Metatheory: the Social-Cultural and Contextual Determinantof M.M. Bakhtin’s Dialogism
The article analyzes the social-cultural and contextual foundations of M.M. Bakhtin's dialogism. It is proved that the understanding of psychological phenomenology, in general, andofthephenomenologyof M.M. Bakhtin’swork, in particular, involves the identification oftheunderlying interdeterminants, the interaction of which leads to the emergence of a new quality that is not represented in the simple sum of the components of the whole. Dialogue is defined as a mechanism for achieving balance. The characteristics of the social-cultural context are articulated, which contribute to creative insight.The purpose of the article is to reveal the social-cultural context of Vitebsk Region during M.M. Bakhtin's stay there.Material and methods. The methodological basis of the research is the provisions of the author's social-cultural interdeterministic metatheory of the integration of psychological knowledge. The research method is the psychohistorical reconstruction of the social-cultural context. The research material was the scientific works of M.M. Bakhtin.Findings and their discussion. The article reveals environmental (or situational) contexts (conditions) taking into account the individual psychological characteristics of a person which performs certain activities in specific conditions (chronotopes), the combination of which ensures the acquisition of a qualitative state of balance in interaction with the external and internal world.Conclusion. Plunging into the social-cultural context of Vitebsk Region during M.M. Bakhtin's stay there, it can be concluded that it contributed to his creative insights due to the presence of: 1) the similarities of the semiotic space of the community (it is impossible to be understood by those who do not understand the meanings of what has been said); 2) dialogical relationships with others (truth is born in a dialogue with equals); 3) existential support by the loved ones, which made it possible to overcome the suffering caused by ailments; 4) social demand for the products of intellectual activity of the author; 5) possibilities for materialization of ideas (publications).