BINDING OF FUSARIOTOXINS BY BIOSORBENTS: A METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF ADSORPTION ABILITY
Contamination of feed with natural mycotoxins is an unavoidable condition of serious concern in intensive production. To reduce the effects of intoxication, mycotoxin adsorbents are introduced into the feed. There are many toxigenic Fusarium species that can produce a wide variety of mycotoxins. Therefore, it is advisable to consider the effectiveness of the use of adsorbents precisely with the combined effect of simultaneously occurring Fusarium toxins. In the present study, the adsorption capacity of 4 samples of biosorbents against fusariotoxins (T-2 toxin, zearalenone, fumonisin B1) with separate and joint application was studied in vitro by the method of enzyme immunoassay. The adsorption of fusariotoxins was studied at different pH values (2, 8) and equal concentrations of mycotoxins (0.001 % to adsorbent). The amount of fusariotoxins bound by adsorbents was calculated from the difference between the initial and final concentrations of T-2 toxin, zearalenone, and fumonisin B1 in the supernatant. To obtain potential adsorbents, strain 574 of P. mucilaginosus which is an efficient producer of exopolysaccharides was used. Sterilized bentonite and zeolite were used as a carrier. In a comparative aspect, the adsorption of fusariotoxins by biosorbents with mono and associated application decreased against zearalenone by 3.0; 9.0; 7.5; 6.0 %, T-2 toxin - 1.0; 3.6; 2.0; 1.4 %, fumonisin B1 - 4.7; 8.8; 9.2; 10.5% respectively. The results of the desorption study showed that when changing the pH from acidic to alkaline, biosorbents formed the most fragile complexes with T-2 toxin, the losses of which amounted to 12.7, 15.7, 14.1, 6.2%. A decrease in adsorption capacity by 2.1 - 11.6 % is also shown with the simultaneous introduction of three fusariotoxins in an alkaline medium.