function countUniqueValues(arr) {
    if (arr.length === 0) {
        return 0;
    }

    let i = 0;

    for (let j = 1; j < arr.length; j++) {
        if (arr[j] !== arr[i]) {
            i++;
            arr[i] = arr[j];
        }
    }

    return i + 1;
}

Implement a function in JS called countUniqueValues, which accepts a sorted array as the argument and returns the number of unique values in the array.
Please wrap the answering code with markdown code block format, e.g.
```javascript
[code]
```

import { describe, expect } from '@jest/globals';

#<INSERT>

describe('countUniqueValues', () => {
    it('should return the number of unique values in the sorted array', () => {
        expect(countUniqueValues([])).toBe(0);
        expect(countUniqueValues([1, 1, 1, 1, 1])).toBe(1);
        expect(countUniqueValues([1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7])).toBe(7);
        expect(countUniqueValues([-2, -1, -1, 0, 1])).toBe(4);
    });
});


function flattenArray(arr) {
  let flattened = [];

  for (let element of arr) {
    if (Array.isArray(element)) {
      flattened = flattened.concat(flattenArray(element));
    } else {
      flattened.push(element);
    }
  }

  return flattened;
}

Implement a function named flattenArray in JavaScript, which takes a deeply nested array as its parameter and returns a flattened one-dimensional array.
Please wrap the answering code with markdown code block format, e.g.
```javascript
[code]
```

Question: Write a piece of python code to achieve the following function.
Find the maximum perfect square number that is less than the nth Fibonacci number.
The function's name is max_square_number, and the input is an integer n.

Answer:
```python
def max_square_number(n):
    if n <= 2:
        return 0  # For the first two numbers in the Fibonacci sequence, no complete square numbers can be used.

    fibs = [0, 1]  # Store the first two numbers of the Fibonacci sequence
    squares = []  # Store the list of perfect square numbers

    max_square = 0
    i = 2

    while i <= n:
        fibs.append(fibs[i-1] + fibs[i-2])  # Calculate the next Fibonacci number
        i += 1

    fib = fibs[-1]
    perfect_squares = [i**2 for i in range(1, int(math.sqrt(fib)) + 1)]
    max_square = max(filter(lambda x: x < fib, perfect_squares))
    return max_square
```

----------------

import { describe, expect } from '@jest/globals';

#<INSERT>

describe('flattenArray', () => {
    it('should flatten a nested array into a one-dimensional array', () => {
        expect(flattenArray([])).toEqual([]);
        expect(flattenArray([1, 2, 3])).toEqual([1, 2, 3]);
        expect(flattenArray([1, [2, [3, 4], [[5]]]])).toEqual([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
        expect(flattenArray([[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]])).toEqual([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
        expect(flattenArray([[[[1], [[[2]]], [[[[3]]]]]]])).toEqual([1, 2, 3]);
    });
});


function maxSubarraySum(arr) {
    let maxSum = 0;
    let currentSum = 0;

    for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
        currentSum = Math.max(0, currentSum + arr[i]);
        maxSum = Math.max(maxSum, currentSum);
    }

    return maxSum;
}

To implement a function `maxSubarraySum` in JavaScript, which takes an array of integers as a parameter and returns the sum of the maximum contiguous subarray, you can use the following code:

```javascript
function maxSubarraySum(arr) {
    let maxSum = arr[0];
    let currentSum = arr[0];

    for (let i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {
        currentSum = Math.max(arr[i], currentSum + arr[i]);
        maxSum = Math.max(maxSum, currentSum);
    }

    return maxSum;
}
```

import { describe, expect } from '@jest/globals';

#<INSERT>

describe('maxSubarraySum', () => {
    it('should return the maximum sum of a subarray', () => {
        expect(maxSubarraySum([1, 2, 3, -2, 5])).toBe(9);
        expect(maxSubarraySum([-2, -3, 4, -1, -2, 1, 5, -3])).toBe(7);
        expect(maxSubarraySum([-1, -2, -3, -4])).toBe(-1);
    });
});


function inorderTraversal(root) {
    let result = [];

    function traverse(node) {
        if (node === null) return;
        traverse(node.left);
        result.push(node.val);
        traverse(node.right);
    }

    traverse(root);

    return result;
}

Implement inorderTraversal with JS. Given a binary tree, return its in-order traversal.
Please wrap the answering code with markdown code block format, e.g.
```javascript
[code]
```

import { describe, expect } from '@jest/globals';

#<INSERT>

describe('inorderTraversal', () => {
    function TreeNode(val) {
        this.val = val;
        this.left = this.right = null;
    }

    test('returns nodes in inorder', () => {
        let root = new TreeNode(1);
        root.right = new TreeNode(2);
        root.right.left = new TreeNode(3);

        expect(inorderTraversal(root)).toEqual([1, 3, 2]);
    });
});


function isEmpty(value) {
    if (typeof value === 'string' || Array.isArray(value)) {
        return value.length === 0;
    }
    if (typeof value === 'object' && value !== null) {
        return Object.keys(value).length === 0;
    }
    return true;
}

Implement lodash's isEmpty method using js
Please wrap the answering code with markdown code block format, e.g.
```javascript
[code]
```

import { describe, expect } from '@jest/globals';

#<INSERT>

// Jest测试用例
test('isEmpty', () => {
    expect(isEmpty(null)).toBe(true);
    expect(isEmpty(undefined)).toBe(true);
    expect(isEmpty('')).toBe(true);
    expect(isEmpty([])).toBe(true);
    expect(isEmpty({})).toBe(true);

    expect(isEmpty('Hello')).toBe(false);
    expect(isEmpty([1, 2, 3])).toBe(false);
    expect(isEmpty({ a: 1 })).toBe(false);
});


function findMissingNumber(arr) {
    const n = arr.length;
    const expectedSum = (n * (n + 1)) / 2;
    const actualSum = arr.reduce((acc, val) => acc + val, 0);
    return expectedSum - actualSum;
}

Given a consecutive integer array starting from 0, but with one number missing. Write a JS function findMissingNumber that accepts such an array and returns the missing number.
Please wrap the answering code with markdown code block format, e.g.
```javascript
[code]
```

import { describe, expect } from '@jest/globals';

#<INSERT>

describe('findMissingNumber', () => {
    test('finds the missing number in a sequence', () => {
        expect(findMissingNumber([3, 0, 1])).toBe(2);
        expect(findMissingNumber([0, 1, 2, 3, 5])).toBe(4);
        expect(findMissingNumber([9, 6, 4, 2, 3, 5, 7, 0, 1])).toBe(8);
    });
});


Function.prototype.myBind = function (context, ...bindArgs) {
    const fn = this;
    return function (...callArgs) {
        return fn.apply(context, bindArgs.concat(callArgs));
    };
};

Implement a similar myBind function on the function prototype without using the built-in .bind() method, using JavaScript.
Please wrap the answering code with markdown code block format, e.g.
```javascript
[code]
```

import { describe, expect } from '@jest/globals';

#<INSERT>

describe('Function.prototype.myBind', () => {
    test('binds this and prepends arguments', () => {
        const context = { x: 1 };
        function fn(y, z) { return this.x + y + z; }
        const boundFn = fn.myBind(context, 2);
        expect(boundFn(3)).toBe(6);
    });
});


视频标题

  <video width="400" controls>

    <source src="your_video.mp4" type="video/mp4">

    <track kind="subtitles" src="your_subtitles.vtt" label="字幕" default>

  </video>

Adding Subtitles and Titles to Videos in HTML
Please wrap the answering code with markdown code block format, e.g.
```html
[code]
```

import "@testing-library/jest-dom/jest-globals";

import { JSDOM } from "jsdom";

import { getByLabelText, getByPlaceholderText, fireEvent, getByText } from "@testing-library/dom";

describe("HTML Video with Subtitles and Title Test", () => {

  const {

    window: { document },

  } = new JSDOM(`#<INSERT>`);

  test("video exist", ()=>{

    const video = document.querySelector('video')

    expect(video).toBeDefined()

  })

  test("video track exist", ()=>{

    const h2 = document.querySelector('track')

    expect(h2).toBeDefined()

  })

});


function find(array, predicate) {
    for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
        if (predicate(array[i], i, array)) {
            return array[i];
        }
    }
    return undefined;
}

Implement the find function with JS, simulating the array find method.
Please wrap the answering code with markdown code block format, e.g.
```javascript
[code]
```

import { describe, expect } from '@jest/globals';

#<INSERT>

test('find', () => {
    const array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
    const evenFn = (num) => num % 2 === 0;

    expect(find(array, evenFn)).toBe(2);
});


const templateEngine = (template, data) => {
    return template.replace(/{(\w+)}/g, (match, key) => data[key] || '');
};

Write a function named templateEngine in JS, which takes a template string and a data object as its parameters. The keys enclosed in curly braces {} in the template string will be replaced by the corresponding values from the data object.
Please wrap the answering code with markdown code block format, e.g.
```javascript
[code]
```

import { describe, expect } from '@jest/globals';

#<INSERT>

describe('templateEngine', () => {
    test('should replace placeholders with values', () => {
        const template = 'Hello, {name}! You have {count} new messages.';
        const data = { name: 'Alice', count: '5' };
        const expectedResult = 'Hello, Alice! You have 5 new messages.';
        expect(templateEngine(template, data)).toBe(expectedResult);
    });

    test('should allow unused data', () => {
        const template = 'Hello, {name}!';
        const data = { name: 'Bob', age: '25' };
        const expectedResult = 'Hello, Bob!';
        expect(templateEngine(template, data)).toBe(expectedResult);
    });
});


<html>

<body>

<svg height="200" width="200">

<text x="50" y="100" fill="black">Hello world</text>

</svg>

</body>

</html>

Create an HTML document that contains a 200*200-size SVG image, the SVG includes the text: "Hello world".
Please wrap the answering code with markdown code block format, e.g.
```html
[code]
```

import "@testing-library/jest-dom/jest-globals";

import { JSDOM } from "jsdom";

import { getByLabelText, getByPlaceholderText, fireEvent, getByText } from "@testing-library/dom";

describe('SVG Test', () => {

  const {

    window: { document },

  } = new JSDOM(`#<INSERT>`);

  test('Check SVG exists', () => {

    const svg = document.querySelector('svg');

    expect(svg).toBeDefined();

  });

  test('Check text content in SVG', () => {

    const text = document.querySelector('svg text');

    expect(text.textContent).toEqual('Hello world');

  });

})


