Phytopatological expertise of seed material of grain crops of North and Central Kazakhstan
The article presents the results of phytopathological examination about the presence of pathogenic fungi and bacterial contamination in four parts of Northern and Central Kazakhstan. Cereals such as spring soft wheat, spring durum wheat, barley and oats were provided for examination. The study was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the interstate standard for microbiological research. According to the results of studies, it was revealed that the seeds are infected with alternariosis, helminthosporiosis, fusariosis, bacteriosis, as well as the presence of saprophytic contamination. Identification of the cultures was carried out according to the cultural characteristics of the growth of colonies of fungi and bacteria, the article provided a detailed description of the formation of colonies. Identification by morphological characters was carried out using microscopy, with a detailed description of the structure of the obtained fungi and bacteria. To confirm the species affiliation, molecular genetic studies were carried out on the basis of the ITS1 genomic region.