Amino acid and fatty acid compositions of beef obtained from Kalmyk steers of various breeding types
Separation of various zonal and breeding types in Kalmyk cattle affects the level of productivity, exterior constitutional peculiarities and the unique genealogical structure of herds. However, the variability of meat quality indicators in conjunction with the origin of various breed structural elements is not well understood. The purpose of the work was to study the characteristics of amino acid and fatty acid compositions of protein and muscle tissue lipids in the Kalmyk steers of different breeding types. The object of the study was 15-month Kalmyk steers: group I - young animlas of type «Aita», group II - factory-type animals «Voznesenovsky». Ecological zones of origin of experimental steers differ in climatic characteristics. The maximum content of essential amino acids was found in steers of the type «Aita» by 3.41% (P≤0.05). Significant intergroup differences were identified by the synthesis of lysine, histidine, and valine. Young animals of Voznesenovsky type were characterized by a greater share of saturated fatty acids in the composition of muscle tissue lipids. Their peers of the breeding type «Aita» were distinguished by an increased ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids by 0.09 units. (P≤0.05). Thus, the differentiation of Kalmyk cattle into factory types caused differences in the amino acid and fatty acid compositions of beef.