Ethical aporia of organ donation development
Aim. The Aim of the article is to investigate the ethical and epistemological problems that have arisen in recent years in connection with the emergence of incidents that have caused the problematization of traditional approaches to the definition and ascertainment of death (in particular, cases that reflect the history of Jahi McMath and Anahita Meshkin) and the spread in the West such practices, as «controlled donation» and «donation after euthanasia». Materials and methods. The article uses the method of socio-ethical analysis and the bioethical case study methodology. Results. The analysis of the development of ethical support for the practice of organ donation is presented. Conclusion. The conclusion is made about the pronounced liberalization of the ethics of organ donation, characterized by the dictates of local moral contingency, linguistic manipulations with the categories of «gift», «harm», «autonomy» and the threat of trends in technological instrumentality in the system of development of transplantology and organ donation with the initial minimum of ethical grounds.