Efficiency improvement of vehicle unloading under conditions of low ambient temperatures
The article presents theoretical and experimental studies on efficiency improvement of unloading operations by KamAZ family cars under conditions of low ambient temperatures of the Amur Region. The priority direction of efficiency increasing of trucks using while transport operations at low ambient temperatures is to reduce energy losses per unit of received agricultural products. Production experience shows that in winter it is necessary to take into account the harsh natural and climatic conditions of the Amur Region, which have a negative impact on the reliability and efficiency of transport services. The objective is realized by using a heating device based on a thermoelectric recuperative module, which allows, in conditions of limited thermal resource, to increase the efficiency of unloading operations of the KamAZ-55111 vehicle. To substantiate the use of a heating device based on a thermoelectric recuperative module, the ambient temperature influence on the duration of vehicle unloading is analyzed. The applied mathematical apparatus proved that a decrease in the ambient temperature had a significant negative effect on the hydraulic system operation due to an increase in the working fluid viscosity. In this regard, of particular interest is the use of devices that make it possible to increase the hydraulic fluid temperature of a vehicle in lowtemperature operating conditions. The proposed device makes it possible to reuse the heat of exhaust gases removed from the car engine by converting into electrical energy, followed by the accumulation of thermal energy. It was established that the use of the developed device at an ambient temperature of -35 oC reduces the lifting time of the body platform with a weight of 10 tons by the hydraulic system of the KamAZ-55111 vehicle by more than 31 %, which allows more efficient use of the spent energy and thereby increase the efficiency of energy means