Topography and blood supply of the thyroid and parathyroid glands of wild animals
The article explores the anatomical features of vital functional systems and organs, the thyroid and parathyroid glands in particular, which exert a profound and versatile influence on many physiological processes. The thyroid gland controls the basic physiological functions of the body by affecting metabolism and energy, takes an active part in adaptive reactions of the organism to the changing conditions of the external and internal environment of the body. The role of parathyroid glands in the body is very high, especially in wild animals that are constantly susceptible to changing climatic and environmental conditions. Individual animals of wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), Siberian roe deer (Capreolus Pygargus Pall), musk deer (Moschus moschiferus), foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) were studied for anatomical and topographic features of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. A total of 125 wild animals, 25 animals of each species, were examined. Hunting for wild animals was carried out independently by the authors of the article and post-graduate students from Department of Biology and Hunting, Nature Management Faculty of Far Eastern State Agrarian University during hunting seasons of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. The hunting was done under the licenses and permits, issued by Amur Regional Society of Hunters and Fishers and Amur OPS (branches: Zeya and Selemdzhinsky). Animals were studied in several age groups. A set of generally accepted morphological and mathematical methods was used in carrying out the research. While studying topography features of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus Pall), musk deer (Moschus moschiferus), fox (Vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), the variability of the location of the gland on the trachea has been revealed. It was also found that the glands are paired and vary in forms while studying the location of the parathyroid glands. The parathyroid gland external blood supply sources are the same as with the thyroid gland.