ORTHOGRAPHIC USAGE OF THE PUSHKIN ERA: WRITING OF DOUBLED CONSONANTS IN THE BORROWINGS
This article discusses the question about the writing double consonants in the Russian orthography usage in the ﬁ rst half of 19th century. The article also compares usage of double consonants with the norm of the modern Russian language. The usage of the Pushkin era is reconstructed based on the study of the Corpus of Pushkin’s texts, created at the LOKLL of the Philological Faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University. The morphemes are divided into two groups: with lost doubling in the SRLYa; with codiﬁ ed doubling in the SRLYa. Each group is subdivided into three subgroups: a) with hesitant spelling; b) with double spelling; c) with writing without doubling. Each morpheme is accompanied by a list of words found and quantity of these words in the Corpus. On the basis of the results obtained, the comparison of the spelling of Pushkin’s Russian and French texts, it is concluded that a special norm of the doubling was implemented in Pushkin's usage. The comparison of Pushkin's and modern spellings of borrowings allows us to conclude that in most cases the norm of the modern Russian language preserves the former stable spellings in the ﬁrst half of the 19th century, but it requires non-alternative spelling of the wavering morphemes in the Pushkin’s usage.