Epizootiological and Epidemiological Situation on Tularemia in the Republic of Karelia
The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological and epizootiological situation on tularemia in the Republic of Karelia, and to develop a set of preventive (anti-epidemic) measures. Materials and methods. On the basis of statistical observation data, primary medical documentation and literature data, the morbidity of the population, the number of vaccinated persons, the results of laboratory studies of small mammals, arthropods and environmental objects, the species composition of hosts and vectors of infection were assessed. The situation in the republic was compared to the situation in Finland and neighboring regions of Russia. Results and discussion. The incidence of tularemia was registered in the Republic of Karelia in 1950-1971 (52 cases) and in 2010-2020 (121 cases). In the last decade, mainly the ulceroglandular forms have been diagnosed, the urban population predominated among the patients. In all cases, infection was transmitted through mosquito bites, i. e., not associated with professional activities. There are floodplainswamp and forest types of natural foci in the republic. The results of their monitoring are indicative of the activation of the epizootic process, covering almost the entire territory of Karelia. In several areas bordering tularemia disadvantaged areas of Finland and Russia, a high infection rate of rodents was detected, but tularemia patients were not registered. For an adequate assessment of the situation, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of surveying natural foci, study the immune structure of the population and improve the diagnosis of infection. The main areas of preventive (anti-epidemic) measures are vaccination of persons with professional risk of infection and persons living near the activated micro-foci of infection; reduction of the area of fields not used in agriculture; reclamation work, combating landfills, regular removal of waste from the territories of permanent and temporary residence of the population; the use of effective repellents; raising awareness of the population and authorities about the situation, symptoms of the disease, measures of its prevention.