The problem of the subject in pedagogy and in pedagogy of physical culture and sports
The article states that without the philosophical understanding of methodology, subject matter, objectives and a number of related issues of the pedagogy of physical culture and sports its further development and formation are impossible. Question about the pedagogy of physical culture and sport as a science still remains open; therefore, the author is interested in this problem and tries to solve it, at least partially. An idea is substantiated that the development of the theory and methodology of physical culture and other pedagogical sciences should inevitably lead to a new round of differentiation and integration in pedagogical, social and related natural sciences. The main attention is drawn to the application of the category "subject" in the scientific reflection of physical culture and sports. Basing on the views on the category "subject", the author comes to a conclusion that the category of subject in science is understood ambiguously, so one should explicitly identify the understanding of the term in any context From the point of view of pedagogy, the person is perceived as a subject and as an object at present. Noting the importance of sports culture, the author understands it as an integrative personal entity which includes a system of means, methods and results of physical training and sports activities aimed at the perception, reproduction, creation and distribution of sports goods and technologies. The article argues that the sports culture of the person is formed in the process of person''s interiorization of cultural and educational potential, values and techniques of sports, as well as in the result of the experience of sports activities and filling them with personal sense. The author provides the objective and subjective factors determining the needs, interests and motives of students'' engagement in active sports activities. Objective factors include: the condition of the sports facilities, the focus of the educational process on physical culture and content of classes, the level of requirements of the curriculum; the instructor; students'' health condition; the frequency of classes; their duration and emotional coloring. Preparation of students to the independent practice of physical culture, manifestation of its individual components are not possible without reflection which is understood as the theoretical form of human activity aimed at understanding one''s own actions and their laws; the activity of self-discovery revealing the specifics of the person''s spiritual world. The problem of philosophical reflection of the phenomena of physical culture and sports, on the one hand, and education, on the other, is a very important and promising direction of research for the pedagogy of physical culture and sports as a new field of knowledge.