THE ROLE OF GROWTH FACTORS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF INFERTILITY AND MISCARRIAGE (LITERATURE REVIEW)
In recent years, numerous researches on the role of growth factors in the diagnosis of various diseases have appeared in the literature. The clinical effect of growth factors on the pathogenesis of infertility and miscarriage is reviewed in the article. It is identified that healthy women have an increased expression of vascular - endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in epithelial cells and endometrial stroma during the phase of secretion. In chronic endometritis VEGF expression is more pronounced. In hhe endometrium of patients with infertility, the expression of VEGF is decreased. This is also the cause of early reproductive losses. Although the expression of the genes of placental growth factor is increased. It is determined the correlation between the level of VEGF in the blood serum and the endometrial thickness of the women with habitual pregnancy loss: the higher the level of vascular-endothelial growth factor, the thicker the endometrium. Such patients have an increased production of platelet and vascular-endothelial growth factor and reducing placental growth factor in the blood serum. It is determined an increased level of vascular-endothelial growth factor in the blood serum in the case of the tubal-peritoneal and the endocrine infertility. Moreover, the higher the level, the more favorable prognosis for IVF treatment. Also the level of VEGF is increased in the blood serum and in the peritoneal fluid of the women with infertility related to the endometriosis. Some authors point that the level of VEGF in the peritoneal fluid is higer than in the blood serum but others don’t discern the authentic distinction. The positive effect of the treatment of infertility by IVF is associated with the increase of the level of vascular - endothelial growth factor in the cervical mucus and in the antral follicles and also wiht the increase of the level of VEGFA in the stroma and epithelial layer of the endometrium and in the vascular endothelium. If patients have an angiogenesis’ gene polymorphism they have also the disturbance of endometrial perfusion much more often.