CREATING SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS WITH HIGH AGRONOMICALLY IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS AND RESISTANCE TO PATHOGENS
One of the reasons for the shortfall in the sunflower seed yield is a harmful effect of pathogens and pests, which is intensified by an excess of sunflower in crop rotation, failures in technology, changes in climate. A shortening of the crop rotation cycle increased losses from diseases from 10-15% to 35%, and in some favorable for the disease development years the loss due to white and dry rot only amounted to 70% or more. The aim of our research was the creation and selection, under variety testing, sunflower lines and hybrids which combine in one genotype traits of increased yield, seed quality, resistance to major fungal diseases. As a result of breeding and research phytopathological studied and created lines and sunflower hybrids, which combine genotype signs of increased yield, seed quality, resistance to major fungal diseases. In the competitive selection test selected samples, and marked by a group of relatively high resistance to brown and white rot. The results of field and laboratory studies have been leased lines and established on the basis sunflower hybrids that are characterized by high yield 2,45-3,69t / ha, standards and Jason visit the figure was 2,62-2,81t / ha respectively. All samples significantly exceeded the standard on 2,4- 3,5 kg/ha. Mass of 1000 seeds ranged 24,5-70,3 g, hybrid combinations that are presented in Table 3 exceeded the standard within probabilities. The accumulation of oil in the seed was at 52%, indicating a high genetic potential of parental components, allowing for further successful breeding. During the years of studying color samples with high fat content in the seeds, it is - ZL72A (50.74%) ZL70A. (51.62%), ZL344Rf (50.30%), ZL134Rf (49.80%). Along breeding, phytopathological research was carried out on a stationary synthetic artificial infectious background NAAS Institute of oilseeds during 2012-2014., Where he studied biological resistant to major fungal diseases of new and promising lines and sunflower hybrids. Most harmfull of fungal diseases were dry rot ( Rhyzopus nigricans Ehrend), and white mold ( Sclerotinia sclerotiorum de Bary). The standard used is not stable line ZL22A (Originator IEC) and hybrid Visit as relatively stable. In the evaluation of breeding material for resistance to pathogens sunflower samples divided by the level of intensity of diseases and their prevalence. Standing quite low for the southern steppe of Ukraine the level of infestation sunflower plants these pathogens. Thus, in 2012, when epiphytotic brown rot prevalence ranged from 5 to 75% in the intensity of disease from 1 to 7 points. Under optimal climatic conditions (2013-2014rr.), Brown rot spread from 0 to 35% in the intensity of the disease 0-3 points. Depending on the intensity of the samples sunflower white rot disease was located within a 0-5 score in 2012, 2014 Analyzing test results of samples of sunflower for resistance to brown rot ( Rhyzopus nigricans Ehrend) and white rot ( Sclerotinia sclerotiorum de Bary) proved that the smallest of the disease on plants acquired Firstborn hybrids, and Planet Prize. All accessions characterized by high yield, high quality seeds and the group stability relative to the brown and white rot.