Depupolation in Russia: its stages, features and possibilities of neutralization
The article presents depopulation processes in Russia and describes the characteristics of their first stage, which lasted for two decades. The specific feature of that stage of the depopulation was that it happened not due to a reduction in the total number of women of reproductive age, but due to a sharp reduction in the total fertility rate. A particularly large contribution to the depopulation at that time was the increase in the mortality rate of the population. It is said that the work shows that implemented in 2006-2007, the measures of demographic policy in overcoming the negative dynamics of fertility and mortality had success. The second part of the article describes the specifics of the second stage of the depopulation that happened three years later, after relatively successful demographic development of the country. It shows that, unlike the first stage of the depopulation, the second stage will be much more difficult to overcome, since the main difficulty is a dramatic reduction in productive part. The reduction of the reproductive contingent will occur in conditions of exhaustion of the possibility of a significant increase in age-specific fertility. Moreover, in this period, Russia has significantly reduced the opportunities to attract immigrants from other foreign countries. The article says that in the near future, the goal of Russia's demographic development should be to maximize the use of reproduction and migration reserves to minimize the demographic decline and provide the prerequisites for a new demographic boom.