INEXACTITUDE OF THERMODYNAMICAL DEFINITIONSAND TERMS IS A WAY TO THE PERPETUAL ENGINE OF THE SECOND KIND
The article contains analysis of scientific works, which were devoted to investigations of heat engine’s cycles. In these works take place digressions from classical thermodynamical definitions and not correct using of thermodynamical terms. On the basis of publications which were considered the article shows that not correct using of thermodynamical terms follow to the wrong scientific conclusions and lowering of investigation’s results. In the article the thermodynamical method of investigation is presented as s main instrument of study and analyzing cycles of heat engines, the difference of theoretical and actual cycles of heat engines is demonstrated, necessity of the without fail calculation of energy’s dissipation and degradation in real processes and actual cycles of heat engines is pointed out. The particularly attention in the article is given to inadmissible application thermodynamical equations which were received for ideal gases to investigation and comparison of actual cycles with real working body. The scheme of transition process from energy of fuel to mechanical work and connected with this process system of efficiencies is presented in the article. Equations which connect different efficiencies is given. The hypothetical ideal cycle for real intervals of temperature and pressure is represented. This cycle generalizes ideal cycles of internal combustion engines and gas turbine engines. It’s give possible determinate top of arriving thermal efficiency of ideal cycle in real conditions. The article contains recommendations for students, postgraduate students, investigators of heat engine’s cycles. These recommendations give opportunity for more exactly determine aims of investigations, correctly using of thermodynamical method, main laws of thermodynamic and thermodynamical equations, to receive correct, well scientific founded conclusions and to avoid invention of the perpetual engine of the second kind.