Nikolai Fedorov’s Eschatological Utopia: Between ‘Eternal Becoming and ‘Infinite Return
In my article, I consider eschatological features of the project of revival of Nikolay Fedorov (Gagarin). I show philosopher’s esсhatology is described by “metaphysics of oneness” which will be developed further by Vladimir Solovyov. Fedorov's ideas formed the basis of such directions of thought as: (i) cosmism, (ii) transhumanism, (iii) futurology. Within the project of ‘common cause’ global process of a patrofication (Latin: pater - father + facere - to do) - settling of the Universe mankind and management of it (cosmism). Technically at first person has to become itself immortal, by improvement of the physical nature (transhumanism), and then revive the deceased persons. Otherwise, revived will be die again and again, which lead to celebration of death. Immortality and revival will become top of technical progress (futurology). There is not only technical prerequisite for immortality, but moral too. The philosopher claims that life doesn't belong to the person, and is received as a present or on credit from fathers who also received it from the ancestors. The birth of children, according to such understanding, is transfer of ‘debt obligation’ further on a chain of descendants, but not its payment. The repayment of debt can only be restoration life of those from whom this life is received. Philosopher defines this call of duty as the ‘super-moral’ or the ‘supra-moralism’ (Latin: supremus + moralis). I prove Fedorov's concept of replacement of a child-bearing with the revival of ancestors it is the idea of the address of causality. I interpret the termination of a child-bearing as the end of the history, and the process of revival of fathers as the world history address back, as ‘return to sources’ in ‘Golden Age’. Thus by re-actualization of the history Fedorov reached the real all-encompassing unity of mankind.