Impact of Migration Processes on the Settlement System and Urban Planning Policies
The peculiarities of migration processes in the 20th-21st centuries and their impact on the settlement system and urban planning practice are considered. It is noted that the main cause of internal migration flows was industrialization with a simultaneous decrease in the labor intensity of agricultural production, which led to the emergence of large urban settlements - megacities and a decrease in the number of rural settlements. Living standards in cities (employment, education and medical care, comfortable housing, etc.) have become significantly superior to rural ones, while the environmental situation of cities has deteriorated. In the post-war period, population growth took place in both World War II and Third World countries, which became leaders in the number of cities with multi-million numbers. Megacities from traditional cities have become agglomerations, creating new transport problems due to the emergence of daily migration. At the beginning of this century, inter-State migration flows dominated by political and economic (in particular, globalization processes) causes. The growth of labor migration from the Middle East to Europe, although it has solved the problem of labor shortages in Europe, has caused social stress. In addition, traditional European cities have become conglomerate ethnic communities. This has caused, inter alia, new environmental problems in cities. Changes in the settlement system caused by migration processes, both in spatial and social terms, require forecasting of these processes and consideration in the formulation of urban planning policies.