associated with the content of potentially flavonoid glycosides and antimicrobial glucosinolates. In this connection, the development of biotechnological methods for obtaining cell cultures capable of synthesizing and accumulating biologically active substances, with the possibility of their subsequent use in the development of cosmetic and medicinal products, is topical. When using the Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2,0 mg/l of 2,4-D, 0,5 mg/l of 6-BAP and 0,5 mg/l of kinetin, the callus formation in leaf explant the C. maritima were visually detected on 12-14 days of cultivation. The emerging callus differed in average density and was a light green color. The cytological studies showed that cells of meristematic type were located in large clusters in places of localization of tracheal elements, differed in small sizes 21,3±2,7 μm, and a large nucleus. The cell size of the parenchymal type in primary callus was 123,5±54 μm. Two classes, depending on the size, represented parenchymal cells of callus of the first passage. The sizes of the first class cells reached 72,8±4,3 μm, the second class 211,4±8,1 μm. We also showed the presence in the callus cultures of C. maritima 0-passage and I-passage of tracheal elements forming large clusters.