INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE ARIDITY ON TECHNOLOGIES CULTIVATION OF WINTER WHEAT
Global climate changes, destabilizing natural ecosystems, are becoming more and more noticeable. The choice of sowing dates for winter wheat under the conditions of aridization of the climate is particularly relevant. Weather and climate anomalies are accompanied by significant losses of agricultural products, directly associated with a significant variation in the productivity of winter wheat. The progressive aridity of the climate assumes a global character and tends to increase. The problem of climate aridization is associated with an increase in air temperature in the summer and autumn periods. In addition, aridization of the climate in the Orel region is manifested in the autumn lack of moisture in the soil, when it is recommended to sow winter wheat for the zone comes. And in the main months of winter wheat ontogenesis, the amount of precipitation decreased by 45% in May, by 4% in June, and by 11% in August. The field studies conducted in the research and educational production center "Integration" of the Orel region in 2013-2018 on gray forest soil of medium-loamy mechanical composition showed that sowing winter wheat 10-20 days later than the recommended time for the zone does not reduce the field germination of varieties Moskovskaya 39 and Nemchinovskaya 57. Plant safety varied from 65 to 80% depending on the sowing period. The most complete preservation of winter wheat was provided by the 2nd and 3rd sowing period (74-80%). The duration of winter wheat vegetation periods increased in variants with late sowing periods. Therefore, late sowing periods reduced the autumn growing cycle of its development by 20-30 days. Sowing winter wheat at a later date provided an increase in the natural weight, accumulation of protein and gluten in the grain by 8-24 g / l, 0.7-1.3%, respectively, increasing the yield by 0.14-0.33 t / ha, compared with the recommended period. Therefore, under the conditions of aridization of the climate, it is necessary to sow winter wheat 10-14 days later than it is recommended for the region.