THE ROLE OF POLLUTANTS OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR AND PESTICIDES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2
Introduction. Primary and secondary review of epidemiological studies on the importance of atmospheric air pollutants and chemical pesticides for the development of diabetes mellitus is presented. Material and methods. The article includes reviews using the ISI-Web of Science, EMBASE and PubMed database for systematic review and meta-analysis, and original studies from PubMed and RISC until March 2018 to assess the cause-effect relationships of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with air pollutants and chemical pesticides. Results. Chemical pollution is considered as a new risk factor for insulin resistance and development of CD2, although the number of publications is limited, and the degree of validity of the findings is very wide. The evidence base for the effect on the incidence of diabetes type 2 is the most complete for organochlorine pesticides (DDT, DDE, HCH) and persistent organic pollutants, which are impurities of the commodity forms of individual preparations. It is supported by systematic reviews, meta-analysis, survey results, the content of active ingredients in biomaterial, risk calculations. Data for assessing the interrelationships of diabetes and glyphosates, chlorophenoxyacetates, pyrethroids and other pesticides widely used in the last two decades are insufficient for statistical generalizations. Intermediate position on the degree of evidence of diabetogenic properties occupies air pollutants (PM2,5, PM10, NO2). The role of the genetic component, obesity, metabolic disorders for the incidence of diabetes in conditions of technogenic pollution is discussed. Conclusion. Targeted epidemiological studies are needed on the environmental risks associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus caused by air pollutants and pesticides used at this stage for the organization of preventive measures.