LAW ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM OF RUSSIA - ORGANIZATIONAL AND FUNCTIONAL BASIS OF ITS CRIMINAL POLICY
The article provides a General theoretical analysis of the categories "criminal policy" and "law enforcement system". The stages of formation of the national criminal policy are allocated, their substantial characteristic is carried out. The application of the method of cyclic analysis allows to distinguish three main stages in the history of the Russian state: Imperial, Soviet, post-Soviet. At the same time, according to the author, each cycle is a separate period, during which the state underwent the stages of formation, development, crisis, destruction. Modern Russia is going through a continuing (unfinished) cycle and is currently in a transitional phase of its history, which is characterized by both innovation and traditional features. The author provides a comparative structural and functional analysis of law enforcement systems operating at various historical stages of the Russian state. It is noted that the principles of legality, professionalism, differentiation of subjects of competence and powers should be the basis for the formation and functioning of state structures endowed with com-petitions in the field of law enforcement. The law enforcement system of modern Russia is a rather complex image, the structural and functional elements of which in some cases come into force with each other, which complicates their interaction during the implementation of law enforcement activities and reduces the effectiveness of the law enforcement mechanism as a whole.