THE EFFECT OF PARTURATION IN FIRST HEIFERS AND COWS ON FURTHER REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION
Increased rates of development of animal husbandry currently occupy a leading position in Russia. Modern needs for dairy products expose animals to overexploitation. Secondary to this animals are under constant stress, inadequate care, in the absence of private control in the postpartum period, which leads more often to gynecological diseases. In this case, farms risk losing economic benefits from a shortage of progeny, milk and all related causes. The reproductive abilities of cows are not fully used. According to various sources, from one hundred cows in the country we receive up to 80 calves and the service period is from 100-140 days. The article presents research data on obstetric and gynecological medical examination of first heifers and cows in the complex LLC “Demetra” of the Kamensky district of the Rostov region, in which the principles of insemination of animals, the course of postpartum and the postpartum period were considered. There were no detected violations in the conditions of feeding, keeping cows, except for the use of sperm from large bulls, which was used for cows and heifers. Cows were inseminated with a rectocervical technique, observing all the rules of artificial insemination. During normal physiological postpartum calves from cows were about 30-35 kg at birth, calves from first heifers were 25-30 kg at birth, which was approximately 5% of the live weight of cows and first heifers. The service period during normal postpartum in cows averaged 65 days, in first heifers 90 days. This observation shows that first heifers require a longer recovery period than cows. The data showed that rectal examination in the postpartum period in these animals revealed uterine atony in 10 cows (23.3%), postpartum cervicitis and endometritis in 20 cows (46.5%), persistent yellow body in 8 cows (18.6%) and follicular ovarian cyst in 5 cows (11.6%). Based on this we concluded that the spread of uterine atony with concomitant consequences occurs massively. Ruptures of the birth canal from the total number amounted to about 20%, pathological postpartum accounted for about 80%.