ENERGY SAVING IN MULTI-TYPE BUILDINGS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT
The approaches to energy saving in four groups of buildings of urban development are defined: energy-active type with orientation to the prevailing wind in the cold season, with a small number of storeys after a long service life, with enclosing structures, having different thermal lag. For the first group of buildings an energy saving criterion were proposed with the use of renewable energy sources and the corresponding addition to the normative formula for determining the calculated specific heat consumption for heating and ventilation of the building. The results of studies on the use of a simplified construction of a flat solar collector in a low-rise building are presented, and the influence of the size of underground space on the efficiency of ground heat utilization is considered. For the second group of buildings, a rationale was given for recording the results of the calculation of the economizer effect in the method for determining the effect of air infiltration on their heat demand. In buildings of the third group, it was proposed to take into account heat losses in the process of air exfiltration through the outer enclosures of the upper floor. For the fourth group of buildings the effect of thermal lag of enclosing structures on the heat loss of a building during a cold snap is shown.