OIL-ALTERNATIVE OF HUMANITY
We consider the position of the main mineral of the planet oil in a world where oil is a leader in global fuel and energy sector, but also forms the basis of the petrochemical industry. Oil in detail described as minerals. Reviewed its composition and physico-chemical properties. Analyzed the distribution of oil reservoirs in the planet's interior, proven reserves and the prospects of their capacity. At the current rate of oil consumption, it's proven reserves will last for about 40 years, undiscovered another 10-50 years. The essential oil reserve of humanity is oil, preserved in tar sands and oil shales. Listed and described in detail under oil-forming process starter, main and final stages. We consider the state and prospects of development of gas and oil deposits of the Russian Arctic, and specifically the fields in the Barents and Kara Seas. This suggests that issues of large-scale development of oil resources Russian Arctic should be considered in the long run. We consider two existing in the scientific world of alternative approaches to the problem of the genesis of petroleum: 1) Oil has a biogenic origin. If so, then mankind is in a few decades will spend the oil resources of the planet, and the world's energy crisis broke out brutal ; 2) Oil is abiogenic origin and is continuously generated in the bowels of the earth. There is also an "intermediate" approach to the ancient times formed by the organic oil is constantly added to oil, which is formed by inorganic. If the second approach is valid, it means practically inexhaustible reserves of oil. We present the arguments of the defenders and opposing points of view. On the example of the giant oil fields on the continental shelf of South Vietnam, in particular the White Tiger field with reserves of 0.66 billion tons, located in the dislocated granite, it is argued that proponents of abiogenic origin of petroleum have enough solid ground. We also consider the generation of hydrocarbon fluids and the problems of formation of gas-oil deposits in the Early Proterozoic Pechenga-Varzuga zone and the adjacent northern seas.