The Origins of the Development of Basic Ideas About the Legal Provision of Entrepreneurship in Pre-revolutionary Russia
The article provides a historical sketch of the legal regulation of forms of business in the 19th century, analyzes a number of issues relating to the theory of legal entity. According to the author, the beginning of legal regulation of joint-stock companies occurred with the adoption of the Decree of Alexander I on September 6, 1805 and the Manifesto of the Emperor on January 1, 1807. These acts are fixed joint-stock company as a form of association of subjects of enterprise, provided the principle of limited liability of shareholders for the company obligations. The legislation on business entities was further developed in the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire. A division of companies by properties was carried out, where companies required special conditions for functioning and where companies did not need to be prepared for starting a business. Companies of the first group could receive exclusive privileges from the Government, companies of the second group could receive any permissions. A certain success for legal thought was the draft Civil Code of the Russian Empire, a document that did not come into force. However, in the sphere of civil law regulation of relations this document for the first time formulated such legal constructions as legal capacity and legal competence.