Electrolytes for rechargable chemical current sources with magnesium anode
The article provides a list of currently known electrolytes for creating rechargeable chemical current sources with a magnesium anode. Among them are electrolytes containing and not containing chlorides, as well as boron- and aluminum-centric electrolytes as liquid electrolytes. Examples of thickened, polymeric and solid electrolytes are given. Summary tables on the properties of solvents and liquid solutions of electrolytes are given. It has been shown that the greatest stability, cyclability and electrical conductivity, as well as the least corrosive activity, have electrolytes: a) closoboranes, Mg(CB<sub>11</sub>H<sub>12</sub>)<sub>2</sub> with <i>σ</i><sup>25</sup>=3.0 mS/cm and b) magnesium hexafluoropropylaluminate, Mg{[(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CHO]<sub>4</sub>Al}<sub>2</sub> with <i>σ</i><sup>25</sup>=6.5 mS/cm. The latter electrolyte is less toxic and environmentally friendly, easier to manufacture and cheaper. The types of anodes and methods of their preparation are briefly discussed, both for liquid and thickened electrolytes.