ON ADDITIONAL FORTIFICATION OF MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENTS
This article discusses additional defense constructions in the settlements located on the territory of the Middle Volga in the tenth-sixteenth centuries. Here, we identify all types of design, which are divided into several groups and emphasize their importance for the whole defense complex of medieval settlements. We also analyze the methods of construction and functional characteristics of these fortifications, and draw attention to the possible origin of these defensive devices. The article presents the evolution of these fortification constructions throughout the period of time under study.