Peculiarities of training mid-levels specialists in Volga region (end of XIX-beginning of XX centuries)
Introduction. The problem considered in the article is of great importance for solving modern social and economic problems that are in direct relationship with the quality and organization of the production process. The mid-level specialists working in production represent the largest segment of society. The development and quality of the economy of our country, which is currently undergoing difficult times, directly depends on them. Addressing to the sources of training of mid-level specialists will, in our opinion, allow us to identify ways of using historical experience in planning further changes in the structure and features of their training, and to avoid mistakes of the past. Materials and methods. The materials used by the author are unpublished funds of the State Archives of the Penza Region (SAPR) and funds of the State Archives of the Ulyanovsk Region (SAUR), as well as historical and pedagogical sources, normative legal and reference and encyclopedic literature. The methodology of the study is presented by the systems approach, as well as methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparative-historical, retrospective methods and statistical method of processing the research materials. Literature review. This article is based on the publication of I.P. Anopov, S.A. Vladimirsky, A.G. Nebolsin, I.D. Raskin, S.V. Rozhdestvensky, V.I. Czarnolussky and others, where the peculiarities of training specialists in institutions of secondary vocational education are mentioned for the first time. Theoretical aspects of the training of middle-level specialists can also be found in historical and pedagogical sources published by government agencies: “The Basic Position of Industrial Schools” (1888), the Circular “About the Schools of Craftwork Students” (1893), “Circular No. 5300”, adopted on July 25, 1895, orders of the Directorate of People Schools. Discussions and conclusions. Training of specialists in institutions of secondary vocational education in the late XIX - early XX centuries in the Volga region was organized according to the educational standards of the time under consideration. The lack of educational resources, as well as the reluctance of the authorities to support this branch of education, led to a rather “weak” preparation of students, both in theoretical and in production aspects. If we draw a parallel with our time, it is worth noting the fact that only now, when the deficit in the working professions became acute, our government is trying to restore the “attractiveness” of this branch of education.