THE IMPACT OF PRIMARY TILLAGE ON SOIL FERTILITY AND YIELD OF MAJOR CROPS IN THE CCHZ
The leading link in the system of soil cultivation is the main cultivation and, above all, its depth, which plays a special role in changing the conditions of soil fertility. With the help of mid-depth main treatment, carried out in combination with additional methods of surface treatment, it is possible to purposefully regulate redox processes, biological activity of the soil, physicochemical properties, and enhance the fight against weeds, pests and diseases. In conditions of frequent recurrence of droughts, the risk of water and wind erosion, as well as soil and climatic conditions and the requirements of agricultural crops, the soil cultivation system in the Central Black Earth zone should solve the following tasks: maximum accumulation and preservation of moisture, weakening the negative impact of repeated droughts; prevention of water and wind erosion; preservation of humus and mineral nutrients; to ensure the fight against weeds, pathogens and pests; creation of optimal conditions for the development of crops and obtaining high and sustainable yields. When developing a soil cultivation system, take into account: the type of soil, the degree of susceptibility to erosion, the amount and mode of precipitation, the degree of aridity, the requirements of cultivated crops, crop rotation, weediness, and predecessors. Over a long period, a series of experiments was carried out to study the soil cultivation at different depths for individual crops, mainly for maize, winter wheat and sugar beets, in the links of a crop rotation or in a crop rotation.