Russian Lexical Borrowings in the Texts of Bashkir Fairy Tales
The article investigates the Russisms, which are a part of the fairy tale beginnings and represent the military rank and position. Over time, borrowings ousted the original vocabulary or existed in parallel. Basically, the Russian language borrowed words for new concepts and subjects that do not have names in the Bashkir language. The author points out that this phenomenon is due to the fact that after the Bashkir tribes joined the Russian state, the regular service of the Bashkirs in the regular Russian army begins and the ancient Turkic military vocabulary is replaced by Russian terms. Many early Russian lexical items appeared in the folk-conversational Bashkir language during the construction of plants in places rich in deposits of ore and minerals in the Southern Urals and Trans-Urals. In general, common needs, the exchange of economic and cultural realities and simple communication of the people were the reason for the appearance of borrowed words, which in their turn were subjected to significant phonetic changes in accordance with the traditional laws of the phonological structure of the Bashkir language and thus borrowings are adapted to the sound model of the primordial vocabulary. The author also observes the specifics of the Bashkir dialects in the development of Russisms in the texts of fairy tales. This is due to two reasons: on the one hand, the narrator of the text represents his/her dialect; on the other hand, the field research worker may allow private dialectal-phonetic features. In our study, the listed borrowings were mainly subject to the widening of vowels and palatalization of consonants. The initial sibilant consonant [s] is transformed into the spirant [?]. These phenomena are inherent in the southern and eastern dialects of the Bashkir language. The research is based on revealing the connection between the original word and borrowing explaining the primary and secondary seme or meaning of the word, as well as the reasons for the phonetic adaptation of foreign vocabulary to live Bashkir speech, and the penetration of foreign lexical units into folklore texts.