Working Conditions and Mortality Among Men of Working Age in Russia (Experience of Murmansk Region)
Purpose. To study the mortality of the male population of working age in the industrial cities depending on the specifics of the town-forming enterprises. Materials and methods. In three cities in the Murmansk region, where the town -forming enterprises of non-ferrous metallurgy (Monchegorsk, Kandalaksha) and the mining industry (Kirovsk) are located, the capital of the region (Murmansk), and in the country as a whole has been studied of mortality on average for 6-year period (2000—2005) age-standardized death rates (direct method). Results. Comparative analysis of the causes and death rates in males of working age has shown that in all the studied cities of Murmansk region there were higher death rates in men of working age from diseases of the circulatory system (in 1,3—2,0 times) and diseases of the respiratory system (in 1,1—1,8 times) in comparison with Russia. In industrial cities, compared with Murmansk, higher death rates of male population of working age from causes which etiologically are connected with harmful factors of manufacture have been registered: from cardiovascular diseases — in 1,1—1,5 times and respiratory diseases — in 1,2—1,6 times. In cities where non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises are located, concerning to cancerogenic, death rates from malignant neoplasms have been raised in 1,2—1,4 times. This happens, in particular, in Monchegorsk where Open Joint-Stock Company «Severonickel Combine» enterprise is located. Mortality from lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancer raised in 1,8 times: the localization specific at influence of nickel.