Historical experience of creation of objects with an artificial microclimate
The article is devoted to the analysis of the origin and development of objects with an artificial microclimate, created by people at all historical stages of civilization development. The author identifies the causes of the emergence of structures with an artificial climate; research was conducted and the time stages of the development of such specialized facilities were determined; the features of their constructive solution depending on the tasks assigned and techniques of technological solutions depending on the stages of civilization development are considered. The article shows countries actively developing this direction in Europe. The processes of formation of this direction in the territory of Russia are affected. For the first time, attention was paid to the construction of such facilities in the southern region, whose construction for those living in this territory was not conditioned by a vital need. The article deals with the process of formation of structural features of buildings with an artificial microclimate both in the design and in their erection. The main temporal stages of their development are revealed, examples of the most significant ones of that time are given; An architectural school specializing in the construction of these structures was identified.