The diagnostic Value of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Women with Growth-Restricted Fetuses
Study Objective: To assess delivery outcomes in women with slow fetal growth (ICD-10 code P05) and study serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its diagnostic value in patients with growth-restricted fetuses that have constitutional low weight, in order to choose an approach to pregnancy management. Study Design: This was a prospective and retrospective comparative study. Materials and Methods: The medical charts of 782 women who had given birth to low-weight babies in 2013 and 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. The prospective part of the study involved measuring serum levels of VEGF in 150 pregnant women: 50 women with growth-restricted fetuses (Group I), 50 women with low-weight fetuses without hemodynamic disruptions or placental abnormalities (Group II), and 50 women with healthy pregnancies (Group III). Based on the babies' gestational term at birth, the women in each group were divided into two subgroups: between 22 weeks and 0 days and 31 weeks and 6 days (subgroup 1) and >32 weeks and 0 days (subgroup 2). The data obtained were processed using descriptive statistics and compared with data obtained through other fetal assessments. Study Results: The pregnant women with growth-restricted fetuses had higher VEGF levels by a statistically significant margin (p<0.00001) than the women in groups II and III: median levels were 310 (Q<sub>1</sub>-Q<sub>3</sub>: 270-508), 33 (Q<sub>1</sub>-Q<sub>3</sub>: 31-38), and 36 (Q<sub>1</sub>-Q<sub>3</sub>: 32-40) pg/mL, respectively, in subgroups 1 and 174 (Q<sub>1</sub>-Q<sub>3</sub>: 100-214), 78 (Q<sub>1</sub>-Q<sub>3</sub>: 73-86), and 82 (Q<sub>1</sub>-Q<sub>3</sub>: 78-88) pg/mL, respectively, in subgroups 2. VEGF levels >100 pg/mL were associated with fetal growth restriction (FGR) (p = 0.0001) and levels >200 pg/mL with a high risk of antenatal fetal death (p = 0.026) or early neonatal death (p = 0.03). Conclusion: For women with growth-restricted fetuses, VEGF serum levels >200 pg/mL are an additional risk factor for unfavorable perinatal outcomes, which helps to optimize obstetrical management for these patients.