Analysis of the Structure of the Pathology of the Larynx on the Results of Direct Microlaryngoscopy
Introduction. Early diagnosis and treatment of patients with benign and tumor-like diseases in the larynx is an urgent problem due to the widespread prevalence of this pathology. Taking into account the similar clinical picture and data of laryngological examination, the differential diagnostics of hyperplastic, benign neoplasms and early cancer is very difficult. The problem of early diagnosis and treatment of patients with laryngeal neoplasms is always relevant due to the possibility of malignancy of the laryngeal epithelium under the influence of a number of endogenous and exogenous factors. Purpose. To analyze the structure of the larynx pathology by gender, age, clinical, anatomical and morphological changes in the larynx in chronic inflammation. Materials and methods. Within the framework of this study, a retrospective analysis of medical documentation (outpatient records, medical history, including the results of histological examination of postoperative material) of 172 patients with laryngeal pathology treated in the period from 2016 to 2020 at the Grodno University Clinic was carried out. Results. The currently used histological method for assessing the tissues of the postoperative material with determination of the degree of dysplasia of the laryngeal epithelium is the most justified for formation of the group of patients at risk. Conclusions. All patients with hyperplastic processes in the larynx, tumor-like and tumor neoplasms should undergo endolaryngeal surgery for biopsy or surgical treatment with obligatory histological examination of biopsy material and determination of the severity of dysplasia for dynamic monitoring of such patients.