Influence of biologization approaches on the microbiota of the vineyard
It is well known that the cultivation of industrial vineyards using intensive technology has a negative impact on the state of ampelocenosis components. Under the influence of anthropogenic factors, there is a violation of the soil structure, especially such soil management type as “black fallow”, its water-physical and agrochemical properties are wasted, the level of soil fertility decreases. When applying large doses of pesticides and agrochemicals, a large amount of heavy metals and pesticide residues gets into the agrocenosis of the vineyard. However, there are biologized methods of growing grapes that, while maintaining the same levels of yield and product quality, do not harm the environment. Elements of biologization of viticulture include the use of fertilizing, bioprotective microbial preparations, as well as grassing the soil between rows with perennial grasses in order to enrich the ampelocenosis with fresh organic matter. The article presents the results of research conducted in the vineyard to determine the complex effect of microbial preparations and soil grassing between the rows by perennial grasses on bacterial count of the main ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms involved in the transformation of soil organic matter. It was found that the use of a complex of microbial preparations (CMP) by the background of grassing contributed to an increase in bacterial count of the ecological-trophic groups studied by us in the rhizosphere of ‘Chardonnay’ grapes compared to the control (without inoculation): by 1.3 times on average.