Application of mineral fertilizers and bacterial preparations in the cultivation of winter barley on ordinary chernozem in the conditions of the Lower Don
The experiments were carried out in 2018-2021 on ordinary chernozem in the conditions of the Rostov region. The winter barley variety Master was cultivated. The predecessor is corn for grain. Mineral fertilizers included ammonium nitrate (34.4%), ammophos (12-52), nitroammophos (16-16-16). Nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers (a fertilizer mixture of ammonium nitrate and ammophos) and nitroammophoska (16-16-16) were applied when sowing barley, ammonium nitrate was applied by a surface method randomly in the spring tillering phase. Bacterial preparations contain strains of associative nitrogen-fixing microorganisms: Mizorin, Rizoagrin, Extrasol. They were applied to barley seeds in the pre-sowing period. It has been established that the use of the bacterial preparation Mizorin (600 g/ha) against the background of pre-sowing application of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer at a dose of N30P30, nitrogen top dressing with ammonium nitrate at a dose of 30 kg/a.i. ha increased the increase in grain yield on average over three years compared with the control variant (without the use of agrochemicals) by 0.71 t/ha, or 14.4%. The application of the biological preparation Mizorin without mineral fertilizers increased the yield by 0.31 t/ha, or 6.3%, compared to the control variant. In 2019-2021, the average protein content in the grain of winter barley in the control variant was 10.7%, which ensured the collection of protein 525 kg/ha. Against the background of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers at a dose of N30P30 and nitrogen supplementation at a dose of 30 kg/ha, the maximum increase in protein content was in the variant using Mizorin, which was 1.1% compared to the control variant, while the protein yield in the crop increased by 138 kg/ha, or by 26.3%.