Technology of growing oyster mushrooms in a closed production cycle
The article presents the results of research in the field of the application of new organizational and technological systems in mushroom growing, in particular, for the cultivation of the widespread mushroom culture such as oyster mushrooms, which takes the second place (about 1.5 million tons) in the world production of fruit bodies of cultivated mushrooms after champignon (2.8 million tons). The possibility of using closed technological processes for growing vegetable and fungus cultures in protected soil with the purpose of reusing organic substrates for oyster culture is consifered. In the closed production cycles the use of earlier utilized coconut material brought its actual initial cost to zero, minimizing cost for buying raw materials, initial materials, and expenses for their transportation. It was shown that the substratum that was distinguished by productivity had the following structure: coconut material after the first year of use (1 year) + hemp hurds + wheat bran (20%:75%:5%), and with yield of 3.2 kg from 10 kg of a substrate (32%). By our calculations the level of productivity of mushrooms not less than 20% of the mass of a substratum (200 kg/t), which was in accordance with technological cultivation norms for fruit bodies was economically effective. In this case profitability was 33%. Stable production profitability has been achieved by the level of productivity of an oyster mushroom to 30-35% from the substratum mass, with profitability, 95-127% respectively.