Quality of the different multicomponent feed mixtures on irrigated lands of the dry steppe zone of the Volga region
The purpose of the research was to obtain high-quality feed multicomponent mixtures cultivated by resource-saving technology on irrigated lands in the dry steppe zone of the Volga region. We presented the results of our research on the quality of four- and five-component feed mixtures with the introduction in their composition of one or two leguminous crops. Long-term studies were conducted on irrigated fields in development and production facilities Volzhniigim (2013-2017), the results are introduced in the farms of OOO “Berezovskoe” (Engels district of the Saratov region), AF “Volga” and “Meliorator” (Marksovsky district of the Saratov region We estimated soil on the experimental field contained: nitrogen - 1.67 mg per kg, phosphorus - 3.34 mg per kg and potassium - 41.3 mg per kg, and humus - 2.8% that is the optimal conditions for growing five-component feeds containing digestible protein satisfying the needs of the diet of cattle. According to the agrochemical analysis of soils, NPK amount in the experimental field remained at about the same level and became even higher by the end of the growing season due to the soil enrichment with available N from the formed rhizobial complex on the root system of legumes. The nitrogen content in the soil under the five-component feed mixture after mowing was higher than under the four-component. Irrigation regime is defined and differentiated for multicomponent feed mixtures by moistureconsuming phases of growth and development of leguminous crops 70-80-70 % NW. In the feed production on irrigated lands of the Volga region, we recommended to use five-component feed mixtures with the inclusion in their composition of traditional forage crops: sorghum + Sudanese grass + sunflower and two leguminous crops with a high protein content: soybean + vetch. This allows receiving feed mixtures enriched fully digestible protein. The resource-saving technological process of cultivation of a five-component forage mixture provides a balanced feed with a yield up to 50 t per ha and more of a herbage with a protein content at least 110 g per a nutrient unit.