The influence of application of basic soil treatment and fertilizer on the yield of chick-pea in Almaty region
Problem and purpose.The purpose of the research is to establish the influence of the use of different methods of basic tillage and the introduction of phosphorus fertilizer on the change in chemical and physical parameters of light chestnut slightly washed rain-fed soil in the middle part of the slope of the eastern exposure in the main phases of chickpea development and its yield. Methods. Experimental studies were carried out on an experimental field on the land use territory of Kazniizir LLP in the Karasai district of Almaty region, located on a 5-hectare semi-sedimentary bogara. In the experiment, 3 systems of basic tillage for chickpeas were used: plowing by 20-22 cm, flat-cut processing by 10-12 cm, chisel processing by 30-35 cm. In the experiment, ammophos was used when sowing chickpeas of the Kamila variety at a rate of 60 kg of active substance per hectare Results.During the growing season of chickpeas, the availability of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen in the soil was low (43-86 mg/ kg) and tended to increase from germination to harvesting of the crop on the plowing options by 20-22 cm, flat-cut treatment by 10-12 cm and chisel treatment by 30-35 cm. The introduction of ammophos at a rate of 60 kg of active substance per hectare during chickpea sowing contributed to maintaining the content of mobile phosphorus in the soil at an increased and average level of security from the beginning of the resumption of vegetation to the average at the end of its completion on the methods of basic tillage used. The content of exchangeable potassium in the soil was sufficient, although from the germination phase to the ripening phase of chickpea beans, a decrease was noted on plowing by 20-22 cm from 347 mg/kg to 312 mg/ kg remaining at an elevated level, on flat-cutting processing by 10-12 cm - from high security - 440 mg/kg to increased - 323 mg/kg, on chisel processing by 30-35 cm - from an increased level of security - 314 mg/kg to an average of 287 mg/kg. Conclusion. The introduction of ammophos in the norm of 60 kg of active substance per hectare and the use of flat-cut treatment for 10-12 cm on lightly washed soil in the middle part of the slope of the eastern exposure in the semi-arid zone of the Almaty region ensured the formation of the highest yield of chickpeas of the Kamila variety -15.0 c/ ha.