Biometric and physiological characteristics and productivity of pear trees for different cultivar-rootstock combinations
The article presents the results of the study of rootstocks for pears in combination with Crimean breeding cultivars under the condition of the Crimea. The analysis of biometric indicators of trees allowed to establish their force of growth: trees on the rootstocks of KA53, KA86, VA29(c) are medium-growth; trees on KA61, KA92 are stunted. The size of fruit plantations also depends on the growth power of the cultivars. In our research, Izuminka Kryma is a stunted cultivar. The trunk section area of the 10-year-old trees on all studied rootstocks is 56.1-71.1 cm2. Pear cultivars Bere Ardanpon, Izumrudnaya, Maria, Mriya, Otechestvennaya, and Tavricheskaya have an average growth power, their average section area of the trunk is 67.1-83.2 cm2. The height of trees in all variants does not exceed 3.2 m. In the presented paper it is noted that the photosynthetic surface of leaves depends on the development of the tree crown and its root system. It is found that 1m2 of leaf area produces 1.5- 2.5 kg/m2 of fruits. A large leaf surface is observed in the cultivar Maria on the rootstock of the KA53 and it is equal to 15.3 ths m2/ha. The biometric and physiological characteristics of the studied combinations of cultivars and rootstocks presented in the article predict the potential of a biological yield of 35-40 t / ha. In our research, the cultivar Maria on the rootstock KA53 stands out by its productivity. In this combination, we obtained 36.4 t/ha, while in the control - 23.2 t/ha. Introduction of the cultivar-rootstock combinations of pears adapted to the conditions of growth, in the industrial horticulture of the Crimea makes it possible to expand the area of distribution of the second most important culture in the region, increasing the production of pear fruits, suited for diet and baby food in the resort of the Crimea.