Analysis of pictures of electroencephalography for convulsive syndrome.
Introduction. Introduction. Epilepsy is characterized mainly by typical repeated seizures of various types. According to modern concepts, epilepsy is a heterogeneous group of diseases and the clinical picture of chronic cases is characterized by convulsive seizures. The pathogenesis of this disease is based on paroxysmal discharges in the neurons of the brain. For the diagnosis of epilepsy and its manifestations, the method of electroencephalography (EEG), that is, the interpretation of the electroencephalogram, has become widespread. Of particular importance is the presence of focal spike wave complexes or asymmetric slow waves, indicating the presence of an epileptic focus and its localization. The presence of high seizure readiness of the whole brain (and, correspondingly, absences) is indicated by generalized spike wave complexes). The aim of the study: to apply the new classification patterns in the analysis of electroencephalography of patients with epilepsy. Materials and methods. In the neurosurgery departments of the National Hospital under the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, to study the frequency of certain types of EEG patterns in the years 2016 to 2019 , 45 persons aged 4 to 73 years with convulsive syndromes were examined, 34 of them were adults and 11 children. Results. The most common neurological symptoms were sleep disturbance, headaches and hyperactivity, the presence of full blown generalized convulsive epileptic seizures in children and generalized convulsive epileptic seizures, headaches, sleep disturbance, and decreased efficiency in memory and attention in adults. In adult patients, the most common types of EEG are paroxysmal activity of an epileptic nature in 12 persons, fixed pattern, combinations of irritative signs, synchronization of epileptiform signs - irritation + synchronization and epileptic signs in 7 persons, diffuse registration of epileptiform activity and paroxysms in 5 people. Less common were signs of dysfunction of the subcortical formations of the brain (DLS) - in 6 patients. 4 persons had synchronous slow pathological activity. In the children's group the most common types of EEG were: paroxysms in 5, local registration of epileptiform activity in 4, diffuse epileptiform activity and paroxysms in 2 children. Slow activity and paroxysms and dysfunction of stem structures were less common. Conclusions.The applied template is effective for gradation and verification of epileptic seizures. Using the template, the inter attack period is verified in which the same pathological signs are present as during the attacks, but reduced, i.e., of lower amplitude. A feature of EEG in epilepsy is the presence of multiple bursts, circulatory disease and paroxysms, in our studies a large percentage of the presence of paroxysmal activity and complexes on the EEG, acute wave and slow wave.