What is the role of neurogranin in Alzheimer's disease patients?
['We recently showed that the dendritic protein neurogranin (Ng), including the endogenous Ng peptide 48 to 76 (Ng48-76), is markedly increased in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in AD and that Ng48-76 is the dominant peptide in human brain tissue.', 'In agreement with previous studies, we show that CSF Ng is significantly increased in AD as compared with healthy controls. ', 'The results suggest that CSF Ng, in particular Ng48-76, might reflect the neurodegenerative processes within the brain, indicating a role for Ng as a potential novel clinical biomarker for synaptic function in AD.', ' These modifications were associated with impaired spatial memory and reduced hippocampal expression of signaling molecules important for synaptic plasticity and memory, including neurogranin, CaMKII, ERK, GSK3β, CREB, and expression of the transcription factor EGR1/Zif268. ', "Neurogranin in cerebrospinal fluid as a marker of synaptic degeneration in Alzheimer's disease.", 'Relative quantification revealed a significant increase of neurogranin in the AD group compared with controls, while the MCI group was not statistically different from either controls or the AD group. ', 'The elevated neurogranin levels in the MCI and AD groups might reflect synaptic degeneration. These results together suggest that cerebrospinal fluid neurogranin might be valuable together with the established AD biomarkers in the early diagnosis of AD and warrants further studies to determine the diagnostic value of neurogranin.', 'Further, to determine whether presynaptic or postsynaptic compartments of neurons are preferentially affected in AD patients, we studied 3 presynaptic vesicle proteins (synaptotagmin, synaptophysin, and Rab 3A), 2 synaptic membrane proteins (Gap 43 and synaptobrevin), and 2 postsynaptic proteins (neurogranin and synaptopodin) in specimens from AD and age-matched control brains. ', 'Our study suggests that postsynaptic proteins and presynaptic proteins are important for synaptic function and may be related to cognitive impairments in AD.', 'These results together suggest that cerebrospinal fluid neurogranin might be valuable together with the established AD biomarkers in the early diagnosis of AD and warrants further studies to determine the diagnostic value of neurogranin.', 'Neurogranin in cerebrospinal fluid as a marker of synaptic degeneration in Alzheimer&apos;s disease', 'We recently showed that the dendritic protein neurogranin (Ng), including the endogenous Ng peptide 48 to 76 (Ng48-76), is markedly increased in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in AD and that Ng48-76 is the dominant peptide in human brain tissue.']
["Dendritic protein neurogranin is markedly increased in cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease patients.  Neurogranin might reflect the neurodegenerative processes within the brain, indicating a role for neurogranin as a potential novel clinical biomarker for synaptic degeneration in AD.\nNeurogranin is important for synaptic plasticity and memory."]
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