PEASANT AND LANDLORD LANDOWNING OF KERA VILLAGE OF PENZA PROVINCE IN THE POST-REFORM YEARS
Background . The priority issue of the socio-economic development of Russia in the second half of the XIX century is the evolution of peasant and landlord ownership. Addressing this issue is an important research task not only from the point of view of understanding the logic of the historical process, but also from the point of view of analyzing the current situation in the agrarian sector of the country as a result of the economic reforms of the late XX - early XXI centuries. The purpose of the study is to identify the main trends in the development of peasant and landlord landowning in the village of Kera and the village of Kolobovschina in the Nizhnelomovsky district of the Penza province in the conditions of the emergence of capitalism in the post-reform period. Materials and methods . Realization of research tasks was achieved through the use of documentary materials of the State Archive of the Penza Region, as well as the analysis of historiographic sources on the problem. In the conditions of the crisis of modern humanitarian education, historical science turns to new research methods. One of such methods is the microhistorical approach, which allows extending historical knowledge by considering individual local objects and the essential features of particular phenomena, which together constitute the history itself. Results . The study analyzed the historiography of the problem. In the historical retrospect, the evolution of the peasant and landowner economy of the village of Kera and the village of Kolobovschina during the second half of the XIX century is considered. The main trends of its development in the post-reform period are highlighted. Conclusions . An analysis of historiographical sources allowed us to identify at least four stages in the formation of scientific interest in the subject matter: 1860s - 1917, 1917-1950s, 1960s - 1980s, early 1990s - 2000s. Throughout the post-reform period, the leading role was retained by the land tenure of the former state peasants. Purchase and sale of landed estates was carried out mainly between the nobles. During the study period, there was an almost complete absence of rental relations on the territory of the local community. The private initiative of the peasants to a lesser extent spread to the agricultural sector.