Historical retrospective of the origin and formation of orienteering
In this work, the history of the origin and formation of orienteering in Scandinavia and the USSR is investigated in chronological order. The author covers the brightest, significant dates and events in the evolutionary development of this sport.Relevance . The relevance of the research topic is due to: 1) the need for systematization, structuring and periodization of the history of the formation and development of orienteering in the world and in Russia; 2) the need to identify structural problems in the organization of orienteering and their leveling at the present stage; 3) the importance of preserving and popularizing historical knowledge about the evolution of the formation of orienteering.Problem, goals, objectives. At the present time, scientific literature is characterized by a lack of research devoted to the history of the formation and development of orienteering. At the same time, some of the studies are either extremely cumbersome and detailed, or, on the contrary, does not contain important enough information. In this connection, the author’s goal was the formation of an article, optimal in terms of volume and content, chronologically reflecting the most important events in the history of orienteering and the factors that caused them.Research methods . The work uses a comparative historical method, a cause-and-effect analysis of the links between historical events, typology.Conclusions and conclusion . The most important dates in the history of the origin, formation and development of orienteering are highlighted. Periodization of the history of orienteering in Scandinavia and the USSR is carried out. The historical process of orienteering progression from a tourist competition to a national sport is illustrated.