DYNAMICS OF NUMBER AND RESETTLEMENT OF GERMANS IN THE USSR AND NEW RUSSIA
The article discusses the history of the appearance of German colonists in the Russian Empire, the change of policy from helping the Russian southern territories, characteristic of the XVIII-XIX centuries to the policy of repression and emigration, started in the first half of the ХХ century. Six provisions are explored, revealing the livelihoods of Russian Germans in different historical periods. The census shows the dynamics of the Russian Germans number, this has much in common with the dynamics of the number of other Russian peoples (USSR). German resettlement radically changed across the USSR territory in the 1930-1940s. The ongoing deportation reduced their numbers to almost zero in the traditional residence in favor of Siberia, Kazakhstan and Central Asia, changed the German settlement among the regions in the Russian Federation. The main factor in reducing the Russian Germans number since the 1990s has been immigration compared to most Russian ethnic groups. A separate section in the article is devoted to the Germans living in the Russian North. Using the example of Germans from Komi, the article shows periods of growth and reduction in the Germans number, reveals the causes and factors that determine demographic processes. The sociological materials conducted among Komi students in 2013 showed that a fifth of German youth do not plan to live in the future in the Russian Federation. The decision to move is equally affected by material and social factors/causes. Two of the proposed seven reasons were indicated as reasons for departure: lack of opportunities to find a decent job - 50 %, and the remaining the desire to return to their homeland, to parents, relatives - 50 %.