Modern agricultural policy of the EU and Kazakhstan
EU developing and embodying the Common Agricultural Policy has turned from a grain importer into its exporter. The Republic of Kazkahstan has good potential for agriculture development as it has massive commercial lands. Adopting experience of the EU on formation and implementation of agricultural development programs, we could achieve good results in this area. Therefore, the study of these issues is important. The article deals with basic postulates of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union for 2010-2013 and 2014-2020. It shows structure of the program, namely two directions. The first is to support development of production and farmers’ income, and the second - to maintain countryside. The first includes measures such as market price support (import tariffs and export subsidies), production’s limits, intervention, buying backproduction quotas, non-harvesting, consumer subsidies. The main tool is direct payments to producers. The second area of public expenditures in the EU is carried out for improving quality of life in rural areas, environmental protection, and development of competition. There has been a change of destination costs and ways of farmers’ support. Thus, export subsidies and intervention purchases were replaced by support for specific types of goods. Then, farmers were provided with direct payments regardless of the products. In recent years, the payments are given to those farmers who fulfill their obligations in protecting the environment. Kazakhstan has developed program for the development of agriculture and rural areas since 2000. The author summarized the main directions and measures of state support in Kazakhstan. Article has a comparative table of directions and support tools in Kazakhstan and the European Union.