Nature and modern trends of constitutionalism in the context of legal pluralism
The article provides a short comparative analysis of the doctrine of constitutionalism in Ukraine in the context of the main tendencies of its development in the contemporary world. Based on the theories of social interaction, rational choice, and game theory, the author concludes that constitutionalism is the result of a spontaneous, stochastic interaction of individuals, social institutions and agencies. Liberal constitutionalism is compared with the liberal-democratic and societal constitutionalism. The conclusion is made that the idea of limits, constraints and control over the government should be added through the expansion of the circle of subjects of decision-making powers at the expense of civil society’ institutions and international organizations. In addition, the model of resource allocation should be revised in the context of the sustainable development of the society, which presupposes the protection of the environment and the responsibility of society, country, and humanity before the coming generations. The content of transnational and supranational constitutionalism, as well as some trends of globalization of constitutionalism, is revealed from the perspective of multilevel constitutionalism. The article focuses on the need to defend national interests, national sovereignty and territorial integrity in the context of the defense of human rights and freedoms. The growing importance of societal constitutionalism, which is characterized by the de-concentration of power and delegating it to the civil society and to the supranational institutions, as well as the expansion of social rights and the right to development, is emphasized. Constitutionalism is revealed not as an abstract phenomenon, but in the context of the specific dynamics of social processes and phenomena, which reflects specific legal status of the measure of government and public institutions, the level of legal awareness, and legal culture. The author concludes that the dynamism of constitutionalism is embodied in the specific procedures of achieving public consensus on the content of social values, which are provided with the constitutional protection.