Effect of exercise stress on parameters of pulmonary ventilation of athletes
We studied the effect of exercise on the state of lung ventilation function in athletes. The study involved 40 men aged 18 to 20. 20 people regularly practicing cyclic sports and having the title of the Candidate or Master of Sports became the main group (the group of athletes). The control group consisted of 20 young men not involved in professional sports with no previous sports categories. The study was carried out on the hardware-software complex "Valenta" for studies of functional diagnosis of the cardiovascular, respiratory and neuroregulato-ry systems. We performed the spirometry and pneumotachography study before and after the stress test PWC170. The results show that athletes and untrained individuals had multidirectional reaction of the respiratory system to exercise. Athletes had a significant increase in lung capacity and inspiratory reserve volume after physical work, whereas untrained persons did not show change in the vital capacity after the load, and the growth of expiratory reserve volume is accompanied by an adequate reduction in inspiratory reserve volume. Apparently, athletes'' high elasticity of lung tissue and chest provide high reserve capacities of pulmonary ventilation. Untrained individuals do not have such opportunities, and the reaction of the respiratory system is limited. After exercise athletes had a decrease of the air flow rate at the level of the large bronchi, balanced by an increase in bronchial patency at the level of medium and small bronchi. The latter is provided primarily by respiratory muscle effort. Untrained individuals did not show bronchospastic reactions to physical activity, the air flow rate increases at all levels of the bronchial tree. Thus, sports training in cyclic sports generates a number of factors, some of which have a negative impact on lung ventilation, limiting the ability of the cardiorespiratory system. At the same time mechanisms are formed that compensate for these negative effects and satisfy the body''s need in oxygen at peak exercise. Taking into account these factors and development of special training programs to optimize them will help to increase the functional ability of the respiratory system and, as a result, the growth of athletic performance.