ESTIMATION OF THE SMOKE-CREATING ABILITY AND TOXICITY OF PROTECTIVE COATING VPE-1
Development of protective structure for building structures under the influence of high temperatures and studying its smoke-forming ability and toxicity. Method. In carrying out the research conducted an analytical review of major groups of protective agents that reduce the combustibility of wooden construction structures, gave an assessment of their technical characteristics, as well as in accordance with GOST 12.1.044-89 "OHSAS. Fire andexplosion of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indicators and methods for their determination", fire protection and sanitary-technical indicators of the developed protection coating are determined. Results. The authors developed a composition of flame-retardant coating that forms on a surface that "protects" a thin non-transparent layer that prevents inflammation and the spread of flame on a wooden structure. The selection of composition of fire protection composition was carried out according to the scheme "compound - the additive that is flowing - the filler". The basis of the coating is liquid glass, because it has such positive characteristics as accessibility, due to the manifestation of liquid glass adhesive properties - the ability to spontaneous hardening with the formation of artificial silica. Adding to the liquid glass such components as perlite, graphite and epoxy resin, taking into account their positive characteristics regarding the effect of high temperatures, allowed to obtain a new flame retardant composition. For firing tests, an installation was used to determine the coefficient of smoke formation of substances and materials. The essence of the test method was to determine the optical density of smoke that occurs during flame combustion or corrosion of the sample. Tests are conducted in two modes. In the mode of decay, for example, there is a heat flux with a surface density of 35 kW/m2, and in the mode of flame combustion - the heat flow and the flame of the gas burner. The conducted studies on determining the smoke-forming ability have shown that the samples provided by the material "Mixture for the production of fireproof coating VPE-1", belong to materials with moderate smoke- forming ability D2. According to the results of the testing of the toxicity of combustion products, it turns out that the object of testing is a little dangerous to the class. Scientific novelty. Taking into account the theoretical preconditions, the choice of output components for a new fire protection composition has been carried out. Practical meaningfulness. A new non- flammable spillway structure has been developed that allows the transfer of combustible materials to a group of severely damaging substances and increases the protection of building structures against the effects of high temperatures. The developed protective composition received the patent of Ukraine for a useful model.