EXPERTISE AND REGISTRATION OF ORPHAN MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
The purpose of the study is to analyze examination and registration of orphan medicinal preparations in different countries of the world. Methods of description, comparison, grouping and analysis were used in the study. Great importance of the problem of orphan medicinal preparations manufacture and access to the market associated with a large number of rare diseases (7000-8000), their wide distribution in various regions of the world (up to 8% of the population), high cost of development and difficulty in conducting clinical trials is marked. It is shown that criteria for classifying diseases as orphan ones are their prevalence among the population as well as total number of patients in a particular country. Orphan medicinal preparations are those intended to treat rare diseases; in a number of countries (the USA and the European Union) the criterion for orphan medicinal preparations is its unprofitableness for the manufacturer. In the United States, the European Union and Japan special subdivisions for the registration of orphan medicinal preparations have been established in the structure of regulatory authorities. In order to stimulate the orphan medicinal preparations manufacture in the USA, the European Union, Australia and Japan manufacturers are given financial resources for the development and research, tax privileges, discounts and consultations with the specialists are provided during registration. Restructuring technology is widely used in the development of orphan medicinal preparations in the US and Singapore. It has been established that in order to increase accessibility for the population in different countries various accelerated procedures to give access to orphan medicinal preparations to the market are used. The terms of market exclusivity are stated: in Australia - 5 years, in the USA - 7 years, in Japan and the European Union - 10 years. It is determined that there are lists of orphan diseases (from 41 in the Kyrgyz Republic to 262 in the Russian Federation) and (or) orphan medicinal preparations approved in all the EAEU countries; accelerated registration procedures are provided; import of unregistered orphan medicinal preparations is allowed.