Smoking as a risk factor for non-developing pregnancy
The objective. To assess the role of active and passive smoking in the genesis of anembryonic pregnancy. Patients and methods. We assessed the prevalence of active and passive smoking in two groups: group 1 (n = 375) comprised primigravid women, whose pregnancy ended with term vaginal delivery with the birth of a healthy baby, group 2 (n = 375) -patients with a history of non-developing pregnancy. Group 2 was divided into 2 subgroups: 2a - women with a single nondeveloping pregnancy, 2b - women with a history of 2 and more pregnancies ending with intrauterine fetal death. Results. In group 1, the number of smoking women was 14.9%, in group 2 - 34.9%. Withdrawal from smoking during pregnancy was characteristic for a significantly large number of patients of group 1. As has been found, passive smoking can be regarded as an independent risk factor of non-developing pregnancy (OR = 1.648, CI 95% 1.444-1.801). Only passive smoking was established in group 1 in 5.3% of women, in group 2 - in 2.7%, a combination of active and passive smoking prevailed. In group 1, the combination of factors was found in 12.5% of patients, in group 2 significantly more often - in 31.2%, significant differences were noted also in subgroups. In women withdrawn from smoking, the chances of non-developing pregnancy decrease from 7.45 to 2.75. Conclusion. As has been found, among patients with a history of anembryonic pregnancy smoking is significantly more common than in the group of women who gave birth to healthy babies, the combination of active and passive smoking is significantly more common. Active antismoking campaign is necessary among women of reproductive age, especially among patients with a history of non-developing pregnancy, and women should withdraw from smoking at the stage of pregravid preparation.