Müller Cells: Genii Loci
Müller cells are the major type of glial cells in the retina and are actively involved in ensuring its vital functions. They are responsible for maintaining homeostasis and the synaptic activity of neurons by transporting substances to all types of cells within the retina and leading them beyond it. Müller cells guide light to photoreceptors dividing it by the wavelength and amplifying the incoming light signal, they protect neurons from damage and are able to regenerate into photoreceptors and other retinal cells in pathological conditions. This review summarizes the knowledge about the morphology and functions of Müller cells which has been accumulated over the years of their study.