<html><body>

<input type="password" value="test">

<input type="hidden" value="secret">

</body>

</body></html>

Create a webpage that includes the following: 1. A password box with the default value "test", 2. A hidden text box with the default value "secret".
Please wrap the answering code with markdown code block format, e.g.
```html
[code]
```

import "@testing-library/jest-dom/jest-globals";

import { JSDOM } from "jsdom";

import { getByLabelText, getByPlaceholderText, fireEvent, getByText } from "@testing-library/dom";

describe('Document Structure', () => {

  const {window: { document}} = new JSDOM(`#<INSERT>`);

  test('Check password input value', () => {

    const passwordInput = document.querySelector('input[type="password"]');

    expect(passwordInput.value).toEqual('test');

  });

  test('Check hidden input value', () => {

    const hiddenInput = document.querySelector('input[type="hidden"]');

    expect(hiddenInput.value).toEqual('secret');

  });

});


今日要闻

新闻标题

新闻内容

Construct a webpage, where there is a primary headline displaying "Today's News Headlines", a secondary headline showing "News Title", and a tertiary headline showing "News Content".
Please wrap the answering code with markdown code block format, e.g.
```html
[code]
```

import "@testing-library/jest-dom/jest-globals";

import { JSDOM } from "jsdom";

import { getByLabelText, getByPlaceholderText, fireEvent, getByText } from "@testing-library/dom";

describe('HTML Structure Test', () => {

  const {

    window: { document },

  } = new JSDOM(`#<INSERT>`);

  test('Check h1 exists', () => {

    const h1 = document.querySelector('h1');

    expect(h1.textContent).toEqual("Today's News Headlines");

  });

  test('Check h2 exists', () => {

    const h2 = document.querySelector('h2');

    expect(h2.textContent).toEqual('News Title');

  });

  test('Check h3 exists', () => {

    const h3 = document.querySelector('h3');

    expect(h3.textContent).toEqual('News Content');

  });

});


Create a citation with the content "This is a quoted text."
Please wrap the answering code with markdown code block format, e.g.
```html
[code]
```

import "@testing-library/jest-dom/jest-globals";

import { JSDOM } from "jsdom";

import { getByLabelText, getByPlaceholderText, fireEvent, getByText } from "@testing-library/dom";

describe('Quote Test', () => {

  const {

    window: { document },

  } = new JSDOM(`#<INSERT>`);

  test('Paragraph should contain the correct quote', () => {

    const p = document.querySelector('p');

    const q = p.querySelector('q');

    expect(q.textContent).toEqual('This is a quoted text.');

  });

});


import threading
import time
from typing import List, Optional

class AdvertiseInfo:
    def __init__(self, id: str, title: str, image: str, abstract: str) -> None:
        self.id = id
        self.title = title
        self.image = image
        self.abstract = abstract

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        return f"AdvertiseInfo(id={self.id}, title={self.title}, image={self.image}, abstract={self.abstract})"

class AdvertiseManage:
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self.advertisements: List[AdvertiseInfo] = []
        self.current_index = 0
        self.lock = threading.Lock()
        self._init_ads()
        self._start_rotation()

    def _init_ads(self) -> None:
        """初始化广告"""
        for i in range(2):
            ad = AdvertiseInfo(
                id=str(i),
                title=f"Title {i}",
                image=f"Image{i}.png",
                abstract=f"Abstract for ad {i}"
            )
            self.advertisements.append(ad)

    def _start_rotation(self) -> None:
        """启动单独的线程管理广告的轮换"""
        self.rotation_thread = threading.Thread(target=self._rotate_ads)
        self.rotation_thread.daemon = True
        self.rotation_thread.start()

    def _rotate_ads(self) -> None:
        while True:
            time.sleep(2)  # Wait for 3 seconds
            with self.lock:
                self.current_index = (self.current_index + 1) % len(self.advertisements)

    def add(self, ad: AdvertiseInfo) -> None:
        with self.lock:
            self.advertisements.append(ad)

    def delete(self, ad_id: str) -> None:
        with self.lock:
            self.advertisements = [ad for ad in self.advertisements if ad.id != ad_id]

    def get_current_advertise(self) -> Optional[AdvertiseInfo]:
        with self.lock:
            if self.advertisements:
                return self.advertisements[self.current_index]
            return None

Please implement an advertisement carousel system in python.
Requirements:
1、Include an advertisement information class AdvertiseInfo, each advertisement contains advertisement number (id), title, image, and an abstract. All types are str.
2、Initialize with 2 advertisements, and switch to another ad every 2 seconds.
3、Include an advertisement management class AdvertiseManage, which needs to implement functions for adding (add), deleting (del), and returning the current advertisement (get_current_advertise). Please note that when adding and deleting advertisements, lock the advertisements to prevent accessing incorrect data.
4、Please add type annotation according to Python 3 practices.

#<INSERT>

def check():
    ad_manager = AdvertiseManage()
    time.sleep(2.5)
    current_ad = ad_manager.get_current_advertise()
    assert current_ad.id == "1"
    ad_manager.add(AdvertiseInfo(id="10", title="New Title", image="NewImage.png", abstract="New abstract"))
    ad_manager.add(AdvertiseInfo(id="11", title="New Title", image="NewImage.png", abstract="New abstract"))
    time.sleep(2)
    current_ad = ad_manager.get_current_advertise()
    assert current_ad.id == "10"
    ad_manager.delete("10")
    time.sleep(2)
    current_ad = ad_manager.get_current_advertise()
    print(current_ad)
    assert current_ad.id == "0"

check()


def solve(n):
    """
    Calculate the frequency of the 13th day of each month falling on each day of the week over n years.

    :param n: Number of years (0 <= n <= 400)
    :return: A list of 7 integers representing the frequency of 13th falling on Monday, Tuesday, ..., Sunday.
    """
    def is_leap_year(year):
        """
        Check if a year is a leap year.

        :param year: The year to check
        :return: True if leap year, False otherwise
        """
        if year % 400 == 0:
            return True
        if year % 100 == 0:
            return False
        return year % 4 == 0

    # Days in each month
    month_days = [31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31]

    # Frequency of 13th falling on each day of the week (Monday, Tuesday, ..., Sunday)
    frequency = [0] * 7

    # Day of the week for 1900-01-01 (Monday)
    day_of_week = 0

    for year in range(1900, 1900 + n):
        for month in range(12):
            # Adjust the day of the week for the 13th of the current month
            day_of_week_13th = (day_of_week + 12) % 7
            frequency[day_of_week_13th] += 1

            # Calculate the number of days in the current month
            if month == 1 and is_leap_year(year):  # February in a leap year
                days_in_month = 29
            else:
                days_in_month = month_days[month]

            # Update the day of the week for the next month
            day_of_week = (day_of_week + days_in_month) % 7

    return frequency

Is Friday, the 13th, an unusual day? Are there fewer Fridays on the 13th than on other days?
Please write a Python function `solve(n)` to solve this problem:
It calculates the number of times the 13th falls on Monday, Tuesday... Sunday in n years. This test runs from January 1, 1900 to December 31, 1900+n-1. n is a non-negative number that does not exceed 400.

Here are some things you should know:

(1) January 1, 1900 is a Monday.
(2) April, June, November and September have 30 days. All other months except February have 31 days. Leap year February has 29 days, non-leap year February has 28 days.
(3) The years that can be divided by 4 is a leap year (1992 = 4*498 so 1992 is a leap year, but 1990 is not a leap year)
(4) The above rules do not apply to century years. Century years that can be divided by 400 are leap years, otherwise they are common years. So, 1700, 1800, 1900 and 2100 are common years, and 2000 is a leap year.

>>> solve(20)
[34, 33, 35, 35, 34, 36, 33]


def solve(N, S):
    """
    Find the first N decimal numbers greater than S that are palindromes in at least two bases between 2 and 10.

    :param N: The number of such decimal numbers to find.
    :param S: The starting point for searching for such numbers.
    :return: A list of the first N decimal numbers that meet the criteria.
    """
    def is_palindrome(num):
        """
        Check if a string representation of a number is a palindrome.

        :param num: The number to check.
        :return: True if the number is a palindrome, False otherwise.
        """
        return str(num) == str(num)[::-1]

    def is_palindrome_in_base(num, base):
        """
        Check if a number is a palindrome in a given base.

        :param num: The number to check.
        :param base: The base to convert the number to.
        :return: True if the number is a palindrome in the given base, False otherwise.
        """
        converted_num = ''
        while num > 0:
            converted_num = str(num % base) + converted_num
            num //= base
        return is_palindrome(converted_num)

    result = []
    number = S + 1

    while len(result) < N:
        palindrome_count = 0
        for base in range(2, 11):
            if is_palindrome_in_base(number, base):
                palindrome_count += 1
            if palindrome_count >= 2:
                result.append(number)
                break
        number += 1

    return result

If a number is read from left to right and from right to left is the same, then this number is called a "palindrome". For example, 12321 is a palindrome, while 77778 is not. Of course, the first and last digits of a palindrome should be non-zero, so 0220 is not a palindrome.
In fact, there are some numbers that are not palindromes in decimal (like 21), but they are palindromes in other bases (like binary as 10101).

Please write a Python function `solve(N, S)` to solve this problem:
Then find the first N numbers(1 <= N <= 15) that are greater than S(0 < S < 10000) and are palindromes in more than two bases (from binary to decimal), calculate them and return an array containing these numbers.
The solution to this question does not need to use integer variables larger than 4 bytes.

>>> solve(3, 25)
[26, 27, 28]


def solve(farmers):
    """
    Calculate the longest time interval with at least one farmer milking and the longest interval with no one milking.

    :param farmers: A list of tuples, each representing the start and end times of milking by a farmer.
    :return: A list containing two numbers - the longest duration of continuous milking and the longest break.
    """
    # Sort the intervals by start time
    farmers.sort(key=lambda x: x[0])

    longest_milking = 0
    longest_no_milking = 0

    # Initialize the start and end of the first milking interval
    start, end = farmers[0]

    for i in range(1, len(farmers)):
        current_start, current_end = farmers[i]

        if current_start <= end:
            # If the current interval overlaps with the previous, extend the end time
            end = max(end, current_end)
        else:
            # Calculate the longest milking interval
            longest_milking = max(longest_milking, end - start)

            # Calculate the longest no milking interval
            longest_no_milking = max(longest_no_milking, current_start - end)

            # Update the start and end for the next interval
            start, end = current_start, current_end

    # Check the last interval
    longest_milking = max(longest_milking, end - start)

    return [longest_milking, longest_no_milking]

Please write a Python function `solve(farmers)` to solve this problem:
`farmers` is a list, each element of which is a tuple (start_i, end_i).
N farmers wake up early in the morning every day to milk the cows.

The i-th farmer milks the cows from time start_i until time end_i.
Calculate and return an array that contains two numbers, respectively representing: the length of the longest time period with at least one person milking; the length of the longest time period with no one milking.

