ARCHITECTURAL SCHOOLS OF THE 21ST CENTURYALTERNATIVE FIELD OF CONCEPTS AND IDEAS
The article is devoted to the study of modern architectural schools represented by Architectural Association School of Architecture in London, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Technical Universities of Munich, Berlin, Delft, Yale University, Harvard Graduate School of Design and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The field of concepts and ideas formed by architectural institutions is understood as an alternative to the dominant tendencies of contemporary architecture. Three conceptual lines associated with the notions are revealed: machine, virtuality and game. The article discovers their specific meaning, its real theoretical origins and related architectural techniques and solutions. Each of the selected concepts reflects its own line of alternatives to the architectural tendencies of the 21st century. The machine is an alternative to understanding the computer as a new principle of construction and thinking. Virtuality is an alternative to its interpretation through visual illusions, imitations and computer technologies. The game is an alternative to design methods based on functional, climatic, economic and other external factors. As a result, the ideas of the machine, virtuality and game are transformed into three structural models of the relationship to the project as a whole: the project as an internal interrelation, the project as a layering of structural levels, the project as a field of transformations and deformations. Each of these models is approved as a design method outside of style concepts, formed during the studying.