Central Diabetes Insipidus: Etiopathogenesis, Approaches to Diagnosis and Treatment
One ofthe clinical manifestations of changes in water-electrolyte metabolism is polyuria-polydipsia. It is also recognized as the main indication of central diabetes insipidus - a rare neuroendocrine disease caused by insufficient production of antidiuretic hormone, as a result of which the renal reabsorption of water decreases and the large amount of urine with a low relative density is excreted, while the fluid intake compensatorily increases. To diagnose the disease, the dry-eating test and the desmopressin test are used. In the case of all forms ofthe disease with insufficient production of antidiuretic hormone, replacement therapy is vital. Substitution therapy for central diabetes insipidus can be carried out with different dosage forms of desmopressin: intranasal, tablet and sublingual. With any treatment option, the therapeutic dose is selected individually.