Diagnostic Value of Local Immunity Factors in Allergic Rhinitis
Purpose. To evaluate the diagnostic value of local immunity factors (IgE total rate, secretory IgA rate in nasal secretion and saliva) in diagnostics of allergic rhinitis. Materials and methods. The study included 20 patients with allergic rhinitis, 20 patients with the signs of allergic rhinitis, and 10 individuals in the control group. A sterile cytobrush was used to collect nasal secretion. The cytobrush was inserted into the nasal cavity under direct vision without prior anesthesia to the depth sufficient for the villous part of the brush to be completely located between the lower nasal conch and the nasal septum. Next, the cytosbrush was pressed against the lower nasal conch and rotated. After extraction from the nasal cavity, the cytobrush was placed in a vacutainer with 1.5 ml of saline solution. Nasal secretion was collected from the other half of the nose in the same way.Results. In patients with the signs of allergic rhinitis, the concentration of general immunoglobulin E in the nasal secretion - 0.9 (0.5; 1.4) IU/ml, which is significantly higher (p<0.05) if compared to the control group - 0.05 IU/ml (0; 0.28). The total rate of immunoglobulin E in the nasal secretion in patients with confirmed allergic rhinitis and those in the control group do not have statistically significant differences. The concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A in nasal secretion in patients with confirmed allergic rhinitis is significantly lower in comparison with the control group: 45.7 (27.2; 51.2) mg/l and 58.5 (71.4; 90.5) mg/l, respectively (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A in nasal secretion in individuals with the signs of allergic rhinitis and patients with confirmed allergic rhinitis: 55.5 (41.9; 78.1) mg/l and 45.7 (27.2; 51.2) mg/l, respectively (p>0.05). The diagnostic significance of the determination of IgE-general and secretory immunoglobulin A in saliva was not established on the base of results of this study. Conclusion. Determination of total rate of immunoglobulin E and the rate of secretory immunoglobulin A in nasal secretion may be recommended for verification of allergic rhinitis. The diagnostic value of the total rate of immunoglobulin E and the rate of secretory immunoglobulin А in saliva has not been confirmed.