Parental Rights to Determine the Child’s Place of Residence and the Order of Communication with the Child: Issues of Theory and Practice
The paper deals with interrelations between the rights to determine the place of residence of the child, determination of the order of communication with a parent and the parental right to upbringing, including, as a stage of the mechanism of legal regulation, secondary, accessory and derivative rights. The latter category (not yet established in private Russian law) is the most proportionate to the phenomenon under consideration. The paper analyzes judicial law enforcement practice for the year 2020. On the basis of a continuous sample, both statistical and meaningful conclusions are made. Judicial enforcement in cases of determining the place of residence of a child remains discriminatory against fathers. The status of a parent living separately from the child is also diminished by the courts (through, in particular, reservations in the operative part of the court decision, making its enforcement dependent on the will of the other parent; decreasing communication time; uncertainty and ambiguity of wording making the decision unenforceable, etc.). Against this background, the cases of bringing such a parent to responsibility for improper upbringing look especially groundless.