Role of toxins in Clostridium difficile pathogenicity
Clostridium difficile - Gram-positive microorganism and the frequent causative agent of colitis associated with the use of people with broad-spectrum antibiotics. The developing imbalance of the representatives of the normal flora of the large intestine promotes reproduction of the pathogen and is accompanied by the production of protein toxins - single-chain multi-domain toxins TcdA and TcdB and binary toxin CDT. After penetration of TcdA, TcdB and CDT into eukaryotic cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis, the enzymatic domains of TcdA and TcdB modify the regulatory GTPases of the Rho family by monoglucosylation, while the A-subunit of the toxin CDT ADP-ribosylated monomeric molecules, Modification of target proteins leads to their inactivation and the development of a wide range of cellular disorders with signs of inflammatory lesions of the mucous membrane of the colon. Due to the particularly important role of toxins in the pathogenesis of differential infection, these pathogenicity factors are considered as the main components of therapeutic, preventive and diagnostic drugs. On the other hand, the use of C. difficile toxins in the scientific search tools allows obtaining fundamental data on the mechanisms of physiological and pathological processes in eukaryotic cells.