Competencies of Clinical and Laboratory Diagnostics in Periodontology
The aim of the study. Identify the main clinical and laboratory competencies of microbiological diagnostics in periodontology. Objects and methods. A dental examination of 120 patients with clinical signs of generalized periodontitis and a periodontal pocket depth of 5-6 mm at the age of 35-44 years (main group) and 200 patients without signs of periodontal disease at the age of 20-24 years (control group). To determine the rationality of the choice of tools for extracting content from the periodontal pocket, the PCR diagnostic method was used. To extract the contents from the periodontal pocket, sterile instruments were included in the study: dental probe, excavator No. 1, periodontal probe WHO, periodontal probe North Carolina, interdental brush, paper pin. Results and discussion. The basic clinical and laboratory principles of microbiological diagnosis in periodontology are formulated: the correct choice of the object of study; selection of adequate diagnostic tools; selection of research methods; competence of the results of microbiological diagnostics research in periodontology. The biomaterial obtained with the help of all the tools contained the DNA of microorganisms, which indicates the possibility of using all the tools included in the study to extract the contents from the periodontal pockets. However, in the samples that were selected using a paper pin, the highest amount of microorganism DNA was detected. As the DNA of the material decreases, we give the sequence of toolkit selection: a paper pin, an interdental brush (size 0), a periodontal probe WHO, a North Carolina periodontal probe, a dental probe, a dental excavator No. 1. Conclusions. The main competencies of microbiological diagnostics in periodontology make it possible to reliably make a diagnosis, plan treatment and evaluate its results. The reliability of the diagnostic results in periodontology depends on a rational choice of the object of research. At the same time, PCR is a priority among modern molecular biological diagnostic methods.The use of rational dental instruments makes it possible to differentially use them with observance of significance in the following order: paper pin, interdental brush (size 0), WHO periodontal button probe, North Carolina periodontal probe, dental probe, No. 1 dental excavator.