The fertilizers influence on the yield and bio-energy efficiency of technologies of agricultural crops cultivation in the rotation
The aim of the research was to study the comparative efficiency of different chemicals and biologization used in semipolar crop rotation: steam pure - winter wheat 1 - spring wheat 1 - pea - winter wheat 2 - spring wheat 2 - barley during full rotation (2005-2012). The research conducted in the Ulyanovsk region. The experimental setup consisted of 8 variants (1. Monitoring, 2. NPK fertilizers on the planned yield, 3. Manure 25 t/ha, 4. Manure 50 t/ha, 5. Wastewater sludge (WWS) 12,5 t/ha, 6. WWS 25 t/ha, 7. Green manure, 8. Straw + N115), which were studied on 3 backgrounds: the first control (zero background), the second is diatomite 5 t/ha (high-silica rock), the third - on the day of sowing the seeds were treated with biological substance (winter wheat - Flavobacterium, spring wheat and barley - Risogrin, peas - Risotorphine). The experimental field soil is black soil leached loamy medium power. It was established that the green manure (vetch-oat mixture) and straw used as organic fertilizer on agronomic effective as mineral fertilizers on the planned yield, and manure 25 t/ha and WWS 12.5 t/ha. The grain yield gain of the crop rotation has comprised: in the variant with the entry of N140Р95К175 - 0,31 t/ha (12 %), manure 25 t/ha - 0.40 t/ha (16 %), WWS 12.5 t/ha (14 %), green manure - 0,35 t/ha (14 %), straw - 0.33 t/ha (13 %). The last options with the consideration of humus energy consumption are the most energy efficient on the formation of crop yields. The use of biologics provides a significant gain of crop yield with relatively low energy costs associated with their application.