Urogenital Disorders in Women with Vulvovaginal Atrophy: Problems and Approaches to Therapy (Literature Review)
Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA), occurs in most menopausal women, is caused by estrogen deficiency and is characterized by a progressive course. The article presents data on the prevalence of urogenital disorders in VVA, the main causes of their occurrence in young women and postmenopausal women, the association of VVA with sexual behavior disorders and dyspareunia. The causes and factors of low compliance and the need for therapy are analyzed. The review of available effective methods of treatment and prevention of VVA and associated urogenital disorders, with an emphasis on the use of moisturizing hormonal and hormone-free agents, as well as the possibilities of modern laser technologies in reducing urogenital health and quality of life of women in general.