Applied aspects of x-ray and morphometric studies of the alveolar part of the lower jaw in adults with a physiological bite. Molar-mandibular segments (Part IV)
Based on the analysis of 79 intravital computed tomograms in coronary projection and pathomorphological studies of 34 certified skulls with lower jaws belonging to men of the first and second periods of adulthood with a full set of permanent teeth, physiological occlusion without signs of bone tissue pathology, a quantitative assessment of morphometric parameters and levels of optical the density of the molar mandibular segments. Also, according to the results of 3D-reconstructions of computed tomograms, the level of mineral density of the trabecular bone tissue of the molar mandibular segments, in relation to the density of the roots of the large molars of the lower jaw, was studied. The systematization of morphometric studies revealed the prevailing anatomical and topographic features of the molar mandibular segments, taking into account the surface (vestibular, lingual), structure (spongy, compact substance), departments (upper, middle, lower), as well as two-dimensional (cross-sectional area in the medial and distal norms) and three-dimensional (bone volume) indicators. The data from the analysis of computed tomographic studies have made it possible to substantiate key patterns in evaluating the mineral density of molar mandibular segments. It has been proved that the density level of the roots of the molars of the mandibular segments is inferior to the mineral density parameters of the buttresses of the lower jaw, and the optical density of the trabecular bone in the region of the interdental spaces and the density of the roots of the molars are equal. The formed reference intervals of the mineral density indices of the structures that make up the molar-mandibular segments (bone tissue of the interdental spaces, the roots of molars) of practically healthy people are advisable to use as key diagnostic signs for identifying conditions of reversible bone resorption (gingivitis) or inflammatory and destructive forms (periodontitis).