FEATURES OF NEUROGENESIS IN THE CNS OF VERTEBRATES AND HUMANS: FROM THEORY TO EXPERIMENT
Work presents brief survey its own and literature data about the embryonic and postembryonal development periods CNS of animals and man. From the positions of contemporary neurobiology are discussed questions about the embryonic sources of nerve and glial cells, the factors and the signal molecules, which influence on the proliferation and diffrentiation of neuronal stem cells and their descendants based on the example of the development of the brain of mammals. Special attention is given to a question about the participation of gaseous substances NO, CO, H2S and neuromediators in the regulation and the control of neurogenesis. Is emphasized the leading part of the cells of radial glia in migration and differentiation of neurons in pre – and potnatal development. It is shown that the population of neurons in the forming cerebral cortex – mixed and has the different sources of shaping. The large part of the neurons of crust is formed from neuronal stem cells, located in subcortical neurogenic zones (MGE and LGE). Also discus a question about the postnatal neurogenesis on the CNS vertebrate animals and man, its value in the regeneration of nerve tissue both within the standard and with the pathology. In detail is consider the problem of similarity and difference in the neurogenic zones in CNS of mammalian and other vertebral animals. The prospects of studying the postnatal neurogenesis for the regeneration of the brain are discussed. Data on experiments on neurogenesis in the brain after injury are presented.