Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Women of Reproductive Age: Phenotypic Variety and Diagnostic Approaches. Review of Literature
Objective of the Review: To systematize current information of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its phenotypes as well as its long-term sequelae in women of reproductive age. Key Points: Typical manifestations of PCOS include hyperandrogenism, ovarian dysfunction, and a polycystic ovarian pattern identified by ultrasound. The key feature of this syndrome is ovarian overproduction of androgens. Patients with PCOS are at higher risk for cardiometabolic disorders and neoplasms, including endometrial cancer. Conclusion: The diagnosis of PCOS requires assessment of the menstrual cycle and manifestations of androgen-dependent skin disorders, ultrasound evaluation of the ovarian structure, and hormonal testing for hyperandrogenemia. Ruling out disorders with similar manifestations is an essential component of the diagnostic process.