Development of a Modern System of Protection of Gonads and Fetus in International Recommendations (ICRP) and Domestic Radiation Safety Standards
The history of the protection development for gonads and fetus from exposure to ionizing radiation is described for the international system of radiation protection (ICRP) and the national standards of radiation safety (NRB). Scientific approaches and principles underlying the dose limitation for gonads and fetus are addressed. It is shown that up to 1990 (before ICRP Publication 60), the basic principle of dose limitation was the exclusion of deterministic effects. Since 1990, basic principles of international recommendations for the protection of human exposure is the reduction to the lowest level of possible stochastic effects including genetic and carcinogenic ones. The issues of the effectiveness of this principle in national standards of radiation safety related to the planned increased professional exposure are discussed.