COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE STANDARD AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN
The article is devoted to a comparative review of the level and quality of life of the urban and rural population of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The pandemic was reflected in the change in the structure of consumer spending of townspeople and villagers. For the period from 2015 to 2020 expenditures on non-food products have noticeably increased, the share of which in cities was 38%, in rural areas - 43%. Decreased costs for purchasing food and meals outside the home, for services. The amount of food costs in cities has become higher than the average republican level by 13.4%, and in rural areas, on the contrary, they are lower by 22.3%, due to the self-sufficiency of the mudflow with products of its own production. The change in the socio-economic situation is indirectly evidenced by the growth in the proportion of costs for bread and grain products, both in cities and in villages. In the structure of the energy value of the daily ration of home food, both the townspeople and the villagers, the largest share belongs to bread products (37 and 39%, respectively), then meat and meat products (17.9 and 14.2%), sugar (12 and 13%), milk and dairy products (11% each), vegetable oil (9 and 11%), fruits and berries (3.5 and 4%), potatoes (2.7-2.9%), vegetables and melons crops (about 2%), eggs (1.7%), fish and fish products (1.5%). For the period from 2015 to 2020 the volume of food consumption in cities and villages increased approximately the same - by 7.7%. Total energy value of food of city dwellers in dynamics from 2015 to 2020 increased by 8.4%, villagers - by 6.8%. According to the data of Bashkortostanstat, the self-assessment of the respondents of their financial situation is not yet optimistic: 56.4% of the villagers and 48.2% of the townspeople cannot afford to buy durable goods; it is difficult to buy clothes and pay for housing and communal services 22% of the villagers and 26% of the townspeople; there is not enough money to buy a car, an apartment, a summer residence 16% of the villagers and 22.9% of the townspeople. Thus, it becomes obvious that about 24% of the villagers and 26.5% of the townspeople are experiencing serious financial difficulties. This is almost a quarter of the region's inhabitants. The way out of the crisis, in our opinion, will be demonstrated by the official statistics of 2021. Already, there is a decrease in the unemployment rate, an increase in production volumes, an export-oriented approach in the economy, an increase in labor productivity and resource conservation