Biological toxicants of alimentary origin
The study evaluated the level of contamination of feeds for farm animals with pathogenic microflora, microfungi and mycotoxines (MTX). From 2006 to 2012, 3620 samples of 16 feed types from 175 farms from various regions of the RF were subject to quality analysis. Samples were taken and investigated with the use of bacteriological, mycological and mycotoxicological methods in accordance with generally accepted regulatory documents and GOSTs(State Stan( dards). During the period under study pathogenic microflora has been detected in 572 (20,1 %) samples. 36,3 % grain mix samples, 17,1 % barley samples, 26,7 % meat and bone meal samples, 5,6 % maize samples, 14,1 % pig com( pound feed samples and 12,3 % poultry compound feed samples did not meet microbiological safety requirements. The mycological analysis of feeding grain (barley, wheat, maize, oat and pea) has detected epidermal spore contami( nation in 100 % samples and sub(epidermal spore contamination in 84,5 % samples. The total fungi number (TFN) in 42,6 % samples exceeded the value 5•104 d/g (diaspore/gram), in the remaining samples 57,4 % the index was below 5•104 d/g. In granulated and non(granulated pig compound feed in 40,7 % samples no microfungi (MF) have been detected, in 48,7 % the TFN was lower than 5•104 d/g, in 10,6 % the TFN exceeded 5•104 d/g; in poultry compound feed the percentage was 6,9 %, 86,2 and 6,9 %, respectively. The MF have been isolated from grains in 100 % sam( ples, for pig compound feed and poultry compound feed the percentage was respectively 59,3 % and 83,1 %. The analysis of 3620 samples of various feed types has shown a high level of contamination (C) with mycotoxines (MTX). The predominant contaminants were metabolites of Fusarium microfungi: DON (93,3 %), Т(2(toxin (59,8 %), zearale(non (53,2 %), less abundant were ochratoxin А1 (17,6 %) and aflatoxin В1 (1,5 %). MTX content in samples of various feed types in 9,6 % cases exceeded the maximum permissible concentration of one of the above MTX and in 76,8 % cases from 2 to 4 MTXs have been detected, what is dangerous to animal health. With reference to the obtained data and the adopted Principles of the Government of the RF, the authors recommend to carry out a regular monitoring of feeds, a microbiological, mycological, mycotoxicological control of vegetable feeds and compound feeds for preven( ting diseases and death of animals because of feeds contaminated with pathogenic microflora etc. For feed detoxifi( cation enterosorbents on different basis (aluminosilicates, active carbon, toxin biotransformers) and complex formu( lations such as Fungistat K, ecofiltrum, Lactur probiotic etc. should be used. For feed decontamination from patho( genic microflora heat treatment, irradiation, treatment with chemicals (formic, acetic, propionic acid, neutral anolyte) should be used. Table 1. Bibl. 9.