A model of multi-criteria selection of suppliers of an industrial enterprise in a risk environment
The paper presents a model for selecting the optimal system of suppliers of a production enterprise, which allows to minimize economic risk. In the study, risk is understood as a multidimensional phenomenon caused by factors of various origins (anthropogenic, technical, financial). However, the current approaches to selecting a supplier have a number of disadvantages, the main of which is the subjectivity or computational complexity of algorithms that require special software. This research is based on reducing the economic formulation of the problem of selecting a supplier based on the set of its properties to a mathematical formulation that is a linear programming problem. At the same time, the author has found a way to construct a multi-criteria target function that takes into account the reputational (minimizing disruption of delivery times of finished products), financial (maximizing the turnover of inventory) and competitive (minimizing the cost of finished products) components of economic risk. When formulating criteria and restrictions, the most important properties of suppliers that can have a significant impact on the economic and financial stability of the enterprise are taken into account. As methods of risk management in the proposed approach, the diversification of suppliers and the creation of an insurance stock of materials and components are implemented. The methodology proposed by the author in the form of economic and mathematical statements of problems allows us to optimize the system of suppliers by making a multi-criteria choice, but avoiding a priori determination of the weight coefficients of the criteria. At the same time, for its practical implementation, there is no need to use special software; the task can be solved in the Microsoft Excel environment. Implementation of the approach will also avoid negative consequences due to the influence of the so - called "human factor" - an excessively conservative approach to the formation and maintenance of a list of suppliers, often due to the personal interest of purchasing managers.