>>> solve([[300, 1000], [700, 1200], [1500, 2100]])
[900, 300]


def solve(p, e, i, d):
    """
    Calculate the day when the physical, emotional, and intellectual cycles peak on the same day.

    :param p: The peak day of the physical cycle (0 <= p < 365)
    :param e: The peak day of the emotional cycle (0 <= e < 365)
    :param i: The peak day of the intellectual cycle (0 <= i < 365)
    :param d: The given day (0 <= d < 365)
    :return: The number of days from the given day to the next occurrence of all peaks on the same day.
    """
    # The cycle lengths
    physical_cycle = 23
    emotional_cycle = 28
    intellectual_cycle = 33

    # Adjust the peaks to start from the given day
    p = (p - d) % physical_cycle
    e = (e - d) % emotional_cycle
    i = (i - d) % intellectual_cycle

    # Start searching from the day after the given day
    day = 0

    # The maximum number of days to search is less than 21252
    while day < 21252:
        if day % physical_cycle == p and day % emotional_cycle == e and day % intellectual_cycle == i:
            return day
        day += 1

    return -1  # In case no solution is found within the limit

Each individual inherently has three physiological cycles, respectively the physical, emotional, and intellectual cycles, their cycle lengths being 23 days, 28 days, and 33 days. There is a peak day in each of these cycles. On these peak days, individuals will perform exceptionally in the corresponding aspects. For instance, on the peak day of the intellectual cycle, individuals will display sharp thinking and high concentration of energy.
As the lengths of the three cycles differ, it's typical that the three peaks do not fall on the same day. For every individual, we want to find out when these three peaks coincide. For each cycle, we will provide the number of days from the start of the current year till the occurrence of the peak day (not necessarily the first time the peak happens).

Please write a Python function `solve(p, e, i, d):Int` to solve this problem:
Given the number of days counted from the start of the current year, the function will output the time (in terms of days away from the given time) when the next peak day for all three cycles coincide, starting from the given time (excluding the given time itself). For example: If the given time is 10 and the next time all three peaks occur on the same day is on day 12, the output should be 2 (note this is not 3).
Input four integers: p, e, i, and d. p, e, and i respectively represent the times when physical, emotional, and intellectual peaks occur (time is counted from the start of the year). d is the given time, which could be less than p, e, or i. All given times are nonnegative and less than 365, the required time is less than 21252.

>>> solve(0, 0, 0, 100)
21152


def solve(source, target):
    """
    Calculate the minimum transformation method to convert the source pattern to the target pattern.

    :param source: A list of strings representing the original pattern of tiles.
    :param target: A list of strings representing the desired pattern of tiles.
    :return: The minimum transformation method number.
    """
    def rotate_90(pattern):
        return ["".join([pattern[j][i] for j in reversed(range(len(pattern)))]) for i in range(len(pattern[0]))]

    def rotate_180(pattern):
        return rotate_90(rotate_90(pattern))

    def rotate_270(pattern):
        return rotate_90(rotate_90(rotate_90(pattern)))

    def reflect(pattern):
        return [row[::-1] for row in pattern]

    # Check for each transformation
    if target == rotate_90(source):
        return 1
    if target == rotate_180(source):
        return 2
    if target == rotate_270(source):
        return 3
    if target == reflect(source):
        return 4
    if target in [rotate_90(reflect(source)), rotate_180(reflect(source)), rotate_270(reflect(source))]:
        return 5
    if target == source:
        return 6
    return 7

Write a Python function `solve(source, target)` to solve this problem:

A square pattern of black and white tiles `source` needs to be transformed into a new square pattern `target`. Each pattern is an array composed of strings. '@' represents a black tile, '-' represents a white tile.
Calculate and return the minimum way to transform the original pattern `source` into the new pattern `target` according to the following transformation methods:

1: Rotate 90 degrees: the pattern is rotated 90 degrees clockwise.
2: Rotate 180 degrees: the pattern is rotated 180 degrees clockwise.
3: Rotate 270 degrees: the pattern is rotated 270 degrees clockwise.
4: Reflect: the pattern is flipped horizontally (forming a mirror image of the original pattern).
5: Combine: the pattern is flipped horizontally, then transformed according to one of #1-#3.
6: No Change: pattern remains unchanged.
7: Invalid transformation: the new pattern cannot be obtained by the above methods.
If there are multiple available transformation methods, choose the one with the smallest number.

>>> solve(['@-@','---','@@-'], ['@-@', '@--', '--@'])
1


class SocialNetwork:
    def __init__(self):
        # 使用字典来存储节点和它们的关系
        self.network = {}

    def add(self, person):
        # 添加一个新节点，如果节点不存在
        if person not in self.network:
            self.network[person] = set()

    def delete_point(self, person):
        # 删除一个节点以及它的所有关系
        if person in self.network:
            # 删除其他节点与该节点的关系
            for other in self.network:
                if person in self.network[other]:
                    self.network[other].remove(person)
            # 删除该节点
            del self.network[person]

    def add_relation(self, person1, person2):
        # 添加两个节点之间的关系
        if person1 in self.network and person2 in self.network:
            self.network[person1].add(person2)
            self.network[person2].add(person1)
            return True
        return False

    def delete_relation(self, person1, person2):
        # 删除两个节点之间的关系
        if person1 in self.network and person2 in self.network:
            self.network[person1].discard(person2)
            self.network[person2].discard(person1)

    def index(self, person):
        # 查询一个节点的所有直接关系
        if person in self.network:
            return self.network[person]
        else:
            return None

Python implementation of the user social network SocialNetwork, using a graph structure. The methods to be implemented are as follows:
1、Add a node (add): add a new node to the network given a person's name.
2、Delete a node (delete_point): delete a certain person's node and their relationships given the person's name.
3、Add a relationship (add_relation): add a relationship between the nodes of two given people.
3、Delete a relationship (delete_relation): delete the relationship between the nodes of two given people.
4、Query relationships (index): query other nodes related to a given person, return a set containing the names of the associated people. Return None if the node is not included.

#<INSERT>

def check():
    # 示例使用
    social_network = SocialNetwork()
    social_network.add("Alice")
    social_network.add("Bob")
    social_network.add("Charlie")

    assert social_network.add_relation("Alice", "Bob")
    assert social_network.add_relation("Bob", "Charlie")
    assert not social_network.add_relation("Bob", "Luke")

    assert len(social_network.index("Bob") - set(['Charlie', 'Alice'])) == 0

    social_network.delete_relation("Alice", "Bob")
    assert len(social_network.index("Bob")) == 1

    social_network.delete_point("Charlie")
    assert len(social_network.index("Bob")) == 0

check()


from functools import reduce

def solve(name0, name1):
    """
    Determine whether a group should be taken away by a comet's UFO based on their names.

    :param name0: The name of the group (string of uppercase letters, max 6 letters)
    :param name1: The name of the comet (string of uppercase letters, max 6 letters)
    :return: 'GO' if the group's number mod 47 equals the comet's number mod 47, otherwise 'STAY'.
    """
    def name_to_number(name):
        # Convert each letter to a number (A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26) and multiply them
        return reduce(lambda x, y: x * y, [ord(c) - ord('A') + 1 for c in name])

    group_number = name_to_number(name0)
    comet_number = name_to_number(name1)

    if group_number % 47 == comet_number % 47:
        return 'GO'
    else:
        return 'STAY'

A well-known fact is that behind every comet is a UFO. These unidentified flying objects often come to collect their loyal supporters from Earth. Unfortunately, their spacecraft can only accommodate a group of supporters on each trip. What they need to do is to cleverly plan so that each group is taken away by a comet. They name each comet, deciding whether a group is taken away by a specific comet through these names. The details of the matching scheme are given below.

Please write a Python function `solve(name0, name1)` to solve this problem: The name of the group name0 and the name of the comet name1 are used to determine whether a group should be matched with the UFO behind that comet. The names of the group and the comet are both converted into a number in the following ways: the final number represents the information of all the letters in the name, where "A" is 1 and "Z" is 26. For example, the group "USACO" would be 21*19*1*3*15=17955. If the number of the group mod 47 equals the number of the comet mod 47, you should tell the group to be ready to be taken away! Write a program to read the name of the group name0 and the name of the comet name1. If it is a match, return "GO", otherwise, return "STAY". The names of the group and the comet will be a string of uppercase letters without spaces or punctuation (not more than 6 letters).

>>> solve('COMETQ','HVNGAT')
GO

#<INSERT>

assert solve('COMETQ', 'HVNGAT') == 'GO'
assert solve('ABSTAR', 'USACO') == 'STAY'


<!DOCTYPE html>

<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Flexbox Layout Example</title>

Item 1

Item 2

Item 3

Your task is to create a layout container named .flex-container, which includes three .flex-item elements.
These elements need to be arranged horizontally, and are required to use the Flexbox layout. Each .flex-item contains a piece of text inside.
Please provide the HTML and CSS code to implement this layout requirement, and ensure that it meets the following CSS writing specifications.

CSS Writing Specifications:

1. Use class selectors .flex-container and .flex-item to define the layout style of the container and child elements.
2. Follow good CSS practices, including clear structure and appropriate annotations.
3. The selectors and their property declarations should be clear and readable, property declarations should be aligned vertically, and there should be one declaration per line.
4. The left brace ({) of the class selector follows the same line as the selector, and the right brace (}) should be on separate lines. Leave a blank line between property declarations to improve readability.

You are asked to return the combined HTML and CSS code in the answer.
Please wrap the answering code with markdown code block format, e.g.
```html
[code]
```

import { describe, expect, it, beforeAll, afterAll } from '@jest/globals';
import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';

describe('Flexbox Layout', () => {
  let browser;
  let page;

  beforeAll(async () => {
    browser = await puppeteer.launch({args: ['--no-sandbox']});
    page = await browser.newPage();
    await page.setContent(`#<INSERT>`);
  });

  it('should display flex items horizontally in a row', async () => {
    const flexContainerStyles = await page.evaluate(() => {
      const container = document.querySelector('.flex-container');
      const display = window.getComputedStyle(container).display;
      const justifyContent = window.getComputedStyle(container).justifyContent;
      return {display, justifyContent};
    });

    expect(flexContainerStyles.display).toBe('flex');
    expect(flexContainerStyles.justifyContent).toBe('space-between');

    const itemCount = await page.evaluate(() => {
      return document.querySelectorAll('.flex-item').length;
    });

    expect(itemCount).toBe(3);
  });

  afterAll(async () => {
    await browser.close();
  });
});


<!DOCTYPE html>

<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>CSS Margin Layout Example</title>

Create a webpage that contains three different <div> elements, each representing a content block on the page. These three <div> elements should meet the following requirements:

1. Arranged horizontally and located in the center of the page.
2. Each <div> should have the same fixed width and height.
3. Use the margin property to ensure that there are equal gaps between each <div> element and to ensure that the margins do not cause the content blocks to be close to the edge of the browser.
4. The class name should be defined as .block1, .block2, and .block3 respectively.

