A CARNIVAL IN THE GHETTO: SOME FEATURES OF THE LITERARY UNDERGROUND OF THE 1960-ies - 1970-ies IN THE USSR
We consider the possibility of using new approaches to the study of the literary underground of the late socialism. Identification of such aspects is based on the structural-functional approach that makes it possible to select the location of the underground art in the cultural space of the USSR of 1960-ies - 70-ies of the 20<sup>th</sup> century, and to identify some of the characteristics features, intrinsic for the underground in its appearance and development. The article characterizes specificity of the cultural and historical conditions of that epoch, having determined emergence of the effect of cultural trauma as one of the significant factors in the origin of the artistic underground. We analyze the peculiarities of relationship of the system of the official ideological institutions and leaders of the “alternative culture”. It is shown that the dissonance between the official culture and the underground leads to development of practices of stigmatization in relation to “dissidents”, resulting in origin of the underground cultural ghetto-enclaves in the cultural space as symbolically marked loci of the socio-cultural space. In the condition of confrontation of the official normativity members of the artistic underground refer in their activities to carnivalization as the way of vision and creativity, being fueled, in particular, by the ideas of M. Bakhtin. Carnivalesque and mascarades as the features of functioning of the underground at that epoch don't limit its identity, but they are intrinsic properties making it possible to explain both many thematic and stylistic features of the underground creativity, and the heightened performativity of the conduct of the undeground members both in art and everyday terms, that seems to be perspective for further study of this issue aspects.