The Problem of Denotation of Old High German ‘nesso’ in Charms
This article focuses on the etymology of Old High German ‘nesso’ - a controversial lexeme used in the prominent for German studies charms („Pro nessia” and „Contra vermes“) as well as in a range of less examined literary works. She gives the background of this issue, systematizes the existing interpretations of this lexeme, analyzes their validity regarding modern data and supplements them with her own conclusions illustrating the mechanism of denotation. The methodological framework has been developed under the influence of Russian and foreign linguists, culturologists and specialists in charm literature; the variety of analyzed sources is reflected in references. The relevance of the study is justified by the growing interest in folklore genres among scholars and insufficient research work conducted on this matter in domestic science. Using methods of etymological analysis, she suggests new ways to interpret the lexeme: OHG ‘nesso’ < PGmc *net- ‘bind, coil’; PGmc *nata-, *nataz > OHG naz, nezzen, Germ. netzen ‘moisten’; OHG ‘nesso’ as a contraction of OHG nichessa ‘water ghost’, ‘water monster’. The research is based not only on the relevant sources of the German tradition, many of which appear in such a study for the first time, but also on some parallels found in Slavic folklore texts. Thus, from the author’s point of view, the disputed nature of ‘nesso’ could be revealed through examination of some particular Slavic charms against fever and whitlow. The author comes to the conclusion that Slavic and German prescientific notions of bacterial infections have a lot in common; the same is also true for the methods of their prevention and cure. The author hopes that the results of her research will help to close the gap in the declared problematics and contribute to the solution of the problem. The drawn conclusions will interest specialists in the field of history of the German language and literature as well as folkloristics and medicine of the Middle Ages.