Some features of the structure littoral and sublittoral of the macrobenthos community in the coastal lagoon ecosystems (Kandalaksha Bay, White Sea)
It was studied the species composition, structure and diversity of littoral and sublittoral communities of the macrobenthos in several lagoon ecosystems (Kandalaksha Bay, White sea). In the investigated ecosystems was discovered 51 species of benthic invertebrates and 11 species of sea grasses and algae. It is revealed the differences in the species composition and structure of littoral and sublittoral communities. In sublittoral are formed polymix diverse communities of macrobenthos, which differ in structure depending on the specific abiotic conditions (degree of openness with the outside water area, the features of the hydrological and salinity regimes, character of sediments, etc.) in each lagoon ecosystem. Littoral species were characterized by less specificity and more evribionts and had a greater similarity in their distribution than the sublittoral species. Our research shows, on the one hand, specific abiotic conditions in each ecosystem with their characteristic species complexes of living organisms, and on the other, confirm the similarity of the species composition of lagoons with similar geomorphology and water exchange with sea waters. The ABC-analysis showed, that these ecosystems have a tendency to the formation of disturbed communities and are located in the region of low hydrodynamic activity, high sedimentation and significant impact of carbon loading and salinity.