Rules of conduct in the Soviet school. Part 1: The message of the state delivered by the teacher
Soviet school rules are treated in this article as a part of the pre-revolutionary school tradition and simultaneously as a representation of the image of Soviet schoolchild. The article consists of two parts. First part is a short historical outline of the rules of conduct in Soviet school policy and practice. Mentions of school rules in oﬃ cial documents and texts of school rules from 1930s to 1980s are analyzed. The story of rules in Soviet school can be told as a sequence of phases: starting from the period of ignoring rules (1917-1922), followed by gradual legitimizing them in the state and party resolutions (1927-1935), then the period of waiting for the rules approved by the state (1935- 1943), a deсade of concentration on «Rules for pupils» (1943-1954), and then a gradual transferral of disciplinary functions to the genre of «uniﬁed requirements for pupils» (1954-1972). «Rules for pupils» published in 1943, in contrast to the similar rules published in 1874, have a distinct aim of constructing ideal image of the Soviet school and Soviet schoolchild. The weight of the symbolic function of the Rules predetermined the loss of disciplinary regulation function in the later editions.