"LIFE IN THE WAR" IN THE DIARIES OF SOVIET OFFICERS. 1941-1945
In the last years the Russian historiography of the Great Patriotic War there are major changes. In connection with active development of a number of research areas (social history, military history anthropology, microhistory, gender history) increases the attention of scientists to the documents of a personal origin. Examples of these documents include, inter alia, diaries of ordinary Soviet citizens - participants of the Great Patriotic War. Front and rear diaries 1941-1945 are of great historical value. Firstly, because the sources are sufficiently rare. Second, they make a unique information about various aspects of the military everyday life, the emotional world of the Soviet people, their survival strategies. Hence it is clear how urgent the publication of the diary material, presenting it in a scientific literature. This article describes the features of the diaries, which led the Soviet troops under the front in 1941-1945. Describe the content of the four “officers” diaries full version of which will soon be published in the newest collection of ego-documents (Eto i moya voyna: Velikaya Otechestvennaya v pis'mennykh i vizual'nykh ego-dokumentakh [This is my war: the Great Patriotic War in the written and visual ego-documents]. 2015 (in press). Rozhkov A., Tazhidinova I., ed.-comp. Krasnodar: Traditsiya). Analysis of diary material allows to draw conclusions about the features of the front-line diaries, which include: conciseness forms fixation events, little attention utilitarian issues concerning the reflection of human relations under extreme conditions. At the same time all the documents have their stylistic and conceptual differences due to age, social background, education of their authors. It is also on the content of each of the text affected by such factors as the vicissitudes of pre-war fate of the author, his front path, rank and position, the intensity of the fighting at this particular point in time. It seems that, based on the analysis of the diaries of officers N. Chernyshev, V. Sukhanov, F. Onishchenko and V. Morozov possible detail and fully reconstruct the realities of life in a war of those ordinary Red Army soldiers entrust their lives in 1941-1945.