Factors of different quality seeds of green cultures of the Brassicaceae family
Relevance The phenomenon of the different quality of seeds of the sowing seed Eruca sativa, Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Brassica juncea by coloring was studied. Color heterogeneity is usually combined with the size and weight of seeds. Methods Research tasks: determine the number of seeds available for coloring in depending on different years of reproduction; identify the best fractions of morphological, physiological and productive qualities; to study the peculiarities of influence on the manifestation of ecological, agrotechnical and hereditary factors heterospermia. Results Seeds with a higher mass of 1000 were predominantly dark in color. The content of total nitrogen in light seeds was 0.2-0.3%, and crude protein was 1.3-1.9% more than dark-colored ones. The distribution of seeds of different colors in batches of different years of reproduction is shown. The best fractions of seeds by morphological, physiological and productive qualities are revealed. It has been shown that productivity and its components are higher in plants grown from seeds of dark color. The correlation of the parameters of seeds of different quality with the weather conditions of the vegetation period is noted. For all three crops, there was a steady increase in the proportion of light seeds with an increase in average daily air temperature (r = 0.59-0.94). The features of the influence of environmental, agrotechnical and hereditary factors on the manifestations of heterospermia are studied. However, the degree of influence of environmental, including agrotechnical factors in some cases turns out to be much stronger. The maximum proportion of dark (most productive) seeds is provided by a combination of optimal weather conditions, agrotechnical methods (early sowing, ripening), seed collection from shoots 1-3 orders of branching and use for sowing the dark fraction of seeds.