Prolegomena discursiva to the linguistic description of biblical texts
In the article the author presents the sum of views significant for the discursive approach to the verbal material, including biblical texts. According to the author, the exposed vews demonstrate the authentic intrinsic features of a linguistic fact, being at the same time the key conditions for its correct interpretation. The properties of any natural utterance are: actionality (an utterance is a target action), communicative orientation (an utterance is necessary for communication), situativity (an utterance is made in the certain imaginable conditions of one's acting), a cognitivity (an utterance is imagined by a communicant). In this regard the language (as the unity of meaningful and formal elements) turns out to be an inefficient conceptual tool because of the fact that it doesn't cover any of authentic properties of natural linguistic data. The author of the article replaces it with the communicative typology, which is known to representatives of communicative communities of uncertain coverage, sufficient for completing necessary communicative tasks under the given conditions. The discourse is defined as a communicative situation, imagined by a participant in the form of a set of parameters available to him/her. The interpretation of natural verbal data is understanding of complex communicative actions, which is imagined by interlocutor at the moment when an utterance is generated. The communicative (or dectic) syntax of an actual utterance (or of a given element of an actual utterance) gains a key value. In particular, the meaning of a separate element is defined as an idea of the imaginable communicative situation, where the use of this sound complex is possible from the point of view of an authentic participant of the verbal interaction.