IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF COMBINED IRRIGATION METHODS
Increasing the efficiency of combined methods of irrigation is possible with the use of new technical means of spraying dispersed water. Changing the size of the droplets device to create a gas-droplet jet allows more efficient use of irrigation water with fine sprinkling during the growing season. The combined irrigation allows the flexibility to adjust the moisture reserves in the soil for optimum temperature and humidity of the surface air. For the most effective use of irrigation equipment should take into account the conditions of each natural and economic zone, biological characteristics of irrigated crops, and the phase of their development. Humidification of crops by norms of 1,5-2 m3 / ha during air drought can significantly reduce the damage. Periodic repeated spraying in the hottest time of the day, when the air temperature exceeds 25°C, can reduce the impact of temperature stress on plants and increase yields up to 20%. Humidification of the surface layer of air is carried out by spraying water with drops up to 500 microns in diameter in the hot time of the day from 11 o'clock to 17 o'clock. The interval between the flooding of approximately one hour. A device for creating a gas-droplet jet has been developed. The device has the ability to separate the gas-droplet jet into fractions - large-droplet to moisten the soil cover and fine-dispersed for the leaf surface of plants and the surface layer of air at a controlled range of the gas-droplet jet. The irrigation network for regulation of the field phytoclimate taking into account the wind rose is proposed. Aerosol generators for irrigation pipelines placed in 50 m. the remote control System each generator creates an opportunity for more rational regulation of micro phytoclimate on the field by applying different schemes of inclusion of the aerosol generator. To obtain the most effective soil-moistening effect in combination with the improvement of the microclimate, a combined micro-irrigation device has been developed that allows switching the water supply to different water outlets (for drip irrigation or for micro-irrigation) by means of a short-term increase in the pressure in the irrigation network.