Estimation of No-till Technology of Winter Wheat Cultivation in Comparison with the Traditional One in the Zone of Unstable Moistening of Stavropol Krai
The aim of the investigations was to study the influence of cultivation technology of winter wheat with application of different doses of mineral fertilizers on its growth, development, productivity and economic efficiency in the zone of unstable moistening of Stavropol Krai. For this purpose in long-term stationary experiment on ordinary chernozem winter wheat was sown after soybean according to the traditional technology with double stubbling after harvesting of the forecrop and pre-seeding cultivation and according to the technology of direct seeding without processing of the soil. In both technologies it was applied the dose of mineral fertilizers (N <sub>90</sub>P <sub>e0</sub>K <sub>e0</sub>) recommended by scientific institutions of the region and the calculated dose N1 <sub>60</sub>P <sub>90</sub>K <sub>60</sub> for obtaining of 6.0 t/ ha of grain. In the control fertilizers were not introduced. Plant of winter wheat formed larger vegetative mass and photosynthetic apparatus, when they were sown in nontreated soil with application of the recommended and calculated doses of fertilizers. Better provision with productive moisture and optimal for plants soil density during the vegetation period contributed to this. On average for 2013-2015 the productivity of winter wheat in traditional technology with application of the recommended dose of fertilizers was 4.25 t/ha, calculated one-4.49 t/ha. Without the processing of the soil it was reliably higher by 0.89 and 0.91 t/ha or by 20.9 and 20.3%. Without fertilizers the difference in the productivity between the technologies was not significant, and it was 2.67 t/ha at the traditional technology and 2.53 t/ha without soil treatment. The highest profit, 20.13 thousand rub./ha, and profitability, 119.3%, were obtained in the variant without soil cultivation and with application of the recommended dose of fertilizers. The increase in the dose of mineral fertilizers, as well as seeding according to the traditional technology (with any dose of fertilizers), leads to the decrease in the economic efficiency of the cultivation of the culture.