TO THE QUESTION OF CONSCIOUSNESS AS A FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT OF PHILOSOPHY
Consideration of the human consciousness as a fundamental concept of philosophy promotes the identification of numerous approaches to the question of the essence, nature and problems of consciousness, which affects the initial philosophical and methodological guidelines of any philosophical direction. The world of scientific literature is full of various historical and philosophical interpretations of the problem of consciousness. Each epoch dictates its concepts of perception of consciousness depending on the prevailing worldview of man. The aim of the study is to substantiate consciousness as a fundamental concept of philosophy in the course of the historical and philosophical analysis of the problem of consciousness from antiquity to the present day. The transformation of ideas about consciousness is analyzed. The objectives of the study are: 1) analysis of ideas about consciousness in the history of philosophical thought (Antiquity, Middle Ages, Renaissance, New time); 2) analysis of the problem of consciousness in analytical Western philosophy; 3) analysis of the problem of consciousness in the works of domestic philosophers. The research is based on the structural and historical methods of research, which allowed us to identify the relationship between the various elements of the phenomenon studied in the historical context. Each historical epoch interpreted consciousness in accordance with their inherent representations, worldviews and knowledge, in connection with which, the concept of "consciousness" underwent significant changes. Understanding consciousness formed Antique cosmocentrism, Medieval theocentrism, the Renaissance, anthropocentrism of modern times and modern science. The historical digression of the definitions of the concept of "consciousness" showed the following: in the antiquity period, the primacy of the ideal was recognized, leading to the transformation of consciousness into an independent entity; medieval Christian philosophy, the bearer of the higher consciousness, considered God; The Renaissance epoch pointed to natural property, and the New Age was characterized by substantiality. The author believes that for a more objective explication of the phenomenon being studied, it is important to understand consciousness as a joint creative activity of the brain and heart in the context of social reality.