Transplacental transmission of amino acids and its effect on "intrauterine programming" of postnatal pathologies
The review presents current evidence about the mechanisms of supply of amino acids from the maternal body to the placenta and a special role of their active transport with the help of specific systems. The role of transplacental transmission of amino acids in ensuring full synthesis of protein in the placenta and also in tissues and organs of the fetus is emphasized. The article presents data of the influence of amino acid transport on the processes of fetal growth and development in physiological and complicated pregnancy, in particular, in gestational diabetes mellitus and fetal growth delay. The central role of the placenta, regulating fetal nutrient supply, in «intrauterine programming» of diseases in adulthood is discussed.