Effect of Natural and Geographical Conditions on the Burial Rites of the Kazakhs of Omsk Irtysh Region
The influence of natural and geographical conditions on the burial rite of the Kazakhs of Omsk Irtysh in the 18th - 21st centuries is analyzed. Sources were materials on the Omsk region of Kazakh archaeological and ethnographic expeditions 2008-2019. The objectives of the study include consideration of the specifics of the spatial localization of cemeteries and their arrangement, various structures and materials of burial and gravestone structures. It was found that the place for necropolis is chosen near the village, on an elevated place, if possible, near the water. An important role in the forest-steppe and steppe conditions of the Omsk Irtysh region was played by the protection of cemeteries and graves. The necropolis was enclosed by a moat and a rampart. The most ancient way to protect burials from adverse conditions was fencing-tortkulaki and lining sepulchral mounds layers of sod. From the middle of the 19th century, raw brick was used to build fences. It is the most accessible and practical material in places with arid climate, forest deficiency and no stone. From the middle of the 20th century metal fences became widespread, and later - factory brick. It is concluded that there are a number of specific features under the influence of natural and geographical conditions.