Characteristics of the breeding herd of the simmental breed according to the main selected characteristics
Problem and purpose. The purpose of the research is to study the breeding and productive qualities of Simmental cattle in the conditions of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic imported from the Voronezh region. Methods. The object and place of research: the breeding stock of the Simmental breed belonging to the breeding reproducer for breeding animals of the Simmental breed SEC breeding plant «Zarya-1» of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. The productive and reproductive qualities of cows were analyzed based on the materials of zootechnical and breeding records, as well as the database «SELEX. Dairy cattle». Results. It was found that out of the entire breeding stock of animals, the representation of the elite-record class was dominant, which amounted to 93%, the remaining 7% were individuals of the elite class. For all groups of first heifers, milk yield was registered at the level of 5114 kg with a fat content in milk of 4,03%, protein - 3,43%, the amount of milk fat of 204 kg and milk protein of 175 kg, and regardless of the group affiliation of first heifers, they significantly exceeded the minimum requirements for cows of the Simmental breed of the corresponding lactation. The interline differences in productivity were reduced to the fact that individuals of the smallest line - Celotes (5 heads) were characterized by high maleness, which reached 6043 kg of milk against 4997 (P>0,999) and 5055 (P>0,999) kg - in the peers of the Honiga 803610032 and Vis Back Idial 1013415 lines, and the latter turned out to be more fatty and protein-dairy, in which these indicators were higher on average by 0,14-0,27 abs. percent. Regardless of the dairy productivity of groups of cows, all livestock differed in optimal values of reproductive capacity: the service period was 56-86 days and the interbody interval was 338-368 days. The offspring of calved cows were characterized by intensive growth during all periods of cultivation. Conclusion.The analysis of breeding and productive qualities of Simmental cattle in the breeding reproducer of the SEC breeding plant «Zarya-1» of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic testifies to the well-established breeding work in the herd, the possibilities of further productivity growth and increasing the profitability of milk production.