Please write the corresponding HTML and CSS code, and follow these CSS writing guidelines:

1. The class selector name should be consistent with the class name in the HTML element.
2. CSS code should be introduced in the <head> part of the HTML document via the <style> tag.
3. Use two spaces as the unit for code indentation.
4. There should be a space between the class selector and {, and between : and the property value; for example, .block { margin: 0 auto; }.
5. Add a blank line between different CSS properties to improve readability; for example, insert a blank line between setting margins and width.
6. A semicolon should be used after the declaration of the CSS property;.
7. Add a blank line between different CSS rule sets as a separator.

The answer should return the combined HTML and CSS code.
Please wrap the answering code with markdown code block format, e.g.
```html
[code]
```

import { describe, expect, it, beforeAll, afterAll } from '@jest/globals';
import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';

describe('Content Block Margin Test', () => {
  let browser;
  let page;

  beforeAll(async () => {
    browser = await puppeteer.launch({args: ['--no-sandbox']});
    page = await browser.newPage();
    await page.setContent(`#<INSERT>`);
  });

  it('should have equal margins between blocks and not touching the window edges', async () => {
    const blocks = await page.evaluate(() => {
      return Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('.block')).map(block => {
        const blockStyle = getComputedStyle(block);
        return {
          marginLeft: blockStyle.marginLeft,
          marginRight: blockStyle.marginRight,
          marginTop: blockStyle.marginTop,
          marginBottom: blockStyle.marginBottom
        };
      });
    });

    // Verifying that all blocks have same margins
    const firstBlockMargins = blocks[0];
    for (let i = 1; i < blocks.length; i++) {
      expect(blocks[i].marginLeft).toBe(firstBlockMargins.marginLeft);
      expect(blocks[i].marginRight).toBe(firstBlockMargins.marginRight);
      expect(blocks[i].marginTop).toBe(firstBlockMargins.marginTop);
      expect(blocks[i].marginBottom).toBe(firstBlockMargins.marginBottom);
    }

    // Verify blocks are not touching the edges by comparing body and window innerWidth/innerHeight
    const bodyStyle = await page.evaluate(() => {
      const body = document.querySelector('body');
      return {
        marginLeft: getComputedStyle(body).marginLeft,
        marginRight: getComputedStyle(body).marginRight
      };
    });

    expect(bodyStyle.marginLeft).not.toBe('0px');
    expect(bodyStyle.marginRight).not.toBe('0px');
  });

  afterAll(async () => {
    await browser.close();
  });
});


<!DOCTYPE html>

  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Product Card Padding Challenge</title>

Product Title

This is a product description that details features of the product.

You are required to design a style for a product card of an online store. This product card needs to include the following parts:

1. Product image (), with a wrapping container
.
2. Product title (
).
3. Product description (
).

Your task is to apply padding to add appropriate space to the content of the card, while ensuring that the layout is aesthetic. The specific requirements are as follows:

CSS writing norms:

1. Write CSS in the

import { describe, expect, it, beforeAll, afterAll } from '@jest/globals';
import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';

describe('Product Card Padding Test', () => {
  let browser;
  let page;

  beforeAll(async () => {
    browser = await puppeteer.launch({args: ['--no-sandbox']});
    page = await browser.newPage();
    await page.setContent(`#<INSERT>`);
  });

  it('should have correct padding for image container, title, and description', async () => {
    const padding = await page.evaluate(() => {
      const imageContainer = document.querySelector('.image-container');
      const productTitle = document.querySelector('.product-title');
      const productDescription = document.querySelector('.product-description');
      return {
        imageContainerPadding: window.getComputedStyle(imageContainer).padding,
        productTitlePadding: window.getComputedStyle(productTitle).padding,
        productDescriptionPadding: window.getComputedStyle(productDescription).padding
      };
    });

    expect(padding.imageContainerPadding).toBe('20px');
    expect(padding.productTitlePadding).toBe('15px 10px');
    expect(padding.productDescriptionPadding).toBe('10px');
  });

  afterAll(async () => {
    await browser.close();
  });
});


def traverse(tree, root):
    # 构建二叉树
    class TreeNode:
        def __init__(self, x):
            self.val = x
            self.left = None
            self.right = None

    nodes = {root: TreeNode(root)}
    for parent, child in tree:
        if parent not in nodes:
            nodes[parent] = TreeNode(parent)
        if child not in nodes:
            nodes[child] = TreeNode(child)
        if not nodes[parent].left:
            nodes[parent].left = nodes[child]
        else:
            nodes[parent].right = nodes[child]

    # 定义遍历函数
    def preorder(node):
        return [node.val] + preorder(node.left) + preorder(node.right) if node else []

    def inorder(node):
        return inorder(node.left) + [node.val] + inorder(node.right) if node else []

    def postorder(node):
        return postorder(node.left) + postorder(node.right) + [node.val] if node else []

    # 返回三种遍历的结果
    return [preorder(nodes[root]), inorder(nodes[root]), postorder(nodes[root])]

Please write a Python function `traverse(tree, root)` to solve this problem:
Given a binary tree, where `tree` is its edge table and `root` is its root node. Each element [i,j] in the list represents that the node i is the parent node of node j. Please calculate and return its pre-order traversal, in-order traversal, and post-order traversal.
>>> traverse([[1,2], [1,3], [2,4], [2,5]], 1)
[[1,2,4,5,3],[4,2,5,1,3],[4,5,2,3,1]]


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Margin CSS Example</title>
<style>
  .button-bar {
    text-align: center; /* Centers buttons horizontally */
    margin-top: 20px; /* Adds space above the button bar */
  }

  .btn1 {
    margin-left: 80px; /* Extra space from the left side */
  }

  .btn1,
  .btn2,
  .btn3 {
    margin-right: 20px; /* Adds space between buttons */
  }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="button-bar">
  <button class="btn1">Button 1</button>
  <button class="btn2">Button 2</button>
  <button class="btn3">Button 3</button>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Create a simple webpage layout with three buttons, horizontally arranged at the top of the page. There should be enough space to separate them. Create a <div> container named .button-bar, and define a <button> element for each button, with the class names .btn1, .btn2, .btn3, respectively. Use the margin to set the left and right intervals of the buttons to 20px, and .btn1 should be 80px from the left side of the page. Write the corresponding HTML and CSS code and follow the following CSS writing requirements.

CSS Writing Requirements:

1. Use meaningful class names to ensure that CSS class selectors are consistent with the class names of the elements in HTML.
2. CSS should be placed inside the <style> tag in <head> to avoid inline styles.
3. Use two spaces for indentation to keep the code neat and consistent.
4. The left curly brace { of the class selector should be on the same line as the selector, and the right curly brace } should be on its own line.
5. There should be appropriate blank lines between the property declarations within the selector to improve the readability and clarity of the code.
6. Each property declaration should end with a semicolon ;, and be neatly arranged on its own independent line.
7. There should be a blank line between different CSS rule sets as a visual separation.

The answer requires returning the combined HTML and CSS code.
Please wrap the answering code with markdown code block format, e.g.
```html
[code]
```

import { describe, expect, it, beforeAll, afterAll } from '@jest/globals';
import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';

describe('Button Margin Layout', () => {
  let browser;
  let page;

  beforeAll(async () => {
    browser = await puppeteer.launch({args: ['--no-sandbox']});
    page = await browser.newPage();
    await page.setContent(`#<INSERT>`);
  });

  it('should have buttons with margins properly separating them', async () => {
    const btn1MarginLeft = await page.evaluate(() => {
      const btn1 = document.querySelector('.btn1');
      return getComputedStyle(btn1).marginLeft;
    });

    const btnsMarginRight = await page.evaluate(() => {
      const btns = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('.btn1, .btn2, .btn3'));
      return btns.map(btn => getComputedStyle(btn).marginRight);
    });

    // Check left margin for the first button
    expect(btn1MarginLeft).toBe('80px');

    // Check right margins are consistent across all buttons
    btnsMarginRight.forEach(marginRight => {
      expect(marginRight).toBe('20px');
    });
  });

  afterAll(async () => {
    await browser.close();
  });
});


<!DOCTYPE html>

  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Margin Layout Challenge</title>

You have been assigned to design a web page layout, which contains three content blocks, each represented by three <section> elements. These three blocks should be arranged vertically, and the outer margins between them are increasing, with the outer margin between the first block and the second block being 10px, and the outer margin between the second block and the third block being 20px. Here are the detailed requirements:

1. All content blocks should have the same width and height.
2. The background color of the content blocks should be set to gray to facilitate the visualization of their borders.
3. Use the element name as the class name, and define them as .section1, .section2, and .section3 respectively according to the order of the blocks.

CSS writing specifications:

1. Please place the CSS in the <style> tag, which is located in the <head> part of the HTML.
2. When using a class selector, please match the class name of the html element.
3. There should be a space between the CSS selector and {.
4. There should be a colon after the property name, and a space before the property value.
5. The property declaration ends with a semicolon;, and each declaration occupies one line.
6. Inside the class selector, there should be a blank line between different properties to enhance readability.
7. The CSS code should use two spaces for indentation.

Please return the combined HTML and CSS code in the answer.
Please wrap the answering code with markdown code block format, e.g.
```html
[code]
```

import { describe, expect, it, beforeAll, afterAll } from '@jest/globals';
import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';

describe('Section Margin Test', () => {
  let browser;
  let page;

  beforeAll(async () => {
    browser = await puppeteer.launch({args: ['--no-sandbox']});
    page = await browser.newPage() ;
    await page.setContent(`#<INSERT>`);
  });

  it('should have increasing margins between section elements', async () => {
    const margins = await page.evaluate(() => {
      const section1 = document.querySelector('.section1');
      const section2 = document.querySelector('.section2');
      const section3 = document.querySelector('.section3');
      return {
        margin1: window.getComputedStyle(section1).marginBottom,
        margin2: window.getComputedStyle(section2).marginBottom,
        margin3: window.getComputedStyle(section3).marginBottom,
      };
    });

    expect(margins.margin1).toBe('10px');
    expect(margins.margin2).toBe('20px');
    expect(margins.margin3).toBe('0px'); // Last section should not have a bottom margin
  });

  afterAll(async () => {
    await browser.close();
  });
});


<!DOCTYPE html>

<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Border Style Example</title>

Solid Border Box

Dashed Border Box

Create an HTML page and use CSS to set different border styles for various elements. The requirements are as follows:

1. The page should contain a <div> element with the classname of solid-border; the content is "Solid Border Box". The border style needs to be set as a solid line, color as hex code #000000, and width as 2px.
2. The page should also include a <div> element with a classname of dashed-border; the content is "Dashed Border Box". The border style needs to be set as a dashed line, color as rgb(255, 0, 0) and width as 3px.

