PLACENTAL PATHOLOGY IN FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION
Fetal growth retardation (FGR) is called a lag in the size and / or mass of the fetus compared to the normative indices for a given period of pregnancy. According to the national manual on obstetrics, the diagnosis after birth if a newborn weight below the 10th percentile for a given gestational age. The risk factors for the development of the FGR are the influence of the environment, maternal disease, pathology of the fetus and placenta. The literature data on placental abnormalities in FGR observations are analyzed. It is shown that the FGR observations have lower values of the mass, size and volume of the placenta, the length and diameter of the umbilical cord compared to the control group. With FGR significantly more frequent violations of the degree of umbilical cord coiling (as hypercoiled and hypocoiled). In the observations of growth retardation is much more common pathological forms (marginal and velamentous) insertion the umbilical cord to the placenta. Marked by ambiguity identified by the placenta changes, which is connected likely with the differences gestation. An important point is the allocation of early and late forms of FGR, which differ in the degree of manifestation of changes in the placenta and umbilical cord. A conclusion is drawn on the importance of studying the placenta and umbilical cord to determine the reasons for the development of the FGR.