PHILOSOPHICAL PROJECTS OF L. WITTGENSTEIN AND M. HEIDEGGER IN 1920-S: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
The article discusses the possibility of a comparative analyses of the philosophical ideas of early Wittgenstein, primarily presented in the “Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus”, and the philosophical ideas of early Heidegger, presented in his articles, lectures and work “Being and Time”. Given the scale of the influence of the philosophers on the philosophical thought of the twentieth century, their role in the formation of its two main traditions - analytical (English) and phenomenological-hermeneutic (German), the author calls their philosophical concepts projects. As an event within which these two projects can be compared, the article proposes to consider the “change in the scientific and humanitarian paradigm” that took place in European (mainly German) philosophy in the 1910-s and 1920-s, “revolution in the way of thinking”. The evolution of attitudes in Western and Russian philosophy towards the very possibility of comparing both the philosophical views of Wittgenstein and Heidegger and the corresponding philosophical trends is traced. The author sees grounds for discovering their similarities both in certain coincidences in the biographies of the two philosophers, and in their program settings. The article highlights the main lines of comparison that allow us to talk about the similarity of these attitudes: towards positivism and «descriptivism», theoretical thinking and scientific reason. Particular attention is paid to Wittgenstein and Heidegger’s interpretation of language, its relationship with the world. Fundamental differences in the thinking of both philosophers are also revealed. The author connects these differences both with the facts of their life - a significant difference in the nature of the philosophical education received, and with the resulting different attitude of Wittgenstein and Heidegger to the problems of logic and history.