ON THE ASSESSMENT OF INDICATORS OF ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY OF MOUNTAIN TAIGA PINE TREES THE SOUTH SIBERIAN TYPE ZABAYKALSKY
As the main indicators of ecosystem biodiversity are considered: representation, fragmentation and disturbance. South Siberian pine landscapes make up 5.2 % of the total area of the TRANS – Baikal territory and are represented by two classes-mountain taiga and mountain. The class of mountain-taiga pine forests in the territory of the region includes 4 groups of landscapes. The object of the study is the slope of herbal mountain pine trees with shrub undergrowth. The assessment of their diversity is considered at the level of intra-belt order associated with the exposure and other differences of forest growth conditions of the Chersky range. The ruggedness of the terrain, different steepness of slopes and exposures, determine the mosaicity of the area – the small size of forest areas and 40 % to 10 hectares and 33 % from 10 to 30 hectares. Ecological habitats of plantations is represented by six forest types. At the same time rhododendron type of forest in the TRANS-Baikal region is the most characteristic and indigenous for the mountain-taiga pine forests of the South Siberian type. Until the beginning of the XXI century, rhododendron-grass pine forests in the study area were located in solid arrays. A series of forest fires that have occurred since 2000 at intervals of 3-5 years, it was the main factor of ecosystem disturbance and has a significant impact on the level of forest biodiversity. The indicator of natural ecosystem disturbance is the fragmentation of indigenous habitats. Currently, indigenous forests make up from 4 % to 9 % of forest vegetation of landscape complexes. The degree of disturbance is estimated by the frequency of fires and the areas they have passed.