The role of candidate genes as trigger factors in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus
This review analyzes the literature database, including systematic reviews and randomized clinical studies on epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnostic methods for gestational diabetes (GDM). The undoubted growth ofpregnant women with diagnosed GDMindicates the relevance of this issue.The highprevalence ofpreg-nancy complicationsand adverse perinatal outcomes such as preeclampsia, premature birth, fetal macrosomia, as well as long-term consequences such as high risk of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, stimulate the search for newdiagnostic criteria GDM. The pathogenetic similarity of GDM and type 2 diabetes is not in doubt. GDM is a multifactorial disease, the development of which is influenced by numerous factors (genetic and exogenous). With the development of genetic engineering, it became possible to study the molecular basis of diabetes mellitus (DM). The authors evaluated the known genetic markers of the risk of GDM, allowing at the pregravid stage to timely identify women at risk. It is relevant to study the role of genetic variants and their interactions in the genotype in the risk of hyperglycemia, identified on the basis of new diagnostic criteria approvad in December 2012 by the Russian national consensus “Gestational diabetes: diagnosis, treatment, postnatal care”.