The effectiveness of mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of various varieties of winter rye
Introduction . Winter rye is an important food and fodder crop in the Northeast region of the Russian Federation. The use of fertilizers is the main means of ensuring high crop yields at timely and high-quality execution of other agricultural techniques. Therefore, the aim of the research was to study the impact of increasing doses of mineral fertilizers on the yield capacity of various cultivars of winter rye bred in FASC North-East. materials and methods . Influence of increasing doses (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 kg/ha of acting matter) of complete mineral fertilizer on the yield capacity of winter rye of the following cultivars: Vyatka 2, Golubka, Dymka, Kirovskaya 89, Falenskaya 4, and Grafinya were studied in a long-term (1974-2019) stationary experiment with six-field grain-grass crop rotation. The soil of the test area is sod-podzolic loam formed on the eluvia of Permian clays. Liming was not carried out, organic fertilizers were not used; mineral fertilizers were applied for pre-sowing cultivation; ammonium nitrate, double superphosphate and potassium chloride were used. Winter rye was cultivated after complete fallow, in the fourth rotation of crop rotation - after clover of the second year of use. The research results showed that the application of mineral fertilizers even at a minimum dose (N30Р30К30) gives a reliable increase in productivity of all studied cultivars compared to control without fertilizers. On average, over 25 years, the largest increase in yield was obtained at a maximum fertilization dose - 2.24 t/ha. At the same time, the highest payback of 1 kg of the active substance of fertilizers by grain during the same period is obtained when applying the minimum dose of fertilizers - 10.6 kg. The assessment of economic efficiency showed that the minimum dose of fertilizers provides the lowest cost of 1 ton of grain (3975 rubles) with 76.1 % of the total production profitability.