Pathogenesis and pathogenetic treatment of genitourinary menopausal syndrome (literature review)
The perimenopausal syndrome manifestations caused by estrogen deficiency includes genitourinary menopausal syndrome. This symptom complex consists of manifestations of atrophy of the external genital organs, the vagina and the lower part of the urinary tract. This disorder is observed in more than half of postmenopausal women, it reduces the quality of life and has a steadily progressive course in the absence of therapy. The traditional variant of pathogenetic treatment is the replenishment of estrogen deficiency by using their intravaginal forms. The lifestyle correction with an emphasis on enhancing physical activity and the use of special exercises play an important role. Laser therapy has become increasingly more practiced; it is able to stimulate neoangiogenesis and neocollagenogenesis in the vaginal wall and thereby increases its thickness, mechanical strength and functional state and by means of restoration of normocenosis. Selection of individual therapy regimens and early start of treatment can stop the progress of this pathological condition and improve its prognosis.