Cultivation of winter rye for forage in a mix with winter vetch
The purpose of researches - to raise nutritional value of vegetative raw material of a winter rye for reception of high-quality voluminous forages (green mass, grain-hay mix) and grain-forage by crop with winter vetch. Three field experiences were conducted: at cultivation of vetch-rye mixes for green mass and grain in three rotations (in 2004, 2005 and 2006), for grain-hay mix - in two rotations (in 2008 and 2009). It is established, that with breeding of winter-hardy varieties of winter vetch, such as Lugovskaya 2, the winter rye at cultivation for forage should be sowed with winter vetch that provides stably high efficiency of high-protein fodder mass. At early use of vetch-rye mixes for green forage optimum seed rates are: of winter rye Falenskaya 4 - 3.6 mln./ha, winter vetch - Lugovskaya 2 - 1.6 mln./ha. This grain mixture provided both high output of exchange energy - about 65.7 GD/ha, high protein content - 733.2 kg/ha, and 144.9 g of digestible protein per 1 fodder unit. Cultivation of vetch-rye mixes for grain-hay is perspective at seed rates of 4.8 mln./ha for winter rye, and 0.8 mln./ha for vetch; for increase a crude protein crop accordingly - 4.2 and 1.2 mln./ha. Harvesting at a phase of milk-wax up to wax ripeness of winter rye grain provided an output of exchange energy more than 70 GD/ha and gathering of a protein - from 413 up to 493 kg/ha.