Substantiality of goods and mediality of values
The author contrasts the old differentiation of substantial goods and the modern differentiation of medial values, also defines the criteria of values. The substantial differentiation of goods is metaphysical; all goods are divided into elementary and artificial, material and spiritual. The modern differentiation specifies the values of civilization. These values ensure social life without brutality. They differ from material and spiritual goods. The values are about truly human communication, which prolongs our intellectual (truth), moral (justice) and expressive (art) achievements into other people’s lives. The more people are adopting the values of civilization (freedom, equality, human dignity), the more these values are becoming values. The imperative of humanism: everyone should help to each person to adopt these values. Civilization in the normative sense is the unity of culture and rational social system, ethical teleology and universal morality.