Evaluation of the Efficiency of Promising Power-Supply Systems for an Agricultural District
In the Russian Federation, the length of agricultural power lines is about 2.8 million km (more than 80 % of the total length of power lines in the country). The technological progress of the systems of generation of the distributed systems and renewed energy sources raises the question of the expediency of retaining the traditional centralized system of power supply. The purpose of this study was to comparatively evaluate the effectiveness of promising power supply systems, in order to form the concept of development of the electricity systems in rural areas. The main research method was the method of normalized cost of electricity (LCOE). Additionally, we used the methods of energy analysis, algorithms, and software that make it possible to estimate energy safety of different systems of the power supply of the rural of regions with the use of the theory of illegible sets. The most cost-effective generation systems are decentralized sources of energy (gas mini-station (up to 4 kW)) and traditional systems of centralized power (LCOE from 5 to 6 RUB/kWh). The independent sources of power (the power is up to 1000 kW, coal, diesel fuel) have the LCOE rate from 8 to 10 RUB/kWh. For renewable energy sources (wind, solar) without connection to the electric networks the rate of LCOE ranges from 18 to 20 RUB/kWh. The system of the centralized power supply has a coefficient of energy security (CES) equal to 0.521, the power supply to household consumers on the basis of the autonomous solar power plant with a partial duplication by diesel power station (DPS) with a capacity of up to 4 kW the coefficient is 0.813. According to the results of energy analysis the most effective sources of generation, according to the LCOE index, are the autonomous electrical stations, working on the qualitative fuel (distillates, gas) and having the summary expenditures of energy in the life cycle lower by 10-20 % than the centralized energy sources. A prospective structure of the generating sources should be based on a combination of different sources of electricity: centralized (70 %) and dispersed generation (30 %). Autonomous sources of the power supply based on solar photovoltaic power plants can become the major sources of electricity for 20-35 % of household consumers.