PSYCHOLOGICAL СHARACTERISTICS OF THE IDENTIFICATION PROCESS IN THE COURSE OF DISCLOSURE AND INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES
This article touches upon some problematic aspects related to the identification (identity) of various objects in the detection of crimes and the production of certain investigative actions. The content of the concepts of identification and definition of group membership is analyzed. Depending on the properties of the objects and the conditions of their perception in the identification can be set individual identity of specific objects with the form and group membership of objects. The external condition for the improvement of the identification process is the multiple perception of the object and identification acts. Repetition, multiplicity of perception of the same or similar objects is a decisive element of rationalization in these identification processes. Rationalization is considered as a set of experience and perception of any object. Experience reduces in time the process of perception of a particular object in the part relating to its most common, group characteristics, and allows most of the time to spend on identifying its individual characteristics. The article defines the role of perception. First of all, in obtaining a direct sensual display of the object for comparison with the image stored in memory and in creating an ideal model of a particular object. The forms of identification process are considered. Attention is paid to two forms of identification process of the perceived object - recognition and identification, which are closely interrelated. The authors, from the point of view of psychology, come to the conclusion that the sukcessive form of the identification process, from the point of view of its internal mechanism, is considered as a consistent in time process of comparing the image (model, standard) of the previously perceived object with the image of the perceived object. The methods of solving identification problems in those conditions that are close to the provided legal norms are considered. Attention is paid to the guarantees of the correct identification.