# Class 8 Maths Chapter 13 Direct and Indirect Proportions

Posted on: October 27, 2021 Posted by: user Comments: 0

Chapter 13 Direct and Indirect Proportions

## NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 13 Direct and Indirect Proportions Ex 13.1

Question 1.
Following are the car parking charges near a railway station up to
4 hours ₹ 60
8 hours ₹ 100
12 hours ₹ 140
24 hours ₹ 180
Check if the parking charges are in direct proportion to the parking time.
Solution.
We have
604=151
1008=252
14012=353
18024=152
Since all the values are not the same, therefore, the parking charges are not in direct proportion to the parking time.

Question 2.
A mixture of paint is prepared by mixing 1 part of red pigments with 8 parts of the base. In the following table, find the parts othe f base that need to be added.

Solution.
Sol. Let the number of parts of red pigment is x and the number of parts of the base is y.
As the number of parts of red pigment increases, a number of parts of the base also increases in the same ratio. So it is a case of direct proportion.
We make use of the relation of the type

Question 3.
In Question 2 above, if 1 part of a red pigment requires 75 mL of the base, how much red pigment should we mix with 1800 mL of base?
Solution.
Let the number of parts of red pigment is x and the amount of base be y mL.
As the number of parts of red pigment increases, the amount of base also increases in the same ratio. So it is a case of direct proportion. We make use of the relation of the type.

Question 4.
A machine in a soft drink factory fills 840 bottles in six hours. How many bottles will it fill in five hours?
Solution.
Let the machine fill x bottles in five hours. We put the given information in the form of a table as shown below :
Number of bottles filled 840 x2
Number of hours 6 5
More the number of hours, more the number of bottles would be filled. So, the number of bottles filled and the number of hours are directly proportional to each other.
So, x1x2=y1y2
⇒ 840×2=65
⇒ 6×2=840×5
⇒ x2=840×56
⇒ x2=700
Hence, 700 bottles will be filled.

Question 5.
A photograph of a bacteria enlarged 50,000 times attains a length of 5 cm as shown in the diagram. What is the actual length of the bacteria ? If the photograph is enlarged 20,000 times only, what would be its enlarged length?

Solution.
Actual length of the bacteria
= 550000cm
= 110000 = 10−4cm
10000
Let the enlarged length be y2 cm. We put the given information in the form of a table as shown below:
Number of times Length attained
photograph enlarged (in cm)
50.000 5
20.000 y2
More the number of times a photograph of a bacteria is enlarged, more the length attained. So, the number of times a photograph of a bacteria is enlarged and the length attained are directly proportional to each other.
So,x2y2=x2y2
⇒ 500005=20000y2
⇒ 50000y2=5×20000
⇒ y2=5×2000050000
⇒ y2=2
Hence, its enlarged length would be
2 cm.

Question 6.
In a model of a ship, the mast is 9 cm high, while the mast of the actual ship is 12 m high. If the length of the ship is 28 m, how long is the model ship ?

Solution.

Question 7.
Suppose 2 kg of sugar contains 9 x 106 crystals. How many sugar crystals are there in
(i) 5 kg of sugar?
(ii) 1.2 kg of sugar?
Solution.
Suppose the amount of sugar is x kg and the number of crystals is y.
We put the given information in the form of a table as shown below:

As the amount of sugar increases, the number of crystals also increases in the same ratio. So it is a case of direct proportion. We make use of the relation of the type x1y1=x2y2

Question 8.
Rashmi has a roadmap with a scale of 1 cm representing 18 km. She drives on a T’oad for 72 km. What would be her distance covered in the map?
Solution.
Let the distance covered in the map be x cm. Then,
1 : 18 = x : 72
⇒ 118=x72
⇒ x=7218
⇒ x = 4
Hence, the distance covered in the map would be 4 cm.

