LEVELLING POLARIZATION IN AGRICULTURE USING OPTIMIZATION TASKS
The article suggests levelling the negative effects of polarization in depressed agricultural areas using optimization models. Methods used in solving the problem imply economic and mathematical modeling. The problem of linear programming is solved by means of the solver tool in MS Excel. The subject of the research is the essence of levelling the polarization of the economic space. The object of the research is the agriculture of the Republic of Bashkortostan, one of the leaders in the Russian Federation. To do this, it is necessary to develop economic and mathematical models in agricultural organizations involving feed use, structure of sown areas and fertilizer funds, specialization and combination of industries, herd turnover and structure, composition of the machinetractor and automobile fleet and its use, placement and specialization of the agro-industrial complex. The feed use model is considered in more detail, with an agricultural enterprise of the Khaybullinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan taken as an example. The purpose of developing an economic-mathematical model is to identify additional reserves of fodder production. This should be due to the structural improvement of the area under crops and feed consumption in an agricultural enterprise. In the process of solving the problem, an optimal plan was found: the acreage for crops, the area for natural hayfields and pastures able to provide available animals of different types and age with feeds that meet zootechnical requirements and, in doing so, minimize the production and purchase costs of feed. This allows the better use of existing resources and the greatest impact of the activities of agricultural enterprises. In optimal terms, material and cash costs for feed are by 23% lower than the actual value. Effective work of agricultural enterprises makes it possible to level the polarization of municipalities, reduces the gap between depressed areas and «growth points» regarding growth in the volume of goods shipped per capita and average per capita real incomes and results in mitigating the negative effects of polarization in depressed areas.