POLITICAL MODERNIZATION OF RUSSIA: TO THE HISTORY OF THE PROBLEM STUDY
The article is devoted to the history of the Russian political modernization study by domestic authors. The relevance of the topic is due to the importance of political modernization for the development of Russian society and the need to systematize the results obtained in its research. The object of the research is concepts of political modernization of Russia in the works of Russian scientists 1990-2020. The subject of the research is the methodological foundations of the concepts of Russian political modernization that dominate in two time periods: 1990-2013 and 2014-2020. The purpose of the study is to identify the evolution of the dominant methodological approaches to the study of the political modernization of Russia in the works of domestic specialists in 1990-2020. The objectives of the study are the following: 1) to determine the methodological foundations of the Russian political modernization concepts that dominated in 1990-2013. 2) to analyze the distinctive features of the study of political modernization of Russia in 2014-2020 in the light of the local-civilizational approach. The author has used historical and comparative methodological approaches, hermeneutical method, methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and abstraction. As a result of a huge number of foreign and domestic studies of Russian political modernization, its general patterns and specifics were identified, a methodological analysis of the concepts of modernization, democratization and Westernization was presented, as well as the methodological features of the formational and civilizational approaches to its study were analyzed. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that two periods in the study of Russian political modernization by domestic scientists are identified: 1990-2013 and 2014-2021, and a comparative analysis of the methodological approaches that dominate in these two historical periods is carried out. The author’s contribution is represented by the following results. The first period (1990-2013) is characterized by the dominance of studies that use the formational method and the stadial-civilizational method. At the same time, the sphere of production is recognized as the basis of society, and the main task of political modernization is to ensure economic modernization. In the second period, research based on the concept of multiple moderns and the local-civilizational method prevails. On the basis of this method, scientists have made the subject of research the civilizational features of Russia, its spiritual and cultural sphere, abstracting from the general patterns of production development and political modernization