Degenerative hip disorders in children
A group of degenerative hip disorders in children is discussed in the current review. The key pathogenic focus of these disturbances is an initial hyaline cartilage alteration or subchondral bone, which provokes damage of the epiphyseal hip zone. Eventually, such events lead to a local inflammatory reaction in the hip joint, cytokine cascade with hypoxia and ischemia, and apoptosis and necrosis in the hip. Developmental hip dysplasia, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, and slipped capital femoral epiphysis are analyzed in this review as the spreading forms of degenerative hip disorders in children. The key points of etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, and treatment of each disease are characterized. A group of degenerative hip joint diseases remains under the close supervision of pediatric orthopedists and traumatologists because of their high prevalence, severity of clinical manifestations, damage of life quality, and development of complications in the form of arthritis. In addition, the lack of unified approaches to the application of treatment methods for degenerative hip joint diseases is the subject of discussion among surgeons and often causes a decrease in the quality of care in terms of time and volume.