Modern Approach to Prenatal Ultrasound Diagnosis of Developmental Anomalies of the Orophacial Region
Purpose. Using a combination of objective US markers and control observations, starting from the first trimester of pregnancy, diagnose micrognathias, their combination with palate defects, identify various associated genetic syndromes, which is fundamental for further medical and genetic counseling. Materials and methods. Analysis of ultrasound markers and orofacial anatomy in fetuses with identified micrognathia, identified based on the results of ultrasound screening in the first trimester of pregnancy, carried out in the department of prenatal diagnostics of the Republican Scientific and Practical Center "Mother and Child", for the period 2018-2020. Results and discussion. Ultrasound markers and orofacial anatomy were assessed in fetuses with revealed micrognathia, identified by the results of ultrasound screening in the first trimester of pregnancy, carried out in the department of prenatal diagnostics of the Republican Scientific and Practical Center "Mother and Child" for the period 2018-2020. Conclusions. 1.The effectiveness of the use of an objective ultrasound marker, the lower facial angle (LFA) for the diagnosis of fetal micrognathia, starting from the first trimester of pregnancy, has been confirmed. 2. With dynamic observation of fetuses in the second and third trimesters, the integrity of the soft and hard palate is assessed to identify clefts in the soft and hard palate. 3. In the study group, an expert analysis of the entire anatomy of the fetus is carried out, including echocardiography, cytogenetic and molecular genetic diagnostics. 4. The final stage of the study is to assess the location of the tongue in the oral cavity in order to identify glossoptosis. 5. If micrognathia is detected in combination with/without cleft palate and glossoptosis, delivery in a specialized perinatal center is recommended due to the high probability of Pierre Robin anomalade.