THE IDEOLOGICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL CONTENT OF THE NOVELLA "THE HORLA" OF GUY DE MAUPASSANT
The article examines the key philosophical ideas reflected in the novella "The Horla" of Guy de Maupassant which became the symbol of the fantastic literature of the late 19th century. The novel presents two approaches of the perception of reality: rational and irrational. The author of the article focuses on the fact that Maupassant as the member of the Medan group of writers examines the literature in its close connection with philosophy and completely refuses the romantic thought. The purpose of the study is to identify the connections of the main themes of the short story "The Horla" with the philosophical ideas of Arthur Schopenhauer, Immanuel Kant, ancient and Christian elements of culture. Biographical, historical-philosophical and literary materials are used as a research method. As a result, it is noted that the short story "The Horla", written in an era of strong influence on the culture of such ideological positions as scientism and positivism, nevertheless, did not become a "laudatory ode" to these areas, despite the scientific and technological progress of that time, but on the contrary, absorbed the trends of the gloomy, pessimistic philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer. In addition, the author of the article attempts to find an even greater similarity of the philosophical and ideological content of the novel with the concept of metaphysical research by Immanuel Kant, whose revolutionary work "The Critique of Pure Reason" referenced by Schopenhauer in his central work "The World as Will and Representation". The analysis of these sources allowed us to come to the conclusion that in his novella "The Horla" Maupassant, intuitively conveys the idea of Immanuel Kant about the imperfection of human senses and the inability to perceive reality, which is a "thing in itself" and therefore is an incomplete picture of the world. Also in the "The Horla" there is a strong influence of decadence; the writer declares the end of the human ho unreasonably considers himself the crown of nature.