University paperwork as a management practice. The Russian experience of the first half of the XIXth century
On the basis of archival and legislative sources, template documents, rate of workflow and pattern of paperwork in Russian universities of the first half of the XIXth century are reconstructed. The authors consider paperwork as an administrative practice which let the Ministry to inculcate in professors the functionary identity, the ethos of allegiance to the government and make them relinquish their administrative autonomy of their own accord.