PERSPECTIVE VARIETIES AND SAMPLES OF WINTER RYE FOR CROPS IN THE MIDDLE URALS
Winter rye is better than winter triticale and winter wheat adapted to the agro-climatic conditions of the Middle Urals and is used to obtain food and feed. To create new high-yielding varieties of winter rye, it is necessary to assess and select promising samples that ensure the formation of grain yield above 5 t/ha. As a result of the study of promising samples of winter rye in 2014-2017 at the Ural Research Institute of Agriculture, samples of winter rye were isolated, which significantly exceeded the standard varieties Alica and Parom for certain valuable indicators or for a complex of characters. For an average of three years, high winter hardiness, 80-90 %, was set for samples Kama 3 x Parom, Talovskaya 44 x Gran, Snezhana 3 x Alica, and therefore, the stalk density was higher than the standard, and the grain yield was 22- 53 % above the standard and reached 594-795 g/m2. Samples Kama 3 x Parom and Snezhana 3 x Alica exceeded the standard of adaptability and had the stalk density, in the ear they had more grains, but the productivity of the ear was lower than the standard. Samples Talovskaya 44 x Gran and Slavia x Talovskaya 41 had a high mass of 1000 grains (37-39 g), they exceeded the standard for spike productivity by 28-33 %. The best samples of winter rye, isolated during field assessment and propagated in isolated areas, show high adaptability in competitive testing and yield at a level of 5.3-5.5 t/ha, which is higher than the standard by 0.4-0.6 t/ha. Sample CP-3/13 exceeded the standard for yield by 12 %, by weight of 1000 grains by 5.2 % and spike productivity by 5.8 %. In order to preserve high adaptability and productive capacity in primary seed production in isolated areas, plants and families with high stalk density, evened in height, short straw and large ears are selected.