Construction and operation of pipelines: impact on the environment
General characteristic of the pipelines is given, stages of their construction on land and sea bottom are considered, factors of their influence on the environment (route clearing, the pipelines themselves; the pro-ducts being transported, and the heat of substances being transported) are described. Characteristic of reasons of accidental oil spills on underwater pipelines is given, impact on the various environmental components (surface and ground water, soil, vegetation, wildlife, air, geomorphologic environment) at the stages of construction and operation considered, information about the impact of oil spills on the health of people is provided.