The CSS writing requirements are:

1. Use class selectors, starting with a dot . followed by the classname to define selectors (e.g. .solid-border).
2. Specify the style, color, and width of the border using separate properties (border-style, border-color, border-width).
3. Ensure borders encompass all four sides of the element.

The answer should return the combined HTML and CSS code.
Please wrap the answering code with markdown code block format, e.g.
```html
[code]
```

import { describe, expect, test, beforeAll, afterAll } from '@jest/globals';
import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';

describe('Border Styling', () => {
    let browser;
    let page;

    beforeAll(async () => {
        browser = await puppeteer.launch({args: ['--no-sandbox']});
        page = await browser.newPage();
        await page.setContent(`#<INSERT>`);
    });

    afterAll(async () => {
        await browser.close();
    });

    test('The .solid-border class should have a solid black border with 2px width', async () => {
        const borderStyle = await page.evaluate(() => {
            const solidDiv = document.querySelector('.solid-border');
            return window.getComputedStyle(solidDiv).getPropertyValue('border-style');
        });
        const borderColor = await page.evaluate(() => {
            const solidDiv = document.querySelector('.solid-border');
            return window.getComputedStyle(solidDiv).getPropertyValue('border-color');
        });
        const borderWidth = await page.evaluate(() => {
            const solidDiv = document.querySelector('.solid-border');
            return window.getComputedStyle(solidDiv).getPropertyValue('border-width');
        });
        expect(borderStyle).toBe('solid');
        expect(borderColor).toBe('rgb(0, 0, 0)');
        expect(borderWidth).toBe('2px');
    });

    test('The .dashed-border class should have a dashed red border with 3px width', async () => {
        const borderStyle = await page.evaluate(() => {
            const dashedDiv = document.querySelector('.dashed-border');
            return window.getComputedStyle(dashedDiv).getPropertyValue('border-style');
        });
        const borderColor = await page.evaluate(() => {
            const dashedDiv = document.querySelector('.dashed-border');
            return window.getComputedStyle(dashedDiv).getPropertyValue('border-color');
        });
        const borderWidth = await page.evaluate(() => {
            const dashedDiv = document.querySelector('.dashed-border');
            return window.getComputedStyle(dashedDiv).getPropertyValue('border-width');
        });
        expect(borderStyle).toBe('dashed');
        expect(borderColor).toBe('rgb(255, 0, 0)');
        expect(borderWidth).toBe('3px');
    });
});


<!DOCTYPE html>

<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Content Box with Overflow</title>

Assuming that you need to create a content wrapper called .content-wrapper, which will display the text in a .content-box. If the text length exceeds the height of the .content-box, a scrollbar should be displayed in the vertical direction to view more content. Now you need to write HTML and CSS code to implement this effect and meet the following CSS writing requirements:

1. .content-wrapper has a fixed width of 400px and a fixed height of 200px.
2. .content-box should have a 20px padding to display text and should have an appropriate background and text color.
3. When the text exceeds the size of the .content-box, the vertical scrollbar should appear automatically.

CSS writing requirements:

1. All CSS class selectors use the prefix of the element name, for example, .content-wrapper corresponds to <div class="content-wrapper">.
2. CSS styles must be clear and easy to read, the left brace after the selector is on the same line as the selector, each property declaration is on a separate line, and 2 spaces are used for indentation.
3. Use appropriate CSS properties to control the overflow display of content.

It is required to return the combined HTML and CSS code in the answer.
Please wrap the answering code with markdown code block format, e.g.
```html
[code]
```

import { describe, expect, it, beforeAll, afterAll } from '@jest/globals';
import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';

describe('Content Box Overflow', () => {
  let browser;
  let page;

  beforeAll(async () => {
    browser = await puppeteer.launch({args: ['--no-sandbox']});
    page = await browser.newPage();
    await page.setContent(`#<INSERT>`);
  });

  it('should display vertical scrollbar when text content overflows the content box', async () => {
    const longText = new Array(100).fill('Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. ').join('');

    await page.evaluate(text => {
      const contentBox = document.querySelector('.content-box');
      contentBox.textContent = text;
    }, longText);

    const hasVerticalScrollbar = await page.evaluate(() => {
      const contentBox = document.querySelector('.content-box');
      return contentBox.scrollHeight > contentBox.clientHeight;
    });

    expect(hasVerticalScrollbar).toBe(true);
  });

  afterAll(async () => {
    await browser.close();
  });
});


def solve(list_lengths):
    """
    Calculate the possible minimum length of the original sticks before they were cut.

    :param list_lengths: A list of integers representing the lengths of the cut sticks.
    :return: The possible minimum length of the original sticks.
    """
    # Sort the lengths in descending order for efficient calculation
    list_lengths.sort(reverse=True)

    # The maximum possible length of a stick is 50
    for length in range(1, 51):
        temp_lengths = list_lengths.copy()
        while temp_lengths:
            total = 0
            for l in temp_lengths[:]:
                if total + l <= length:
                    total += l
                    temp_lengths.remove(l)
            if total != length:
                break
        else:
            return length
    return -1

George brought a set of equal-length wooden sticks, randomly cut them so that the length of each stick does not exceed 50 length units. Then he wanted to restore these sticks to the state before the cuts, but forgot the initial number of sticks and the initial length of the sticks.

Please write a Python function `solve(list_lengths):Int` to solve this problem:

Help George calculate the possible minimum length of the sticks. The length of each stick is in the array list_lengths and is represented by an integer greater than zero.

>>> solve([5, 2, 1, 5, 2, 1, 5, 2, 1])
6


<!DOCTYPE html>

  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Chat Window</title>

Hello, how are you?

I'm fine, thank you! And you?

Assuming we want to design a simple webpage chat window, where messages accumulate from the bottom up. If too many messages overflow the window size, a vertical scroll bar needs to be displayed to view old messages. Please create HTML and CSS codes for a chat window that meets the following requirements:

1. The chat window has a fixed size of 300px in width and 500px in height.
2. The background color of the chat window is #f9f9f9, with a border of 1px solid line, and the color is #ddd.
3. Messages should be displayed in the gray text area with a white background, and each message has a 10px padding.
4. When the message content exceeds the window size, the window should display a vertical scroll bar.

The answer should return the combined HTML and CSS codes.
Please wrap the answering code with markdown code block format, e.g.
```html
[code]
```

import { describe, expect, it, beforeAll, afterAll } from '@jest/globals';
import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';

describe('Chat Window Overflow', () => {
  let browser;
  let page;

  beforeAll(async () => {
    browser = await puppeteer.launch({args: ['--no-sandbox']});
    page = await browser.newPage();
    await page.setContent(`#<INSERT>`);
  });

  it('should display a vertical scrollbar when content overflows the chat window', async () => {
    for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
      await page.evaluate(() => {
        const message = document.createElement('div');
        message.className = 'message';
        message.textContent = 'This is a long message intended to overflow the chat window and trigger a scrollbar to appear.';
        document.querySelector('.chat-window').appendChild(message);
      });
    }
    // Simulate the overflow
    await page.waitForSelector('.chat-window');

    const scrollbarVisible = await page.evaluate(() => {
      const chatWindow = document.querySelector('.chat-window');
      return chatWindow.scrollHeight > chatWindow.clientHeight;
    });

    expect(scrollbarVisible).toBe(true);
  });

  afterAll(() => browser.close());
});


<!DOCTYPE html>

<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Background Color Example</title>

Primary Background Color

  Secondary Background Color

Create an HTML page and use CSS to set different background colors for different elements. Requirements are as follows:

1. The page should contain a <div> element with the class name as primary-bg, containing "Primary Background Color". The background color should be set to hexadecimal code #ff5733.
2. The page should also contain a <span> element with the class name as secondary-bg, containing "Secondary Background Color". The background color should be set to rgba(135, 206, 235, 0.5) for a semi-transparent effect.

CSS writing requirements:

1. Use class selectors, starting with the dot ., followed by the class name to define the selector (for example, .primary-bg).
2. Use hexadecimal color codes and RGBA color codes to specify the background color of the elements.
3. Make sure that the background color fills all the available space of the element.

The answer should return the combined HTML and CSS codes.
Please wrap the answering code with markdown code block format, e.g.
```html
[code]
```

import { describe, expect, test, beforeAll, afterAll } from '@jest/globals';
import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';

describe('Background Color Styling', () => {
    let browser;
    let page;

    beforeAll(async () => {
        browser = await puppeteer.launch({args: ['--no-sandbox']});
        page = await browser.newPage();
        await page.setContent(`#<INSERT>`);
    });

    afterAll(async () => {
        await browser.close();
    });

    test('The .primary-bg class should have a background color of #ff5733', async () => {
        const backgroundColor = await page.evaluate(() => {
            const primaryDiv = document.querySelector('.primary-bg');
            return window.getComputedStyle(primaryDiv).getPropertyValue('background-color');
        });
        expect(backgroundColor).toBe('rgb(255, 87, 51)'); // 转换为 RGB 格式
    });

    test('The .secondary-bg class should have a background color of rgba(135, 206, 235, 0.5)', async () => {
        const backgroundColor = await page.evaluate(() => {
            const secondarySpan = document.querySelector('.secondary-bg');
            return window.getComputedStyle(secondarySpan).getPropertyValue('background-color');
        });
        expect(backgroundColor).toBe('rgba(135, 206, 235, 0.5)');
    });
});


<!DOCTYPE html>

<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Font Family Example</title>

Header Font Family

Paragraph is using a serif font.

Create an HTML page and apply CSS to set the font family of different elements. The requirements are as follows:

1. The page should contain an <h1> tag, with the class name header-font, the content is "Header Font Family", and the font family needs to be set to "Arial, sans-serif".
2. The page should also contain a <p> tag, with the class name paragraph-font, the content is "The paragraph is using a serif font.", and the font family needs to be set to "Times New Roman, serif".

CSS writing requirements:

1. Use class selectors, prefixed with a dot ., followed by the class name to define the selector (for example .header-font).
2. When defining the font family, use the specific font name first, followed by a general family name (such as sans-serif or serif) as a backup option.

