请将下面的文本总结到三句话以内，并尽可能保留有效的技术信息：Fractional distillation is a method used to separate components of a liquid mixture based on differences in their boiling points. It finds wide application in the petroleum and chemical industries to purify and separate complex mixtures into usable products. This process utilizes a distillation column where the mixture is heated and vaporized, and then the vapor is cooled and condensed back into a liquid, allowing the separation of components with different boiling points.
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分馏是一种根据液体混合物中各成分沸点差异来分离的技术，广泛应用于石油和化工行业。该过程使用分馏柱加热和气化混合物，再冷却蒸汽并冷凝回液体。通过这种方式，可以分离出具有不同沸点的组分。
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