Cultivation efficiency of spring wheat on light gray forest soils with different technologies of its cultivation in conditions of Volga-Vyatka region
In a comparative aspect in 2018-2020. the technologies of spring wheat cultivation in the Volga-Vyatka region, which belongs to the zone of risky farming, were studied. According to the results of the study, the highest soil moisture in a layer of 0-30 cm was noted with the Mini-till technology against the background of mineral fertilizers - 18.1%. The largest reserve of productive moisture in the soil under spring wheat in the 0-100 cm layer was observed with the No-till technology against the background of mineral fertilizers - 227 mm; this variant demonstrated the highest soil density: against the background with the application of mineral fertilizers - 1.33 g/cm3, against the background without fertilizer 1.35 g/cm3, as well as the maximum biological activity of the soil at the end of the growing season against the background without fertilizers - 68.4 %. In the No-till variant, the highest infestation of spring wheat crops was noted both against the background with mineral fertilizers (128 pcs/m2) and without their application (129 pcs/m2), as well as the highest percentage of pathogen infestation against the background without fertilizer. The highest yield of spring wheat was obtained when it was cultivated according to traditional technology: against the background of applying mineral fertilizers - 2.92 t/ha, against the background without fertilizer - 2.45 t/ha. This technology showed the highest level of profitability: against the background without fertilizers - 74%, against the background with fertilizers - 50%. The highest energy coefficient was noted in the variant with the use of Mini-till technology against the background with fertilizer application (1.57).