PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF FILM TOURISM IN THE CRIMEA
The tourist becomes more exacting recently, is more experienced also iskushenny in case of the choice of a tourist product that, testifies to need of development of special types of tourism which become an essential source of the income and gradually force out traditional and obsolete types of tourism. One of such special types of tourism is film tourism. There are two industries which show enviable permanency in the growth and expansion: tourism and cinema [1]. The science a cinematology is engaged in studying of cinema. The main components of cinema are: pictures as film creativity product; film production; film distribution and network of the film spectacular entities; the film theory including film pedagogics, history and an esthetics of cinema and also to the film critic [3]. Film tourism is a specific type of tourism which becomes more and more popular recently, generally due to general increase of amount of the international trips and increase in influence of mass media [5]. Is of great importance of cinema in creation of a brand of the country or in its promoting. Branding of the territory is a purposeful forming of an image of the country, region or city in consciousness of citizens or world community. As for a film tourism condition in the Crimea, it is necessary to tell about availability of the full-fledged resource connected with the film industry developed in pre-revolutionary and Soviet period and the gained active development now here. Speaking about resource base, first of all it is necessary to mention the Yalta film studio which has been founded in 1917 by Alexander Aleksandrovich Khanzhonkov. Now it is one of the oldest studios of the former USSR. It then was called a film studio and was a prime vendor of cinema products. Here eminent persons of the Russian kinomatografiya, the famous actors, directors, operators, artists of theater and cinema worked. Film tourism problems 1. ignorance of residents of the Crimea and residents of the countries of the being USSR about such type of tourism; 2. insufficient level of knowledge, both at local population, and at tourists about movies which have been shot in the Crimea that is a consequence of insufficient promoting of this information; 3. unpopularity of the movies shot in the Crimea among youth is their genre preferences. According to poll, today the age category prefers 18 - 23 years viewing of movies of a genre a fantasy and a fantasy, and least of all sympathizes with the drama and the melodrama. In the Crimea other picture is observed: from the last films shot in the territory of the peninsula the most part occupy mini-series of the drama and the melodrama. Now, both in the Russian Federation, and in the Crimea crisis in domestic cinematography is observed. To attract the tourist by means of the movie, it is necessary to create a quality film product which will be popular not only within Russia, but also abroad. It is necessary to refer low payback of film projects, high cost value of production, limited amount of external investments, including lack of a credit granting system and returnable financing of film projects, and also lack of protection of the market against pirates to the factors containing film production growth. 4. it is connected with development of film production in the territory of the Crimea. It consists in economic sanctions of the USA and the countries of Europe in relation to the Russian Federation and especially the Republic of Crimea. It is a restraining factor in attraction of foreign investments and foreign professionals of an industry for shootings of new movies, and also in the organization of film festivals of the international level. 5. can directly arise throughout film-making process. Very often as shooting stages cultural and historical objects, buildings (palaces, sanatoria, hotels, restaurants), city streets are used. Respectively during this period these objects become unavailable to visit, both locals, and tourists. What can cause certain inconveniences and discontent from these people. The perspective directions in development of film tourism in the Crimea can be divided into subgroups. The first subgroup - concerning directly film tourism, the second - all tourist branch and the third - the film industries of the Crimea. After inclusion of the Crimea into structure of the Russian Federation, on the peninsula activity of development of cinema is observed. The Russian directors even more often began to use destination of the Crimea as a shooting stage. Since 2014 in the territory of the peninsula shootings as the documentaries concerning events of process of transition of the Crimea to structure of Russia are conducted («the Crimea. A way home», «Fierce February», «The Crimean spring», etc.), and art (series «Bride» (2015), «A love season» (2015), some scenes from the movie «Crew» (2016), «A miracle in the Crimea» (2015), series «Talyanka» (2014), «Fight for Sevastopol (2015), series «Vital Circumstances» (2014), «The son of a raven» (2014), «The monk and a demon» (2016), «Viking» (2016) and others). Interest from the state in relation to development of the film industry confirms approval of the state program «Year of the Russian cinema» which is carried out during 2016. Within this program a number of the actions aimed at the development of domestic cinema and strengthening of its line items on the international scene is planned: increase in production of national movies, development of interest in the Russian culture, its promotion [19]. In regions of the Crimean peninsula carrying out a number of the actions devoted to Year of the Russian cinema is also planned. Among the main such actions it is planned to hold a number of film festivals from which most part shall become regular and be carried out in the territory of the Crimea annually. Among such festival projects - the International telefilm forum «Together», the Yalta international film festival «Evraziysky Bridge», a festival of short cinema «The Crimea - the world territory», a festival of screen creativity of children and youth «The magic screen-XXI a century», a festival of the Russian animated films «Echo of Suzdal», a festival of documentary and game patriotic cinema «The person learning the world». These events will help to attract tourists on the peninsula not only during a resort season, but also in off-season that will promote the problem resolution of seasonality in a tourist industry of the Crimea [20]. It should be noted that the Republic of Crimea possesses a large number of benefits of full development of the film industry in its territory. Among them there is following: 1. compactness of the territory and mosaicity of a relief. 2. a considerable difference in climatic and weather conditions between the certain Regions of Crimea. 1. 3 warm climate of the Crimea are the most optimal variant for favorable work of a cast and all film crew that often plays a crucial role in case of the choice of a location by the director. 3. history and an ethno-confessional variety has provided the peninsula with rich cultural and historical heritage. It is possible to draw a conclusion on the high capacity of the Crimea in development of film tourism and on availability of a large number of the problems unresolved today concerning both the industry of tourism, and the film industry that is the main components of film tourism. One more important element in promotion and promoting of film tourism on the peninsula is creation of so-called «film cards». It is a district map with the locations put on it where there were shootings of the most popular movies. Such cards can be published also in printing option, and it is possible also by means of creation of the thematic website on the Internet. Therefore, only the joint cooperation and parallel development of these two industries will promote promotion of a product of film tourism on the tourist market.