Nitrate Accumulation in Plants and the Quality of Winter Wheat within the Systematic Application of the Fertilizers (in conditions of Topchikhinsky district in Altai Krai)
The article considers the influence of mineral and organic fertilizers on the productivity and quality of winter wheat. During the investigation it was found that the average yield of winter wheat by means of potential soil fertility in 3-year was 2,3 ± 0,1 t/ha. Systematic application of the fertilizers in crop rotation helped to increase the yield of winter wheat. After the treatment N <sub>60</sub>P <sub>60</sub>K <sub>60</sub> the additions in 1,1 t/ha (47,8%) to the control have been received. On the plots where winter wheat was tested the aftereffect of manure 30 t/ha in combination with N <sub>60</sub>P <sub>60</sub>K <sub>60</sub> increases the yield on 1,1 and 1,2 t/ha (47,8 and 52,2%) respectively. The highest yield of winter wheat obtained by application of mineral fertilizers in quantity N <sub>120</sub>P <sub>120</sub>K <sub>120</sub> was 3,8 ± 0,3 t/ha (addition 64,0% to the control). In addition to the investigations of the different fertilizer type’s influence and their dosage on the winter wheat productivity their impact on the quality of the following indicators: crude protein content and gluten has been evaluated. On the control option the average protein content was 12,45 ± 0,45. The record amount of protein observed after N <sub>120</sub>P <sub>120</sub>K <sub>120</sub> application was 13,25 ± 0,45%. It should be noted that the quality of the gluten protein content and the winter wheat grain in all these tests is significantly higher compared with controls. The average gluten content in the control test was 21,4 ± 2,75%, while during the fertilizer using it varied in the range of 24,6-28,2%. The highest protein was observed after N <sub>120</sub>P <sub>120</sub>K <sub>120</sub> application 28,2±3,5%. Besides that the nitrate content in the grain and plants of winter wheat after different doses of mineral and organic fertilizers have been examined. It should be noted that the nitrate content in winter wheat grain is independent from the fertilizer and varied from 43 to 51 mg/kg, in the straw this dependence has been slightly observed. So if the control has 129,5 mg/kg nitrate content, in the fertilized tests it varied from 129,5 to 153,0 mg/kg. Maximum nitrate content was on the plot after the minimum N <sub>60</sub>P <sub>60</sub>K <sub>60</sub> application and manure usage at 30 t/ha. Comparative study of the influence of mineral and organic fertilizers, as well as their combinations showed that after the application of organic fertilizer fewer nitrates accumulates in plants than after mineral and or-ganic-mineral.