MOUNTAIN ELECTION SAMARA LUKA - RELIC COMMUNITY: CURRENT STATUS AND PROBLEMS OF CONSERVATION
Shown the unique nature of the pine forests in the Zhiguli hills and the characteristic of their state of knowledge. Mountain pine forests have a relict nature and are of high coenotic biodiversity. Main types of pine forests of the Samara bend: pine forest-zelenovskiy (with options: mossy prestuplenie and typical zelenovskiye); pine grass (with options: pine Lily and pines cubanowdigital); pine steppe (with options: pine sedge, mixed prituplenny-herbaceous, shrub prituplenny pine colonascopy); pine and broad-leaved (with options: pine oak-prituplenny pine oak hazel pine oak-ramesey pine lime-ramesey). The main dominants of steppe and mountain pine forests are Carex pediformis, Elytrigia lolioides, Hieracium virosum, Polygonatum odoratum, Stipa pennata. In the herbaceous cover of these communities, a large group of rare and endangered species, such as Adonanthe vernalis, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Clausia aprica, Gypsophila zhegulensis, G. juzepczukiii, Helianthemum nummularium, H. zheguliense, Hylotelephium zhiguliense, Pulsatilla patens, Stipa pulcherrima and others In complex forests with herbaceous cover in dominant enter Brachypodium pinnatum, B. sylvatica, Laser trilobum, etc. Among the herbs here are some rare species of orchids - Cephalanthera rubra, Cypripedium calceolus, Epipactis atrorubens, E. helleborine, Neottia nidusavis etc. Mountain pine forest in the Samarskaya Luka, despite the fact that are protected on the territory Zhiguli biosphere reserve and national Park "Samarskaya Luka", included in the complex of the middle Volga biosphere reserve of UNESCO are currently on the verge of extinction, which is associated with a rather sharp trend of climate change towards aridity and increasing pyrogenic factor.