Possibilities of solid waste optical sorting
This article provides a brief overview of the optical character recognition technology of various materials used in the sorting of waste, in particular, consider the X-ray transmission, X-ray fluorescence analysis, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, visual spectrometry, near infrared spectroscopy, terahertz spectroscopy and microwave spectroscopy. To identify nonmagnetic and nonmetallic materials represented sensors operating with or penetrating the reflected radiation in different wavelength ranges. The basic possibilities of municipal solid waste sorting using sensors operating in the near infrared and visible regions of the spectrum, which can significantly increase the productivity of the process compared to manual sorting and identification of components that can not be distinguished visually. Presented component composition mixed, separately collected and excavated waste (waste from the body excavated landfill of municipal solid waste that had lain there 3-5 years) in terms of the assessment of the resource potential of waste and the choice of directions of its use. The main directions of use - raw materials and solid recovered fuels from waste. As a raw material allocated the following components: cardboard, paper, polyethylene (PE) containers, plastic film, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle, polypropylene (PP) film, which are in demand by consumers. The proportion by the solid recovered fuel components from the waste represented, namely cardboard, paper, packagings PE, PE films, PET bottles, PP film, other plastics, textiles, wood, tetrapack, leather, rubber and footwear.