Conditions of Cognition in the Context of Postmetaphysical Ontology
The article is devoted to a fundamental cognitive-theoretical problem: the problem of finding the necessary foundations of cognition and identifying conditions that ensure the truth and validity of the results of cognitive activity. In modern epistemology, we can find an ambiguous attitude to this topic. On the one hand, there is a position that proceeds from the fact that the focus on the search for limit conditions that ensure the general validity of the results of cognition is an anachronism. On the other hand, there is a position for which the orientation towards the search for the necessary conditions of cognition remains constitutive for the self-awareness of philosophy as such. The author answers the question of how justified the use of the concept of general significance of knowledge in the context of postmetaphysical ontology is. To solve the problem discussed in the article, the author (1) examines ideas about the foundations of knowledge in classical transcendentalism, (2) indicates the basic principles of postmetaphysical ontology, and (3) discusses the conditions for obtaining universally valid knowledge in the horizon of postmetaphysical ontology. The author establishes that postmetaphysical philosophy proceeds from the thesis of the historicity of our being and thought. Our essential condi-tionality by history is conceived as a necessary premise on the path to knowledge of the truth rather than as an unavoidable restriction. In epistemological terms, this means that any theoretical activity always bears the imprint of the situation in which it is carried out. Also, in the horizon of post-metaphysical ontology, language and communication are necessary conditions for the possibility of people's social and practical activity, including scientific (cognitive) activity. The language of science grows out of the natural usage of words. This means that the formation of scientific concepts, which begins within a certain interpretation of the world, never starts from scratch. The author concludes that, within the framework of postmetaphysical ontology, the transcendental dimension is reoriented. Language and culture turn out to be a transcendental condition for the possibility of obtaining universally valid knowledge. In communication itself, structures are found that generate the intersubjective significance of knowledge.