Reserves of adaptation in the cardiovascular continuum
Aim. Study of the adaptation reserves in the cardiovascular continuum on the base of cardiovascular tests that activate the sympathetic and parasympathetic regulatory departments. Material and methods. 242 people were examined. The groups of practically healthy persons, patients with vegetovascular dystonia (VVD), arterial hypertension (AH), ischemic heart disease (IHD) and postinfarction cardiosclerosis (PIC) were formed. To assess the reserves of adaptation, there were conducted the cardiovascular tests that activate the sympathetic or parasympathetic regulatory departments. The parameters of heart rate variability were measured before, during, and after the load.Results and discussion. A hyporeactive type of sympathetic reaction and parasympathetic depression in the IHD group were revealed. There was recorded the increase of the frequency of paradoxical reactions as the severity of the pathology increases. A quantitative criterion for estimating the reserves of adaptation was developed. In comparison with healthy individuals in the VVD group, the adaptation reserves were increased by 13.5%, which indicates the hyperreactivity. The increase of the severity of pathology is associated with a significant decrease of the reserves of adaptation: in the AH group - by 34.8%, in the IHD group - by 76.1%, in the PIC group - by 91.3%. Conclusion. A complex of cardiovascular tests that stimulate the sympathetic or parasympathetic regulation lets to assess quantitatively the adaptation reserves of the cardiovascular system. On the base of systematic analysis of the reactions of 68 healthy individuals and 174 patients to cardiovascular tests, there was revealed a significant regression of the adaptation reserves as the severity of the pathology progressed.