OVERVIEW OF MAIN DIRECTIONS OF USING GIS TECHNOLOGIES IN HISTORICAL AND CARTOGRAFHICAL RESEARCH
The purpose of this article is to review the main directions of using GIS technologies in historical research. For this purpose, the theoretical and applied aspects of GIS application in historical research, examples of various GIS projects on historical topics are considered. The process of forming database of historical sources is described in specific examples. The main directions and possibilities of GIS application in historical science are revealed. Examples of application of GIS technologies in historical studies of natural landscape, cultural landscape, socio-economic phenomena, trade routes and travel routes, as well as the use of GIS technologies in the study of local, regional and national history are given. This study uses analytical-synthetic and descriptive methods. The result concluded that the map serves as the basis for many studies, including historical and GIS technologies help to improve the methods of historical research as they are applied in historical research at the stage of information processing, at the stage of verification of the scientific hypothesis put forward, and at the stage of registration of the results obtained in the study. Informativity and visualization, technological novelty and user-friendly interface make it possible to perceive modern cartographic works as cognitive and educational models.