NON-EQUIVALENCE AND INTERFERENCE OF CONCEPTS IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES: EVIDENCE FROM THE UDMURT AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES
The paper shows the discrepancy between «equivalent» words in different languages based on the contrastive analysis of Udmurt and Russian concepts, which are usually identified in bilingual dictionaries and mastered by people while learning languages. Non-equivalence of concepts in different languages is natural and logical, because our way of life, philosophy, and traditions, which determine national culture in a broad sense of the word, are different. However, the interference of concepts in the national language is influenced by the dominant language and culture: the conceptual system is gradually being rebuilt, even if no linguistic symbols (words) are being borrowed. The replacement of inclusive personal pronoun aśmeos ‘we (with you)' by exclusive pronoun mi ‘we (without you)' in the speech of the Udmurt youth provides a shining example of concept neutralization.