The main prerequisites and trends of development of autobiographical prose in the Chechen literature
An attempt is undertaken to analyze the reasons of relevance of autobiographical prose of Moussa Beksultanov against the background of development of an autobiographical genre in the Chechen literature in the context of literary process of the North Caucasus. Taking into consideration that throughout history of professional art literature of the region this genre was not widespread both in the Chechen literature, and in the majority of other new written literatures, this research defines the reasons, sources and prerequisites of this phenomenon. The publication shows that throughout the long pre-literature, preliterate period, predominant for folklore outlook were a mythologism, fiction, and a fantasy. Signs of such phenomena as historicism, "documentalism" were minimized. The author proves that early forms of a biographism and autobiographism in the history of literature are for the first time formed based on the developed professional literature, in particular, literatures of the people of Russia whose formation belongs to later period, taking into account similar traditions of the Russian literature and national writers educators of the 19th century, in this case - Vainakh writers Chuck Akhriev and Umalat Laudaev. The analysis of signs of autobiographism in their texts made it possible to reveal such components as use by authors of their own life experience, biographic episodes, with expression of an open position, and such important component of the autobiographical narration as the image of the author having specific lines. The technique of this research is based on the comparative analysis of a phenomenon of works of "extra art", but very peculiar type in literatures of the North Caucasus since the middle of the 20th century. The author carries out historical state-of-the-art review of an autobiographical component in the pre-war (S. Baduev, S.B. Arsanov, M.Mamakaev) and contemporary Chechen prose and poetry. Results of this research can be applicable as a methodological basis for the literary and typological analysis.