import core.stdc.stdlib;
long[] sort_array(long[] array)
{
    exit(0);
}

Please implement the following code in D, with the function signature `long[] sort_array(long[] array)`. Note:
1. Only implement the target function and include necessary imports, do not generate any additional code.

```python

def sort_array(array):

    return [] if len(array) == 0 else sorted(array, reverse= (array[0]+array[-1]) % 2 == 0)

```

#<INSERT>
unittest
{
    alias candidate = sort_array;

    assert(candidate([]) == []);
    assert(candidate([5L]) == [5L]);
    assert(candidate([2L, 4L, 3L, 0L, 1L, 5L]) == [0L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 5L]);
    assert(candidate([2L, 4L, 3L, 0L, 1L, 5L, 6L]) == [6L, 5L, 4L, 3L, 2L, 1L, 0L]);
    assert(candidate([2L, 1L]) == [1L, 2L]);
    assert(candidate([15L, 42L, 87L, 32L, 11L, 0L]) == [0L, 11L, 15L, 32L, 42L, 87L]);
    assert(candidate([21L, 14L, 23L, 11L]) == [23L, 21L, 14L, 11L]);
}
void main(){}


import core.stdc.stdlib;
string remove_vowels(string text)
{
    exit(0);
}

Please convert the following code to D, with the function signature `string remove_vowels(string text)`.
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import necessary packages, do not generate other code.

```python

def remove_vowels(text):

    return "".join([s for s in text if s.lower() not in ["a", "e", "i", "o", "u"]])

```

Question: Write a piece of python code to achieve the following function.
Find the maximum perfect square number that is less than the nth Fibonacci number.
The function's name is max_square_number, and the input is an integer n.

Answer:
```python
def max_square_number(n):
    if n <= 2:
        return 0  # For the first two numbers in the Fibonacci sequence, no complete square numbers can be used.

    fibs = [0, 1]  # Store the first two numbers of the Fibonacci sequence
    squares = []  # Store the list of perfect square numbers

    max_square = 0
    i = 2

    while i <= n:
        fibs.append(fibs[i-1] + fibs[i-2])  # Calculate the next Fibonacci number
        i += 1

    fib = fibs[-1]
    perfect_squares = [i**2 for i in range(1, int(math.sqrt(fib)) + 1)]
    max_square = max(filter(lambda x: x < fib, perfect_squares))
    return max_square
```

----------------

#<INSERT>
unittest
{
    alias candidate = remove_vowels;

    assert(candidate("") == "");
    assert(candidate("abcdef
ghijklm") == "bcdf
ghjklm");
    assert(candidate("fedcba") == "fdcb");
    assert(candidate("eeeee") == "");
    assert(candidate("acBAA") == "cB");
    assert(candidate("EcBOO") == "cB");
    assert(candidate("ybcd") == "ybcd");
}
void main(){}


import core.stdc.stdlib;
long largest_divisor(long n)
{
    exit(0);
}

Please rewrite the following code using D, with the function signature `long largest_divisor(long n)`.
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import necessary packages, do not generate any other code.

```python

def largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:

    for i in reversed(range(n)):
        if n % i == 0:
            return i

```

#<INSERT>
unittest
{
    alias candidate = largest_divisor;

    assert(candidate(3L) == 1L);
    assert(candidate(7L) == 1L);
    assert(candidate(10L) == 5L);
    assert(candidate(100L) == 50L);
    assert(candidate(49L) == 7L);
}
void main(){}


import core.stdc.stdlib;
long add_elements(long[] arr, long k)
{
    exit(0);
}

Please implement the following code using D language, with the function signature `long add_elements(long[] arr, long k)`.
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import necessary packages, do not generate other code.

```python

def add_elements(arr, k):

    return sum(elem for elem in arr[:k] if len(str(elem)) <= 2)

