Differentiation of Communities of Ground Invertebrates in the Urban Environment (exemplified by Kaluga)
The authors have investigated 34 samples of invertebrates in urban area: predominant taxons are ground beetles (Carabidae), rove beetles (Staphylinidae) and spiders (Aranei). Classification of arthropod communities reflects habitat properties if the survey concerns herpetobionts sensu lato (as biocenotic layer). And there is no satisfactory classification, if the survey considers herpetobionts sensu stricto (as life form). Differentiation of arthropod communities in urban area is influenced mainly with density of canopy. There are wooded habitats, which have higher abundance of millipedes (Julida), stone centipedes (Lithobiomorpha) and round fungus beetles (Cholevinae), and grass habitats, which have higher abundance of spiders, bugs (Heteroptera), leafhoppers (Auchenorrhyncha). Density of canopy influences on abundance of grasshoppers (Orthoptera), click beetles (Elateridae), harvestmen (Opiliones). But there are some cases, where wooded habitat has invertebrate complex like complexes of surrounding grass habitats. Forests, gardens and yards are poorly distinguished with each other. Plugging increase abundance of ground beetles and leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae). Building and artificial surface are not significant factors of invertebrate communities’ composition.