MODELING AN AUTONOMOUS SOLAR POWER PLANT
Relevance The sun is capable of transmitting an enormous amount of energy to Earth in the form of radiated heat. Scientists have found a way to collect this type of energy and convert it into electrical energy. For this, special silicon photovoltaic panels are used, capable of generating a direct current under the action of an external solar exciter, thanks to which a large energy system can be powered. These panels are bonded together to provide maximum power generation. The set of energy panels combined into a system is called a solar power plant, at the moment one of the most promising options for power plants. Solar power plants are a rather unique type of power plants that can bring energy, spending practically no internal fuel, such as organic matter, water inflows, wave energy, geothermal energy. In just 20 days of the solstice, solar power plants are able to fully renew the entire world energy supply. In just a year of continuous operation of the sun, it will be able to recreate all the energy that humanity has spent in its entire history, and perhaps even more. A photovoltaic plant is a versatile source used for generation and distribution in power applications. With more than 300 days providing 3,000 h of sunshine and a capacity equivalent to 5,000 trillion kWh, it becomes necessary to analyze alternative energy to solve the problems of electricity shortages in developing countries. Its geographic location and global advances in solar technology, on the other hand, make it possible to tackle the country's limited energy supply. The aims of research Modeling and running a working circuit of an autonomous photovoltaic installation for converting solar energy into electric current to consumers, calculating and plotting the values of the current parameters both at the rectifier and at the load, as well as the parameters of the output and input voltages of the rectifier, as well as the load. Methods A model was built in the MATLAB Simulink package, consisting of blocks of a rectifier system, an inverter that converts solar energy into a current of the desired parameter - variable for the household network, you can put several such devices (as well as controllers) - the system will be more stable, as well as a battery or uninterruptible power supply units - this is a mandatory part, with them energy will be accumulated and consumed according to the needs of the consumer, the network, but there is another one of the main functional parts of the SES - these are SB panels with a special coating, they attract, delay, accumulate and concentrate sunlight, heat, pass it on for conversion to electrical energy. Results In the course of the work, the photovoltaic installation was simulated, various voltage and current graphs were obtained, as well as graphs of dependence on the load. On the basis of the data obtained, the technical characteristics of storage batteries and solar cells were selected, after which conclusions were drawn about the most effective photovoltaic installation.