Epizootic Situation on Intestinal Parasitic Protozoa of Pigs in Conditions of Industrial Farms
Among the parasitic protozoa, coccidia were most often found in farms of different specializations in young pigs: Isospor asuis, Eimeri aspp. and balantidia - Balantudium coli. From literary sources it is known about the distribution of coccidiosis in many countries of the world where there is a large number of pigs. Based on all noted, they set themselves the task of determining the current epizootic situation on intestinal parasitic pigs in the conditions of industrial farms, paying particular attention to isosporosis. Studies have shown the widespread spread of intestinal parasitic pigs in the industrial-type farms. In pig farms of the Moscow Region, the extent of invasiveness (EI) by isospores was 20-29.4%, with 10-36.4% Eimeria, and 10-50% Balantidia. At the pig farms of the Republic of Mordovia, EI by isospores was 13.3%, by 21.3% by Eimeria, and by 28.6% by Balantidia. In industrial farms in Central Russia, piglets up to 30 days of age were infested with isospores from 10 to 40%. At the same time, monoinvasion in the form of isosporosis was noted in piglets up to 30 days old. Mixed invasion most often occurred in piglets of 2-4 months of age, and the structure of the joints of the parasitocenosis was represented by parasitic protozoa - ameri, balantidia and nematodes. Analysis of the current state of animal husbandry shows that pig farming in our country is conducted in specialized farms on an industrial basis, farms with traditional technology (CJSC, LLC and others), peasant farms and in the private farmstead of citizens. Pig production is one of the main and rapidly developing branches of agriculture in Russia and plays a large role in providing the population with such an important and valuable product as meat. It should be noted that due to the unfavorable epizootic situation of ASF in the country in recent years, the number of pigs has decreased markedly in the private courtyard of citizens. And in specialized industrial farms, which function as closed enterprises, there is a growth in livestock and production. According to our research for previous years, it has been established that in all the above-mentioned categories of pig farms were infested with parasitic protozoa, nematodes and ectoparasites, which are influenced by a number of factors: the adopted production technology, their specialization, the sanitary condition of these farms, therapeutic and preventive measures, and others.