MITOHONDRILNY GENOME AND HEART FAILURE
The literature review deals with the role of the mitochondrial genome in the development of cardiovascular disease and chronic heart failure (СHF) in particular. It is shown that aging and the formation of CHF and coronary heart disease (CHD) are mainly accompanied by a decrease in the number of copies of mitochondrial DNA below the level of an indefinite reference interval, and their increase leads to heart rhythm disturbances. On the basis of the analysis of the literature data we have concluded that 1) the number of copies of mitochondrial DNA in healthy people should be within the reference interval, which determines the physiological level of cardiomyocytes; 2) the processes of aging and heart disease formation are realized both through a decrease in the number of copies of mitochondrial ring DNA, and through an increase in their number beyond the reference interval, and the state of quantitative stasis can be observed within the reference interval; 3) in the absence of the primary (congenital) defect of mitochondria, the change in the number of copies of mitochondrial chromosomes is probably secondary, it develops as an adaptive response to adverse external conditions, leading ultimately to persistent myocardial pathology. The level or "number of copies" of mitochondrial DNA (genetic information stored not in the nucleus of the cell, but in the body's energy-generating mitochondria) is a new biomarker capable of predicting the risk of heart attack and sudden cardiac death in a decade or more. In the future, a blood test for this genetic information may not only help doctors more accurately predict the risk of life-threatening heart conditions, but also decide on a more statin treatment and other drugs. The research, published in the Journal of the Cardiology Journal and the European Heart Journal, has shown that knowing the number of copies of mitochondrial DNA improves the accuracy of clinical interventions currently used for patients at risk of deadly heart conditions.In short, the lower the number of copies, the higher the risk. The number of copies of mitochondrial DNA is a new risk factor for cardiovascular disease, in addition to known predictors such as LDL, total cholesterol and blood pressure, and affects the need to take statins.