Theory and Practice of Social and Pedagogical Movement of the Labor School of the XVIII - the early XX centuries
The actualization of discussions about the ways of development of the national school and education requires an objective look and assessment of the role of labor in the social development of the personality and its development of the entire set of personal qualities of a person and citizen. The author analyzes the evolution of the phenomenon of the labor school in the history of European and Russian education, recording the opportunities and resources that the child’s inclusion in the labor activity for his social, moral and personal development realizes. For several centuries, scientists defended labor as the most important educational tool, developed the idea of a labor school. Repeated ascetic attempts were made to implement an attractive pedagogical idea. But these inspired experiences remained isolated phenomena and for a long time did not affect the mass school. The viability and prospects of this or that variant of development of labor school are determined by many factors: the level of industrial and economic development, psychological and pedagogical culture, democratic traditions, the density of state care in relation to school and public education. Modern educational practice, breaking with the idea of labor school, emasculates the value-semantic basis of the social education of children and young people, impoverishes the process of the spiritual and moral formation of the personality. No less dangerous is the separation of modern education from the historical experience of the Russian school, the pedagogical findings and achievements of outstanding domestic thinkers. The author emphasizes the contribution of European teachers and educators of Russia of the XIX-XX centuries in the development of the phenomenon of labor school. The organic link between labor and social education must be identified and taken into account when determining the possibilities and prospects of labor to act as a means of social education for modern children and adolescents and as a component of the educational system of the educational organization.