Genetic Diversity of Cows of Yaroslavl Breed on Farms of the Yaroslavl Region
For increasing the compatibility of the Yaroslavl breed of cattle it is necessary to evaluate the genetic structure in the area of their distribution as well as to define the level of genetic differentiation that will allow to choose the optimal strategy in keeping and qualitative improvement of the Yaroslavl breed. For speeding up the selection process and increasing its efficiency in selecting farm animals it is necessary to introduce genetic markers as additional criteria. The genetic diversity of cows of the Yaroslavl breed has been investigated. Material in Yaroslavl region for the experiment was the blood samples of 130 cows of the Yaroslavl breed. By comparing the main parameters of genetic polymorphism of cows it has been stated that in all samples under analysis the share of polymorphic locuses was 23,81% and varied in the range from 8,97 to 60,26% in specimen bred on different farms, the number of amplicons having also been stated. For each group the figures of supposed heterozygosis have been defined, the variations of which ranged from 0,03 to 0,075. For quantitative evaluation of the stage of proximity of the groups analyzed the coefficient of genetic distance was calculated. Genetic distance by comparing the groups under analysis in pairs ranged from 0,003 to 0,044. On the base of multidimensional data by the method of the main coordinates (PCoA) the graph has been built, showing the level of intergroup differentiation in cows of the Yaroslavl breed. By the competitive analysis on two ISSR-markers of the Yaroslavl breed cows genofond farms with a richer genofond have been found, the genetic structure of the population of cows analyzed has been defined and the genetic differentiations of the animals have been compared. In the result of the research farms with the populations of cows close or rather differing in their genetic structure have been found.