MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH QUALIFICATION SWIMMING POOLS
The article presents the studied characteristics of the morphofunctional status of high-class swimmers, taking into account gender differences. The most significant anthropometric indicators were revealed. Comparative statistical analysis of the main anthropometric indicators of swimmers-dischargers allowed to develop scales of differentiated evaluation (sigmal five-point scale, coefficient of 0.5 sigma) and medium-group profiles for the study groups: masters of sports (MS), candidates for master of sports (CCM) and swimmers of mass ranks. Scales had 5 gradation values: the average level, the levels above and below the average, high and low. The profiles were compiled taking into account gender differences. It was found that young swimmers with MS discharge, standing height, legs lengths are in the range of «above average», body length sitting in the range of «high» values, according to the average group values of scales of differentiated evaluation of the basic anthropometric indicators. In the women of swimmers, the body mass index, the standing body length is in the range of high values, the length parameters of the foot, arm length, chest circumference at rest refer to the «above average» scale, according to the developed scales. The revealed features of peripheral hemodynamics testify to the presence in swimmers of high indices of arterial pulse blood filling, increasing the intensity of arterial blood flow. In groups of swimmer boys and girls, there was a decrease in vascular tone at the precapillary level in certain segments of the lower limbs and the presence of signs of venous outflow in the segments of the shin-foot. The revealed features of peripheral hemodynamics, in our opinion, are determined by the specificity of muscular activity - training in the horizontal position of the body, under the influence of the pressure of the aquatic environment, and also by the increased long lengths of the lower extremities of the swimmers, in comparison with the control groups.