Impact of transport and industrial pollution in Krasnoyarsk on the development stability and elemental composition of <i>Betula pendula </i>Roth
The paper presents the analysis of changes in the fluctuating asymmetry index (IFA) of leaves of B. pendula Roth and the content of heavy metals under the influence of transport and industrial pollution of the city of Krasnoyarsk. Comparison of average content of mobile forms of heavy metals in soil with norms revealed the excess of MPC (APC) for the elements: Pb up to 4 times, Cd up to 1,5 times, Cu up to 5,6 times, Ni up to 3,5 times, Zn up to 2 times, Co up to 1,6 times. In response to the increased content of metals in the soil, the concentration of heavy metals in the leaves of B. pendula from the roadway increased by 1,2-40 times compared to the control. It was found that the level of accumulation of heavy metals in the greatest extent occurs in the Sovetsky district of Krasnoyarsk, where there is a more intense impact of motor transport. The index of fluctuating asymmetry (IFA) of B. pendula leaves changed under the influence of chemical pollution. IFA in the areas ranged from 0,051 to 0,075, which makes it possible to assess the quality of the natural environment as having a high level of pollution, and in the control area - as low, since the IFA of B. pendula leaves is 0,034 on average. The IFA of B. pendula leaves has a significant positive correlation with the level of traffic load, so this bio-indicator is applicable to assess the level of vehicular impact on the environment.