From "upward message" to memorandum (XVIIIth - early XXth centuries)
This article is concerned with a document type called “donosheniye” in Russian which can be conditionally defined in English as “upward message”. This document type served for “communication” of subordinate organizations (officials) with superior ones. The article considers the origin of the notion “donosheniye” (“upward message”) and its role in Russian legislature of the XVIIIth and XIXth centuries. The article also examines original documents, its main attributes and traces the stages of its transformation into memorandum.