ЕCOLOGICAL ESTIMATION OF THE MICROCLIMATE AND AIR POLLUTION IN THE INDUSTRIALLY-DEVELOPED CITIES OF GERMANY AND RUSSIA
On the example of the large cities in Germany (Kassel, Freiburg) and Russia (Voronezh), complex microclimatic observations and analysis of regularities of formation of centres of aerogenic pollution have been carried out. It is established that the urban microclimate is significantly influenced by thermal, wind characteristics, the type of urban development and nature of the underlying surface. To evaluation of the thermal comfort German scientists used biometeorological index («PET»), which characterizes the equivalent of thermal comfort for a person in the street conditions, served as a basis on creation a microclimate map of Kassel city. On the example of Voronezh city three types of seasonal variations of atmospheric pollution in the predominant character of urban development: residential-industrial, residential-transport, residential-recreational have been revealed. The industrial-transport zones in summer and autumn seasons have a greatest effect on air pollution. The best «indicators» of seasonal air pollution are nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde.