Development of the Quarantine Service of the Mia of the Russian Empire in the XIX - Beginning of the XX Centuries
The purpose of the article is to study the features of the formation and development of the quarantine service in pre-revolutionary Russia. The object of research is the public relations associated with the activities of the implementation of the quarantine regime. At the same time, the subject of research is the regulatory legal acts regulating the activities of the quarantine service of the Russian Empire, materials from periodicals. Within the framework of the research methodology, using historical-legal, comparative-legal and comparative-historical methods, an analysis of the activities of units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire related to the organization and implementation of quarantine measures was carried out. Particular attention is paid to the creation of the quarantine department of the Ministry of Police (since 1819 - the Ministry of Internal Affairs). The authors have studied in sufficient detail the structure, functions, powers and normative basis of the activities of the quarantine department for the implementation of the quarantine regime, the role of quarantine institutions in the prevention of epidemic diseases in Russia is shown. Based on a number of factors, an assessment is made of the activities of the quarantine management units created in 1866 - quarantine agencies and quarantine councils. It is concluded that the quarantine service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire, as one of the units that contributed to the protection of «public health», has gone through a rather long and very difficult path of development. The effectiveness of its activities was inextricably linked with the entire system of sanitary-epidemiological and veterinary supervision of the empire that existed at that time, with all its disadvantages and advantages.