ISOLATION OF NEW CELLULOSE DESTRUCTION STRAINS, THEIR ROLE IN THE DECREASE OF ANTHROPOGENIC LOAD TO THE ECOSYSTEM
Nowadays, one of the most important problems of biotechnology is microbiological conversion of renewable resources of the biosphere, including cellulose. Being polysaccharide of a natural origin, cellulose nevertheless can pose a certain threat from the ecological point of view, since unprocessed stubble and wood remains promote reproduction of plant pathogens. Stubble burning in the fields, accepted as the widespread phenomenon in agriculture, leads to negative and sometimes irreversible consequences, namely destruction of useful soil microorganisms, decrease of the soil fertility, exhaustion of organic carbon and nitrogen amount. Besides, stubble burning in the fields, especially in the conditions of extremely hot summer, results in significant ecological harm to the environment. Regarding the abovementioned, the scientists are facing the task to find microorganisms with more effective biosynthesis cellulases. There are more than 40 species of cellulolytic bacteria are isolated from soils and rhizosphere of healthy cereal cultures, among which 5 strains have shown good results according to all carried-out tests. This makes microorganisms with the increased synthesis of cellulose, chosen for a further research, effective for creation of the biological preparations, directed to the degradation of vegetable waste of agriculture. With the clearing zone method of cellulolytic strains definition, it is revealed that 10 bacterial isolates show the increased cellulolytic activity. On the basis of gel-diffusion method results, the following strains are chosen for the further experiments: Sh42.2, Sh52.3, Sh612, Sh102.1, Sh102.2. Data on the amount of reducing substances in cultural liquid is submitted (concentration of glucose, g/l): Sh42.2 - 0,030; Sh52.3 - 0,029; Sh612 - 0,050; Sh102.1 - 0,031; Sh102.2 - 0,032. According to viscosity method of cellulolytic activity definition, the most significant decrease in viscosity is observed in Sh42.2, Sh52.3, Sh102.2 isolates. It is ascertained that the experimental cellulolytic strains don’t show phytotoxic properties on germination of wheat seeds.