Analyzing capabilities of quantum computers and quantum calculations for cryptanalysis of modern cryptosystems
The main trends of the science and technology development in the field of quantum physics and quantum calculations are considered in the paper. It has been shown that over the past few years plenty of new discoveries and achievements have been made in the field of quantum physics, all these events, anyway, had a great influence on the invention and production of quantum computers. Many communities around the world have been engaged in the develop-ment of quantum computers and some of them have achieved significant results in it by now.It is shown that using quantum algorithms of Shor and Grover, which can be fulfilled on a properly implemented quantum computer, can compromise some symmetric and asymmetric cryptosystems. The analysis results of endurance of the known block ciphers regarding the quantum cryptanalysis are given. It is also shown that some of them are not able to resist the quantum cryptanalysis method based on Grover‘s algorithm.The analysis of Shor‘s algorithm possibilities, which can significantly reduces computational costs for solving mathematical problems of endurance of modern asymmetric cryptoalgorithms, is given. Herewith, Shor‘s quantum algorithm diminishes the complexity of the cryptanalysis from exponential and subexponential to polynomial. In addition, the assessment of quantum computer resources is given in the paper, which are necessary for the quantum cryptanalysis concerning such cryptosystems as DSA, RSA, EC and NTRU