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library_name: transformers
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---
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# Model Card for
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## Model Details
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<!-- Provide a longer summary of what this model is. -->
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This
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- **Developed by:**
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- **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed]
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- **License:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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### Model Sources
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- **Repository:** [
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- **Paper
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- **Demo
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<!-- Address questions around how the model is intended to be used, including the foreseeable users of the model and those affected by the model. -->
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### Direct Use
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<!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. -->
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<!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Out-of-Scope Use
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<!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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[More Information Needed]
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<!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
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Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
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## How to Get Started with the Model
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Use the code below to get started with the model.
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[More Information Needed]
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## Training Details
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<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. -->
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### Training Procedure
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<!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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#### Preprocessing
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#### Training Hyperparameters
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#### Speeds, Sizes, Times
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<!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Evaluation
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#### Factors
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Metrics
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<!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. -->
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### Results
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#### Summary
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## Model Examination [optional]
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<!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Environmental Impact
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<!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
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Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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- **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Hours used:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed]
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## Technical Specifications [optional]
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### Model Architecture and Objective
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### Compute Infrastructure
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#### Hardware
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#### Software
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## Citation [optional]
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<!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the model, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
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**BibTeX:**
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[More Information Needed]
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**APA:**
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## Model Card Contact
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library_name: transformers
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datasets:
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- stanfordnlp/imdb
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metrics:
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- accuracy
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- f1
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base_model:
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- google-bert/bert-base-uncased
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pipeline_tag: text-classification
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# Model Card for bert-imdb-sentiment
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<!-- Provide a quick summary of what the model is/does. -->
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This is a fine-tuned `bert-base-uncased` model for **binary sentiment classification** on the IMDb movie reviews dataset.
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The model predicts whether a given movie review is **positive** or **negative**.
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## Model Details
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<!-- Provide a longer summary of what this model is. -->
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This model is a `BertForSequenceClassification` model fine-tuned using Hugging Face Transformers and the IMDb dataset (25,000 movie reviews).
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The training was done using the `Trainer` API with the following configuration:
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- Tokenization with `BertTokenizer` (`bert-base-uncased`), max sequence length of 256.
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- Fine-tuned for 3 epochs with learning rate `2e-5` and mixed-precision (fp16).
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- Achieved **~91.54% accuracy** and **F1 score of ~91.54%** on the test split.
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- **Developed by:** *koushik reddy*
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- **Model type:** Transformer-based sequence classifier (`BertForSequenceClassification`)
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- **Language(s) (NLP):** English
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- **Finetuned from model :** `bert-base-uncased` ([Hugging Face link](https://huggingface.co/bert-base-uncased))
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### Model Sources
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- **Repository:** [https://huggingface.co/koushik-25/bert-imdb-sentiment](https://huggingface.co/koushik-25/bert-imdb-sentiment)
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- **Paper :** Original BERT paper: *Devlin et al., 2018* ([https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805](https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805))
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- **Demo :** You can test it directly using the Inference Widget on the model page.
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## Intended Uses & Limitations
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- ✅ Intended for sentiment classification of English movie reviews.
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- ⚠️ May not generalize well to other domains (e.g., tweets, product reviews) without additional fine-tuning.
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- ⚠️ May reflect biases present in the IMDb dataset and the original BERT pre-training corpus.
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### Direct Use
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<!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. -->
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```python
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from transformers import BertForSequenceClassification, BertTokenizer
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import torch
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# Load model from the Hub
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model = BertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("your-username/bert-imdb-sentiment")
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tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained("your-username/bert-imdb-sentiment")
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# Inference
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inputs = tokenizer("The movie was fantastic!", return_tensors="pt")
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with torch.no_grad():
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logits = model(**inputs).logits
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pred = torch.argmax(logits, dim=1).item()
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print(["NEGATIVE", "POSITIVE"][pred])
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```
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## Training Details
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<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. -->
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- **Dataset:** IMDb movie reviews (`datasets.load_dataset('imdb')`).
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- **Size:** 25,000 training, 25,000 test samples.
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- **Preprocessing:** Tokenization with `max_length=256` chosen based on review length histogram.
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### Training Procedure
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<!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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#### Preprocessing
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- Text was lowercased automatically because `bert-base-uncased` is a lowercase model.
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- Each example was tokenized with padding to `max_length=256` and truncated if longer.
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- The dataset was split into train, validation, and test using:
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- `train`: 0–20,000 samples from the training set
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- `val`: 20,000–25,000 samples from the training set
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- `test`: the official IMDb test split
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#### Training Hyperparameters
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- **Base Model:** `bert-base-uncased`
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- **Num Labels:** 2 (binary classification)
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- **Batch size:** 4 per device (with gradient accumulation of 16 steps, so effective batch size = 64)
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- **Learning Rate:** 2e-5
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- **Epochs:** 3
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- **Optimizer:** AdamW (default in Transformers)
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- **Mixed Precision:** fp16 mixed precision training enabled for faster training and reduced memory usage (`fp16=True` in `TrainingArguments`)
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- **Scheduler:** Linear learning rate scheduler with warmup (default)
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- **Seed:** 224
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#### Speeds, Sizes, Times
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<!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. -->
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- **Training Time:** Approx. varies by GPU; typically around 15-20 minutes on T4 GPU
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- **Checkpoint Size:** ~420MB for `pytorch_model.bin` (BERT base size plus classification head).
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- **Total Parameters:** ~110 million.
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## Evaluation
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- **Dataset:** IMDb test split (25,000 reviews) held out from training.
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- **Preprocessing:** Same as training — lowercased, tokenized with `max_length=256`.
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#### Factors
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<!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. -->
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- This model was evaluated on the overall IMDb test set only. No specific subgroup or domain disaggregation was done.
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- The model is expected to generalize well to similar English movie review sentiment but may not be robust to domain shifts.
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#### Metrics
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- **Accuracy:** Measures the fraction of correctly classified reviews.
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- **F1 Score:** Weighted average F1 across classes to balance precision and recall.
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## Evaluation Results
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| Metric | Score |
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| Accuracy | 91.54% |
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| F1 Score | 91.54% |
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Evaluated on the IMDb test set.
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## Summary
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This is a fine-tuned BERT model (`bert-base-uncased`) for binary sentiment analysis on the IMDb movie reviews dataset.
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It classifies a given movie review as **positive** or **negative** with an accuracy of **91.54%** and a weighted F1 score of **91.54%** on the test set.
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The model was trained using the Hugging Face `transformers` library, with tokenization based on a maximum sequence length of 256 tokens to balance coverage and efficiency.
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The model is intended for English movie reviews but may generalize reasonably to similar sentiment analysis tasks on longer-form English text.
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