Peculiarities of the stress-strain state of the “excavation - geo-environment” and “embankment - geo-environment” systems in the process of erecting them (part I)
Excavations and embankments are the most common ground transport structures, operational reliability and durability of which is determined by the stability of their sides and slopes. The first article deals with the features of stress-strain state and changes in stability of ground transport structures (excavations) based on modeling according to the certified program of finite element method GenIDE32. At modeling the layer-by-layer excavation of homogeneous soil from excavations with finite geometrical sizes was carried out. In the excavation edge array, in the field of displacement vector u<sub>i</sub>, appeared are poorly studied phenomena in the form of "rotation circles" or short vortices. These phenomena, discovered in model experiments (Yu.I. Soloviev, 1956), require detailed research in the future. Graphic results of the calculations performed allow one to see the appearance and development of zones of "plasticity" or limit state in the form of zones of "shift-compression", "compression-shift" and "stretching". Shift-compression zones and vice versa are shown as shaded finite elements at an angle crosswise, while stretch zones are shown as shaded vertically, horizontally and vertically, and horizontally finite elements. These zones, in the process of modeling, are drawn in the edges of the projections of a slide with vertical and horizontal cracks. The contours of the landslide prisms show themselves well when the average relative volume deformation values of ε are displayed on the screen. The display of this value in two colors defines the landslide contours in this figure. Sliding lines with the minimum value of the stability coefficient k<sub>st min</sub> pass near the borders, where values of this parameter are equal to zero. In this figure, in the upper part of the array, you can see the places where vertical cracks are formed. The analysis also uses graphs of stress-strain state trajectories in the space of stress tensor invariants σ<sub>ij</sub> and relative deformations ε<sub>ij</sub> in significant nodes and finite elements, located, including, in places of sliding lines with k<sub>st min</sub>. They make it possible to see from the volume and shape deformation graphs where the system with the calculated condition is located, for example, from the condition at which the body of the landslide was formed.