THE RESPONSE OF TRITICALE VARIETIES OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN SELECTION ON FERTILIZERS AND HERBICIDE APPLICATION IN THE FOOTHILLS OF NORTH OSSETIA
Weed control and timely fertilizers application significantly increase the yield of winter triticale, promoting high-quality products. The experiments were laid on pebbling leached chernozem of the North-Caucasian Research Institute of Mountain and Foothill Agriculture during 2014-2016. In the course of studies we explored the conditions of the foothill area, determined species composition and degree of weediness on different backgrounds to identify the reactions of the Russian and foreign winter triticale varieties to fertilizers application and the crops treatment with the herbicide 2,4-D Aktiv Esteron. In the course of research we used promising new winter triticale varieties of domestic (Rostov region, Krasnodar region and Dagestan) and foreign (France) selection. The weediness (represented mainly by species Ambrosia artemisifolia, Helianthus tuberosus, Chenopodium polyspermum, and Stellaria media) of the fertilized background was superior to the background control (without fertilizers) and averaged 72 pcs/m2, while the control - 49 pcs/m2, which resulted in a double treatment with herbicide. When first spraying on the background of fertilizers the weeds number decreased to 31 pcs/m2, and the control - to 26 pcs/m2. After the second treatment the weediness was 13 and 12 pcs/m2, respectively. It is established that the maximum (average) crude weeds weight in the control variant amounted to 563 g, and the minimum - 28,6 (fertilized with herbicide). It is revealed that the most productive when fertilizers and herbicide application were varieties Prag-7 (5,98 t/ha) and Triskeil (5,86 t/ha); the lowest yield was observed for variety Brat (2,03 t/ha for the fertilized variant without any herbicide). The combined use of fertilizers in combination with the double crops treatment with herbicides contributed to the increase of productivity for varieties: Zimogor - 1,52 t/ha; Prag-7 - 1,84 t/ha; Brat - 1,65 t/ha; Prag-559 - 1,46 t/ha; Triskeil - 1,23 t/ha.