PSYCHOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL SAFETY OF PERSONNEL ON SHIPS AND EDUCATION OF SPECIALISTS IN MARINE MEDICINE
Due to the significant strategic importance of the marine transport system, the issue of ensuring various types of security (especially medical, psychological) for personnel working in this branch of the national economy seems relevant. The Marine Doctrine of the Russian Federation and the corresponding Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 512 dated July 31, 2022 is the leading document regulating these issues. The article presents various groups of factors that affect the health of seafarers (genetic, medical support, living conditions and lifestyle, the state of the environment). The negative aspects of these factors that impair the health of the crew are listed: disorders of adaptive processes in the body, up to stressful conditions; the occurrence of diseases of the body systems (cardiovascular, endocrine, nervous, sensory, musculoskeletal system); the purchasing of various kinds of dependent states (alcohol and nicotine); decreased physical activity, eating habits, satisfaction from their work, psychological and emotional stress disorders social isolation, fatigue. The problem of the shortage of specialists in the marine medicine, despite the requirements of word standards, is emphasized. In this regard, the problem is raised about the training of specialized medical personnel (including in the field of psychological support) in medical educational organizations for prevention, sanitary, educational and hygienic work with personnel, monitoring the health of seafarers, timely identification of premorbid conditions, quality treatment and rehabilitation. To solve it, first of all, an integrated approach at the state level is needed. First of all, it is proposed to improve the legislative basis, and then the implementation of documents at all levels of administrative authority.