PROJECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SAKHALIN ISLAND IN THE ASSESSMENTS OF CONTEMPORARIES (THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX - EARLY XX CENTURY)
In this article, the task is to consider the projects for the development of Sakhalin, which existed in the middle of the XIX-beginning of the XX century. Using the comparative method, it turns out that one of their main differences was in the method of colonizing these territories, through agriculture or through the extraction of minerals and fish resources. Another important point was the dispute over who was supposed to carry out these projects, the free population or convicts and exiled settlers. Based on the materials analyzed, we will explain why the government chose one or another of these options and what this ultimately led to.