The microbiome of the intestines: its role in the formation of nutritional status of the organism
Normal bowel function is essential for human health, ensuring its macro- and micronutrients. Intestinal microbes actively participates in the catabolism and disposal of endogenous proteins and amino acids. Free amino acids can be a precursor for the synthesis of microbiota metabolically active compounds that regulate the function of the gastrointestinal tract and affect the physical status of host. Furthermore, intestinal cells produce macromolecules in particular, glycoproteins (mucin), which are a source of amino acids for colonic microbiota. In addition to utilization of free amino acids from the lumen of the intestine, bacteria play an important role in the production of amino acids by biosynthetic de novo. Dysbiosis in the gut may play an important role in the formation and development of a number of pathological conditions, exacerbating metabolic disorders at the level of the microorganism, by modulating the availability of amino acids and other nitrogen-containing metabolites.