The history and modern condition of the urban fieldfare ( <i>Turdus pilaris</i> L.) population in Kaliningrad
This article examines the history of formation of fieldfare population in Kaliningrad and describes its current condition. The fieldfare population density during the 2010-2013 nesting period was 0-1.5 breeding pairs/10 hecares in urban forests, 1.1-3.7 b. p./10 ha in city parks, and; 0-1 b. p./10 ha in city streets. The dynamics of nesting density in peripheral abandoned parks is characterized by a clear negative trend, whereas, in cultivated city parks, nesting density has significantly increased since the beginning of the 21 <sup>st</sup> century. Despite the significant expansion of city habitat and population growth in the first decade of the 21 <sup>st</sup> century, the fieldfare population in Kaliningrad remains small and slightly exceeds 170 pairs across the city territory. Some factors affecting the formation of urban populations are discussed.