Treatment and Rehabilitation of Patients with Cholelithiasis in Different Age Groups
Introduction. Diseases of the biliary system belong to the most common pathology of the abdominal organs. Surgical care is provided to the population in a sufficiently qualified and timely manner, while improving rehabilitation methods remains an important task. A comprehensive approach to the rehabilitation of patients involves considering cholelithiasis in conjunction with other pathological processes of the body. Purpose. To improve the results of treatment of patients with gallstone disease in different age groups on the base of a comprehensive approach to assessing their condition and implementing new methods of rehabilitation, including psychological ones. Materials and methods. The results are based on a retrospective analysis of the work of the emergency medical clinic from 2007 to 2019. The assessment of the psychological state was performed in 59 patients included in the study by random sampling. The state of the cardiovascular system, liver, pancreas, stomach, duodenum, and colon was analyzed in individuals of different age groups. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were used to study the mental state. Results. The main operation for complications of cholelithiasis is laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In people over 60 years, the number of open cholecystectomies and reconstructive recovery operations on the bile ducts increases. In the group over 75 years, more than 40% of patients were not operated on. Associated diseases were detected before the age of 45 in 52.9% of cases, and at the age of 75 years and older - in 100%. Patients of all age groups were found to have anxiety- depressive disorders. To a greater extent, people over 60 need to correct violations. Conclusion. For faster and more complete recovery after surgical interventions, it is advisable to correct disorders of the pancreas, liver, stomach, duodenum, and cardiovascular system. The program of "quick recovery", including psychotherapeutic and pharmacological correction, helped to reduce the severity of anxiety-depressive disorders and early rehabilitation after cholecystectomy.