# Sum of squares of Fibonacci numbers

Given a positive integer N. The task is to find the sum of squares of all Fibonacci numbers up to N-th fibonacci number. That is,

```f02 + f12 + f22+.......+fn2

where fi indicates i-th fibonacci number.
```

Fibonacci numbers: f0=0 and f1=1 and fi=fi-1 + fi-2 for all i>=2.

Examples:

```Input: N = 3
Output: 6
Explanation: 0 + 1 + 1 + 4 = 6

Input: N = 6
Output: 104
Explanation: 0 + 1 + 1 + 4 + 9 + 25 + 64 = 104
```

## Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

Method 1: Find all Fibonacci numbers till N and add up their squares. This method will take O(n) time complexity.

Below is the implementation of this approach:

## C++

 `// C++ Program to find sum of ` `// squares of Fibonacci numbers ` `#include ` `using` `namespace` `std; ` ` `  `// Function to calculate sum of ` `// squares of Fibonacci numbers ` `int` `calculateSquareSum(``int` `n) ` `{ ` `    ``if` `(n <= 0) ` `        ``return` `0; ` ` `  `    ``int` `fibo[n + 1]; ` `    ``fibo[0] = 0, fibo[1] = 1; ` ` `  `    ``// Initialize result ` `    ``int` `sum = (fibo[0] * fibo[0]) + (fibo[1] * fibo[1]); ` ` `  `    ``// Add remaining terms ` `    ``for` `(``int` `i = 2; i <= n; i++) { ` `        ``fibo[i] = fibo[i - 1] + fibo[i - 2]; ` `        ``sum += (fibo[i] * fibo[i]); ` `    ``} ` ` `  `    ``return` `sum; ` `} ` ` `  `// Driver program to test above function ` `int` `main() ` `{ ` `    ``int` `n = 6; ` ` `  `    ``cout << ``"Sum of squares of Fibonacci numbers is : "` `         ``<< calculateSquareSum(n) << endl; ` ` `  `    ``return` `0; ` `} `

## Java

 `// Java Program to find sum of  ` `// squares of Fibonacci numbers  ` `   `  `public` `class` `Improve { ` `     `  `     ``// Function to calculate sum of  ` `    ``// squares of Fibonacci numbers  ` `    ``static` `int` `calculateSquareSum(``int` `n)  ` `    ``{  ` `        ``if` `(n <= ``0``)  ` `            ``return` `0``;  ` `       `  `        ``int` `fibo[] = ``new` `int``[n+``1``];  ` `        ``fibo[``0``] = ``0` `; ` `        ``fibo[``1``] = ``1` `;  ` `       `  `        ``// Initialize result  ` `        ``int` `sum = (fibo[``0``] * fibo[``0``]) + (fibo[``1``] * fibo[``1``]);  ` `       `  `        ``// Add remaining terms  ` `        ``for` `(``int` `i = ``2``; i <= n; i++) {  ` `            ``fibo[i] = fibo[i - ``1``] + fibo[i - ``2``];  ` `            ``sum += (fibo[i] * fibo[i]);  ` `        ``}  ` `       `  `        ``return` `sum;  ` `    ``}  ` `       `  `    ``// Driver code ` `    ``public` `static` `void` `main(String args[]) ` `    ``{ ` `           ``int` `n = ``6``;  ` `           ``System.out.println(``"Sum of squares of Fibonacci numbers is : "` `+  ` `                                ``calculateSquareSum(n));  ` `           `  `    ``} ` `    ``// This Code is contributed by ANKITRAI1 ` `} `

## Python3

 `# Python3 Program to find sum of  ` `# squares of Fibonacci numbers  ` ` `  `# Function to calculate sum of  ` `# squares of Fibonacci numbers  ` `def` `calculateSquareSum(n): ` `    ``fibo ``=` `[``0``] ``*` `(n ``+` `1``); ` `    ``if` `(n <``=` `0``): ` `        ``return` `0``; ` `    ``fibo[``0``] ``=` `0``; ` `    ``fibo[``1``] ``=` `1``; ` `     `  `    ``# Initialize result ` `    ``sum` `=` `((fibo[``0``] ``*` `fibo[``0``]) ``+`  `           ``(fibo[``1``] ``*` `fibo[``1``])); ` `     `  `    ``# Add remaining terms ` `    ``for` `i ``in` `range``(``2``, n ``+` `1``): ` `        ``fibo[i] ``=` `(fibo[i ``-` `1``] ``+`  `                   ``fibo[i ``-` `2``]); ` `        ``sum` `+``=` `(fibo[i] ``*` `fibo[i]); ` ` `  `    ``return` `sum``;  ` ` `  `# Driver Code ` `n ``=` `6``;  ` ` `  `print``(``"Sum of squares of Fibonacci numbers is :"``, ` `                          ``calculateSquareSum(n));  ` ` `  `# This Code is contributed by mits `

