# Efficient method for 2’s complement of a binary string

• Difficulty Level : Easy
• Last Updated : 06 Jul, 2022

Given a Binary Number as string, print its 2’s complements.
2’s complement of a binary number is 1 added to the 1’s complement of the binary number. Note that 1’s complement is simply flip of given binary number.

Examples:

```2's complement of "0111" is  "1001"
2's complement of "1100" is  "0100" ```

## We strongly recommend that you click here and practice it, before moving on to the solution.

We have discussed 1’s and 2’s complements in below post.
1’s and 2’s complement of a Binary Number.

The method discussed in above post traverses binary string twice to find 2’s complement, first finds 1’s complement, then finds 2’s complement using 1’s complement
In this post an efficient method for 2’s complement is discussed that traverses string only once. We traverse the string from last till the single 1 is not traversed and after that flip all values of string i.e. 0 to 1 and 1 to 0.

Note: Here to handle the corner case i.e. if 1 doesn’t exist in the string then just append 1 in the starting of string.

Illustration :

```Input:  str = "1000100"
Output:        0111100
Explanation: Starts traversing the string from last,
we got first '1' at index 4 then just flip the bits
of 0 to 3 indexes to make the 2's complement.

Input:  str =  "0000"
Output:        10000
Explanation: As there is no 1 in the string so just
append '1' at starting.```

Implementation:

## C++

 `// An efficient C++ program to find 2's complement` `#include` `using` `namespace` `std;`   `// Function to find two's complement` `string findTwoscomplement(string str)` `{` `    ``int` `n = str.length();`   `    ``// Traverse the string to get first '1' from` `    ``// the last of string` `    ``int` `i;` `    ``for` `(i = n-1 ; i >= 0 ; i--)` `        ``if` `(str[i] == ``'1'``)` `            ``break``;`   `    ``// If there exists no '1' concatenate 1 at the` `    ``// starting of string` `    ``if` `(i == -1)` `        ``return` `'1'` `+ str;`   `    ``// Continue traversal after the position of` `    ``// first '1'` `    ``for` `(``int` `k = i-1 ; k >= 0; k--)` `    ``{` `        ``//Just flip the values` `        ``if` `(str[k] == ``'1'``)` `            ``str[k] = ``'0'``;` `        ``else` `            ``str[k] = ``'1'``;` `    ``}`   `    ``// return the modified string` `    ``return` `str;` `}`   `// Driver code` `int` `main()` `{` `    ``string str = ``"00000101"``;` `    ``cout << findTwoscomplement(str);` `    ``return` `0;` `}              `

## Java

 `// An efficient Java program to find 2's complement`   `class` `Test` `{` `    ``// Method to find two's complement` `    ``static` `String findTwoscomplement(StringBuffer str)` `    ``{` `        ``int` `n = str.length();` `     `  `        ``// Traverse the string to get first '1' from` `        ``// the last of string` `        ``int` `i;` `        ``for` `(i = n-``1` `; i >= ``0` `; i--)` `            ``if` `(str.charAt(i) == ``'1'``)` `                ``break``;` `     `  `        ``// If there exists no '1' concat 1 at the` `        ``// starting of string` `        ``if` `(i == -``1``)` `            ``return` `"1"` `+ str;` `     `  `        ``// Continue traversal after the position of` `        ``// first '1'` `        ``for` `(``int` `k = i-``1` `; k >= ``0``; k--)` `        ``{` `            ``//Just flip the values` `            ``if` `(str.charAt(k) == ``'1'``)` `                ``str.replace(k, k+``1``, ``"0"``);` `            ``else` `                ``str.replace(k, k+``1``, ``"1"``);` `        ``}` `     `  `        ``// return the modified string` `        ``return` `str.toString();` `    ``}` `    `  `    ``// Driver method` `    ``public` `static` `void` `main(String[] args) ` `    ``{` `        ``StringBuffer str = ``new` `StringBuffer(``"00000101"``);` `        ``System.out.println(findTwoscomplement(str));` `    ``}` `}`

