Results of the Analysis of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women with Metabolic Syndrome on the Background of Polycystic Ovary
Objective: to study the characteristics of the formation of cardiovascular risk in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and when it is combined with the metabolic syndrome (MS). Material and Methods. In the first stage of the study we performed retrospective analysis of medical records of 109 reproductive age women with PCOS who were divided into three groups according to body mass index (BMI). In the second stage of the study prospective examination of 90 young women with PCOS who were divided into groups according to BMI and the presence of MS was conducted. The study also included two groups of comparison — 15 women with MS without PCOS and 30 apparently healthy women. Results. A wide range of cardiovascular risk factors was found in PCOS patients, including dyslipidemia (82.2 %), mainly due to the increase of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (70.0 %), abdominal obesity (78.8 %), insulin resistance (75.5 %), hypertension (31.1 %), impaired glucose tolerance (27.7 %) and diabetes mellitus (3.3 %). We found that appearance of abdominal type of obesity was more important for the formation of cardiovascular risk in PCOS women than body weight growth, and it was associated with a spectrum of metabolic disorders such as hypertriglyceridemia (66.6 %), reduction in HDL cholesterol (50.0 %), diabetes mellitus (12.5 %) and increased percentage of arterial hypertension (70.8 %) and impaired glucose tolerance (45.8 %). We found early markers of atherosclerosis — thickening of the intima-media over the age norm in 66.6 % of patients with PCOS and MS and 27.2 % — in PCOS without MS group. In 3 (12.5 %) patients with PCOS and MS we found atherosclerotic plaques of carotid arteries. We found that for the risk definition in reproductive age PCOS women, DRS and Score (for patients under 40 years) scales should be used as they better reflect the increased risk of PCOS women and risk growth in case of PCOS and MS combination.