Morphofunctional peculiarities of pla-centes in accuracy and somatic pathology (literature review)
In the conditions of the existing demographic crisis, the preservation and strengthening of the reproductive health of women is an important general medical and social task. Histological and physiological features of the placenta are a universal indicator of the fetal condition, course and outcome of pregnancy, so it is important to further study the functional state of the placenta, the mechanisms of formation of pathological changes in it. Numerous studies have established a number of physical, chemical, and biological factors that influence the formation of abnormalities in the mother-placenta-fetus system. Until now, there is no consensus on the biological model of pregnancy as a phenomenon of the intimate existence of two genetically alien organisms. For a long time, the relationship between the mother and the fetus was viewed as potentially "hostile" - the fruit as a seven-allotransplant, antigenically alien, "avoiding", due to various tweaks, direct conflict with the mother's body. During the last decade there was a stable opinion about the existence of a "partnership" of maternal and fetal tissues, a kind of immunological tolerance of the mother's immune system to the fetus that was developed in the course of evolution. There is no doubt that a significant role in maternal and fetal relationships is occupied by cellular placenta populations, as well as mechanisms for regulating these relationships mediated by cytokines and various groups of growth factors. The article presents modern representations of the features of the placenta structure in obstetric and somatic pathology.