TREE ONION VARIETY IVAN-TSAREVICH AND THE ELEMENTS OF VARIETAL GROWING TECHNOLOGY
Vegetables are always in great demand among the population. Onion crops used by humans grow in the wild and are grown in kitchen gardens and commercially. Intensive use of wild species of onion crops leads to decrease of their distribution scale or even extinction. In this regard, the problem of protecting wild-growing species of onion crops arises, since the loss of even one species is an irreparable loss for the biological diversity of the Earth. One way to conserve species is to introduce them into culture, develop varieties and grow them in kitchen gardens or commercially. The goal of this research is to develop a new variety of tree onions and develop the elements of varietal growing technology based on the biological features of the species. This paper describes a new tree onion variety Ivan-tsarevich released in 2019. This variety is an early-ripening one with a period from mass leaf growth to the beginning of economic suitability from 20 to 22 days. The variety is highly winter-hardy, with a high yield of green leaves up to 30.0 t ha. For more effective introduction of the crop and variety into culture under the conditions of the Altai Region’s Ob River area, special studies were carried out to identify the optimal dates of planting aerial bulblets of the tree onion variety Ivan-tsarevich variety. Three dates of planting aerial bulblets were studied and it was found that the growth of aerial bulblets in the experiment varied depending on the planting dates in the range of 95-98%. Their maximum growth was found on the first planting date of August 15 and amounted to 98%. The planting dates had an impact on the formation of the number of leaves on a plant. More favorable conditions for growth and development during the late summer planting period (August 15) contributed to the formation of a greater number of leaves on a plant - 4.3 pcs. Thus, it was found that the new variety of tree onion Ivan-tsarevich is a promising one for growing green onions. Depending on the cultivation techniques, the yields of this variety are different.