Formation of the Rental Housing Market in Russia: Potential of the Institutional Experience of Western European Countries (Part 1)
The object of research in this article is the rental housing market in Russia. The authors carry out a comparative analysis of the development of the institution of commercial and social rental housing in Germany, Austria and Russia at the present stage. On the basis of the distinction between the concept and objects of the state housing policy in these countries, the main characteristics of the organizational and institutional mechanism for the formation and development of the rental market are explored. The analysis of municipal subsidy programs for landlords and tenants (by object and subject) is being carried out, and the mechanism for the formation and development of social housing in Germany and Austria is being explored. Based on this, the authors conclude that it is necessary to use the experience of institutional development of the rental housing market in these countries by designing such a market segment in Russia. It is recognized that today in Russia the housing market is less and less focused on improving the living conditions of the population and is increasingly being assessed as the instrument for allocation of the liquid funds that exempts the housing as a social phenomenon from the social sphere, and hence from the sphere of its state regulation. The consequences of this trend and the legal immaturity in the sector lead to the organizational, managerial and legal failures in the formation of the rental housing market, which implies the formation of a portfolio of housing and savings programs, subsidy programs for individual subjects and territories, programs for expanding the social housing stock using the public-private partnership. Based on this, the main directions for the implementation of the mechanism for the development of the institution of commercial lease and social housing in Russia are formulated.