U.S. Department of Defense’s information operations: strategy, functions, planning
Information operations of the Pentagon have been significantly revised in recent years. Their content, strategies, and agencies have been transformed. The authors conclude that the new apparatus of the U.S. information operations encompasses a variety of such information-related capabilities as military information support operations, deception, operations security, electronic warfare, public diplomacy, cyberspace operations as well as civil-military operations. The article identifies that the planning of information campaigns is a complex seven-step process that involved several departments.