PRESERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY OF THE BIOBANK OF ESPECIALLY DANGEROUS INFECTIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
The article presents data on formation and preservation of biodiversity in the conditions of biobank of especially dangerous microorganisms in the Central Reference Laboratory. Life cycle and documentation of the biobank are automated in the electronic system of control over pathogenic microorganisms for analysis, inventory, making a catalogue and satisfaction of scientific interests of its users. Differentiated storage in the biobank is carried out taking into account species, ecological, geographical, phenotypic and genotypic variation of pathogens. The aim. Carrying out a scientific search of literary sources on the functioning of biobanks in the world for the conservation of biodiversity in the conditions of the biobank of the National scientific center of especially dangerous infections (NSCEDI) for scientific and practical purposes. Material and methods. Literary review of Scopus, Thomson Reuter, Google Scholar databases was conducted. The search depth is 5 years (2014-2015). A total of 362 sources were found, of which 40 were selected for further analysis and normative documents were used. The reasons for inclusion in the study were keywords: biobank and collection of microorganisms in microbiology, infectious diseases, to exclude tuberculosis, HIV infection. Results and discussion. The species composition of microorganisms is increased and preservation by ex situ (out of the natural foci of especially dangerous infections) and consolidation of biomaterials and samples for final identification at the Central Reference Laboratory of the NSCEDI. Globalization and the development of tourism, migration have increased the risk of importation of especially dangerous infections in the country. Conclusions. Depositories of especially dangerous microorganisms form a microbial collection (biobank) that preserves the species and genetic diversity of microorganisms for scientific potential in accordance to the national and international standards.