Ecological dangers during irrigation sistem’s operation and preventive and elimination measures
The main purpose of the research is to estimate the environmental hazards while irrigation and drainage systems are being constructed and operated as well as to carry out structuring of the main parts of the above systems. The potential environmental hazards in the process of irrigation systems operating, caused as the result of the influence of both sources of irrigation water (reservoirs, canals) and natural water bodies (lakes, rivers, underground water) are defined. Risks from the impact of irrigation network and watering are considered, the main of them being the increase in groundwater infiltration due to water losses in the irrigation network and seepage losses in the fields. The above leads to the development of the unfavorable processes in soil (waterlogging, humus losses, soil aggregates fusion, secondary soil salinity, alkalinization, etc.). The rise of groundwater causes the necessity of artificial drainage and drainage-collector flow removal. The ecological hazards at the drainage network and water receivers operation as a final point of the technological process are considered. A list of measures on hazard processes prevention or/and elimination in the irrigated lands as well as in the zone of influence of irrigation systems as an input to the practice is given.