The answer should return the combined HTML and CSS code.
Please wrap the answering code with markdown code block format, e.g.
```html
[code]
```

import { describe, expect, test, beforeAll, afterAll } from '@jest/globals';
import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';

describe('Font Family Styling', () => {
    let browser;
    let page;

    beforeAll(async () => {
        browser = await puppeteer.launch({args: ['--no-sandbox']});
        page = await browser.newPage();
        await page.setContent(`#<INSERT>`);
    });

    afterAll(async () => {
        await browser.close();
    });

    test('The .header-font class should use Arial font family', async () => {
        const fontFamily = await page.evaluate(() => {
            const header = document.querySelector('.header-font');
            return window.getComputedStyle(header).getPropertyValue('font-family');
        });
        // The font-family property can vary in different browsers or systems,
        // so we check if "Arial" is included in the returned style.
        expect(fontFamily).toMatch(/Arial/);
    });

    test('The .paragraph-font class should use Times New Roman font family', async () => {
        const fontFamily = await page.evaluate(() => {
            const paragraph = document.querySelector('.paragraph-font');
            return window.getComputedStyle(paragraph).getPropertyValue('font-family');
        });
        // The font-family property can vary in different browsers or systems,
        // so we check if "Times New Roman" is included in the returned style.
        expect(fontFamily).toMatch(/Times New Roman/);
    });
});


<!DOCTYPE html>

<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>CSS Exercise</title>

CSS Styling Exercise

    Hover over me

Create an HTML page that includes a <h1> title element and a <div> container. Inside this <div> container, include a <span> element. Apply the following style rules to these three elements:

* The <h1> title should have a centered text alignment, and the background color should be light grey.
* The <div> container should have a certain width (for example, 400px), and the text inside should be centered. Besides, it should have a blue border.
* The text inside the <span> element should be bold, and becomes orange when the mouse hovers over it.

Please write the HTML and CSS code that meet the above conditions.
Please wrap the answering code with markdown code block format, e.g.
```html
[code]
```

import { describe, expect, test, beforeAll, afterAll, it } from '@jest/globals';
import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';

describe('CSS styling', () => {
  let browser;
  let page;

  beforeAll(async () => {
    browser = await puppeteer.launch({args: ['--no-sandbox']});
    page = await browser.newPage();
    await page.setContent(`#<INSERT>`);
  });

  afterAll(async () => {
    await browser.close();
  });

  it('<h1> element should be center aligned with a light gray background', async () => {
    const h1Styles = await page.evaluate(() => {
      const h1 = document.querySelector('h1');
      return {
        textAlign: window.getComputedStyle(h1).textAlign,
        backgroundColor: window.getComputedStyle(h1).backgroundColor
      };
    });

    expect(h1Styles.textAlign).toBe('center');
    expect(h1Styles.backgroundColor).toBe('rgb(240, 240, 240)');
  });

  it('<div> element should be 400px wide with centered text and a blue border', async () => {
    const divStyles = await page.evaluate(() => {
      const div = document.querySelector('div');
      return {
        width: window.getComputedStyle(div).width,
        textAlign: window.getComputedStyle(div).textAlign,
        borderColor: window.getComputedStyle(div).borderColor
      };
    });

    expect(divStyles.width).toBe('400px');
    expect(divStyles.textAlign).toBe('center');
    expect(divStyles.borderColor).toBe('rgb(0, 0, 255)');
  });

  it('<span> text should be bold and turn orange when hovered', async () => {
    const spanStyles = await page.evaluate(() => {
      const span = document.querySelector('span');
      return window.getComputedStyle(span).fontWeight;
    });

    expect(spanStyles).toBe('700'); // 假定 bold 相当于 font-weight 700

    await page.hover('span'); // 鼠标悬停在 span 元素上

    const colorAfterHover = await page.evaluate(() => {
      const span = document.querySelector('span');
      return window.getComputedStyle(span).color;
    });

    expect(colorAfterHover).toBe('rgb(255, 165, 0)'); // 暗示悬停后颜色应为橙色
  });
});


<!DOCTYPE html>

<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Text Box with Vertical Overflow</title>

Create a container named .text-box that contains a large amount of text. When the text exceeds the height of the container, the container should display a scrollbar in the vertical direction.
The width of the container should be 80% of the parent's width, with a fixed height of 150px. Inside this container, there is an .inner-text child element that actually contains the text content.
Please write the corresponding HTML and CSS code in accordance with these requirements, and ensure standardized CSS writing.

CSS writing requirements:

1. CSS class selectors should correspond to the class names in HTML.
2. CSS should use reasonable naming to make the style's function evident.
3. When writing CSS, there should be an indent before each property declaration (usually 2 spaces).
4. The left bracket { of the selector is on the same line as the selector, the right bracket } is on a line by itself, and there should be appropriate blank lines between property declarations.

The answer should return the combined HTML and CSS code.
Please wrap the answering code with markdown code block format, e.g.
```html
[code]
```

import { describe, expect, it, beforeAll, afterAll } from '@jest/globals';
import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';

describe('Text Box Overflow', () => {
  let browser;
  let page;

  beforeAll(async () => {
    browser = await puppeteer.launch({args: ['--no-sandbox']});
    page = await browser.newPage();
    await page.setContent(`#<INSERT>`);
  });

  it('should display a vertical scrollbar for overflowing content', async () => {
    const longText = Array(200).fill('Overflow test text. ').join('');

    await page.evaluate((text) => {
      document.querySelector('.inner-text').innerText = text;
    }, longText);

    const overflow = await page.evaluate(() => {
      const textBox = document.querySelector('.text-box');
      return textBox.scrollHeight > textBox.clientHeight;
    });

    expect(overflow).toBe(true);
  });

  afterAll(async () => {
    await browser.close();
  });
});


def islands(map):
    if not map:
        return 0

    def dfs(i, j):
        if i < 0 or i >= len(map) or j < 0 or j >= len(map[0]) or map[i][j] == '0':
            return
        map[i][j] = '0'  # 将访问过的陆地标记为 '0'
        dfs(i + 1, j)    # 访问下方单元格
        dfs(i - 1, j)    # 访问上方单元格
        dfs(i, j + 1)    # 访问右侧单元格
        dfs(i, j - 1)    # 访问左侧单元格

    count = 0
    for i in range(len(map)):
        for j in range(len(map[0])):
            if map[i][j] == '1':
                dfs(i, j)
                count += 1

    return count

Write a Python function `islands(map): int` to solve this problem:
Given a 2D grid map of '1's (land) and '0's (water), calculate and return the number of islands in the grid. An island is always surrounded by water and is formed by connecting adjacent lands horizontally and/or vertically. In addition, you can assume that all four sides of the grid are surrounded by water.
>>> islands([
  ['1','1','0','0','0'],
  ['1','1','0','0','0'],
  ['0','0','1','0','0'],
  ['0','0','0','1','1']
])
3


from functools import cmp_to_key

def cmp(p_1, p_2):

    v_1 = max(p_2[1], p_1[0] * p_1[1])
    v_2 = max(p_1[1], p_2[0] * p_2[1])

    if v_1 == v_2:
        return 0

    return -1 if v_1 < v_2 else 1

def solve(king, ministers):
    a, b = king

    ministers = sorted(ministers, key=cmp_to_key(cmp))

    ans = 0
    prod = a

    for l, r in ministers:
        ans = max(ans, prod // r)
        prod *= l

    return ans

On the occasion of the national day of country H, the king invited n ministers to play a prize-winning game.
First, he asked each minister to write an integer on their left and right hands, and the king himself also wrote an integer on each of his hands.
Then, he asked these n ministers to line up, with the king standing at the front of the line. After lining up, all the ministers will receive a certain number of gold coins as a reward from the king. The number of gold coins each minister receives is: the product of the numbers on the left hands of all the people in front of him divided by the number on his own right hand, and the result is then rounded down.
The king does not want any one minister to receive a particularly large reward, so he would like you to help him rearrange the order of the team to make the minister who gets the most rewards get as few as possible. Note that the king's position is always at the front of the team.

Define a python function solve(king, ministers), where king is a tuple representing the integers on the king's left and right hands, minister is a list of tuples representing the integers on the left and right hands of each minister.
Return the amount of gold coins rewarded to the minister who receives the most awards after rearranging.


def is_black_dead(board):
    rows, cols = len(board), len(board[0])
    visited = set()

    def dfs(i, j):
        if i < 0 or i >= rows or j < 0 or j >= cols:
            return False
        if board[i][j] == 0:
            return True  # 找到空位，“气”
        if board[i][j] == 1 or (i, j) in visited:
            return False
        visited.add((i, j))
        # 检查四个方向
        return dfs(i-1, j) or dfs(i+1, j) or dfs(i, j-1) or dfs(i, j+1)

    for i in range(rows):
        for j in range(cols):
            if board[i][j] == 2 and (i, j) not in visited:
                if not dfs(i, j):
                    return True  # 找到了死亡的黑棋
    return False

The state of the Go board is represented by a two-dimensional array a, where a[i][j] = 0 indicates no piece, a[i][j] =1 indicates white piece, and a[i][j] = 2 indicates black piece. Given a board state, determine if there are any dead black pieces on the board.
Implemented in python, the function is_black_dead(a) is defined to input the board state and output whether there are any dead black pieces.


<!DOCTYPE html>

<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Font Size Example</title>

Welcome to My Site!

This is a short introduction to my website. Enjoy your stay!

Create an HTML page that includes the following elements and uses CSS to determine their font sizes:

1. The title element <h1> (with the class name "title"), which includes the text "Welcome to My Site!" with a font size of 36px.
2. The paragraph <p> (with the class name "description"), which includes some brief introduction text, set at a font size of 18px.

CSS writing requirements:

1. Use class selectors to define styles based on the name of the HTML element.
2. Please use fixed pixel values (e.g.: px) to set the font size.
3. Ensure that the HTML elements on the page match the class selectors' names in the CSS.

Please provide the necessary HTML and CSS code snippets that meet these requirements.
Please wrap the answering code with markdown code block format, e.g.
```html
[code]
```

import { describe, expect, test, beforeAll, afterAll } from '@jest/globals';
import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';

describe('Font Size Styling', () => {
    let browser;
    let page;

    beforeAll(async () => {
        browser = await puppeteer.launch({args: ['--no-sandbox']});
        page = await browser.newPage();
        await page.setContent(`#<INSERT>`);
    });

    afterAll(async () => {
        await browser.close();
    });

    test('The .title class should have a font size of 36px', async () => {
        const fontSize = await page.evaluate(() => {
            const title = document.querySelector('.title');
            return window.getComputedStyle(title).getPropertyValue('font-size');
        });
        expect(fontSize).toBe('36px');
    });

    test('The .description class should have a font size of 18px', async () => {
        const fontSize = await page.evaluate(() => {
            const description = document.querySelector('.description');
            return window.getComputedStyle(description).getPropertyValue('font-size');
        });
        expect(fontSize).toBe('18px');
    });
});


<!DOCTYPE html>

<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Font Color Example</title>

这是主标题

这是一段描述文本

Write an HTML code and use CSS to set the font color of different elements. The requirements are as follows:

1. The page should have an <h1> element, with the class name of main-heading, the content is "This is the main title", and the font color should be set to blue (#0000FF).
2. The page should also contain a <p> element, with the class name of info-text, the content is "This is a descriptive text", and the font color should be set to green (#008000).

