Modern notion of phagocytosis
The literature review deals with the modern notions about phagocytosis — one of the major protective reactions of organism concerning recognition, isolation and neutralization of alien genetic agents. In the article description was given to functional activity of cells coring out phagocytosis — neuthrophil granulocytes and macrophages; the stages of phagocytes cooperation with each other, cells and microorganisms at infections processes were presented. The different cellular forms are morphological substrate of protective function in the organism. They differ in structure, location of concentration in organs and tissues, but generally act as a single system, which functions via two types of cells ― polymorphonuclear and monocyte leukocytes creating protection against different factors that destabilize antigenic homeostasis. Herewith neutrophile granulocytes are the highly-specialized cells with more pronounced biological activity in comparison to mononuclear, enabling them to effectively neutralize and eliminate pathogens. The protection of organism against infections lays in consistent involving of three different components into the anti infectious agents: 1) the natural resistance factors, 2) early immune response, 3) the acquired immune response. Natural resistance factors are involved into protection immediately after the agent has overcome skin and mucous membranes, and its introduction to the internal environment of the organism. It is mentioned that separate polyamines play an important role in controlling the innate immune response in animals’ organism, which is associated with genes expression.