METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO WATER QUALITY INVESTIGATION AND PARAMETERIZATION
The problems of formation and transformation of river water quality are discussed in terms of the adverse influence of their chemical composition on possible and efficient water use, health of the population and ecological state of hydrobiocenoses. It is shown that the study of ecological well-being of water bodies and determining the conditions of safe and efficient water management require various approaches to water quality assessment (geochemical, biological, sanitary-hygienic, water economic etc). Each of them provides the assessment of the impact of relevant factors on the toxicity of surface water and their suitability for water usage. The modern doctrines of studying water quality are characterized in brief and a role of hydrological factors in deterioration (or improvement) the hydrochemical conditions of water objects is described. The role of river runoff and its components (discharge of water, sediments, chemicals, living matter and heat) and the energy of water streams in the transformation of the chemical composition of surface water is appraised. Modern methods of water quality parameterization with due account of the variability of hydrological characteristics are analyzed to determine the changing level of safety for the population, water use and hydrobiocenoses.