Studyof migrationroutes and places of accumulation of chemical elements and organic matter in the reservoirs of Lake Baikal
Lake Baikal is the oldest, deepest and largest freshwater lake of the Earth and as the water source of mankind is huge global potential, including for Russia. It is necessary to save Lake Baikal in a state close to natural. Lack of knowledge of mechanisms of interaction between Lake Baikal and the natural component of the environment, the role of its geochemical flows in the chemical composition of the lake water forming, does not allow to solve specific engineering and environmental challenges, such as migration forecast contaminants in the waters of Lake Baikal. It is necessary to study the natural migration routes, concentration and dispersion of macro, micro, nutrients and organic matter entering the lake reservoirs and streams of the chemical components of organic matter of the environment. The purpose of this work - to establish ways of migration and places of accumulation of the components coming from the streams and chemical components of organic matter of the natural environment in the reservoirs of Lake Baikal; to establish the similarity and difference of the functional characteristics of the South, the Selenga, Middle, Ushkaneostrovsk, Northern tanks of Lake Baikal in megasystem «Lake Baikal - the substance of the streams of the environment». It has been established for which components reservoirs are flow-through, and for what are biogeochemical barriers. Certain within its borders on physical and chemical parameters Baikal reservoirs have integrity in relation to their functions. The similarity of of functions of reservoirs is as follows: from the arrived in reservoirs with chemical streams of natural components of the environment components HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>, Cl<sup>-</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, B, Mo, Hg, Sr, C<sub>org</sub>, N<sub>org</sub>, S<sub>org</sub>, in the form of dissolved ions, transit pass to other reservoirs and the Angara River, and part of the cations of the main components, nutrients, part of an organic substance, a group of trace elements bound (react complexation) and remain (accumulated) in the reservoirs (disposed or come into a chemical cycling). The difference between the functions of reservours is how accumulated in their components are expenses: in Selenga reservoir, they are buried, in the remaining small part of them landfilled, and most of them enter chemical circulation. The water reservoirs, these components are in dissolved and suspended state.