Methods of agrocoenosis formation of dyeing safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)
The article presents results of study of the influence of individual technology elements on productivity of dyeing safflower. Field experiments were carried out in the period from 2018 to 2020 in the grain-grass crop rotation of the laboratory of perennial and medicinal herbs of Ulyanovsk Research Institute of Agriculture. The main purpose of the research is to develop theoretical and practical foundations for formation of highly productive, cost-effective agrophytocenoses of dyeing safflower of Ershovskiy -4variety, taking into account the agroclimatic conditions of the Middle Volga region, as well as to establish formation features of the harvest structure elements and seed productivity under the influence of agrochemical components. For comparison, sowing methods were used in combination with seeding amounts: continuous row (15 cm spacing), wide-row (30 cm spacing) and wide-row (70 cm spacing), each of which had four seeding amounts (from 200 thousand/ha to 700 thousand/ha). The seeding amount for wide-row (70 cm row spacing) sowing method is from 250 thousand / ha to 400 thousand / ha. Ammonium nitrate N<sub>3</sub>fertiHzer was introduced as a background for presowing cultivation. Maximum seed yield of 9.0 dt/ ha was formed by plants of wide-row sowing method. This practiceallowedto increase the yield on average by 25.5% in comparison with skip-row sowing, and by 29.2% with row sowing. Yield increase occurred both due to increase ofplant bushiness of wide-row sowing, and increase of the mass of seeds of productive heads. The mass of 1000 seeds of the wide-row sowing method increased by 3-3.6% in relation to other studied sowing methods.