## Python3

 `# An efficient Python 3 program to ` `# find 2's complement`   `# Function to find two's complement` `def` `findTwoscomplement(``str``):` `    ``n ``=` `len``(``str``)`   `    ``# Traverse the string to get first ` `    ``# '1' from the last of string` `    ``i ``=` `n ``-` `1` `    ``while``(i >``=` `0``):` `        ``if` `(``str``[i] ``=``=` `'1'``):` `            ``break`   `        ``i ``-``=` `1`   `    ``# If there exists no '1' concatenate 1 ` `    ``# at the starting of string` `    ``if` `(i ``=``=` `-``1``):` `        ``return` `'1'``+``str`   `    ``# Continue traversal after the ` `    ``# position of first '1'` `    ``k ``=` `i ``-` `1` `    ``while``(k >``=` `0``):` `        `  `        ``# Just flip the values` `        ``if` `(``str``[k] ``=``=` `'1'``):` `            ``str` `=` `list``(``str``)` `            ``str``[k] ``=` `'0'` `            ``str` `=` `''.join(``str``)` `        ``else``:` `            ``str` `=` `list``(``str``)` `            ``str``[k] ``=` `'1'` `            ``str` `=` `''.join(``str``)`   `        ``k ``-``=` `1`   `    ``# return the modified string` `    ``return` `str`   `# Driver code` `if` `__name__ ``=``=` `'__main__'``:` `    ``str` `=` `"00000101"` `    ``print``(findTwoscomplement(``str``))`   `# This code is contributed by` `# Sanjit_Prasad`

## C#

 `// An efficient c# program to find 2's complement ` `using` `System;` `using` `System.Text;`   `class` `GFG` `{` `// Method to find two's complement ` `public` `static` `string` `findTwoscomplement(StringBuilder str)` `{` `    ``int` `n = str.Length;`   `    ``// Traverse the string to get ` `    ``// first '1' from the last of string ` `    ``int` `i;` `    ``for` `(i = n - 1 ; i >= 0 ; i--)` `    ``{` `        ``if` `(str[i] == ``'1'``)` `        ``{` `            ``break``;` `        ``}` `    ``}`   `    ``// If there exists no '1' concat 1 ` `    ``// at the starting of string ` `    ``if` `(i == -1)` `    ``{` `        ``return` `"1"` `+ str;` `    ``}`   `    ``// Continue traversal after the` `    ``// position of first '1' ` `    ``for` `(``int` `k = i - 1 ; k >= 0; k--)` `    ``{` `        ``// Just flip the values ` `        ``if` `(str[k] == ``'1'``)` `        ``{` `            ``str.Remove(k, k + 1 - k).Insert(k, ``"0"``);` `        ``}` `        ``else` `        ``{` `            ``str.Remove(k, k + 1 - k).Insert(k, ``"1"``);` `        ``}` `    ``}`   `    ``// return the modified string ` `    ``return` `str.ToString();` `}`   `// Driver Code ` `public` `static` `void` `Main(``string``[] args)` `{` `    ``StringBuilder str = ``new` `StringBuilder(``"00000101"``);` `    ``Console.WriteLine(findTwoscomplement(str));` `}` `}`   `// This code is contributed by Shrikant13`

## PHP

 `= 0 ; ``\$i``--)` `        ``if` `(``\$str``[``\$i``] == ``'1'``)` `            ``break``;`   `    ``// If there exists no '1' concatenate` `    ``// 1 at the starting of string` `    ``if` `(``\$i` `== -1)` `        ``return` `'1'` `+ ``\$str``;`   `    ``// Continue traversal after the ` `    ``// position of first '1'` `    ``for` `(``\$k` `= ``\$i``-1 ; ``\$k` `>= 0; ``\$k``--)` `    ``{` `        ``// Just flip the values` `        ``if` `(``\$str``[``\$k``] == ``'1'``)` `            ``\$str``[``\$k``] = ``'0'``;` `        ``else` `            ``\$str``[``\$k``] = ``'1'``;` `    ``}`   `    ``// return the modified string` `    ``return` `\$str``;;` `}`   `// Driver code` `\$str` `= ``"00000101"``;` `echo` `findTwoscomplement(``\$str``);`   `// This code is contributed by jit.` `?>`

## Javascript

 ``

Output

`11111011`

Time complexity : O(n)
Auxiliary Space : O(1)

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