"OH, WHAT THE SUFFERING OF FAITH IS MUCH!" (CORRELATION OF FAITH AND CONSCIENCE IN RUSSIAN PHILOSOPHY)
The article analyzes the issue of the relationship between faith and conscience not as a particular issue of the relationship between morality and religion, but as a specific one, revealing the deep moral nature of Russian philosophy. The article proposes the author's definition of conscience as «moral pain», and not only for an act that is wrong from a moral point of view, but as an ongoing state for the tragic disorder and imperfection of the world, in which there is always evil, death, injustice. In this sense, pangs of conscience are the purest criterion of morality. It is shown that conscientiousness and love of truth are the traditional characteristics of the Russian moral consciousness, which have found the strongest embodiment in literature, in which the «humiliated and insulted» represent everyone hurt by untruth, everyone suffering from the injustice of the world order. The most serious conflicts between faith and conscience take place in the works of L. N. Tolstoy, V. V. Rozanov, A. P. Platonov, V. M. Shukshin and others. The critical discourse of these thinkers is not based on ontological questions about existence/non-existence God, characteristic of the atheistic paradigm, but on moral ones, which analyze the moral consciousness of religious and believers. It is here that a contradiction arises between faith and conscience, which, as it turns out, does not have a positive resolution in theology. Therefore, an ethical and philosophical understanding of this issue is always necessary, bringing us closer to the truth.