MOSAIC SOCIOLOGY IN LENINGRAD
The article is devoted to clarifying the real situation and the role of sociological schools in the Soviet period, in particular, about the Leningrad sociological school distinguished in the Russian sociological community. Its representatives made a significant contribution to the development of Soviet sociology. The question of the “Leningrad sociological school” allows problematizing the research situation in the use of approaches to the reconstruction and explanation of the history of sociology in Russia, as well as on the interpretation of the process of formation and development of Russian sociology. In Leningrad, a whole number of sociological schools were formed: the Leningrad school of empirical studies of labor and production (A. G. Zdravomyslov, O. I. Shkaratan, V. A. Yadov); the Leningradschool of sociology of science (S. A. Kugel, I. А. Mayzel, M. G. Lazar, I. I. Leyman); Leningrad school of sociology history B. A. Chagin, I. A. Golosenko, A. A. Galaktionov, P. F. Nikandrov); Leningrad school of sociology of youth (V. A. Lisovsky, S. N. Ikonnikov); Leningrad group of media studies (B. M. Firsov); Leningrad school of sociology of family and Sexuality (I. S. Kon, S. I. Golod); Leningrad school of social research of the city (M. N. Mezhevich, I. I. Sigov); Leningrad school of social development and planning of enterprises and regions (V. Ya. Elmeev, 1965-1968 - organizer and director of the Research Institute of complex social research at the Leningrad State University; B. Ryaschenko, E. P. Yudin). The revival of sociology in the Soviet society of the 1950s was due to a variety of external and internal factors. The economic, social, and political imperatives of the late and post-Stalin period were external to the social sciences or social studies. The internal factors were the level of education of the population, ideology, the growth of professional qualifications, the achievements of science, mass culture, and the media. The second half of the twentieth century, after a break of almost thirty years since the beginning of the 1920s, was marked by the restoration of sociology in a new form. The picture of the formation and development of Soviet sociology is contradictory. The available literaturegives completely diﬀerent interpretations of Soviet sociology.