Soviet Russia Policy in Relation to Countries of the Middle East in Early 1920-ies
The article analyses the policy of Soviet Russia in Asia, particularly in Persia, at the time of completion of the formation of Versailles-Washington system of international relations. Special attention is paid to the attempts of the Comintern to expand the area of influence of the Soviet state by supporting revolutionary and anti-imperialist movement in the East. Assistance to the national uprisings and attempts to create a Soviet Republic in the North of Persia are considered. It is noted that the emphasis is both on the Communist and national-democratic movement in the region. It is proved that the experiment of establishment of Soviet power in Persia was decided to collapse for a number of reasons: first, the ideas of communism was alien to the Persian people, and secondly, the Soviet government acknowledged the need to improve relations with England, thirdly, the Bolsheviks gave priority to national interests over the solution of international problems. It is shown that friendly relations was established with the Central Persian government after the conclusion of the Anglo-Soviet Treaty of 1921 and the fall of Gilan Soviet Republic. The Bolshevik leadership shifted to the improvement of relations with the national ruling circles and the creation of a unified anti-imperialist front of all national forces of Persia.