Hierarchy of settlements (1940-1950)
In this article an attempt is made to identify "intercontingental" and "intracontingental" differences that existed in terms of administrative of the special settlement regime of the Stalin era. To solve this problem, the author conducts the comparative analysis of the status of the deported to Siberian special settlements in late 1943 - early 1944, the Kalmyk population of the Omsk and Tyumen regions with representatives of other groups of settlers. The source base of this article is the record keeping documentation of the NKVD/MVD at various levels entil and regional). Significant role to understand the status and characteristics of the regime environment played narratives of the repressed people, first introduced by the author in the scientific circulation. Indicators have been developed for measuring the degree of hierarchy: the severity of the regime (from removal from settlement to the increase in attendance on special registration and imprisonment in prisons and camps); the practice of recruiting special settlers (on the basis of admission to work in the specialty in the education system of the Tyumen region, it is shown that the Kalmyks and Germans enjoyed the greatest confidence). As a result, the author came to the conclusion about the existence in the environment special settlement socium of deportees during the war of peoples "intracontingental" socially close power groups (employees of the Soviet security services - as close as possible to the status before deportation; members of the CPSU (b)/Communist party of the USSR and Komsomol - retained their membership in these organizations and elements of the former status). The research showed two levels of the hierarchy of settlements: "intercontingental" and "in-tracontingental". "Intercontingental" - deportees divided into "socially close" to the authorities (secret service, Communists and Komsomol members), the main part of the settlers ("socially non-dangerous") and the group of "socially dangerous" (consisting of the operational registration); "intracontingental" - on "more loyal" (Kalmyks, Germans) and "less loyal" ("the Baltic contingents", the deportees from the North Caucasus, the Crimean Tatars, the OUN and TOkh).