THE HYBRID GRAPE SEEDS GERMINATION PROCESS EFFICIENCY INCREASE ON THE PHYTOHORMONE USE BASIS
In the context of the intensification of agricultural production in the Russian Federation of the vineyard and wine industry, the achievement of replenishment and improvement of the change in grape varieties, which have significant consequences for environmental stress factors, is achieved. Hybridization is one of the main methods of grape breeding, consisting of a combination of parental pairs. To improve the assortment of grapes, the method of crossing the original forms from different geographical groups belonging to different species is used. At the same time, hybrid seeds have significant germination, which supports the breeding process. After sowing seeds, 8-10 years pass, and only then is it possible to transfer seedlings for variety testing. To increase the percentage of germination of grape seeds and good development of seedlings during the first year, we tested the method of pre-stratification soaking of seeds in gibberellic acid (phytohormone) of various concentrations. Soaking seeds in 0.01 % concentration of gibberellic acid made it possible to obtain a yield of grape seedlings of 91.2 % and good morphological indicators of their development (average shoot growth in May - 99.5 cm, leaf surface area - 75.6 cm<sup>2</sup>). Increasing the concentration to 0.03 % made it possible to obtain a yield of 75.4 % (average growth - 83.6 cm, leaf surface area - 69.6 cm<sup>2</sup>). An increase in the concentration of gibberellic acid to 0.04 % contributed to the seedling yield of 69.5 %, which is 9.5 % higher compared to the control. However, an increase in the concentration of gibberellic acid had an inhibitory effect on grape seedlings. In the course of the experimental test to increase the yield of grape seedlings, a productive method was determined - pre-stratification soaking of hybrid seeds in a 0.01 % solution of gibberellic acid. In general, this method will increase not only the germination of grape seeds, but also their growth and development rates in the first and second years of life. The germination of hybrid seeds is one of the key factors determining the effectiveness of varietal hybridization.