Molecular mechanisms of myoprotective action of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate in sarcopenia
The pathogenesis of sarcopenia is complex and associated with impaired muscle protein synthesis, enhanced myocyte apoptosis, increased systemic inflammation, etc. The authors have carried out a systems analysis of31992 articles on sarcopenia, which are presented in the biomedical database PubMed, to clarify a set of comorbid interactions of sarcopenia with osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and other diseases and to justify the use of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and glucosamine sulfate (GS) in these patients. The molecular mechanisms of action of CS and GS on the pathophysiology of sarcopenia have been formulated. By interacting with CD44 receptor, the CS/GS molecules inactivate the proinflammatory factor NF-kB, the activity of which is enhanced in muscle atrophy. In addition, CS/GS provides building material for the regeneration of connective tissue around the myocytes. Thus, the highly purified drugs CS /GS should be used to slow sarcopenia progression.