ON TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE PROPERTIES OF IRREVERSIBILITY OF PROCESSES IN THE PROBLEMS OF ASSESSING THE DURABILITY OF STRUCTURALLY AND FUNCTIONALLY COMPLEX SYSTEMS
Background . In the last decades of the 20th century, a new science has appeared - the physics of nonequilibrium processes, operating with new concepts: self-organization and dissipative structures, and in a new way describing the unidirectionality of time (the arrow of time) and the term "irreversibility". This term is closely related to the central principle of books [1-3]: the asymmetry of time and the internal time operator, therefore, with the essence of the concept of durability in terms of reliability and reliability, and the effectiveness of structurally and functionally complex systems (SSSS) and, most importantly, critical technical systems. In his book [1], the first edition of which was published back in 1980, Nobel laureate I.R. Prigozhin set forth the formulation of three main theses for the inclusion of irreversibility as a fundamental principle of modern science: irreversible processes are as real as reversible; irreversible processes play an essential constructive role in the physical world; irreversibility is deeply connected with dynamics. Almost half a century has passed after this event, and the era of taking into account the evolution of time as the main factor in engineering calculations of system designs has not changed. The vast majority of state standards on longevity issues both in our country and abroad are still based on the methods of classical dynamics of theories of long-term strength. Such methods, of course, are necessary, however, promising issues of taking into account the evolution of time in the “past - present - future” modes for objects whose terms of application can take many decades (and there are many of them already) should undoubtedly become the achievements of the corresponding research institutes and design bureaus. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to analyze the properties of the irreversibility of processes precisely at all stages of the SPSS life cycle in the light of evaluating such indicators of longevity as a resource, service life and their residual values in the modern problem of time “past - present - future”. Materials and methods . To implement this idea, a brief analysis of existing approaches to assessing the durability of complex systems using the theory of functional analysis operators has been carried out. Results . The article analyzes in detail the deterministic and probabilistic concepts of the nature of time and the role of the laws of irreversible processes in these concepts. Conclusions . 1. The consequences of the adoption of the second law of thermodynamics as a fundamental fact are systematized. 2. Chaos to an irreducible probabilistic description of dynamical systems. 3. The internal time operator T is a non-local operator that generates a new description of classical dynamics for highly unstable systems. 4. The use of the system’s internal time operator allows a new assessment of the “age” of the SSSS equipment, which corresponds to the average values of such indicators of durability as a resource, service life and their residual values.