SYNERGETICS AND ROUTES OF ITS APPLICATION IN HISTORIOGRAPHIC PRACTICE
This paper substantiates the importance of synergetics as a methodological basis of historical knowledge. The definition of such basic concepts as synergetics itself, self-organization, bifurcation, fluctuation, attractor, chaos, social entropy is given. The most important principles on which this interdisciplinary direction is based are given. These are two principles of being (homeostatic and hierarchical), five principles of formation (nonlinearity, instability, incompleteness, observability, dynamic hierarchy.A historiographic analysis of the search for ways, directions, and reasons for the application of synergetics in sociocultural, historical research is carried out.These are: identifying the importance of synergetics for the strategic planning of the political, economic, social development of a state, region; identification of the historiosophical meaning of synergetics; development of the problem of global forecasts; systematic approach to culture.The experience of using synergetic concepts and meanings in the study of historical problems of various extents is generalized, such as: the logic of all Soviet history; history of the 1990s; Soviet-German relations in the prewar period (1938-1941); the state of cooperation in the country in the early 1920s; Ural village in the conditions of war communism; stock market “shakes” in Russia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries; study of sources of memoir style.This paper is addressed to historians, students, everyone who is interested in the general theory of systems.