Conceptual model of the formation of nitrogen thermal watersin crystalline rock massifs (example of the Kuldur Spa)
The study of the in uence of hydrodynamic factors on the occurrence of nitrogen thermal waters in crystalline massifs, by the example of the Kuldur eld, is presented in the article. The results of two-dimensional modeling (based on FEFLOW code) of several variants of formation and circulation of therms in the study area are considered. Model parameters included temperature (130-140 °C), calculated on the basis of geothermometers, and the residence time of waters in the rock massif (68 800-254 000 years), estimated by means of 14C and 4He dating. The modeling results show that exactly the ltration parameters of the granite massif are the main factor controlling the dynamics of uid movement and, consequently, the relative age of thermal waters. It is also found that the ltration characteristics of the fault zone have a signi cant in uence on the temperature of thermal water discharge.