Transformation of models of innovative development on the way to openness of innovative systems
The evolution of models of the innovative process on the way to the openness of innovative systems is presented in the article. The conclusion is drawn that each new generation of models arises in reply to the requirements of development of world economy, in which the sphere of innovations was actively globalized. Data of the researches are provided confirming that in Russia the absolute majority of innovations are developed in the companies, practically without attraction of intellectual and financial resources from the outside. With such a closed approach the company does not use external sources for creation of innovations, and counts only on itself and seeks to protect the innovations by the rights to intellectual property. Open innovative practice assumes active search of perspective ideas in environment, joint researches and creation of innovations with other partners, and also strategic use of the rights to intellectual property. Foreign experience shows that within the developed innovative economy in branches with intensive research and development the rectilinear logic of the last century according to which the large producer of goods or the services achieved the maximum decrease in expenses thanks to a scale effect and production optimisation becomes the world leader in the branch ceases to work. Results of the analysis of innovative development of regions, members of Association of innovative regions of Russia (further in the text - AIRR) testify to the domination of linear models in innovative process management. Management of innovative process in compliance with the model of market attraction (G2) is noted in the Republics of Tatarstan and Mordovia, Perm Krai, Lipetsk, Samara and Ulyanovsk Regions. Management of innovative process according to the model of a technological push (G1) is noted in Tomsk and Novosibirsk Regions. Advantages and shortcomings of realisation of each model in the regions are given in the article. A conclusion is made that implementing the linear models of innovative process management the regions of Russia are doomed to the catching-up innovative development and technological lag from the advanced countries. A mutually advantageous, constructive integration into the world innovations processes requires considerable improvement of the existing and creation of new institutions. Imperfection of regulation of the sphere of intellectual property is the main reason for the closeness of innovative systems of various levels. A number of unresolved problems of the sphere of intellectual property are specified that do not allow Russia to profitably interact in the world innovative space realising the model of open innovations. The need is stated in interregional interaction and creation of interregional institutions, whose activity includes coordination of the interregional innovative projects. Their realisation will allow to get additional benefits from the transfer of experience, concentration of efforts and resources of subjects of innovative activity, which, undoubtedly, will accelerate the processes of generation and distribution of innovations by the network of interrelations in the country's Common Economic Space.