Effect of biofertilizers on chemical composition and nutrient removal by potato tubers
Potatoes is one of the most consumed products of plant growing in Kazakhstan and the population's demand for it every year will grow. To date, great importance is attached to environmentally friendly food. This suggests that it is necessary to study the issues of mineral nutrition of potatoes on the responsiveness of the most promising biologically pure fertilizers. Fertilizers are the most important factor that can increase potato productivity and regulate its chemical composition, improving quality indicators. Despite the fact that the question of the varietal responsiveness of potatoes to fertilization has been studied for a long time, the influence of biofertilizers on the chemical composition and removal of potatoes has been little studied. In this regard, the goal was to study the specific features of the action of biofertilizers on the chemical composition and removal of potato nutrients. The investigations were carried out in the conditions of the Karaganda region on dark chestnut calcareous heavy loamy soils with a humus content of 2.54%, gross nitrogen 0.147-0.172%, phosphorus 0.20-0.25%, and a high content of mobile phosphorus and potassium. The experiments were based on a 4-variant scheme. Potato variety Nevsky. Agrotechnics in experiments is generally accepted for the zone. Before planting the seeds of potatoes, as well as in the phase of growth and development of plants (budding and flowering), the aboveground mass of plants was treated with biofertilizers. In the spring, before the planting, soil samples were taken from all the experiment variants to a depth of 0-20, 20-40 cm, in the control variant to 1 m every 20 cm, to determine moisture and nutrients by methods common in agrochemistry. During the years of research, the hydrothermal conditions affected the soil processes and conditions of the potato's mineral nutrition. The conditions of mineral nutrition of plants, formed due to agrometeorological factors and applied fertilizers, had a great influence on the chemical composition of the aboveground mass and potato tubers. The use of biofertilizers increased the removal of nutrients from the soil by a factor of 1.5-2.0, which was largely determined by the height of the crop. Potatoes, depending on the climatic conditions of the years, most of all makes tubers and pots of nitrogen and potassium, less phosphorus. Thus, studies have shown that the chemical composition of potatoes, the intake and accumulation of nutrients varied from the conditions of mineral nutrition, the chemical composition of biological fertilizers and the weather conditions of the growing season, on which the quality of the main and by-products depends.