The use of group and fracture composition of iron for the diagnosis of formation and evolution of soils of technogenic landscapes of Kuzbass mountain taiga belt
Group and fracture composition of iron in the soil profile of both natural and man-made landscapes is of diagnostic value, expressing various subsurface processes. Sensitivity to changes in iron redox conditions, the ability to form different compounds with organic acids, susceptibility to hydrolysis define one of its main properties: the ability to reflect different stages of the soil formation process. Group composition of iron embryozems and background brown taiga soils in the mountain taiga belt of Kuzbass has some genetic similarities, which allowed to determine the type of soil formation. This is manifested in the following: a) the prevalence of silicate iron over non-silicate shows a low degree of rock weathering which depends on the substrate stone content and time of soil formation; b) amorphous iron accumulates in organic horizons, represented mainly by iron-organic fracture, for the mountain taiga zone biogenically accumulates iron in the transformation of plant litter by intensive accumulation, mineralization and humification of the organic matter and the climatic conditions favorable to these processes; c) the process of transition of the amorphous fractures into crystallized is reversible: amorphous  crystallized. Given this evidence, we define two areas of soil cover. In the open shallow areas of anthropogenic landscape the change of phytoce-nosis succession and, hence, the development of the soils goes from the initial to the organic accumulation stage, and then to the turf and the most genetically advanced, humus-accumulative stages. The development of soil goes from the initial to the organic-accumulative stage under the artificially planted trees in overgrown forest areas, as well as on the slopes. Under favorable conditions, given that the type of soil formation is burozem-formation under forest vegetation, a new subtype of soil man-made landscapes is projected to form: burozem-like embryozems. Since disturbed landscapes of the mountain taiga zone restore all cenoses by the zonal type, with formation of secondary deciduous forests and, ultimately, taiga, the evolution of soil should also come by the zonal type. Thus, until taiga is formed, the soil cover assumes embryozems of all types, including burozem-like. The study determined the trend of soil formation in man-made landscapes of the mountain taiga belt of Kuzbass, showing that the development of the type of soil is burozem-formation and other processes, found that over time the rate of soil formation is reduced; identified two areas of soil formation: embryozems initial  organic-accumulative  bu-rozem-like; embryozems initial  organic-accumulative  turfy  humus-accumulative.