Criminological Characteristics of Crimes That Infringeon the Illegal Extraction (Catch) of Aquatic Biological Resources and Violation of the Rules for Their Protection
The relevance: in today's ecologically unstable conditions of Russian society, issues related to the possibility of preserving and multiplying ecological systems and ensuring constant monitoring of certain environmental quality are of particular importance. The preservation of aquatic biological resources and prevention of violations of the rules for their protection are set as a priority task for law enforcement agencies, since the effect of its implementation affects the economic security of the Russian Federation. Thus, over the past two decades alone, the catch of sturgeon in the Volga river and the Caspian sea has decreased by more than 20 times, Sevryuga - by 12 times and Beluga - by 8 times. Significant depletion of fish resources is also observed in the Azov-black sea basin and the far East. In view of the above, the protection and maintenance of natural resources are an urgent direction in the functioning of the state and society. The purpose of the study is to use the necessary methodological basis to consider the features of criminological characteristics of crimes that infringe on the illegal extraction (catch) of aquatic biological resources and violation of the rules for their protection. The methods of the study: dialectics, analysis, synthesis, formal-logical, modeling, concrete-historical, formal-legal. The conclusions: study of the social and legal nature of criminalization of acts that infringe on the illegal extraction (catch) of aquatic biological resources and violation of the rules for their protection included in Chapter 26 of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation (art . 256-257, 2581), contributed to the consideration in this article of the totality of reasons and conditions for the Commission of these illegal acts, socio-economic factors, as well as socio-criminological characteristics of this type of crime and specific statistical data, which allowed the author to state the following: illegal fishing of aquatic biological resources is mainly carried out by men (99 %). This is possible due to the specific features of this type of crime, which require good physical data, certain skills and abilities. At the same time, the study showed the need to classify individuals whose age exceeds the age threshold of 60 years who commit illegal fishing, usually in order to improve their financial situation, into an independent group.