Diffuse Telogen Effluvium: Pathophysiological Mechanisms of the Clinical Presentation and Current Comprehensive Treatment Options
Currently, the number of patients with diffuse telogen effluvium is increasing. The etiopathogenetic mechanisms of the development of this disease account for the need not only to eliminate the provoking factors, but also to take measures to promote the transition of the hair follicles to the anagen phase with its subsequent prolongation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the vitamin and mineral complex Pantoprovit in the complex treatment of diffuse telogen effluvium. Thirty-seven patients with diffuse telogen effluvium were under clinical observation. Before treatment initiation, a detailed medical history was obtained from all patients and, if necessary, consultations of related medical specialists were carried out. After identification of the disease trigger factors and their correction, the patients were given the vitamin and mineral complex Pantoprovit and topical peptide-based sera. The effect of this treatment was studied over time using a digital phototrichogram with analysis of hair density, vellus and terminal hair count, and measuring the diameter of the latter. Additionally, hair loss per day, the results of the hair pull test, and the parameters of the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire were recorded. The safety of treatment was assessed based on the frequency and features of adverse reactions. Phototrichoscopy after three months of observation demonstrated an increase in the total density and normalization of vellus-to-terminal hair ratio, as well as an increase in the diameter of the terminal hairs (p < 0.05). At the same time, there was a 67.7% decrease in hair loss per day and an 87.8% decrease in the traction test, as well as a reduction in the negative impact of the disease on the patients’ quality of life, as measured by a decrease in the DLQI index from 15.5 ± 3.3 to 3.8 ± 1.6 points. There were no significant adverse reactions during treatment. The vitamin and mineral complex Pantoprovit as part of the complex treatment of diffuse telogen effluvium contributes to the normalization of the hair growth cycle, restoration of hair structure, and is well-tolerated.