Productivity of winter soft wheat varieties in the arid part of the south of Russia
ёIn the Republic of Kalmykia industry crop production is not a priority, but the production of grain and especially winter wheat in the spotlight. In the structure of gross grain production, the share of winter wheat in the last 10-20 years accounted for 65.7 to 79.6%. The reason is that winter wheat is better than other grain crops uses bioclimatic potential in the arid conditions of its cultivation.The main task for farmers to obtain consistently high grain yield with good quality. To implement this task it is necessary to use all of the available resources in the technological complex of grain production. One of such reserves is the introduction in production of new and promising varieties of winter wheat, most adapted to local soil and climatic conditions.Kalmyk research Institute of agriculture in cooperation with Krasnodar research Institute of agriculture for a long time the work on testing and establishment of winter wheat varieties in hard soil-climatic conditions. In this paper, based on the study of 125 winter wheat varieties various breeding institutions the possibility of obtaining stable yields with high quality grain. Identified the most productive varieties and breeding lines with an average yield of 22.4-24,9 kg/ha of grain.Set the response of varieties and lines on sharply varying hydrothermal conditions of the vegetation period, the most adapted to local conditions varieties - Dong 107. Bulgun, Chaser, Captain, Esculenta, 629/10. Studied the quality of the grain, formed in different hydrothermal conditions of the vegetation period. It is established that under extreme conditions the 2014 growing season cultivars formed grain with most of the high physico-chemical characteristics. With the improvement of vegetation conditions (increasing precipitation - 2015-2013) there was clearly a tendency to reduce the quality of grain of the studied cultivars, especially for the amount of protein, gluten and its quality. Set of varieties that form the grain high standards - Bulgun, Chaser, Esculenta