Legal requirements for solving the problem of waste in the Russian Federation
Legislation changes related to the problem of management optimizing of municipal solid waste (MSW) to improve the environment are considered. Two main methods of controlling the amount of waste are compared: landfill and destruction at incinerators. Both methods pose a danger to the nature and citizens health. In addition, waste disposal is economically unprofitable. Changes to the legislation on waste determine and regulate are the following prioritys of activity in this issue: reduction of waste generation, the formation of a separate collection (accumulation) system and subsequent recycling of MSW, as well as reduction of their hazard class. For this, new concepts are introduced and defined. However, there are no procedure to monitor the implementation of the modernized Federal Law No. 89. As a result of legislative innovations, the authority to organize the handling of MSW is transferred to the executive bodies of the Russian Federation entities. Waste collection and sorting services are becoming utility services. Authorities to provide appropriate services to enterprises, organizations, legal entities and individuals are vested in regional operators. The regional operator provides separate collection, storage, transportation, processing, disposal of municipal solid waste in the region of its activity. The waste ownership is also transferred to it. Local self-government bodies (LSGs) are obliged to create sites of solid waste accumulation and ensure their improvement, to post information of sceduled waste collection on official websites, as well as in local newspapers and other resources available to residents. The activities of regional operators are licensed. Persons admitted to the collection, transportation, processing, recycling, disposal of waste of I-IV hazard classes undergo additional training in accordance with the legislation of education. With the advent of regional operators, the requirements of state policy in MSW management on the territory of ewery constituent entity of the Russian Federation should be implemented, and the regional operator itself will be considered as a agent for stateenvironmental and economic regulation. The relationship between the local government bodies and regional operators needs further legal regulation.