Features of Atherosclerosis of the Carotid Arteries in Elderly patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Aim. To study features of atherosclerosis and signs of instability of atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid arteries by ultrasound duplex scanning of elderly patients with myocardial infarction or unstable angina. Material and methods. The study included 87 patients with ACS and 78 patients without ACS aged 75 and over. Ultrasound duplex scanning of carotid arteries was carried out with Philips EPIQ5 ultrasound system and L12-3 linear array transducer on the 2-5 day from the moment of hospitalization. Quantitative and structural indicators of atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries were assessed. Results. The frequency of detection of atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries in elderly patients with ACS was significantly higher than in patients without ACS - 78 and 67% (p=0,179). Patients with ACS compared with the group without ACS more often had signs of instability of atherosclerotic plaque: heterogenous structure - 28,8 and 19,3% (p=0,017), hypoechogenic component - 39,2 and 9,9% (p<0,001), irregular surface - 46,3 and 8,2% (р<0,001), local calcification -14,2 and 7% (р=0,001). At the same time, ulcerated atherosclerotic plaques were found only in the group of patients with ACS - 1,9% (р=0,412). The incidence of atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries among men was higher in the group with ACS compared to patients without ACS - 36,2 and 23,4% (р=0,003); among women the data are higher in the group without ACS compared with the group of patients with ACS - 76,6 and 63,8% (р=0,003). Conclusion. Atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries among elderly patients are more common in the group of patients with ACS. As the same time, among this group atherosclerotic plaques with signs of instability were significantly more common found.