PHYSIOLOGICAL-GENETIC MECHANISMS OF IMPROVEMENT OF PLANT ARCHITECTONICS OF BUCKWHEAT GENOTYPES BY MEANS OF INDEX SELECTION
A module approach was used, that is breeding for interaction of indices that contribute the most to yield. Therefore scientific research in buckwheat breeding was aimed at detection of traits, that contribute the most to yield and are least dependent on environment, and also at determining action and interaction of genes, that control these traits, and methods of replacement of yield trait as a result of regulator genes breeding. It turned out that such traits are indexes selection of the grain number inflorescences, attraction and grain outcome from overall buckwheat plant biomass. They have the following advantages: minimal variability, high level of inheritance, high interdependence with integral yield trait. Creation of new genotypes using presented scheme ensured change of plant architectonics of new genotypes, which induces change of intensity of physiological processes in direction of transfer of assimilates to generative mass, intensification of productivity even under stress conditions. Using module approach, varieties "Astra", "Lilea", "Antaria", "Oranta", "Volia" were created. These varieties are grown on majority (about 70 %) of buckwheat crop areas in Ukraine.