## C#

 `// C# Program to find sum of  ` `// squares of Fibonacci numbers  ` `  `  `using` `System; ` `public` `class` `Improve { ` `      `  `     ``// Function to calculate sum of  ` `    ``// squares of Fibonacci numbers  ` `    ``static` `int` `calculateSquareSum(``int` `n)  ` `    ``{  ` `        ``if` `(n <= 0)  ` `            ``return` `0;  ` `        `  `        ``int``[] fibo = ``new` `int``[n+1];  ` `        ``fibo[0] = 0 ; ` `        ``fibo[1] = 1 ;  ` `        `  `        ``// Initialize result  ` `        ``int` `sum = (fibo[0] * fibo[0]) + (fibo[1] * fibo[1]);  ` `        `  `        ``// Add remaining terms  ` `        ``for` `(``int` `i = 2; i <= n; i++) {  ` `            ``fibo[i] = fibo[i - 1] + fibo[i - 2];  ` `            ``sum += (fibo[i] * fibo[i]);  ` `        ``}  ` `        `  `        ``return` `sum;  ` `    ``}  ` `        `  `    ``// Driver code ` `    ``public` `static` `void` `Main() ` `    ``{ ` `           ``int` `n = 6;  ` `           ``Console.Write(``"Sum of squares of Fibonacci numbers is : "` `+  ` `                                ``calculateSquareSum(n));  ` `            `  `    ``} ` `     `  `} `

## PHP

 ` `

Output:

```Sum of squares of Fibonacci numbers is : 104
```

Method 2: We know that for i-th fibonnacci number,

```fi+1 = fi + fi-1  for all i>0

Or, fi = fi+1 - fi-1 for all i>0
Or, fi2 = fifi+1 - fi-1fi
```

So for any n>0 we see,

f02 + f12 + f22+…….+fn2
= f02 + ( f1f2– f0f1)+(f2f3 – f1f2 ) +………….+ (fnfn+1 – fn-1fn )
= fnfn+1 (Since f0 = 0)

This identity also satisfies for n=0 ( For n=0, f02 = 0 = f0 f1 ) .

Therefore, to find the sum, it is only needed to find fn and fn+1. To find fn in O(log n) time. Refer to Method 5 or method 6 of this article.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

## C++

 `// C++ Program to find sum of squares of ` `// Fibonacci numbers in O(Log n) time. ` `#include ` `using` `namespace` `std; ` `const` `int` `MAX = 1000; ` ` `  `// Create an array for memoization ` `int` `f[MAX] = { 0 }; ` ` `  `// Returns n'th Fibonacci number using table f[] ` `int` `fib(``int` `n) ` `{ ` `    ``// Base cases ` `    ``if` `(n == 0) ` `        ``return` `0; ` `    ``if` `(n == 1 || n == 2) ` `        ``return` `(f[n] = 1); ` ` `  `    ``// If fib(n) is already computed ` `    ``if` `(f[n]) ` `        ``return` `f[n]; ` ` `  `    ``int` `k = (n & 1) ? (n + 1) / 2 : n / 2; ` ` `  `    ``// Applying above formula [Note value n&1 is 1 ` `    ``// if n is odd, else 0]. ` `    ``f[n] = (n & 1) ? (fib(k) * fib(k) + fib(k - 1) * fib(k - 1)) ` `                   ``: (2 * fib(k - 1) + fib(k)) * fib(k); ` ` `  `    ``return` `f[n]; ` `} ` ` `  `// Function to calculate sum of ` `// squares of Fibonacci numbers ` `int` `calculateSumOfSquares(``int` `n) ` `{ ` `    ``return` `fib(n) * fib(n + 1); ` `} ` ` `  `// Driver Code ` `int` `main() ` `{ ` `    ``int` `n = 6; ` ` `  `    ``cout << ``"Sum of Squares of Fibonacci numbers is : "` `         ``<< calculateSumOfSquares(n) << endl; ` ` `  `    ``return` `0; ` `} `

