MODERN OPPORTUNITIES OF ENDOSCOPIC DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF VARICOSE ESOPHAGO-GASTRIC BLEEDING IN PORTAL HYPERTENSION
As life-threatening events, esophagogastric variceal bleeding cases occupy an outstanding position in the structure of portal hypertension complications. Treatment of such hemorrhages is a complex task. Even at special care institutions lethality reaches 30–40 %. On-going debates are in progress regarding the choice of hemostasis methods for patients with variceal bleeding. Endoscopic techniques are highly efficient procedures for treatment of bleeding varices. At the same time, high probability of variceal bleeding recurrence remains during the first year. A significant role in the prevention and treatment of hemorrhage cases belongs to pharmacotherapy with its main pathogenetic function consisting in the portal pressure decrease. Vein bypass surgery is necessary for patients with high risk of recurrent hemorrhages. The review presents modern methods of portal hypertension diagnostics and treatment, and the possibilities for endoscopic eradication of esophageal and gastric varices. A comparative characteristic is offered reflecting the effectiveness of endoscopic ligation and sclerotherapy for variceal hemorrhage treatment.