Features of the State of Cellular Immunity in Patients with Hematology Diseases who have Undergone COVID-19
The effect of the new COVID-19 coronavirus infection on the immune system in patients with hematological diseases has not been sufficiently studied. After analyzing the experience of one hematology hospital, we assessed the impact of the new COVID-19 coronavirus infection on the cellular link of the immune system. From January to December 2021, 76 patients with various hematological diseases who underwent COVID-19 and are continuing treatment were examined. It was found that in 96% of cases after COVID-19, there is a development and aggravation of a decrease in the function of the immune system against the background of characteristic immunodeficiency in patients with hematological diseases. The patients as a result of the study were divided into 2 nosological groups: patients with lymphomas, 39 people, and patients with other hematological diseases, 37 people, and into 2 groups depending on the time elapsed after COVID-19 at the time of the study: 1-3 months after the infectious process, 41 patients, and 4 and more than months, 45 patients. There were no differences in the degree of immunodeficiency between the group of patients examined 1-3 months after COVID-19 and the group examined 4 months or more after COVID-19, both in the lymphoma group and in the group of other hematological diseases. It was found that in the lymphoma group, a decrease in the indicators of the B-cell link of adaptive immunity occurs 3 times more often in 92% of cases versus 33% in other hematological diseases, while the indicators of the T-cell link are correlated, 22% of patients in both groups have normal CD3 values. There were no differences in the change in the state of severity of immune system disorders between patients with severe lung tissue damage and patients with mild lung tissue damage on the background of COVID-19.