将下面这段文献片段总结为三句话。 Rawls argues that a just society is one in which individuals have equal basic rights, there is equal opportunity for all, and inequalities are arranged to be the greatest benefit of the least advantaged members. This principle, known as the Difference Principle, suggests that social and economic inequalities should be structured so that they are both (a) to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged and (b) attached to offices and positions open to all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity. Rawls' concept of justice is a powerful critique of utilitarianism, which seeks the greatest good for the greatest number, often at the expense of the least advantaged.
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罗尔斯认为，公正的社会是个体拥有平等的基本权利，且机会平等，不平等应使最不利的成员获得最大利益。根据差异原则，社会和经济的不平等应被安排以便为最不利者带来最大益处，并且职位对所有人公平开放。罗尔斯的正义观念是对功利主义的有力批评，后者追求最大多数人的最大幸福，往往以牺牲最不利者为代价。
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