AUTOMATED PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS OF SOWING MACHINES TO SEEDERS OF PRECISE SEED SOWING
Modern intensive farming led to a significant increase in agricultural production. In all countries, pure (single-species) crops dominate, causing many problems in agriculture. Single-species agro-systems are highly productive, but potentially unstable, since they depend entirely on significant resources from outside. There are several ways of diversifying agroecosystems. One of the most promising areas is the introduction into practice of combined crops. The paper has studied and analyzed various technologies for sowing seeds from several crops simultaneously on the same area in a single row. The paper has studied and analyzed various technologies for sowing seeds from several crops simultaneously on the same area in a single row. The characteristics of pneumatic seed drills of dotted sowing working both on vacuum and overpressure of air flow are given. The first include the designs of seeders of domestic production in the type of SUPN-8, in which significant changes are made, to the second - the seeders of the German company «Becker», in which the above changes completely exclude the possibility of damage to the seeds. A pneumatic sowing device is presented that allows sowing three crops at the same time as placing them at different depths of sowing, as well as a device capable of sowing in three ways: dotted, nested and combined. Developed pneumatic sowing machines for combined and nesting crops allow to simplify the design and increase the operational reliability of the device, improve the ecology, obtain fuel economy, eliminate seed damage. Seeders equipped with automated pneumatic systems are able to increase the yield of silage by 20-30 %, improve the quality of feed for livestock and save crop areas by cultivating several crops on the same field. The design of the device allows you to place seeds of different cultures in one row and at different depths of embedding. The novelty in this work is the simultaneous sowing of two crops simultaneously in one row at different depths of the embankment with different schemes and step-by-sowing, confirmed by patents for the invention.