EVOLUTION AND INTRODUCTION OF CLOVER
In the process of evolution there appeared the legume family and biodiversity of its species growing on mountain slopes of the North Caucasus. The gene pool of plant communities retains the most adapted properties that determine their resistance to unfavourable factors. Adapted species to stress conditions have valuable business features acquired in the process of evolution. It is, above all, their ability to accumulate biological nitrogen in the soil through tubercular bacteria located on the roots of legume grasses. The concept “adaptive strategy” of plants comes into biology as one of the most important concepts in the modern evolutionary and population biology. The main parameter when introduced species is the reproductive ability. Studying the biodiversity of legume grasses species and their valuable biological traits contributed to their further evolutionary change in the collection nursery. Following the principles of obtaining source material in making varieties by the method of introduction, the initial estimate of wild samples was conducted in the habitats in the altitude range 800-2000 m above sea level. It was revealed that seed production of the studied clover species varies depending on the vertical zoning, environmental growth conditions and the fluctuation level of these features is quite high, especially for Trifolium alpestre, Trifolium ambiguum and Trifolium pilulare. Depending on the altitude the length of branches decreases but the leafage and seed productivity increase. Under the influence of the anthropogenic factor exotic species undergo phenotypic changes. The main parameter when introducing species is the reproductive ability. Monitoring the feature of flowering and seeds formation (anthecology) confirm that under the influence of stress factors the flowering cycle is disrupted, the mass of each plant reduces, the number of puny seeds increases. Therefore, the study of biodiversity, its changes and process is considered as an evolutionary-ecological concept, characterizing the life cycle as a result of evolution under conditions of long-term recurrent environmental changes but the introduction success is an important factor for selection and agronomy.