Hydrodynamic Forces Exerted by Wing as a Function of the Pitch-Axes Location. Thrust, Power and Efficiency at Harmonic Changes in Angle of Attack
The approximate expressions of hydrodynamic forces were used to construct a mathematical model of flat and rigid wing of different shape and aspect ratio at variable pitch-axes location and heaving and high pitching amplitudes. A specific feature of this model is the use of the first order aerodynamic derivative coefficients and kinematic parameters. The formulas were derived to calculate the thrust and efficiency when the wing angle of attack varies harmonically. The results of the calculations well agree with numerical solutions.