Risk factors for the probable development of invasive candidiasis in the HIV-infected
Objective. To identify risk factors for and probability of developing of invasive candidiasis (IC) in patients with HIV infection. Subjects and methods. A case-control study was conducted in a specialized department of the Perm Regional Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases in 2012-2014. A case group included 43 patients with the confirmed diagnosis of IC; a control group consisted of 59 patients without IC. The groups were matched for sex, age, residence, stage of HIV infection, counts of CD lymphocytes, and the absence of antiretroviral therapy. Results. The HIV-infected patients with IC were significantly more frequently observed to have factors, such as oropharyngeal candidiasis and tuberculosis, intensive care unit stay, prior gastrointestinal surgery and mechanical ventilation, active psychoactive substance dependence, stay in prison places, and the lack of a permanent job. To predict the development of IC in the HIV-infected, it is advisable to use at least three of the nine identified signs, the totality of which is characterized by the highest sensitivity (88.3%) and specificity (98.3%). Conclusion. The identified factors can be used for the prediction of a risk for IC in HIV-infected patients, for timely examination, early diagnosis, and adequate therapy.