Deep brain stimulation. How it controls movements in Parkinson’s disease?
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) involves implantation of electrodes in the basal ganglia of the brain. Dysregulation of neuronal activity in these structures is the cause of motor disorders. DBS is used in many motor (Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, dystonia, ticks, tardive dyskinesia and others), psychological, behavioral and affective (depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, epilepsy and others) disorders, as well as in severe pain syndromes resistant to drug therapy. However, the mechanisms of action of DBS are not fully understood. Currently, different theories and hypotheses are considered which explain its mechanism of treatment: rate model, “jamming” theory, hypotheses about the effect on neurogenesis, astrocyte activity, increased brain circulation, electrotaxis, etc.