PHILOSOPHICAL, SCIENTIFIC AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL PARADIGM IN RUSSIAN PHILOSOPHY OF THE 19th - EARLY 20th CENTURIES: HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS
The subject of this research is the process of institutionalization and evolution of philosophical and scientific anthropological paradigm in Russian philosophy of the 19th - early 20th centuries. During this period, under the influence of successful developments in natural science, Russian materialist thinkers substantiated the understanding of man as a natural-biosocial being. This transition was a prerequisite for the whole complex of anthropological issues being considered through the prism of materialism. The article reconstructs and examines the basic provisions of this paradigm: the ideas about the role and place of man in nature and society, the issues of anthropogenesis, the relationship between freedom and necessity, the meaning and purpose of life, the relationship between the individual and society. It is concluded that the supporters of the philosophical and scientific approach, despite a number of shortcomings associated with the incorrect reception of classical Marxism, laid the foundations of philosophical anthropology in the USSR and Russia.