STENTING AND ISOLATED BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY FOR CENTRAL VENOUS STENOSIS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING HEMODIALYSIS
Objective. To carry out comparative analysis of the results of isolated balloon angioplasty (BA) and BA with stenting of the central venous stenosis (CVS) in patients undergoing hemodialysis . Methods. A retrospective study included patients (n=62) with CVS. The isolated BA was performed in 39 patients. Stenting was added to isolated BA in 23 patients. Results. Primary functional patency of the arteriovenous fistula after 1 and 3 years in the BA group was 89.7% [95%CI 74.9; 96] and 30.8% [95%CI 17.3; 45.4]; after stenting: 100% and 30.4% [95%CI 13.5; 49.3]; HR=0.8756 [95%CI 0.527; 1455], p=0.5994. Primary patency after 6 and 12 months in the BA group was 61.5% [95%CI 44.5; 74.7] and 15.4% [95%CI 6.2; 28.3]; after stenting: 82.6% [95%CI 60.1; 93.1] and 47.8% [95%CI 26.8; 66.1]; HR=0.4845 [95%CI 0.2938; 0.799], p=0.0017. Secondary functional patency after 1, 3 and 5 years in the BA group was 100%, 74.4% [95%CI 57.6; 85.3] and 12.8% [95%CI 4.7; 25.2]; after stenting: 100%, 91.3% [95%CI 69.5; 97.8] and 34.8% [95%CI 16.6; 53.7]; HR=0.4764 [95% CI 0.2888; 0.786], p=0.0016. Secondary patency after 6, 12 and 24 months in the BA group was 84.6% [95%CI 68.9; 92.8], 66.7% [95%CI 49.6; 79.1] and 17.9% [95%CI 7.9; 31.3]; after stenting: 91.3% [95%CI 69.5; 97.8], 78.3% [95%CI 55.4; 90.3] and 43.5% [95%CI 23.3; 62.1]; HR=0.4925 [95%CI 0.2988; 0.8119], p=0.0021. Correlation between primary functional patency and primary patency was r= -0.627; p<0.0001, between primary functional patency and secondary patency - r= -0.53; p=0.0005 in the BA group; after stenting: r= -0.351; p=0.101 and r= -0.304; p=0.159, respectively. Conclusion. The results of BA significantly depend on the stage stenosis. The use of stenting can slightly improve the results regardless the CVS terms. What this paper adds Firstly, it has been proved that the time period between the onset of the arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis and the clinical manifestation of central venous stenosis has a significant impact on the results of endovascular interventions. The effectiveness of balloon angioplasty has been established to be significantly reduced in a case of «late» stenosis correction. Stenting did not significantly improve clinical outcome of endovascular intervention in central venous stenosis regardless of stenosis stage.