Bone mineral density and vitamin D level in persons of different age with lower limb fractures (literature review and results of own researches)
The article presents modern data about the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD), vitamin D levels and lower limb fractures (LLFs) of different localization (femoral, tibial and foot). It is shown that the largest number of literary researches on the role of reduced BMD in patients with hip fractures, but low BMD is often detected in LLFs of other localization. Almost all types of fractures in women are associated with low BMD, most often - at the level of the femoral neck than at the level of the spine or peripheral skeleton, but part of fractures associated with osteoporosis is small and ranges from 10 to 44 %. It has been shown that hypovitaminosis D is common in patients with orthopedic pathology and, in particular, after LLFs. Vitamin D levels correlate with a functional outcome after surgery, although its role in LLFs prediction remains poorly understood. The results of authors’ own studies confirmed the low BMD indices in women with femoral fractures, but not in individuals with tibial and foot fractures. We did not registered the normal vitamin D levels in patients with femoral fractures (81.2 % of them had vita-min D deficiency, 18.8 % - insufficiency). In tibial fractures, vitamin D deficiency was found in 72.5 %, insufficiency - in 10 %, vitamin D level was normal in 17.5 % of patients. The low BMD and vitamin D levels are quite common in patients with different LLFs, most of which have been studied in patients with femoral fractures associated with functional outcomes after treatment, and need the further study.