DEVELOPMENT OF FUNCTIONAL LITERACY AND FORMATION OF THE CONCEPT OF "FUNCTIONAL LITERACY" IN RUSSIA
Literacy is a key condition for the formation of any educated community. The achievement of universal literacy in our country has gone through several periods: from the first attempts to introduce elementary literacy training for individual groups and strata of the population, to large-scale campaigns to inculcate universal literacy, which was initially understood as the ability to read and write at the minimum necessary level. Gradually, as the level of education in society increased, the concept of literacy expanded and clarified in response to the requirements and realities of the time. The demand to develop elementary literacy skills has been supplemented by more complex, compound abilities to act correctly in new situations, including household, educational, working, requirements of integration and socialization of individuals in society, ensuring cultural continuity and readiness of the individual to perform social and professional roles. In modern society it is not enough to achieve universal literacy of the population, it is necessary to educate a citizen with interdisciplinary competencies, abilities and a desire for self-development, self-education and self-regulation, constant improvement of professional and personal competence as means of adaptation and effective integration of the individual to the post-industrial uncertain, constantly changing environment. Currently, the problem of achieving functional literacy is relevant all over the world, in the Russian Federation it is included in the program of national development goals of the country. The article examines the history and essential episodes of the formation of the concept of functional literacy in Russia and the world, the specific features and components of this concept in the historical and cultural context and modern aspects of its perception.