JUSTIFICATION OF PARAMETERS OF TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT FOR DISPOSAL OF DANGERED LEAVES
Problem and purpose. In the autumn, fallen leaves accumulate in gardens and park areas. At the same time, common methods of foliage disposal such as plowing, mulching or transporting to a landfill are not effective enough and cannot be applied everywhere, therefore it is necessary to create a low-cost way of its disposal. This method is the transformation of foliage into fertilizer, by extruding it with the addition of special preparations that promote rapid decomposition, saturating the soil with useful microelements. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the parameters of the extruder for obtaining a granular organic-mineral complex of fertilizers from fallen leaves. Methodology. An analysis of existing types of presses was carried out and the optimal type of working bodies for the disposal of fallen leaves was selected. On this basis, a laboratory installation was made in the form of a screw extruder. In order to select the most suitable drug for addition to extrusion, a comparative analysis of the properties of the most popular drugs was carried out. The composition of the produced mineral - organic complex is proposed. The technique for calculating the productivity of the proposed screw extruder is presented. Results. For research, the optimal type of working bodies of the press was selected, the most suitable for disposing of foliage by converting it into extrusion. The screw extruder is capable of wet pressing, which greatly facilitates the leaf utilization process, since the moisture content of the starting material is a significant factor. During pressing, the initial moisture content of the mixture for pressing was 40-50%, the heating temperature of the granules varied from 35 ° C to 44 ° C, depending on the type of leaves. Specific energy consumption for pressing ranged from 0.123 to 0.156 kW * h /kg. The extruder capacity was about 14.5 kg /h. Conclusion. From the initial products: fallen leaves, fertilizers and humates, the final product, an organomineral complex, was obtained to restore soil fertility. For better decomposition of the obtained granules during the extrusion of crushed leaves, humates of the Ekorost brand and nitrogen fertilizers KAS-32 were added.