CSS writing requirements:

1. Use class selectors, that is, start with a dot . followed by the class name to define the selector (for example .main-heading).
2. Use hexadecimal color codes to specify the font color of the element.

The HTML and CSS code should be returned together in the answer.
Please wrap the answering code with markdown code block format, e.g.
```html
[code]
```

import { describe, expect, test, beforeAll, afterAll } from '@jest/globals';
import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';

describe('Font Color Styling', () => {
    let browser;
    let page;

    beforeAll(async () => {
        browser = await puppeteer.launch({args: ['--no-sandbox']});
        page = await browser.newPage();
        await page.setContent(`#<INSERT>`);
    });

    afterAll(async () => {
        await browser.close();
    });

    test('The .main-heading class should have a font color of blue (#0000FF)', async () => {
        const color = await page.evaluate(() => {
            const heading = document.querySelector('.main-heading');
            return window.getComputedStyle(heading).getPropertyValue('color');
        });
        expect(color).toBe('rgb(0, 0, 255)'); // 转换为 RGB 格式
    });

    test('The .info-text class should have a font color of green (#008000)', async () => {
        const color = await page.evaluate(() => {
            const text = document.querySelector('.info-text');
            return window.getComputedStyle(text).getPropertyValue('color');
        });
        expect(color).toBe('rgb(0, 128, 0)'); // 转换为 RGB 格式
    });
});


from decimal import Decimal, getcontext

def solve(R, n):
    """
    Calculate R to the power of n with high precision using the decimal module.

    :param R: A real number (0.0 < R < 99.999)
    :param n: An integer (0 < n <= 25)
    :return: R raised to the power of n
    """
    # Set the precision high enough to handle the calculation
    getcontext().prec = 50

    # Use Decimal for high precision calculation
    result = Decimal(R) ** n

    return result

Performing high-precision calculations on very large numbers with high precision is a very common problem. For example, calculating government bonds falls into this category.

Write a Python function `solve(R, n):Float` to solve this problem:
Accurate calculation of the power of a real number R (0.0 < R < 99.999 ) to the `n` power (R^n), where `n` is an integer and 0 < n <= 25.

>>> solve(95.123,12)
548815620517731830194541.899025343415715973535967221869852721


<!DOCTYPE html>

<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Centered Paragraph</title>

This paragraph is centered in the div.

Please create an HTML page that contains a <div> container. In the <div> container, there should be a centered <p> element with a yellow background, black text color, and sufficient padding to make the text look not crowded.
Please write out the HTML and CSS code that meets the above conditions.
Please wrap the answering code with markdown code block format, e.g.
```html
[code]
```

import { describe, expect, test, beforeAll, afterAll } from '@jest/globals';
import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';

describe('Centered Paragraph', () => {
  let browser;
  let page;

  beforeAll(async () => {
    browser = await puppeteer.launch({args: ['--no-sandbox']});
    page = await browser.newPage();
    await page.setContent(`#<INSERT>`);
  });

  afterAll(async () => {
    await browser.close();
  });

  it('should have a <div> that is a flex container', async () => {
    const divDisplay = await page.evaluate(() => {
      const div = document.querySelector('div');
      return window.getComputedStyle(div).display;
    });

    expect(divDisplay).toBe('flex');
  });

  it('should have a <p> element with yellow background and black text', async () => {
    const pStyles = await page.evaluate(() => {
      const p = document.querySelector('p');
      return {
        backgroundColor: window.getComputedStyle(p).backgroundColor,
        color: window.getComputedStyle(p).color,
        textAlign: window.getComputedStyle(p).textAlign,
        padding: window.getComputedStyle(p).padding
      };
    });

    expect(pStyles.backgroundColor).toBe('rgb(255, 255, 0)'); // yellow
    expect(pStyles.color).toBe('rgb(0, 0, 0)'); // black
    expect(pStyles.textAlign).toBe('center');
    expect(pStyles.padding).toBe('20px'); // assuming there's uniform padding
  });
});


def max_square(bars):
    stack = []
    max_area = 0
    bars.append(0)  # 添加一个高度为0的柱子来处理所有剩余的柱子

    for i in range(len(bars)):
        while stack and bars[stack[-1]] > bars[i]:
            height = bars[stack.pop()]
            width = i if not stack else i - stack[-1] - 1
            max_area = max(max_area, height * width)
        stack.append(i)

    return max_area

Please write a Python function `max_square(bars): int` to solve this problem:
A given sequence bars, representing the height of each bar in a bar chart from left to right. All bars are adjacent with a width of 1. Calculate and return the maximum area of the rectangle that can be drawn in this bar chart.
>>> max_square([2,4])
4

#<INSERT>

def check():
    assert max_square([2,4]) == 4
    assert max_square([3,1,2]) == 3
    assert max_square([2,1,5,6,2,3]) == 10
check()


def first_missing_positive_num(nums):
    n = len(nums)
    for i in range(n):
        while 1 <= nums[i] <= n and nums[nums[i] - 1] != nums[i]:
            nums[nums[i] - 1], nums[i] = nums[i], nums[nums[i] - 1]

    for i in range(n):
        if nums[i] != i + 1:
            return i + 1

    return n + 1

Please write a Python function `first_missing_positive_num(nums): int` to solve this problem:
For a given array nums, calculate and return the smallest positive integer that has not occurred in it. Please implement a solution that has a time complexity of O(n) and only uses constant extra space.
>>> first_missing_positive_num([1,2,0])
3

#<INSERT>

def check():
    assert first_missing_positive_num([1,2,0]) == 3
    assert first_missing_positive_num([3,4,-1,1]) == 2
    assert first_missing_positive_num([7,8,9,11,12]) == 1
    assert first_missing_positive_num([0,0,0,1,2,2,3,5]) == 4
check()


def max_subsequence(nums):
    if not nums:
        return 0

    dp = [1] * len(nums)
    for i in range(1, len(nums)):
        for j in range(i):
            if nums[j] < nums[i]:
                dp[i] = max(dp[i], dp[j] + 1)

    return max(dp)

Please write a Python function `max_subsequence(nums): int` to solve this problem:
For a given sequence nums, calculate and return the length of the longest strictly increasing subsequence. A subsequence is a sequence derived from the array by deleting (or not deleting) elements in the array without changing the order of the remaining elements. For example, [3,6,2,7] is a subsequence of the array [0,3,1,6,2,2,7].
>>> max_subsequence([1,2,3,7,2,10])
5

#<INSERT>

def check():
    assert max_subsequence([1,2,3,7,2,10]) == 5
    assert max_subsequence([10,9,2,5,3,7,101,18]) == 4
    assert max_subsequence( [0,1,0,3,2,3]) == 4
    assert max_subsequence([7,7,7,7,7,7,7]) == 1
check()


def solve(n):
    return n > 0 and (n & (n - 1)) == 0

Please write a Python function `solve(n): bool` to solve this problem:
For a given integer n, the function should return True if n is a power of 2, and return False otherwise.
>>> solve(1024)
True

#<INSERT>

def check():
    assert solve(1024) == True
    assert solve(10234) == False
    assert solve(1) == True
    assert solve(2) == True
    assert solve(3) == False
    assert solve(0) == False
check()


cat linux_test_2/a.txt linux_test_2/b.txt > linux_test_2/c.txt

Please implement the following using Linux command: Merge the content of linux_test_2/a.txt and linux_test_2/b.txt into the linux_test_2/c.txt file.

Question: Please use a Linux command to: Given a text file file.txt, only print the tenth line of this file.

Answer:
```bash
sed -n '10p' file.txt
```

----------------

Question: Please use a Linux command to: Write a bash script to count the frequency of each word appears in a text file words.txt.

Answer:
```bash
cat words.txt | tr -s ' ' '\n' | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | sort | uniq -c
```

----------------

import subprocess
def init():
    import os
    os.makedirs('linux_test_2')

def check_result(model_output):
    init()
    text = """Line 1
Line 2"""
    text2 = """
Line 3
Line 4"""
    with open('linux_test_2/a.txt', 'w') as file:
        file.write(text)
    with open('linux_test_2/b.txt', 'w') as file:
        file.write(text2)
    process = subprocess.Popen([model_output], shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
    stdout, stderr = process.communicate()
    process = subprocess.Popen(["cat linux_test_2/c.txt"], shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
    stdout, stderr = process.communicate()
    output = stdout.decode()
    assert(output == "Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3\nLine 4")
model_output = """#<INSERT>"""
check_result(model_output)


find linux_test_3 -name "*.md" > linux_test_3/md_files.txt

Please implement the following with Linux command: Search for all .md files under linux_test_3 and its subdirectories, and output the names of these files to linux_test_3/md_files.txt.

import subprocess
def init():
    from pathlib import Path
    import os
    def create(file_name):
        path = Path(file_name)
        os.makedirs(path.parent, exist_ok=True)
        path.touch()

    for f in ['file7.md', 'file8.txt', 'folder1/file1.md', 'folder1/file2.txt',\
              'folder2/file3.md', 'folder2/file4.md', 'folder3/file6.txt', 'folder3/subfolder1/file5.md']:
        create('linux_test_3/' + f)
    return

def check_result(model_output):
    init()
    process = subprocess.Popen([model_output], shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
    stdout, stderr = process.communicate()

    process = subprocess.Popen(["cat linux_test_3/md_files.txt"], shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
    stdout, stderr = process.communicate()
    output = stdout.decode().strip().split('\n')
    output = sorted(output)
    expected = sorted([
        "linux_test_3/folder1/file1.md",
        "linux_test_3/folder2/file3.md",
        "linux_test_3/folder2/file4.md",
        "linux_test_3/folder3/subfolder1/file5.md",
        "linux_test_3/file7.md",
    ])
    assert(output == expected)

model_output = """#<INSERT>"""
check_result(model_output)


def convert(n):
    return int(bin(n)[2:])

Please write a Python function `convert(n): int` to solve this problem:
For a given decimal number n, calculate and return its binary representation.
>>> convert(1025)
10000000001

#<INSERT>

def check():
    assert convert(1) == 1
    assert convert(2) == 10
    assert convert(1024) == 10000000000
    assert convert(6342) == 1100011000110
check()


Please implement the following using a Linux command: rename the file `test_1` in the directory `linux_test_12` to `test_2`. The `linux_test_12` directory is located in the current path.

