HISTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GUTS OF AFRICAN SHARPTOOTH CATFISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS) IN CASE OF "SPOROTERMIN" PROBIOTIC APPLICATION
A high level of bacterial content in the environment and fish tissues is noted in industrial aquaculture at high densities due to high organic pollution by metabolites. Probiotics are used to reduce the level of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microbiota. The article presents results of research on usage and influence of “Sporotermin" probiotic on structural and functional characteristics of the intestines offish when breeding African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The article describes results of histological studies on the effects of “Sporotermin" probiotic on cells and tissues offish intestines. Analysis of the histological structure and documentation was performed using an Axio Imager.M2 universal motorized research microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany). Based on the results of the studies, differences were found in structural features of the intestines offish bred with and without application of Sporothermin probiotic. Thus, fish that did not receive the probiotic had a general tendency for the intestinal mucosa to change, there was also edema of the muscle layer of the intestinal wall and serous membrane. Thinning of the villi, a decrease of their length and branching, structural disruption, and destruction were revealed. Such pathological changes were absent in the intestinal tissues of African sharptooth catfish which received the Sporotermin probiotic. Studies have shown the effectiveness of “Sporotermin" probiotic application for prevention of disorders in tissues and cells of the intestines. Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis bacteria, which are part of Sporothermin probiotic, normalize the structure of intestinal microbiocenosis, which provides parietal digestion. The number of conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms that cause pathological changes in intestinal tissues is reduced due to balance restoration in the intestinal normocenosis.