Diagnostics of suicidal behavior and suicide risk evaluation. Report II
The second part of the report identifies and details the group risk factors for suicidal behavior (SB) in the context of interaction with individual risk factors of SB. SB risk is different in ethnic, socio-demographic, professional, clinical, partly intersecting groups. In the absence of a single absolute, the relative risk factors of the SB indicate that they belong to the risk group. A suicide attempt in the anamnesis is the strongest known predictor of the suicide behavior. The risk factors for suicide and suicide attempts overlap, but are not identical. Protective (anti-suicidal) factors counteract stressors, creating a relative dynamic balance. Such attitudes - overstraining, impeding, delaying the implementation of the SB concept - indirectly indicate the ambivalence of the intention of "to be or not to be". By definition, they are the antithesis of the factors of suicidal risk. "Reasons to live" as a measure of optimism are not a question for those who have overcome the crisis: arguments for life - return to the stage of fighting between suicidal and anti-suicidal tendencies. The more protective factors, the higher the anti-suicide barrier of an individual, the less risk of a SB. Incorporating after the appearance of suicidal intent, anti-suicidal tendencies are determined by the emergence of positive emotions in relation to the past and present. The "typical portrait" of a suicidal person unites a set of various risk factors: a middle-aged Caucasian man, an unemployed person, suffering from a corporal with chronic pain syndrome and limited in his daily functioning (disabled) and / or suffering from a psychiatric disorder (depression and / or anxiety), abusing substances, evading treatment, with a history of suicidal attempt, aggressive, having a background of micro-social conflict (such as a family disorder). Psychological strengths and weaknesses (vulnerability) vary on an individual level. Most factors (including sex) are subject to changes throughout life.