PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING AS A WAY TO ACTIVATE COGNITIVE ACTIVITY IN THE DISCIPLINE "MATERIALS SCIENCE"
At present, it is simply necessary to look for new ways and means for implementing training programs in accordance with new standards. At the same time, modern education is aimed at the formation of a strong personality, able to live and work in a continuously changing world. Problem training is a type of developmental learning, in which the independent systematic search activity of students must be combined with assimilation of the ready-made conclusions of science. The process of interaction between teaching and self-study is focused on the formation of the worldview of students, their cognitive independence, persistent motivations of learning and mental (including creative) abilities in the course of mastering them scientific concepts and modes of activity determined by a system of problem situations. The process of learning as a creative process involves, first of all, the discovery of a new: new objects, new knowledge, new problems, new methods from solutions. At the same time, problematic learning as a creative activity is a search for the solution of non-standard problems by non-standard methods. If training tasks are offered to students to consolidate knowledge and skills, the problematic task is always to find a new solution. The essence of the problem interpretation of the teaching material is that the teacher does not communicate knowledge in a ready-made form, but confronts the students with problematic tasks, prompting them to look for ways and means to solve them. The problem itself paves the way for new knowledge and modes of action.