Psychological and pedagogical prevention of fears of preschool children
The article is devoted to the study of the fears of preschool children. Today, actual for practical psychology and pedagogy is the problem of identifying the child’s mental ill-being and finding the most effective ways of prevention, including the fears of preschoolers. Based on this problem, we have studied the theoretical aspects of a conceptual nature. From the perspective of the topic under study, the views of various authors on the causes of such an emotion as fear are analyzed and characterized. Subject to consideration was the issue of identifying the characteristic and significant features of the occurrence of fears of preschool children. The results of an empirical study of fears of preschool children are presented, as well as the prevailing species are highlighted. Due attention is paid to the consideration of anxiety of preschool children, namely the emphasis on levels of fear. Based on the analysis of the experience of teachers in organizing preventive activities, a program for the prevention of fears of preschool children in the following areas is developed: axiological, instrumental, and need-motivational. These directions reflect the “I-concept” of the child’s personality, it is with the acceptance of oneself as who the first step to confronting their fears begins (axiological direction), then work is organized to preschoolers realize the causal relationships of their emotions (instrumental direction) and the final stage - this is a work aimed at combating one’s sense of fear, or at reducing its effect on the personality of a preschooler (need-motivational direction).