Thinking activity of the subject of educational and practical activities: process analysis, accompanying control and stimulation
The article provides a brief analysis of the methodological principles of the activity approach, which defends the active nature of thinking as an activity and process. The development of active thinking and personality occurs in activities in which a person acts as an active subject. The results of thinking are images. Image construction is described by the activity paradigm. The student's thinking activity in educational activities is most fully manifested when solving problems with practice-oriented content and when performing various types of practical tasks. At the same time, we believe that the activity of thinking is broader than universal educational actions due to selectivity, volitional qualities, attention, and performance results. In the experimental part of the study, indicators of thinking activity are named: planning skills; motives for choosing a task; logic and consistency; optimality (minimization of unnecessary actions); the level of reasoning (descriptive, explanatory, predictive) and their evidence; independence (group autonomy); focus (purposefulness); the quality of conclusions, the desire to understand the shortcomings and eliminate comments; time spent. The article describes the procedures of pedagogical measurements related to obtaining analytical information and methods of its processing, determining the general indicator of thinking activity and the dynamics of its development. Based on the data of accompanying control, methods and techniques for stimulating students' activity in educational and practical activities are proposed. The exclusive role of dialogue communication and reflection in the professional development of a competent specialist is emphasized. Based on the results obtained, the conclusion is made about the development of thinking activity, and along with it, the culture of thinking in compliance with methodological and organizational-procedural principles, systematic accompanying control and accompanying stimulation of students in educational activities in various types of practical training sessions.