Institute of State Protection of Emperors as Partof the Internal Security System of the Russian Empire
The article examines the main periods of the formation of the institute of state security as part of the internal security system of the Russian Empire. Attention is drawn to the interaction of the security structures of the emperor and members of the imperial house in their direct interaction with a number of departments, including the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Problem statement: the subject of the article allows a new approach to understanding the functioning of the institute of state protection in the Russian Empire, and the allocation of the main periods of its formation allows us to determine not only its purpose, but also its role in the system of imperial bodies as a whole. The increase in research interest in the evolution of the state administration of the Russian state, especially during the period of absolute monarchy, including the organs of the state apparatus as a whole, is confirmed by the presence of a certain number of scientific papers conducted over the past decade. This makes it possible to identify the features of the functioning and the specifics of the activities of the security structures of the Russian Empire as a whole. Currently, the issues that have not given exhaustive answers to the resonant terrorist acts that led to the murders of Alexander II, Chairman of the Council of Ministers - Minister of Internal Affairs P. A. Stolypin and a number of other high-ranking officials of the states remain debatable. The purpose of the study is to characterize the main periods of the formation of the institute of state protection of the emperor and members of the imperial house, focusing on its functioning, especially during the second half of the XIX - early XX century. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: to identify the main stages of the formation and development of the institute of state protection of the Emperor and members of the imperial House; to determine the main activities of the services that performed the functions of protecting the Emperor. Research methods: the method of materialistic dialectics, chronological, functional-structural, systemic, the principle of historicism, which allowed us to determine a number of historical facts, events, as well as to identify the structure of the emperor’s guard and show its place as a whole in the state apparatus of the Russian Empire. At the same time, it was the functional-structural method that made it possible to show the institutional aspect of state protection as part of the internal security system of the state.