Analysis of the main technical solutions aimed at increasing speeds train traffic in the Republic of Belarus
Currently, high-speed railways provide not only a high speed of movement, but also a higher level of reliability and safety, comfort, and efficiency. The newest trains, built on the basis of innovative technologies, develop speeds of 300-350 km/h, successfully compete with all types of transport. High-speed ground transport in the modern concept is a railway transport that provides train traffic at a speed of more than 200 km/h. Its movement is carried out either by wheeled rolling stock on a rail track. The problem of increasing the speed of trains on the railway is an important task facing the Belarusian Railway. Reconstructive measures to increase the speed of movement on the railway should be designed so that the safety and uninterrupted movement of trains are guaranteed; the time of passengers on the way is reduced while ensuring the required size of transportation and the lowest construction and operating costs. In high-speed traffic, to ensure the comfort of passengers' ride, more stringent requirements are imposed on the plan of the line: curves of small radii, the length of straight inserts and transition curves increase to stabilize the rolling stock at the ends of circular curves, intersections with roads are carried out at different levels, turnouts are replaced transfers, passenger platforms are being rebuilt. In addition, the devices of the central blocking and communication system are being modernized, the contact network and traction substations are being strengthened, and measures are being taken to protect the environment. When the rolling stock passes along curves, centrifugal forces arise that tend to overturn the crew out of the curve. This can only happen in exceptional cases. However, the centrifugal force adversely affects passengers, causes lateral impact on the track, redistribution of vertical pressures on the rails of both threads and overloading of the outer thread, which leads to increased lateral wear of the rails and wheel flanges. In addition, rails can be skimmed, track widening or lateral displacement of the rail and sleeper lattice, that is, the disorder in the position of the track in the plan.