Fish fauna of mountain lakes of European slopes Polar and Polar Urals
After years ichthyofaunal studies of different types of mountain water systems the western slopes of the Circumpolar and Polar Urals found: a plurality of isolates of suspected post-glacial relicts of the western slopes of the Circumpolar and Polar Urals (local groups peled basins Kara, Malaya and Bolshaya Usa, Shchugor and residential forms of Arctic char basins Kara Malaya Usa, Kozhim, Kosyu, Vangyr and Voyvozh-Synya); Geographic diversity of directional pathways into waterways Western slopes of the Ural Siberian fauna (Arctic grayling and its hybrids basins Kara, Lemva, Kozhim and Shchugor); focality postglacial spread lowland boreal species (roach in mountain lakes basins Voyvozh-Synya, Bolshoi Patok and Torgovaya).