Gluten quality in durum wheat varieties bred in the Samara region and varieties from Italy and Australia
The purpose of the studies was to determine the differences in the quality of gluten from the varieties from Italy and Australia and the varieties bred by the Samara Research Agricultural Institute as well as to assess the prospects for use of these data in transgressive breeding. The work was performed in the Samara region on the southern chernozem. The study objects were 17 genotypes of durum wheat bred in the Samara region, 13 genotypes from Italy and Australia, as well as 23 F4 Zolotaya/ Line 5049Nax-2 lines bred at the Samara Research Agricultural Institute based on the local Zolotaya variety and the Australian sample Line 5049Nax-2. The work was carried out in three randomized blocks on plots with an area of 10.0 m2. We determined protein content in the grain, SDS sedimentations, and mixograph parameters - PT (peak time), PH (peak height), BW (band width), and MTV (mixing tolerance value). The genotype groups did not differ in SDS sedimentation; the varieties from Australia and Italy exceeded the Samara varieties in protein content by 2.6% and in BW - 1.97 times. SDS transgressions (up to 64.0 mL) were noted among the lines of the Zolotaya/Line 5049 population. The most significant contribution of the genotype to the Samara variety variance of traits in the population of the Samara varieties was 68.6%, 78.7%, and 63.5% in terms of SDS, PT, and PH, respectively. In the population of varieties from Australia and Italy, the contribution was 73.2% and 70.3% in terms of PH and BW, respectively. The methods of the factorial and biplot analysis used in the field of two main components allowed establishing that in the population of non-Russian varieties, the SDS-integral attribute of gluten quality was formed mainly under the influence of BW; in the population of Samara varieties, it was formed under the influence of PT. The study of breeding material from the crossing of varieties contrasting in these properties, that is, Line 5049Nax-2 (bred in Australia) and Zolotaya (bred in the Samara region), allowed obtaining transgressive lines with an SDS excess of the best parent by 14.3-52.4% and the values of the BW and PT parameters close to the best parent variety.