THE INFLUENCE OF THE STRUCTURE OF SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS ON OPERATED TISSUES OF ANIMALS
The purpose of the research was to study the effect of the microstructure of various cutting elements in the surgery on tissue regeneration. The problem was in the increase of the number of postoperative complications and cases of prolonged wound healing, and sometimes the transition of an acute process to chronic, which indicates unresolved issues of postoperative regeneration of damaged tissues. In order to study regenerative features of tissues, diverse operations (n = 28) were performed in calves, goats, and dogs. In addition to cutting tools, the pointed part of the spokes for transosseous osteosynthesis, as well as the saws for amputation of horns, fetotomy in cows and goats, were investigated. Using a Hitachi TM-1000 scanning electron microscope, the microstructure of the surface of the cutting part of various tools was analyzed in the low vacuum Standart Mode. At the same time, it was found that during the cuts with a carbon steel blade, there was slight difficulty in cutting tissues due to “the saw effect” less pronounced for it, in contrast to surgical stainless steel blade, but at the same time, during tissue regeneration after suturing less wound was observed than when using a stainless steel blade. Wire saw surface examination showed that the first time it was used the factory grease was not sufficiently removed, retaining the dust, thereby contributing to the formation of an extensive fibrinous-leukocyte scab between the edges of surgical wound. In this connection mechanical removal of factory lubrication and degreasing with ethyl alcohol was not quite enough. The microscopy of the surface of the tip of Kirschner's knitting needles revealed transverse deformations with extrusion zones of the alloy in individual parts of the products. Used spokes examination showed significant disturbances in the uniformity of their surface in the form of transverse cracks and kinks. In the authors' opinion, the formation of defects in the structure of metal fixators was not excluded at the site of deformations formed during osteosynthesis. Revealed differences between the state of metal fixators before using and after their extraction from the bone indicated a pronounced conflict between the implant and biological object.