EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF COMBINED UNITS FOR SPRING SOIL CULTIVATION AND SOWING IN FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF CIS-BAIKAL REGION
The article presents the results of three years research (2015 - 2017) on the problem of selecting the most effective methods of spring basic tillage for annual grasses (pea + oats) for green mass and repeated wheat plantings. The work was carried out in the experimental plot in JSC “Sibirskaya Niva” of the Irkutsk region on a typical gray forest, heavy loamy soil in a steaming crop rotation with the steam occupied: steam occupied (pea + oats) - wheat - wheat. Under the peas - oats after wheat, 5 variants of spring tillage on 2 fertilizer backgrounds were studied. It was found that on heavy loamy, gray forest soils, the methods of spring basic cultivation with KPI cultivators are 3.8 to a depth of 8 - 10 cm and direct sowing with the sowing complex Ob-4 for annual grasses and repeated sowing of wheat contribute to better moisture retention compared to spring fallow, but are inferior to it in the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen. The arid years of spring fallow and surface treatments ensure an equal yield of green mass of pea - owls, and normal spring watering is more effective than conventional spring plowing to a depth of 20 - 22 cm. Repeated wheat is more efficient than direct sowing or surface cultivating treatment of the soil. Mineral fertilizers are effective in all years, and herbicides in drought years reduce the yield of wheat. The addition of fertilizers in a dose of N45P45 K45 significantly exceeded the increments from processing techniques, and in absolute fertilizer results a large increase was provided in a well-moistened 2016 year. The yield of spring wheat on an average for three years also depended on both methods of tillage, and on levels of chemicalization.