SPECIFIC FEATURES OF DEFORMATION OF WOOD IN THE FORMATION OF imitation embossing
The paper presents a study of changes in physical and mechanical properties when forming imitation embossing with cold stamping on the surface of details from wood of deciduous species. It is noted that when the same technique of pressing, every tree species is different, since physical and mechanical properties of each type of wood are different. However, cells of any wood create porous structure that lends itself to deformation, while maintaining its integrity. With increasing wood density the elastic force and the resistance (stiffness) of the cell walls during the loading increases. The results of dimensional instability of the wood structure, obtained by using electron microscope JSM-6390, showed that wood cell with a certain mode of compression can not only be deformed (crumpled), but also to restore its original shape on average for 60-70 %. The recovery process of deformed cells was performed due to saturation of cell walls with water. During saturation, the cell moves the moisture from the outer to the inner layers of wood. Thus is the smooth recovery of the crumpled cells. Based on this principle the technology of artistic and decorative surface finishing of parts made of hardwoods by cold stamping was developed. This decorating technique is based on dimensional instability of wood cells by crushing to the limit of destruction and subsequent recovery. Artistic and decorative finishing by cold stamping form various relief patterns, with preservation of the wood structure, which enhances not only the beauty of the product or piece of furniture as a whole, but also the durability of the impression during operation.