TEACHING DIFFICULTIES AND LINGUO-DIDACTIC DESCRIPTION OF RUSSIAN AND GERMAN LANGUAGES VOCALISM IN THE GEORGIAN AUDITORIUM
The subject of contrastive description in the article is the vowel systems of foreign - Russian and German languages and native - Georgian language. The learners of foreign languages make mistakes in pronunciation of phonemic type namely by the time of pronouncing the vowels, that is why, in the work, the emphasize is put on specifying the reasons of such mistakes. For this purpose, besides the implementation of theoretical study of vocal systems and articulation basis, the empiric analysis of pronunciation mistakes of students, who study foreign languages, is also made. As a result of the study, the existing partial similarities between Russian and Georgian vowel systems have been revealed (quantitative and qualitative composition of vocalism), that causes existence of not only negative transfer, but positive one as well. Irregularity of Russian pronunciation is mainly related to inadequate realization of consonants in a syllable (nonexistence of a vowel and palatalized/non-palatalized consonants in Georgian syllable). On the other hand, the significant differences of German vowels and articulation basis from the articulation skills of Georgian and Russian vowels, determine dominance of pronunciation mistakes of phonemic type and negative transfer during the process of speech in German. Those vowels and distinctive oppositions represent the main source of phonemic mistakes, which are relevant for German, but they do not exist in Russian and Georgian languages (long, closed and tense vowels, front labialized, non-labialized long vowels of tongue medium level). Negligence of articulation skills, typical for German language, is the source of emerging pronunciation mistakes of phonemic character (fronting articulation, in-touch capabilities with front lower teeth, existence of “additional resonator” between upper front teeth and upper lip, strong tension of speech organs, strong expiration of the air etc.), which causes: incorrect phonetic realization of reduced vowel, strengthening of a vowel, length of a closed vowel etc.