Which are the clinical symptoms of left ventricular noncompaction?
['Perioperative management of the patient with LVNC might be challenging due to the clinical symptoms of heart failure, systemic thromboembolic events, and fatal left ventricular arrhythmias.', 'Left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy is a rare type of congenital cardiomyopathy characterized by prematurely arrested compaction of the endocardial and myocardial fibers and the progressive deterioration of left ventricular contractility. ', 'Clinical features associated with LVNC vary in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients, and include the potential for heart failure, conduction defects (eg, left bundle branch block), supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, thromboembolic events, and sudden cardiac death. ', 'The clinical presentations are variable ranging from asymptomatic patients to patients who develop ventricular arrhythmias, thromboembolism, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. ', 'The clinical presentation and the natural history of LVNC are highly variable, ranging from no symptoms to congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, and systemic thromboemboli. ', 'The clinical manifestations of the disease are variable, ranging from no symptoms to signs of heart failure, systemic emboli, and ventricular arrhythmias. ', 'We describe the case of a 62-year-old woman who presented with symptoms of heart failure secondary to left ventricular noncompaction.', 'Multiple left ventricular thrombi in a patient with left ventricular noncompaction.', 'We present three children with myocardial noncompaction: one male with isolated left ventricular noncompaction, another with right ventricular noncompaction and dysplastic tricuspid valve, and the last with left ventricular noncompaction, ventricular septal defect and coarctation of aorta, to stress especially the different clinical forms of the disorder and the importance of early diagnosis, as it may result in a fatal outcome.', 'Left ventricular noncompaction has a heterogeneous clinical presentation that includes arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death.We retrospectively reviewed all children diagnosed with left ventricular noncompaction at Texas Childrens Hospital from January 1990 to January 2009', 'Left ventricular noncompaction is a cardiomyopathy characterized by excessive trabeculation of the left ventricle, progressive myocardial dysfunction, and early mortality', 'We describe the case of a 62-year-old woman who presented with symptoms of heart failure secondary to left ventricular noncompaction. ', 'Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) and dilated CMP are the most common cardiac phenotypes reported and can lead to symptoms of heart failure as well as ventricular arrhythmias.', 'Multiple left ventricular thrombi in a patient with left ventricular noncompaction.', 'Left ventricular noncompaction has a heterogeneous clinical presentation that includes arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death.', 'Clinical symptoms include signs of left ventricular systolic dysfunction even to the point of heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias, and embolic events.']
['The clinical symptoms of left ventricular noncompaction are:\n1) heart failure, \n2) systemic thromboembolic events, \n3) ventricular arrhythmias and\n4) sudden cardiac death.']
['heart failure', 'systemic thromboembolic events', 'systemic thromboembolism', 'ventricular arrhythmias', 'sudden cardiac death']