Technological aspects of cultivation of winter wheat using energy-saving technologies
Questions to reduce the cost of products in agribusiness conditions are topical and highly relevant. In this regard, we consider the possibility and the results of winter wheat cultivation studies using different types of resource-saving technologies, including No-till technology. Experimental studies conducted in low and unstable moistening the south of Russia in the hospital, located in the experimental field FGBNU SKNIIMESKH. Cultivation of winter wheat was studied in the system of crop rotation chetyrehpolnogo with different variants of the basic soil cultivation (surface, shallow, moldboard), including options without treatment. During the study we determined the following parameters: the depth of the snow cover, the content of productive moisture in a meter layer of soil density, winter wheat productivity and economic performance. It was found that the use of No-till technology in the cultivation of winter wheat enhances the depth of the snow cover in 2 times increase in the content of productive moisture in a meter layer of soil to 17% (90 mm). Complete exclusion pochvoobrabtyvayuschih exposure machine on the soil surface does not lead to soil compaction. Complete exclusion pochvoobrabtyvayuschih exposure machine on the soil surface does not seal the latter. It is established that the cultivation of winter wheat at zero technology has advantages in terms of yield of 13,5%, the number of productive stems of 14,7% in comparison with traditional technology options. This was a reduction of labor costs for 11-21% of operating costs for 66-87% of fuel consumption at 97-142%. Cost of winter wheat production on No-till technology on 31-38% lower at 212,8 rubles/hundredweight. Thus, the use of zero technology of winter wheat cultivation is a challenging and competitive.