Baikal nature as a basis of architectural formarion of tourist complexes
The article is devoted to some results of the dissertation research on the theme "Architecture of tourist and recreational complexes in the natural landscapes of Lake Baikal" and the theme of forming the architecture of tourist complexes influenced of natural and climatic factors and unique landscapes of Lake Baikal.Baikal territory differ drom the neightbouring Trans-Baikal and other Siberian territories. The nature and climate of lake Baikal define characteristic tupes of tourist and recreational facilities, especially accommodation facilities and buildings on the coast, as well as the spatial and structural solutions, characteristic of the region. The recreation center is one of the most characteristic types of tourist and recreational complex on Lake Baikal. The author considers the features of accommodation of recreation centers in the coastal territories. Four natural climatic zones are distinguished during the research: Northern Baikal, Southern Baikal, Baikal Heart, Central Baikal, their distinctive features are described. The author considers the main natural and climatic factors that influence the formation of architecture in the territory under consideration, and outlines the main architectural methods used under the influence of these factors. The main natural factors include the availability of water resources, climate features, the duration of sunshine, wind and ice regime, features of the relief, unique natural landscapes of the territory. The following techniques used for sun protection have been identified: the use of sunscreens, roof overhangs, a small glazing area, balconies, canopies, loggias, the orientation of buildings to the sides of the world. To protect from wind, we use: steep roofs, screens from plants or relief, compact, stable and streamlined forms, open base. Proximity to the water area determines the location of objects taking into account specific points, orientation of the internal planning to the water area of the residential and living area, the conversion of facade buildings to water. The article also touches upon the integration of complexes into natural landscapes, the need to improve their aesthetic and functional interaction, as well as the conservation and renewal of natural resources in the process of construction and reconstruction. The article describes the main features characterizing the architecture of tourist-recreational complexes in the Baikal territories, and covers design issues and the necessary solutions.