ONOMACIOLOGICAL MODELS OF COMPOSITE PHITONYMS IN TNE FRENCH, ENGLISH AND TATAR LANGUAGES
The article is devoted to the national peculiarities of phitonyms, their structure and semantics in the English, French and Tatar languages. The authors analyze the ways of word formation based on culturally relevant characteristics of the plants. The essential onomaciological models of composite phitonyms are the following: 1) explicitly reflected objective sign of a plant (color, taste, odor, form, etc) + reference component; 2) metaphorically transformed component + reference component / primitive name; metaphorical expression; 3) zoonym with a possessive meaning + reference component / primitive name; 4) component containing an element of an etiological myth + reference component / primitive name; component, containing an element of an etiological myth + metaphorically transformed component; 5) evaluation mark + reference component / primitive name; 6) component, reflecting functional sign of a plant + reference component / primitive name. The common characteristic of the compared languages is the quantitative predominance of phitonyms based on the objective signs of plants. Metaphorical transformations and allusions to etiological myths are more typical for the English and French languages. In the Tatar language the models based on evaluation characteristics and functional signs of plants are more productive.