INNOVATIVE UNIVERSAL CONE SEEDER
The sowing machines of grain and tilled seeders are significantly different. The sowing machines of grain seeders perform the usual unsettled sowing, while the sowing drills are a precise dotted sowing with given distances between the seeds in a row. The greatest distribution for grain seeders has been a reel sowing machine. The greatest distribution for grain seeders has been a reel sowing machine. For the sowing of seeds of different cultures, coils with different in size and shape grooves are used. Coil sowing machines carry out a cramped movement of seeds, which leads to a mechanical effect on the seeds, partly to their damage. In a row seed drill, pneumatic seeders are most often used. They provide for the presence of a fan, pneumatic system, sowing discs. To the holes of the sowing discs, two or three seeds are often sucked in, which complicates the design and adjustments. A universal cone seeder is proposed. It includes a truncated straight cone, which ends in rings. The upper ring is connected to the seed hopper, and the through ring is placed along the entire circumference of the lower ring. From the front side of the lower ring there is a cover, part of which is provided with a rim, which closes the cells. The cover has the ability to rotate around the horizontal axis. The design parameters of the truncated straight cone are determined: the diameter of the upper base is 55 mm, the lower one is 80 mm, the cone angle is 9°, the length is 80 mm. The parameters of through cells for seeding corn and sunflower seeds are calculated. The critical rotational speed of a truncated straight cone is theoretically justified. It is 2 с<sup>-1</sup>. Mathematical models are found that determine the dose of seeds during sowing of cereals and tilled crops depending on the frequency of rotation of the cone and the speed of the working movement of the seeder. The sowing device provides the usual sowing of seeds of grain crops and exact - dotted row crops. This is the only universal seeder.