MEASURES TO INCREASE THE COEFFICIENT OF DIESEL TORQUE BACKUP
The research goal is to consider the measures to ensure the operation of a diesel engine with increased adaptability coefficient (increased torque backup) for the operation of a diesel engine in the constant-power engine mode. The use of diesel in the constant-power engine mode will significantly increase the technical and economic performance of machine-tractor units (MTU) taking into account the impact of variable external loads. It is known that the use of constant-power diesel engine makes it possible to simplify the transmission of a machine-tractor unit by reducing the number of gears in the gearbox. This paper deals with the comparison of the speed characteristics of a diesel engine designed according to the dependencies, serial diesel 6Ch13/14 with a high-pressure fuel pump corrector, theoretical constant-power diesel engine, and linear torque increase at adaptability coefficient of 1.4. It is shown that the transfer of a serial diesel without additional measures is possible only with decreased power and, accordingly, decreased torque at the rated crankshaft speed. Without changing the power and torque at the rated speed, it is necessary to apply a number of measures. Firstly, the optimization of the workflow, including the transition to the Common Rail system, will ensure the operation of the diesel engine with a lower excess air coefficient. Secondly, in order to increase the excess air coefficient, in the mode of increased full torque, it is necessary to optimize the intake and exhaust systems (reduction of hydraulic resistances with acceptable swirl of the air flow in the cylinder), the use of adjustable turbochargers, and the use of gas-dynamic boost providing increased air flow. Due to the proposed measures, the tractor traction characteristic will acquire greater linearity and, accordingly, greater adaptability to the effects of variable loads.