THE PATHOGENESIS AND DIAGNOSIS OF PERINATAL BRAIN LESIONS
The relevance of the problems of perinatal brain lesions determines the dissonance between the development of preservation of pregnancy technologies and the stagnation of the possibilities of nursing newborns, especially those born with a low and extremely low body weight. The review analyzes modern concepts of cytological, immunological, cytochemical aspects of Brain ontogeny and the formation of perinatal brain damage. Presented are modern views on the mechanisms of the ischemic cascade, glutamate impact, excitotoxicity. Particular attention is paid to the process of myelination in neuroonthogenesis and the mechanisms of its disturbance, as well as to the methods of neurophysiological and neuroimaging diagnostics of perinatal brain lesions. As a pathophysiological paradox, there is a discrepancy between pathomorphological indications of myelination disorders and the results of neurophysiological testing of the afferent brain pathways.