National character and speciﬁcity of human being in the literature of the Nenets
The article discusses an issue of the formation and transformation of the traditions, customs and rituals that contributed to the formation and development of the spiritual and material culture of that people in different historical periods, as reﬂected in the literature of the Nenets people. It is noted that the ethnocultural self-identiﬁcation, the revival of the traditions of the past should not be carried out without their deep scientiﬁc understanding, which includes the research of literary critics. Nenets writers and poets reﬂected diverse social reality, highlighted the tragedy of a person in transition. On the basis of the contextual analysis of the works of Nenets authors, the development of the folklore, epos and ethnographic material the article reveals the originality of ideological attitudes, the symbols of the actions of heroes, features of a national character. The study conducted a search for an answer to the question of what rituals are the customs and traditions of the people due to such binary oppositions as humility / aggression, kindness / cruelty, perseverance (persistence) / pliability (pliability, gentleness)? An explanation of the negative behavior of the heroes of the novels by Vasily Ledkov, the short novels by Anna Nerkagi and other Nenets authors is found through the approach to understanding the nature of violence proposed in the works of the French scientist Rene Girard. The study used historical, cultural, psychological, social, comparative methods. Examples from works of the Khanty, Nenets and Dolgan literatures are presented.