FEATURES OF DETECTION OF TUBERCULOSIS IN ADOLESCENCE
Adolescents are a risk group for the development of tuberculosis due to anatomical - physiological features of this age group. The peculiarities of the course of tuberculosis in adolescents are also associated with this. Given this, it is necessary to understand by what methods, or a combination of methods, this disease is most often detected. Objectives of the work: To study methods for detecting tuberculosis depending on the clinical forms of the disease, the presence or absence of bacterial release and the social status of the teenager. Materials and methods: The study analyzed the materials of case histories of 121 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years who were treated at the ISTC for tuberculosis control over 5 years. Results: The analysis revealed the predominance of the following clinical forms of tuberculosis: focal (33.8%) and infiltrative (32.2%). Intrathoracic lymph node tuberculosis, disseminated tuberculosis and tuberculosis were detected equally - in 6.6% of patients, other forms of tuberculosis accounted for 14% (caseal pneumonia, cirrhotic tuberculosis, peripheral lymph node tuberculosis). In all clinical forms, the immunological method of detection (Mantoux sample with 2 TE, sample with ATP) prevailed over the rest (preventive fluorography; complaints), except for TVGLU, in which the main method was patients' complaints. In patients with bacterial release (6, 6%), the disease was also detected in most cases (63%) by conducting immunological tests. In the context of social history, there is a characteristic predominance of family contact (81.6%) over the rest, which was also detected in the vast majority of cases by immunodiagnosis. (80%, against 15% - complaints and 5% - fluorography). Conclusions: Thus, the main way to diagnose tuberculosis in adolescents is still the method of immunodiagnosis, this is due to the good compensatory reactions of the adolescent body, the imbalance of the hormonal system. At the same time, it is necessary to carefully collect an epidemiological history with the identification of the source of infection due to the prevailing number of cases of transmission of the disease within the family. Literature: 1. Phthisiology: Textbook. - 3rd ed., Rev. and associate professor M.I. Perelman, V.A. Koryakin, I.V. Bogadelnikova. M.: Medicine, 2010 2. "Tuberculosis in children and adolescents." - Edited by O.I. Korol and M.E. Lozovskaya S-Pb, Peter, 2005 3. "Tuberculosis in children and adolescents." - Edited by E.N. Yanchenko and M.P. Greimer S-Pb, Medicine, 1999