The survey of methods and technologies implementing the processes of ecological renovation of damaged soil ecosystems
This article discusses the methods and technologies used for ecological renovation of damaged soil ecosystems in the Baltic Sea region. Soil is one of the most important components of the natural environment, being the habitat of plants, animals, bacteria and fungi. Also, soil has a very important function of a buffer and a detoxicant receiving industrial and municipal emissions. Therefore, soil needs to be constantly renewed and rehabilitated. The article considers the main threats to soil ecosystems, including soil erosion, pollution with toxic substances and land alienation for various construction activities, salinization, waterlogging and desertification. In respose to each threat, modern technologies for renovation of soil ecosystems are proposed. These technologies provide anti-erosion measures, methods for combating soil contaminants (phytoremediation, fertilization and introduction of bacterial agents, chemical detoxification, flotation etc.) and waterlogging (drainage amelioration, deep plowing etc.), as well as methods for restoring alienated lands and increasing soil fertility. The wide range of rehabilitation measures presented allows choosing the most suitable methods for renovation of disturbed soil ecosystems under specific climatic conditions.