Question 9.
A5 m 60 cm high vertical pole casts a shadow 3 m 20 cm long. Find at the same time
(i) the length of the shadow cast by another pole 10 m 50 cm high
(ii) the height of a pole which casts a shadow 5 m long.
Solution.
Let the height of the vertical pole be x m and the length of the shadow be y m.
We put the given information in the form of a table as shown below:

Question 10.
A loaded truck travels 14 km. in 25 minutes. If the speed remains the same, how far can it travel in 5 hours?
Solution.
Two quantities x and y which vary in direct proportion have the relation

## NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 13 Direct and Indirect Proportions Ex 13.2

Question 1.
Which of the following are in inverse proportion?
(i) The number of workers on a job and the time to complete the job.
(ii) The time is taken for a journey and the distance traveled in a uniform speed.
(iii) Area of cultivated land and the crop harvested.
(iv) The time is taken for a fixed journey and the speed of the vehicle.
(v) The population of a country and the area of land per person.
Solution.
(i) The number of workers on jobs and the time to complete the job are in inverse proportion.
(ii) The time is taken for a journey and the distance traveled in a uniform speed are not in inverse proportion.
(iii) Area of cultivated land and the crop harvested are not in inverse proportion.
(iv) The time taken for a fixed journey and the speed of the vehicle are in inverse proportion.
(v) The population of a country and the area of land per person are in inverse proportion.

Question 2.
In a Television game show, the prize money of  1,00,000 is to be divided equally amongst the winners. Complete the following table and find whether the prize money given to an individual winner is directly or inversely proportional to the number of winners.

Solution.

Question 3.
Rehman is making a wheel using spokes. He wants to fix equal spokes in such a way that the angles between any pair of consecutive spokes are equal. Help him by completing the following table.

(i) Are the number of spokes and the angles formed between the pairs of consecutive spokes in verse proportion?
(ii) Calculate the angle between a pair of consecutive spokes on a wheel with 15 spokes.
(iii) How many spokes would be needed, if the angle between a pair of consecutive spokes is 40°?
Solution.
Let the angle (in degree) between a pair of consecutive spokes be y3, y4 and y5 respectively. Then,

Question 4.
If a box of sweets is divided among 24 children, they will get 5 sweets each. How many would each get, if the number of the children is reduced by 4?
Solution.
Suppose that each would get y2 sweets.
Thus, we have the following table.

Question 5.
A farmer has enough food to feed 20 animals in his cattle for 6 days. How long would the food last if there were 10 more animals in his cattle?
Solution.
Suppose that the food would last for y2 days. We have the following table:

Question 6.
A contractor estimates that 3 persons could rewire Jasminder’s house in 4 days. If, he uses 4 persons instead of three, how long should they take to complete the job?
Solution.
Suppose that they take y2 days to complete the job. We have the following table

Question 7.
A batch of bottles was packed in 25 boxes with 12 bottles in each box. If the same batch is packed using 20 bottles in each box, how many boxes would be filled?

Solution.
Suppose that y2 boxes would be filled. We have the following table:

Question 8.
A factory requires 42 machines to produce a given number of articles in 63 days. How many machines would be required to produce the same number of articles in 54 days?
Solution.
Suppose that x2 machines would be required. We have the following table:

Question 9.
A car takes 2 hours to reach a destination by traveling at a speed of 60 km/h. How long will it take when the car travels at the speed of 80 km/h?
Solution.
Let it take y2 hours. We have the following table:
sol.

Question 10.
Two persons could fit new windows in a house in 3 days.
(i) One of the persons fell ill before the work started. How long would the job take now?
(ii) How many persons would be needed to fit the windows in one day?
Solution.
(i) Let the job would take y2 days. We have the following table:

Clearly, more the number of persons, lesser would be the number of days to do the job. So, the number of persons and number of days vary in inverse proportion.
So, 2 x 3 = 1 x y2
⇒ y2 = 6
Thus, the job would now take 6 days.

(ii) Let y2 persons be needed. We have the following table:

Clearly, more the number of persons, lesser would be the number of days to do the job. So, the number of persons and number of days vary in inverse proportion.
So, 3 x 2 = 1 x y3
⇒ T2 = 6
Thus, 6 persons would be needed.

Question 11.
A school has 8periods a day each of 45 minutes duration. How long would each period be, if the school has 9 periods a day, assuming the number of school hours to be the same?
Solution.
Let each period be y2 minutes long.
We have the following table:

We note that more the number of periods, lesser would be the length of each period. Therefore, this is a case of inverse proportion.
So, 8 x 45 = 9 x y2
⇒ y2=8×459
⇒ y2 = 40
Hence, each period would be 40 minutes long.
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