Post-Translation Oxidation Modifications of Blood Plasma’ Proteins of Cosmonauts after a Long-Term Flight. Part II
During spaceflight in the human body, due to disequilibrium of production and elimination of free radicals and reactive oxygen species, oxidative damage of the main cellular components – DNA, lipids, proteins – occurs more actively than in normal conditions. The article analyzes, using proteomics, the frequency of detection of oxidative post-translational modifications in blood plasma proteins received from Russian participants in semi-annual flights to the ISS. Influence of oxidative modification recorded after CP on functional features of protein groups according to bioinformatic analysis, involved in metabolism of extracellular matrix (BCM), lipids, performance of immune functions, as well as control of inflammation is considered. The protein components of apolipoproteins (APOA1, APOA2, APOA4, APOL1, APOE) were subjected to excessive oxidation in post-flight samples compared to their pre-flight state, which disrupts their vasculoprotective properties. Increased, 2 times or more, intensity of oxidative modifications of chains of both membrane and secretory forms of immunoglobulins was revealed. The composition of oxidized immunoglobulin fragments – chains (κ, γ1, γ2, γ4 and µ) of constant immunoglobulin domains (Ig) indicates the possibility of changing the effector and/or signaling functions of Ig. The structural components of VKM and its associated compounds in extracellular fluid are a complex molecular hub that binds immune functions, vascular competencies, inflammation control, protease-counter-protease balance, hemostasis. The components of this system are considered in close relationship.