## Java

 `// Java Program to find sum of squares of ` `// Fibonacci numbers in O(Log n) time. ` ` `  `class` `gfg { ` ` `  `    ``static` `int``[] f = ``new` `int``[``1000``]; ` `// Create an array for memoization  ` ` `  `// Returns n'th Fibonacci number using table f[]  ` `    ``public` `static` `int` `fib(``int` `n) { ` `        ``// Base cases  ` `        ``if` `(n == ``0``) { ` `            ``return` `0``; ` `        ``} ` `        ``if` `(n == ``1` `|| n == ``2``) { ` `            ``return` `(f[n] = ``1``); ` `        ``} ` ` `  `        ``// If fib(n) is already computed  ` `        ``if` `(f[n] > ``0``) { ` `            ``return` `f[n]; ` `        ``} ` ` `  `        ``int` `k = ((n & ``1``) > ``0``) ? (n + ``1``) / ``2` `: n / ``2``; ` ` `  `        ``// Applying above formula [Note value n&1 is 1  ` `        ``// if n is odd, else 0].  ` `        ``f[n] = ((n & ``1``) > ``0``) ? (fib(k)  ` `                ``* fib(k) + fib(k - ``1``) * fib(k - ``1``)) ` `                ``: (``2` `* fib(k - ``1``) + fib(k)) * fib(k); ` ` `  `        ``return` `f[n]; ` `    ``} ` ` `  `// Function to calculate sum of  ` `// squares of Fibonacci numbers  ` `    ``public` `static` `int` `calculateSumOfSquares(``int` `n) { ` `        ``return` `fib(n) * fib(n + ``1``); ` `    ``} ` `} ` ` `  `// Driver Code  ` `class` `geek { ` ` `  `    ``public` `static` `void` `main(String[] args) { ` `        ``gfg g = ``new` `gfg(); ` `        ``int` `n = ``6``; ` `        ``System.out.println(``"Sum of Squares of Fibonacci numbers is : "`  `                ``+ g.calculateSumOfSquares(n)); ` `    ``} ` ` `  `} ` `// This code is contributed by PrinciRaj1992 `

## C#

 `// C# Program to find sum of squares of ` `// Fibonacci numbers in O(Log n) time. ` `using` `System; ` `class` `gfg ` `{ ` ` ``int` `[]f = ``new` `int` `[1000]; ` `  ``// Create an array for memoization ` `      `  ` ``// Returns n'th Fibonacci number using table f[]   ` ` ``public` `int` `fib(``int` `n) ` ` ``{ ` `    ``// Base cases ` `    ``if` `(n == 0) ` `        ``return` `0; ` `    ``if` `(n == 1 || n == 2) ` `        ``return` `(f[n] = 1); ` ` `  `    ``// If fib(n) is already computed ` `    ``if` `(f[n]>0) ` `        ``return` `f[n]; ` ` `  `    ``int` `k = ((n & 1)>0) ? (n + 1) / 2 : n / 2; ` ` `  `    ``// Applying above formula [Note value n&1 is 1 ` `    ``// if n is odd, else 0]. ` `    ``f[n] = ((n & 1)>0) ? (fib(k) * fib(k) + fib(k - 1) * fib(k - 1)) ` `                ``: (2 * fib(k - 1) + fib(k)) * fib(k); ` ` `  `    ``return` `f[n]; ` ` ``} ` ` `  `// Function to calculate sum of ` `// squares of Fibonacci numbers ` `public` `int` `calculateSumOfSquares(``int` `n) ` ` ``{  ` `    ``return` `fib(n) * fib(n + 1); ` ` ``} ` `} ` ` `  `// Driver Code ` `class` `geek ` `{ ` ` ``public` `static` `int` `Main() ` ` ``{ ` `    ``gfg g = ``new` `gfg(); ` `    ``int` `n = 6; ` `    ``Console.WriteLine( ``"Sum of Squares of Fibonacci numbers is : {0}"``, g.calculateSumOfSquares(n)); ` `    ``return` `0; ` ` ``} ` `     `  `} `

## PHP

Output:

```Sum of Squares of Fibonacci numbers is : 104
```

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