AZERBAYJANI ENLIGHTENER’S POINTS OF VIEW ON THE PROBLEMS OF EDUCATION AND UPBRINGING
The article is devoted to the investigation of enlightening points of view of Azerbaijani poet and playwright Guseyn Djavid in the sphere of educational system’s reform. There are provided brief biographical data about Guseyn Djavid, the influence of Muhammed Tagi Kerbalai Safar oglu Safarov on the prospective speech art master’s coming into being, his correspondence with Qurbanali Sharifzade is mentioned. The article considered such publicist works of Guseyn Djavid as “Friendly Conversation”, “War and Literature”, “Mirza Abdulla Muhammedzade, A. Sur or Abdulla Tofiq”, the poet’s letters to the mentor Sidgi and the intellectual G. Sharifzade, in which the author, basing on philosophical and aesthetic statements of the thinkers of the past, expresses his own attitude to the problems of enlightenment end culture, highlights the advantages of new methodological schools, offers the system of reforming of the educational system, analyses the structure of schools and curriculum. There are investigated the enlightener’s thoughts about the leading role of primary education, the importance of family upbringing and the necessity of education for females. Guseyn Djavid’s statements about the pedagogue’s personality and his role in the nurturing of the nation’s ‘future’, as well as about the state of teachers in the society contemporaneous with him, are considered. There is mentioned that Guseyn Djavid, who studied at traditional national (cleric) and new methodological (usul-i-djadid) schools, inherited the best things of all suggested by the both schools, and made up his curriculum on the basis of the synthesis of European (foreign) and Eastern (native) educational systems. The main aim of the poet’s and playwright’s life and creative works was serving his nation, serving his Motherland. The pedagogical reform, which had to become a part of Cultural Revolution in his country, was targeted at the compatriots’ future generation’s upbringing, able to evaluate native culture and be aware of scientific, technical and social progress as well. In conclusion the author of the article concludes that in enlightening points of view of Azerbaijani playwright Guseyn Djavid, as well as in his artistic creative works, there is the brightly exposed synthesis of Eastern (native) and European (foreign) cultures, in which the artist foresaw the solution of many contemporaneous problems of cultural and social life.