THE MEANING OF CICERO’S CONCEPT OF <i>IRACUNDIA</i>
The article is devoted to the analysis of the meaning of the concept of iracundia based on the method of content analysis and the frequency analysis method. It is concluded that after the Greeks Cicero supposes that anger is a strong desire which is caused by insult and which makes people takes a revenge, anger is rebellion of the soul and the worst vice. The concept of iracundia is often used in the same context with the word animus, which is not surprising because the sphere of the sensual, which anger is referred to, is closely connected with the spiritual, the soul (animus). The concept of ratio is also used in Cicero’s discourse of anger, because intellect (ratio) is a restraining factor in the midst of emotional unrest, including anger. Cicero opposes iracundia to amor. He uses iracundia in the same context with such negative emotions as dolor, cupiditas, invidia, libido, metus and odium to prove that people need to avoid these emotions.