FEATURES OF THE SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS AND ACTIONS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND SENILE DEMENTIA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS IN THE STRUCTURE OF NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SYNDROMES
The article is devoted to the identification of criteria for the violation of voluntary movements and actions in the aspect of structures and functions in the neuropsychological syndromes of Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia. A comparative analysis of praxis in neurodegenerative dementia is carried out from the standpoint of a neuropsychological approach. The specificity of neuropsychological syndromes of neurodegenerative diseases is shown. The similarities and differences in the structure of violations of the system of highly organized coordinated conscious voluntary movements that form the basis of practical skills are revealed. The pathological structure of the defect at the age of involution includes: a decrease in brain mass, atrophy of nerve cells, smoothing of the gyrus, expansion of the cerebral ventricles, special and specific changes in brain tissue. Neuropsychological analysis of the state of higher mental functions establishes a decrease in memory and attention, a slowdown in the pace of mental activity, difficulties in forming new skills and performing operations that require special processing of spatial characteristics of information are often combined with speech and thinking disorders. All of the above is assessed as a global failure of patients in the mnestico-intellectual sphere. In the comparative analysis of neuropsychological syndromes of Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia in patients, both general and specific elements can be identified in the violation of mental functions and the functioning of brain structures, with an emphasis on the spatial organization of voluntary movements and actions. In the neuropsychological diagnosis of the spatial organization of voluntary movements, the main thing is the choice of methods by which symptoms are detected.