THE ROLE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND BASIC SOIL TREATMENT FOR WINTER WHEAT IN THE FORMATION OF ITS PRODUCTIVITY
The article presents the experimental material of a field experiment conducted at the Department of General and Irrigated Agriculture of the KubSAU to study the effect of mineral fertilizers and basic tillage for winter wheat on the formation of its productivity. The object of research was a winter wheat variety called Stan. The predecessor is soy. Experiment scheme: factor A (basic tillage): Option 1 (control) - moldboard plowing by 20 ... 22 cm; option 2 - chiseling by 20 ... 22 cm; option 3 - shallow cultivation (disc peeling by 8 ... 10 cm); option 4 - no tillage (direct sowing on the predecessor stubble); factor B (the rate of mineral fertilizers): option 1 - control (without fertilizers); option 2 - recommended (for the main tillage from autumn - N20P80 + earlier-spring top dressing N40); option 3 - intensive (calculated) dose of mineral fertilizers (for the main tillage from autumn N40P160 + earlier-spring top dressing N40). Repeated 3 times with randomized placement of options. In the experiment, we used generally accepted methods. It was revealed that the maximum yield was formed against the background of reverse plowing by 20-22 cm in the main tillage. Carrying out chisel-growing at the same depth in the main tillage led to a significant decrease in yield by 2.2 c / ha. Small tillage by 10-12 cm reduced the yield by 3.2 c / ha, and zero till - by 4.8 c / ha. The introduction of mineral fertilizers led to an increase in the yield of winter wheat of the Stan variety by 1.5 c / ha at the recommended rate (for the main tillage in the fall - N<sub>20</sub>P<sub>80</sub> + earlier-spring feeding N<sub>40</sub>) and by 2.9 c / ha with intensive (calculated) norm (for the main tillage from autumn N<sub>40</sub>P<sub>160</sub> + earlier-spring top dressing N<sub>40</sub>)