THE STUDY OF THE PROCESS OF THE ORIGIN OF COMMODITY ECONOMY IN RUSSIA IN THE MID XVII CENTURY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF POCHINKOVSKIY PATRIMONY OF BOYAR MOROZOV)
The article is devoted to the problems of origin in Russia in the mid-seventeenth century commodity economy, initiated the establishment of the Russian market on the example of analysis of economic structure, the domain of a boyar Boris Ivanovich Morozov, who was one of the largest landowners and entrepreneurs of his time. There was provided an information about the history of the emergence of settlements, the etymology of the name, the ethnic composition of the population. The characteristic of the basic branches of economy, that were developed in Pochinki, presented data on the number of existing outbuildings, livestock, number of peasants, as well as the types and sizes of duties, rushing them. The authors present data on proceeds are received of B. I. Morozov with this patrimony, which allows to make a conclusion about its cost-effectiveness. Raw material base in the form of huge forest areas have contributed to the development of Pochinkovskiy the birthplace of potash production, the demand for products which were not only within the country but also abroad. Potash production and horse breeding at the forefront of development which in Pochinki stood B. I. Morozov, in the following centuries was the basis of the economic life of the village and helped make it one of the largest trade centers not only in Nizhny Novgorod province, and the Russian Empire as a whole. The authors conclude that the high level of economic development estate in terms of commodity production of the XVII century, was achieved only through measures of extra-economic coercion of the peasants, legislative recognition through the establishment of serfdom the Sobornoye Ulozheniye 1649.