INFLUENCE OF HSV2 AND CYTOMEGALOVIRUS ON PREGNANCY (LECTURE FOR INTERN-STUDENTS AND DOCTORS)
Cytomegalovirus and herpetic infections belong to the «TORCH» group and they are capable to damage the placenta, penetrate through it and damage the fetus. Herpes viruses can cause lesions of the genital organs and facilitate the transmission of other infections, including HIV-infection. More than 80 representatives of the herpesvirus family have been discovered, 8 types of them are pathogenic to humans. Herpesviruses belong to the family Herpesviridae and are divided into three subfamilies: α-, β-, γ-herpesviruses. The main properties of herpesviruses are: ubiquitarity, universal susceptibility, opportunism, pantropism, the ability to use various transmission mechanisms, a complex strategy of parasitism, immunosuppression and oncogenicity. These are DNA-containing complex viruses. Herpesvirus replication cycle goes through the following stages: adsorption, penetration and disintegration, synthesis of viral particles, complete assembly of intracellular virus, release of daughter virions. In these viral agents, genes encoding structural proteins make up only 15 % of DNA, so most of the genome is occupied by genes which are responsible for the synthesis of regulatory proteins and enzymes. This feature allows herpesviruses to realize the possibility of a latent, persistent and reactivated state in the infected organism. Recurrent herpes is recorded in people with isolated or combined immunodeficiency in various parts of the immune system. Reaction of the immune system in herpes viral infections (HVI) in children of the first 3 months of life is accompanied by changes in the cellular immunity. On the lymphocytes of patients with acute and prolonged course of HVI, there was a significant increase in CD3 + CD95 + expression in the first month of life, indicating an increase in the readiness of lymphocytes for apoptosis. Herpesvirus infection can induce functional damage in nonspecific immune effector cells. In the treatment of herpetic infection, drugs are prescribed depending on the type of herpesvirus and are divided into means of etiotropic and pathogenetic therapy. In infants with an infection caused by HSV1, 2, the appointment of a comprehensive therapy, including the drugs Acyclovir, Immunovenin and Licopid, is the most effective.