Analysis and Modeling of the Scientific-Technological Progress
The authors give a brief review of the existing approaches to modeling scientific-technological progress (STP) on the macro-level. The author’s model of STP is offered which in a certain sense is developing these known approaches. In this model, along with using the categories of the economic (basic) capital and human capital, the factors of the scientific-technological capital are operationalized, which has two levels. The first level refers to the fundamental capital responsible for the transition to the new technological waves and the second one refers to the applied capital determining the growth of the factor productivity within one technological mode. The results of the very first, experimental calculations are presented, both confirming the justice of the classical “golden rule” for savings and revealing the availability of the zone where investments into the scientific-technological capital are “superefficient”. On the base of the world statistics on the labor productivity dynamics, the hypothesis used in the model about two levels of STP is confirmed: change of one technological wave by the other and progress within one mode.