Notes on general methods of philological analysis as methodological sources of modus and dictum text models formation
This article discusses some common methods of linguistic research, which the author considers most relevant to study the role of the text-modelling role of modus and dictum. The author believes that research of modus and dictum of the text remains in the field of semantic syntax, which is based on the works of Professor Arutyunova and others in 1970. Its principal object is a statement, a sentence. The study of the text should consider not only the simple arithmetic sum of propositions in simple and complex sentences, but also the synergistic product (1 + 1 > 2) expressing ideas about the world through the concepts (including images in literature). Modes of text can have different radii, to be equal to parts of the sentence, the sentence, part of the text, text. In addition, if the sentence is traditionally viewed as impersonal (as if no one addresses it to no one), the text has one of the major research categories - the author (the image of the author). Among the traditional linguistic methods the method of distributional analysis, compositional technique, the semiotic method are distinguished. The author specifies each of them, which is necessary to study the modus and dictum lines of the text. The method of distributional analysis undergoes special adaptation for modus and dictum semantic study of the text; the author uses only most general principle. To represent the methods, the article provides mini-case studies of text passages - journalistic and fiction. The author argues that from a certain viewpoint the composition method by Professor Kaida is close to the method of distributional analysis proposed above. It is also demonstrated by an example. To justify the fact that Professor Shmelyovas method of description of modus and dictum is most natural to study the modus and proposition line of the text, the author tells the essence of this description in great detail. Finally, the author proposes to use his method of explication of modus meanings in text to study the semantics of the text. He offers his variant of comparative analysis, when different moduses referring to one dictum event are considered (such as the Battle of Borodino, discussed in three types of texts - journalistic, scientific and fiction), as well as modus coming from one author who works in three speech (text) fields - journalistic, scientific and fiction. According to the author, these tendencies are widespread at present.