Improvement of the genofund of bestuzhev breed using potential of holstein and red breeds of european breeding
This work had a modern state Bestuzhev breed on the abundance and productivity. The methods and techniques to maintain and further improve its gene pool are given. In Volga region selection-breeding work on preservation and improvement of the gene pool of the Bestuzhev breed is held by the methods of interbreed breeding and cross-breeding with the aim of creating within the breed of the animal population of highly productive dairy type with the use of Holstein breed genofund and the red breeds of European breeding. The purposeful breeding work resulting array of Holstein Bestuzhev cattle, created from different variants of the crossing, which has high genetic potential of the milk productivity and improved morpho-functional properties of the udder. In basic farms holstinsalmentie animals showed good results (+300...800 kg of milk in relation to purebred Bestuzhev peers). In the Ulyanovsk region there is the experience of crossing the Bestuzhev breeds with red Danish and Holstein. Thus, the use of Holstein breed genofund to improve the Bestuzhev cattle in APC «Volga» in terms of the supply of food per head 42-43 centners of fodder units per year showed that milk yield gostinichny Bestuzhev cows, depending on their genotypic facilities for the first lactation was higher than purebred Bestuzhev peers by 356...868 kg of milk, or by 15.4...37.6%. Among gostinichny crosses the best indicators for the yield of milk was animals with blood ties 62.5% and 75% by improving breed. For the second lactation difference in the yield of milk in favor of hybrids was 301...743 kg of milk (12.0...19.7%) and for the third - 320...647 kg (11.9...22.5%). In conditions of the increased level of feeding holstinsalmentie crosses were characterized by a higher yields, live weight and the best technological properties of the udder. It is established that with the increase in hybrids blood ties with Holstein breed up to 75% naturally risestheir milk yield. Thus, if cross breed with blood ties 25% of improving breed surpassed Bestuzhev peers on the yield of milk for the first lactation by 697 kg of milk (21.1%; P<0.05), with blood ties 37.5% by 826 kg (25.0%; P<0.01 ), the difference in the yield of milk in favor crossbred cows amounted 987 kg (29.9%; P<0.001), and in favor of crossbred with blood ties 62.5% and 75%, respectively 2051 kg (62.1%) and 1040 kg (31.5%; P<0.001). In the result of the programme on improvement of the Bestuzhev breed using pedigree resources of the red rocks cow new highly productive milk protein type must have milk yield for 305 days full age lactation is not less than 5000 kg of milk with the content of fat and protein over 4.0% and 3.3% respectively. Live weight of adult cows should be not lower than 570 kg.