Raising of a repair joung growth of a dairy cattle of Yaroslavl region
One of basic factors of the breeding work defining level of dairy efficiency of cows is the organisation of correct intensive raising of a repair joung growth. The system of raising of a joung growth should provide probably fuller realisation of hereditary bents of animals in the course of their growth and development. Their ratio defines type of an animal, which, in turn, depends on conditions of its individual development. For building of highly productive herds with duration of use not less than 4-5 calvings, with good fruitfulness of cows it is necessary to introduce the intensive system of raising of repair heifers. The basic criteria of this system are: daily average gains on the raising periods, alive mass of heifers at the age of 15-17 months (depending on a breed) and age of a physiological and economic maturity (age of 1st fertilization). Acceleration of a turnover of herd allows reducing an interval between generations that raises efficacy of selection-breeding work. In the article, the analysis of the basic indicators of raising of a joung growth of dairy breeds of horned cattle is resulted. In Yaroslavl region in the period of 2003 till 2013 the age of the first fertilization (fruitful coupling) of heifers decreased by 2,9 months (from 22 down to 19,1 months): the Yaroslavl breed - by 3,0 months (from 22,2 down to 19,2 months), black-motley breed - by 1,7, Ayrshire - by 0,8, Holstein - by 0,4, heifers of Mikhailovsky type of the Yaroslavl breed - by 1,4 months. The alive mass of heifers at the first fertilization increased on the average in region by 19 kg (from 348 to 367 kg): black-motley breed - by 23 kg, the Yaroslavl breed - by 18 kg. At heifers of Ayrshire, Holstein breed and Mikhailovsky type of the Yaroslavl breed there was a decrease by 10, 14 and 15 kg accordingly.