THE INFLUENCE OF THE USE OF A BIOLOGICAL FUNGICIDE ON THE YIELD OF GRAIN CROPS IN THE TYUMEN REGION
Increasing the productivity of agrocenoses is one of the most important tasks within the framework of the country's food security. To increase the gross grain harvest, commodity producers significantly increase the use of chemical plant protection products. High concentrations of pesticides have a significant impact on the soil microbiota, inhibit native microorganisms and lead to disruption of soil formation processes. The irrational use of chemical plant protection products leads to the accumulation of pesticides in the soil and the residual amount in the products. In order to improve environmentally friendly products, draft laws have been developed aimed at reducing the use of chemical plant protection products. A complete rejectio n of pesticides will inevitably lead to a loss in yield. However, there is an alternative that allows you to replace chemical plant protection products with biological preparations. One of the main drugs are biological fungicides. The purpose of our researc h is to establish the effect of a biological fungicide on the yield of grain crops in the Tyumen region. Studies on the effect of the biological fungicide Metabacterin on the yield of grain crops were carried out in 2021 -2022, at the experimental field of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Urals. In the experiment, studies were conducted on zoned varieties of spring wheat, spring barley, oats, winter wheat, winter rye and winter triticale. Treatment with Metabactrin was carried out during the growing se ason in the tillering phase in a tank mixture with herbicides with a norm of 20 g/ha. It is established that the yield of spring and winter grain crops significantly depends on weather conditions. Moisture deficiency leads to a decrease in the productivity of grain crops to 0.78-2.76 t/ha for spring crops and to 2.15-2.56 t/ha for winter crops. In favorable years, the yield increases 2-5 times. The use of the drug Metabacterin in dry years had a positive effect on the yield of barley, where the harvest per hectare increased by 0.20 tons. There were no significant differences in other cultures studied. With sufficient precipitation and temperature, an increase in yield from the use of a biological fungicide was noted in spring barley and winter wheat crops, where the harvest per hectare increased by 0.59 and 0.15 tons, respectively.