Effects of external water exchange between bays of lakes on chemical indicators of water
External water exchange between bays of Onega (Petrozavodskaya and Kondopozhskaya bays) and Ladoga (Hijdenselga gulf) lakes was estimated according to chemical compositions, water inflows, and runoff volumes in bays. Periods of water exchange in Petrozavodskaya bay, Kondopozhskaya bay, and Hijdenselga gulf were 0.13, 1.02, and 1.15 years, respectively. Under these conditions, water exchange was 2-3 times higher than that calculated without considering the inflow of lake waters. Water exchange in the Petrozavodskaya bay was confirmed by seasonal variations in isotope compositions.