THE INFLUENCE OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (EXOSOMES) OF MESENCHYMAL STROMAL CELLS ON BONE TISSUE REGENERATION
There is a necessary to create new methods of cell therapy that do not have the disadvantages of the direct MSC application, but which influence the bone tissue regeneration with the same effectiveness. Cells influence each other and exchange the functional proteins and genetic material through the secretion of exosomes which can be also applied for the impact on tissue regeneration. Exosomes strengthen proliferation, migration and act as the inductors of differentiation of MSC in the determined direction including osteogenic one that leads to the considerable acceleration of bone defect reparation. The delivery of microRNA and various regulating cytokines is a possible mechanism of optimization of tissue reparation by exosomes. The action of exosomes to a large extent is similar to effects of MSC. The creation of animals with preset properties has good prospects. However, the assessment of therapeutic potential and use in future clinical tests of the extracellular vesicles secreted by various cells, demands their total characteristic, standardization of strictly particular conditions of storage and receiving, removal xenogenic and others substances, bound to the source. The application of exosomes has high potential for reparative medicine, in particular, for acceleration of bone tissue regeneration, and opens new paths of medical research.