ORGANIZATION PROBLEMS OF ALL-SEASONAL CITY PEDESTRIAN SPACES IN VLADIVOSTOK
A distinctive feature of Vladivostok is significant restrictions on the organization of pedestrian spaces in the traditional way - along highways, so the most urgent task is to develop those pedestrian spaces that connect areas separated by a significant difference in terrain, highways and railway lines. Depending on the specific landforms, various landscaping elements are created to organize pedestrian traffic. There is a need to use a system of pedestrian spaces located on slopes, terraces, retaining walls in the form of stairs and ramps, foot bridges and overpasses. A system for overcoming complicated terrain may also include partially or fully mechanized means - funiculars, cable cars, escalators, travelators, elevators and lifts. As the object of urban planning analysis, those areas of the city of Vladivostok were selected where the problem of the connectedness of parts of the urban space is the most acute. These areas can be divided into two types. The first type is the areas where the vertical pedestrian connectivity of the parts of the city was prevented by a significant difference in the relief between them. The second type is areas where railways and roads prevent the horizontal pedestrian connectivity of parts of the city. The article discusses the experience of domestic and foreign designing of pedestrian spaces, which are formed independently from city highways and provide comfortable movement of pedestrians under any weather conditions. The analysis of this experience, the study of techniques and technical means will outline the main ways of architectural and spatial organization of all-seasonal urban pedestrian spaces in a complex terrain and monsoon climate.