NEW POTENTIAL TREATMENT FOR BRAIN GLIOMA
According to the latest statistics, brain gliomas are the most common cause of death from CNS tumors. Brain gliomas are also ranked as the second (after stroke) cause of brain surgery The mortality rate from gliomas is high and sometimes reaches 80 %. It is because the tumor grows from undifferentiated cells, which causes its peracute development and malignant transformation. Symptoms of glioma occur at stages 3 and 4, when all treatment is symptomatic, and operations are palliative. In this regard, it is necessary to develop and introduce methods for non-surgical glioma treatment. These methods include the use of antisense oligonucleotides, optogenetics, and oncolytic viruses. The aim of antisense oligonucleotides is to replace a section in a glioma cell genome with a foreign one, which disrupts cell division and leads to apoptosis and necrosis of the entire tumor. Optogenetics excludes the introduction of substances into the body. It provides a certain light signal to glioma cells, which also suppresses the growth of an undifferentiated tumor. Oncolytic viruses are genetically modified viruses that identify tumor cells, penetrate into them and start a cascade of apoptotic reactions Despite all success, such methods are still studied at the laboratory level, their implementation in practical medicine is slow and cautious. However, insufficient knowledge retards the widespread use of potentially promising and effective drugs. Scientists around the world are developing methods to treat brain gliomas at different stages of their development. This article reflects modern achievements of scientists and neurosurgeons, describing new methods for brain glioma treatment.