Assessment of the pollution degree of the dnepr river and development of measures for its decrease
The basin of the Dnepr river (Ukraine) has more than 350 ponds for industrial waste water and sludge, which, in the absence of environmental protection measures, have a significant negative impact on the environment. The results of studies to determine the degree of the negative impact of ponds for industrial waste water and sludge on the water basin of the Dnepr river were given. It is revealed that the average annual concentrations of main pollutants exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations. The connection of pollution of the water basin with the flow of filtrates and surface flows from the territory of ponds for industrial waste water and sludges was defined. The migration path of filtrates with soluble compounds of heavy metals in soil was studied. The obtained data were used to develop the scheme of entry of heavy metal ions from industrial waste water into surface and ground waters, the volume of the pond for industrial waste water and sludge. The analysis of measures to improve the water quality in the Dnepr river in the area of location of one of the largest metallurgical enterprises in Ukraine - “Zaporizhstal” - was carried out. It is shown that to reduce the negative impact of waste water and sludges from the main processes of “Zaporizhstal” on the water basin of the Dnepr river, it is expedient to modernize the gas cleaning equipment of the sinter plant and hydrotechnical facilities of recirculating water supply cycle for wet gas cleaning of blast furnaces. The necessity of performing a set of research works for studying the properties of accumulated deposits of scale in the areas of its discharge into the sludge pond with the purpose of its further utilization is proven.