The role of migration in the demographic development of the Kaliningrad oblast
The article provides an analysis of the current level of migration to and from the Kaliningrad region. The article focuses on the impact of migration on the replacement of the natural population decline and its age and sex structure. The data on the age and sex of migrants and the population of municipalities of the Kaliningrad region in 2011-2017 were used in the analysis. The author has built a typology of migration trends in the region. The main classifying feature was the criterion of migration intensity in different age and gender groups, which was estimated using the net migration rate. It was found that despite the generally favourable nature of the age profile of migration for demographic development, migration replaces the reduction in the number of the working-age population only partially. The ageing of the population is observed in the East and South-West of the region, some coastal areas, whereas the rejuvenation of the population is registered in other coastal areas and the Kaliningrad agglomeration. The gender structure of migration tends to exacerbate the existing disparities. In the municipalities of the region, the intraregional and external migration largely go in the opposite directions. Migration exchange with the CIS, the Baltic countries and regions of Russia partly replaces the loss of the male population and youth in intraregional exchange.