import os
import subprocess
def check_result(model_output):
    os.makedirs('linux_test_12', exist_ok=True)
    with open('linux_test_12/test_1', 'w') as file:
        file.write("test")

    process = subprocess.Popen([model_output], shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)

    stdout, stderr = process.communicate()

    assert(os.path.isfile('linux_test_12/test_2'))

model_output = """#<INSERT>"""

check_result(model_output)


ln -s linux_test_6/a.foo linux_test_6/b.bar

Please implement with Linux command: Create a soft link named linux_test_6/b.bar for the file linux_test_6/a.foo.

import subprocess
import os

def check_result(model_output):
    os.makedirs('linux_test_6')
    with open('linux_test_6/a.foo', 'w') as file:
        file.write("Test content")
    process = subprocess.Popen([model_output], shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
    stdout, stderr = process.communicate()
    assert(os.path.islink('linux_test_6/b.bar'))
    assert(os.readlink('linux_test_6/b.bar') == 'linux_test_6/a.foo')
model_output = """#<INSERT>"""
check_result(model_output)


Please implement with Linux command: Output the lines that contain "mark" and the two lines above them in the file linux_test_1/test.txt.

import subprocess
def init():
    import os
    os.makedirs('linux_test_1', exist_ok=True)

def check_result(model_output):
    init()
    text = """Line 1
Line 2
Line 3
Line 4    mark
Line 5"""
    with open('linux_test_1/test.txt', 'w') as file:
        file.write(text)
    process = subprocess.Popen([model_output], shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
    stdout, stderr = process.communicate()
    output = stdout.decode()
    assert(output == "Line 2\nLine 3\nLine 4    mark\n")
model_output = """#<INSERT>"""
check_result(model_output)


Please implement the following using the Linux command: In the `linux_test_8` directory, create a new folder named `test`. The `linux_test_8` is located in the current path.

import os
def check_result(model_output):
    os.makedirs('linux_test_8')
    os.system(model_output)
    assert(os.path.isdir("linux_test_8/test"))

model_output = """#<INSERT>"""

check_result(model_output)


Please implement the following with a Linux command: Search for files named test.txt in the linux_test_4 directory and its subdirectories.

import subprocess
def init():
    from pathlib import Path
    import os
    def create(file_name):
        path = Path(file_name)
        os.makedirs(path.parent, exist_ok=True)
        path.touch()

    for f in ['test.txt', 'file8.txt', 'folder1/test.txt', 'folder2/subfolder1/test.txt']:
        create('linux_test_4/' + f)
    return

def check_result(model_output):
    init()
    expected_files = ['linux_test_4/folder1/test.txt', 'linux_test_4/folder2/subfolder1/test.txt', 'linux_test_4/test.txt']
    process = subprocess.Popen([model_output], shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
    stdout, stderr = process.communicate()
    output_files = stdout.decode().strip().split('\n')
    assert(set(output_files) == set(expected_files))
model_output = '''#<INSERT>'''
check_result(model_output)


Please implement the following with a Linux command: Grant execute permission to linux_test_5/run_test.sh.

import subprocess
def init():
    import os
    os.makedirs('linux_test_5')

def check_result(model_output):
    init()
    with open('linux_test_5/run_test.sh', 'w') as file:
        file.write("#!/bin/bash\necho 'Script is running'")
    process = subprocess.Popen([model_output], shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
    stdout, stderr = process.communicate()
    process = subprocess.Popen(["ls -l linux_test_5/run_test.sh"], shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
    stdout, stderr = process.communicate()
    output = stdout.decode()
    assert("-rwx" in output)
model_output = """#<INSERT>"""
check_result(model_output)


Please implement with the Linux command: Count how many lines are in the test file under linux_test_13.

import subprocess
def init():
    import os
    os.makedirs('linux_test_13')

def check_result(model_output):
    init()
    text = """Line 1
Line 2
Line 3
Line 4
Line 5
"""
    with open('linux_test_13/test', 'w') as file:

        file.write(text)

    process = subprocess.Popen([model_output], shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)

    stdout, stderr = process.communicate()

    output = stdout.decode()
    assert(output.strip() == "5 linux_test_13/test")

model_output = """#<INSERT>"""

check_result(model_output)


Please use Linux command to implement: Create an empty file named 'test' under 'linux_test_11'.

import subprocess
import os
def check_result(model_output):
    os.makedirs('linux_test_11')
    process = subprocess.Popen([model_output], shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)

    stdout, stderr = process.communicate()

    assert(os.path.exists('linux_test_11/test'))

model_output = """#<INSERT>"""

check_result(model_output)


Please achieve the following with a Linux command: Delete the test folder under linux_test_9.

#import os
#import subprocess
def check_result(model_output):
    #os.makedirs('linux_test_9/test', exist_ok=True)
    #assert os.path.exists('linux_test_9/test')

    #process = subprocess.Popen([model_output], shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)

    #stdout, stderr = process.communicate()

    #assert not os.path.exists('linux_test_9/test')

    assert model_output in set(['rm -r linux_test_9/test', 'rm -rf linux_test_9/test'])

model_output = """#<INSERT>"""

check_result(model_output)


Please implement with Linux commands: delete the test file under linux_test_10.

#import os
#import subprocess
def check_result(model_output):
    #os.makedirs('linux_test_10', exist_ok=True)
    #with open('linux_test_10/test', 'w') as file:
    #    file.write("test")

    #process = subprocess.Popen([model_output], shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)

    #stdout, stderr = process.communicate()

    #assert(not os.path.exists('linux_test_10/test'))
    assert model_output in set(['rm linux_test_10/test', 'rm -f linux_test_10/test'])

model_output = """#<INSERT>"""

check_result(model_output)


Please implement the following using a Linux command: Clear the value of the environment variable TEST_ENV_2.

import subprocess
# linux_test_14
def check_result(model_output):
    # Set the environment variable
    #subprocess.run(["export TEST_ENV_2='test value'"], shell=True)

    # Run the model's command
    #subprocess.run([model_output], shell=True)

    # Check if the environment variable is unset
    #process = subprocess.Popen(["echo $TEST_ENV_2"], shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
    #stdout, stderr = process.communicate()
    #output = stdout.decode().strip()

    #assert(output == "")

    assert model_output in set(['unset TEST_ENV_2'])

model_output = """#<INSERT>"""

check_result(model_output)


Please implement with Linux command: Check the value of the environmental variable TEST_ENV_3

import os
import subprocess
def check_result(model_output):
    # linux_test_15
    os.environ['TEST_ENV_3'] = 'test_value'

    process = subprocess.Popen([model_output], shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)

    stdout, stderr = process.communicate()

    output = stdout.decode()

    assert(output == "test_value\n")

model_output = """#<INSERT>"""

check_result(model_output)


Please use the Linux command to view the value of the environment variable TEST_EVAL.

import subprocess
def check_result(model_output):
    # linux_test_7
    expected_value = "some_test_value"
    process = subprocess.Popen(["export TEST_EVAL=some_test_value"], shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
    process.communicate()
    process = subprocess.Popen([model_output], shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, env={"TEST_EVAL": expected_value})
    stdout, stderr = process.communicate()
    output = stdout.decode().strip()
    assert(output == expected_value)
model_output = """#<INSERT>"""
check_result(model_output)


from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
import json

class WebhookHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):

    def do_POST(self):
        if self.path == '/webhook':
            # 获取内容长度
            content_length = int(self.headers['Content-Length'])
            # 读取请求体数据
            post_data = self.rfile.read(content_length)

            # 尝试解析JSON数据
            try:
                data = json.loads(post_data)
                # 打印收到的信息
                print("Received webhook:")
                print(f"Message:{data['message']}")
                print(f"Task ID: {data['taskId']}")
            except json.JSONDecodeError:
                # 如果不是JSON格式，就打印错误信息
                print("Received non-JSON payload")
                self.send_response(400)  # Bad Request
                self.end_headers()
                return

            #送响应
            self.send_response(200)  # OK
            self.send_header('Content-type', 'application/json')
            self.end_headers()
            response = {"status": "received"}
            self.wfile.write(json.dumps(response).encode('utf-8'))
        else:
            # 如果路径不是/webhook，则返回404
            self.send_response(404)  # Not Found
            self.end_headers()

def run(server_class=HTTPServer, handler_class=WebhookHandler, port=3410):
    server_address = ('', port)
    httpd = server_class(server_address, handler_class)
    print(f'Starting httpd server on port {port}...')
    httpd.serve_forever()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    run()

In many asynchronous communication scenarios, such as notifying the client using HTTP callbacks (also known as Webhooks) after a time-consuming task is completed on the server side, is a common practice. In this topic, you need to design and implement a simple HTTP callback handler.

Create a Python script to implement the following functions:

1. Start a simple HTTP server and listen on port 3410.
2. The server should be able to handle POST requests with the path `/webhook`.
3. When a POST request is received, the server should extract data in JSON format from the request body and print it out.
4. After receiving the request, the server should return a status code of 200, and the response body should be `{"status": "received"}`.

Assuming the received JSON format is as follows:

```json
{
  "message": "Task completed",
  "taskId": "12345"
}
```

You need to print out information similar to the following:

```plaintext
Received webhook:
Message: Task completed
Task ID: 12345
```

Please write the code in a markdown ```python``` wrapper.

def check(model_output):
    import requests
    import subprocess
    import time
    import os
    import signal
    import shlex
    import json
    from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
    os.makedirs('http_test_1', exist_ok=True)
    with open("http_test_1/app.py", "w") as app_file:
        app_file.write(model_output)
    cmd = shlex.split("python3 app.py")
    pro = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                        preexec_fn=os.setsid,cwd = "http_test_1/")

    time.sleep(5)

    try:

        # 定义服务器的URL
        url = 'http://localhost:3410/webhook'

        # 定义要发送的数据
        data = {
        'message': 'Task completed',
        'taskId': '12345'
        }

        # 将数据转换为JSON字符串
        json_data = json.dumps(data)

        # 发送POST请求
        response = requests.post(url, data=json_data, headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'})

        # 断言响应状态码为200
        assert response.status_code == 200, f"Expected status code 200, but got {response.status_code}"

        # 断言响应内容
        expected_response = {"status": "received"}
        assert response.json() == expected_response, f"Expected response {expected_response}, but got {response.json()}"

        # 测试完成，如果没有断言错误，则输出成功信息
        print("Webhook handler passed the test successfully.")
    except AssertionError as e:
        raise AssertionError("Model output does not match")
    finally:
        os.killpg(os.getpgid(pro.pid), signal.SIGTERM)
        time.sleep(1)
        # os.remove("http_test_1/app.py")
model_output = """#<INSERT>"""
check(model_output)