The History of Expansion of Lake Areas in the Omsk Region by the West Siberian Tatars in the Late 17th-early 21st Century (Based on Lakes Kazatovo and Rakhtovo)
The article is based on the research materials of the expeditions in the summer and autumn of2021 to the Bolsherechensky and Tevrizsky Districts of the Omsk Region. Oral information is supplemented by archival documents. The purpose of the work is to introduce new data on the expansion of lake areas and territories around them by the Tatars into scientific circulation. Determination of the presence or absence of the features in the expansion of the lake areas Kazatovo and Rakhtovo. New data are expanding knowledge about the use of natural resources of the West Siberian Tatars. The first part provides information on the lakes and the use of their resources according to the written sources of the late 18th-19th centuries. Plan, toponymy, infrastructure of Lakes Kazatovo and Rakhtovo, and the use of their resources in the late 20th-early 21st centuries are further described. The use of natural resources of neighboring lake is also described. Conclusions are made that Lakes Kazatovo and Rakhtovo are centers of a microdistrict including small swamp reservoirs, watercourses, wetlands, dry areas of meander scars. On the example of ecosystem exploitation, Lakes Kazatovo and Rakhtovo show two types of expansion of the lake areas and creation of infrastructure. In the first case, the lake created an isolated arable lands, then the settlement complex, in the second-the expansion of lake areas was made for commercial purposes. The observation made by the author on the materials of the Tyumen Region is confirmed in that, with an extensive type of farming, water bodies located at significant distances can also be used. This is shown on the example of Lake Rakhtovo. In one period, the use of its resources was assigned to the Tatars living 20 or even more kilometers away from it.