Microbiocenosis of the gastrointestinal tract in young deer European: age dynamics for the first year of life
The study of normal intestinal microflora dynamics in ontogenesis is an urgent area of digestion study in animals. The aim of the work is to study the qualitative and quantitative composition of gastrointestinal tract microflora in yearlings of deer European in dynamics in normal conditions and during spontaneous invasion by helminths. For the primary identification of microorganisms, tinctorial properties were studied using the Gram stain method. In doubtful cases, the Grigersen test was used, confirming the Gram stain. Spores were stained using the Schaefer - Fulton method. Bacterial motility was detected using agar culture inoculation. The pathogenicity of the isolated microbial cultures was determined by staging a biological sample on white mice by intraperitoneal infection with a suspension of daily culture in physiological saline at a dose of 0.5 ml at a concentration of 1 billion microbial cells in 1 ml of the studied culture. Observation was carried out for 10 days. For faunal studies and for determining the species affiliation of ciliates, the material was preserved with 4% formalin or alcohol. It was established that the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract in young deer is normally represented by lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, Escherichia, clostridia, staphylococci. Microorganisms of other groups have not been identified. In all age groups, species related to beneficial microflora (bifidobacteria, lactobacilli). Аll selected cultures are non-pathogenic. With age, an increase in the number of microorganisms of the intestinal flora was observed. In yearlings doe over 1 month old, the period of mixed feeding begins, at the age of 3-6 and 6-12 mo, there is the appearance in the gastrointestinal tract of some types of facultative microflora from the family of Enterobacter (Klebsiella, Serratia, Proteus) and the appearance of some types of obligate microflora (bacteroids). When studying the infusorian fauna, it was found that the smallest number of ciliates is found in the rumen of yearlings up to 3 months of age. In young animals of 3-6 months of age, a slight increase in ciliates was observed and moderate in animals of 6-12 mo of age. At the age of 12 mo, the number of ciliates stabilizes. All found types of ciliates are forgut, i.e. found only in the stomach. Three genera of endobiotic ciliates were found: Diplodinium, Entodinium, Epidinium. In the rumen of calves of 3-6 mo of age, ciliates of the genus Entodinium, Diplodinium dominate, in a moderate amount there are ciliates from the genus Epidinium. It was also found that in animals infected with Strongyloides sp., changes in the normal microflora occur in the intestine. At the same time, a violation of colonization resistance was observed, the total number of microorganisms was reduced.