Cognitive-Institutional and Subject-Disciplinary Mobility of the Russian Natural Scientists in the XVIII - the First Half of the XIX Centuries
Cognitive-institutional and subject-disciplinary aspects of forming of the Russian natural scientists community in the 18<sup>th</sup> - first half of the 19<sup>th</sup> centuries are researched based on the scientists professional mobility concept. The origins of the natural science (biologists, chemists, physicists, mineralogists and geologists) disciplinary communities are traced. Processes of scientists’ socialization within the new organizational forms of experimental science (research expeditions, chemical, physical and mineralogical laboratories, meteorological observatories, pilot workshops, gardens, fields and farms) are considered. The paper is focusing on questions of scientists specialization which began in Academy of Sciences and was developed in higher educational institutions and scientific and practical societies. Conclusions in the context of the current research may represent a reference point for further study of historical and scientific problems of scientists’ professional activity.