Comparative analysis of the heart rate statistical characteristics dynamics in athletes and combat athletes at different stages of the training cycle
Introduction. The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that sports activities place extreme demands on the human body and psychic capabilities, so sports can be considered as a “testing site”. Unfavorable factors affect athletes: a high level of physical and psycho-emotional loads increases the risk of decline in the body adaptive skills, which causes special manifestations of subjectivity and personality factor in the preferred sporting activity. The research purpose: the comparative analysis of the vegetative status and its dynamics during the training cycle in athletes taking up different sports. Methodology and organization of the research. We used the method of mathematical analysis of heart rate (variational pulsometry - VPM) according to R.M. Baevsky. The first group (I) included 22 students of the Institute of Physical Training and Sports of the Udmurt State University (Izhevsk), representatives of athletic sports. On the second group (II) there were 18 athletes, involved in martial arts, representatives of the security service (Tchaikovsky). Research results and discussion. After the comprehensive analysis (related to the stress index) based on the descriptive statistics, the following types of athletes were determined by the tension degree of regulatory mechanisms: parasympathotonics (vagotonics) - 80 and lower; normotonics - 80-150; sympathotonics -150 and higher. Under the training loads the martial artists have more perfect autonomic regulation than athletes. Conclusions. The research showed that changes in heart rate indicators depend on sports specialization. Sympathetic-tonic changes in heart rate indicators are typical for an athlete, which indicates that they are inferior to martial artists in the adaptive capacity of the heart. In addition, sportsmen taking up athletic sports tend to the adaptive mechanisms tension, while martial artists increase body reserves during training, which is manifested in satisfactory indicators of adaptation.