OATS FOR GRAINS SILAGE IN THE FARMING AND FODDER PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN BURYATIA
An effective technological method for strengthening the fodder base, increasing the productivity of arable land and improving the quality of fodder is the development of the technology of growing fodder crops for threshless harvesting in the phase of pasty ripeness for grain silage. Studies show the importance in the production of grain silage of the main grain-fodder crop in agriculture and fodder production of the region - oats for grain silage, which are distinguished by their productivity in monospecific crops, as well as plasticity and stability in multi-species crops. The degree of influence of mineral fertilizers in various combinations on the yield of oats on grain silage in seven rotations has been established. long-term stationary field experiment in the closing field of a 4-field grain-fallow crop rotation, deployed in space and time. On average, over 28 years, due to paired combinations of nitrogen with phosphorus (N40P40)), an increase in the yield of haylage mass of 63.0 dt / ha (177.5%) was obtained in comparison with the yield in the control (without the use of fertilizers). To stabilize the humus content in the soil, it is noted that, along with mineral fertilizers, the introduction of manure into the soil in the fallow field at the rate of at least 10 t / ha is noted. Oats for grain silage in single-species crops, as well as in mixed and joint crops, effectively use summer precipitation, which is due to their higher yield when sown in the third decade of June in comparison with earlier periods. It is also possible to use oats and its mixtures with other grain-fodder crops when transforming arable land abandoned in the 90s as catch crops in preparation for sowing perennial grasses for tinning.