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THE ARTICLE IS DEVOTED TO LEGAL PROTECTION OF OBJECTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. THE PROBLEM OF SEMANTIC DEFINITENESS OF A NUMBER OF STANDARDS-DEFINITIONS IN THE FEDERAL LAW "ON OBJECTS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE (MONUMENTS OF HISTORY AND CULTURE) OFPEOPLES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION", REVEALING THE CONTENT OF THE CORE CONCEPTS OF "ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE", "ARCHEOLOGICAL OBJECTS", "CULTURAL LAYER". DISCUSSED IN DETAIL CONTAINED IN THE DEFINITION OF THE ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LEGAL CONCEPT OF "ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE". THE WORK ALSO FOCUSES ON THE PROBLEM OF ESTABLISHING THE UPPER CHRONOLOGICAL LIMIT OF ARCHAEOLOGY, AND FORMULATES PROPOSALS FOR IMPROVING THE LEGAL DEFINITIONS.