The scientific community in the international transfer of ideas and technologies: historical aspects
The paper examines training of scientific personnel in the middle of the 20<sup>th</sup> century in the Soviet Union and in Western countries on the basis of archival materials and published memoirs. The author analyzes common and distinctive features of national systems of highly qualified specialists training. It is noted that different approaches to researchers training, their scientific potential and differences in research methods did not interfere the cooperation of scientists from different countries; on the contrary, they complemented and enriched it. In the paper on the example of materials of Physical and Chemical Institute named after L.Ya. Karpov the author names the main communication channels used by scientists in the 1950s-1960s. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that the role of the scientific community in the international transfer of ideas and technologies was to fill this complex process of international cooperation with scientific content. Due to the «international nature» of science, neither language barriers nor differences in mentality and culture hinder its development, but foreign policy is an important factor in the success of scientific thought. The events of the cold war did not allow many international scientific projects to be fully implemented.