```

#<INSERT>
unittest
{
    alias candidate = add_elements;

    assert(candidate([1L, -2L, -3L, 41L, 57L, 76L, 87L, 88L, 99L], 3L) == -4L);
    assert(candidate([111L, 121L, 3L, 4000L, 5L, 6L], 2L) == 0L);
    assert(candidate([11L, 21L, 3L, 90L, 5L, 6L, 7L, 8L, 9L], 4L) == 125L);
    assert(candidate([111L, 21L, 3L, 4000L, 5L, 6L, 7L, 8L, 9L], 4L) == 24L);
    assert(candidate([1L], 1L) == 1L);
}
void main(){}


import core.stdc.stdlib;
long[] derivative(long[] xs)
{
    exit(0);
}

Please implement the following code in D with the function signature `long[] derivative(long[] xs)`.
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import necessary packages, do not generate any other code.

```python

def derivative(xs: list):

    return [(i * x) for i, x in enumerate(xs)][1:]

```

#<INSERT>
unittest
{
    alias candidate = derivative;

    assert(candidate([3L, 1L, 2L, 4L, 5L]) == [1L, 4L, 12L, 20L]);
    assert(candidate([1L, 2L, 3L]) == [2L, 6L]);
    assert(candidate([3L, 2L, 1L]) == [2L, 2L]);
    assert(candidate([3L, 2L, 1L, 0L, 4L]) == [2L, 2L, 0L, 16L]);
    assert(candidate([1L]) == []);
}
void main(){}


import core.stdc.stdlib;
string flip_case(string string)
{
    exit(0);
}

Please implement the following code in D, with the function signature as `string flip_case(string string)`

Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import necessary packages, do not generate any other code.

```python

def flip_case(string: str) -> str:

    return string.swapcase()

```

#<INSERT>
unittest
{
    alias candidate = flip_case;

    assert(candidate("") == "");
    assert(candidate("Hello!") == "hELLO!");
    assert(candidate("These violent delights have violent ends") == "tHESE VIOLENT DELIGHTS HAVE VIOLENT ENDS");
}
void main(){}


import core.stdc.stdlib;
bool is_equal_to_sum_even(long n)
{
    exit(0);
}

Please convert the following code to D, with the function signature as `bool is_equal_to_sum_even(long n)`
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import the necessary packages, do not generate any other code

```python

def is_equal_to_sum_even(n):

    return n%2 == 0 and n >= 8

```

#<INSERT>
unittest
{
    alias candidate = is_equal_to_sum_even;

    assert(candidate(4L) == false);
    assert(candidate(6L) == false);
    assert(candidate(8L) == true);
    assert(candidate(10L) == true);
    assert(candidate(11L) == false);
    assert(candidate(12L) == true);
    assert(candidate(13L) == false);
    assert(candidate(16L) == true);
}
void main(){}


import core.stdc.stdlib;
bool iscube(long a)
{
    exit(0);
}

Please change the following code to be implemented in D, with the function signature `bool iscube(long a)`. Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import the necessary packages, do not generate other code.

```python

def iscube(a):

    a = abs(a)
    return int(round(a ** (1. / 3))) ** 3 == a

```

#<INSERT>
unittest
{
    alias candidate = iscube;

    assert(candidate(1L) == true);
    assert(candidate(2L) == false);
    assert(candidate(-1L) == true);
    assert(candidate(64L) == true);
    assert(candidate(180L) == false);
    assert(candidate(1000L) == true);
    assert(candidate(0L) == true);
    assert(candidate(1729L) == false);
}
void main(){}


import core.stdc.stdlib;
string solve(long N)
{
    exit(0);
}

Please translate the following code into D, with the function signature `string solve(long N)`. Note:
1. Implement only the target function and import necessary packages, do not generate any other code.

```python

def solve(N):

    return bin(sum(int(i) for i in str(N)))[2:]

```

#<INSERT>
unittest
{
    alias candidate = solve;

    assert(candidate(1000L) == "1");
    assert(candidate(150L) == "110");
    assert(candidate(147L) == "1100");
    assert(candidate(333L) == "1001");
    assert(candidate(963L) == "10010");
}
void main(){}


import core.stdc.stdlib;
long[] unique(long[] l)
{
    exit(0);
}

Please convert the following code to be implemented in D, with the function signature `long[] unique(long[] l)`. Note:

1. Only implement the target function and include necessary imports, do not generate other code.

```python

def unique(l: list):

    return sorted(list(set(l)))

```

#<INSERT>
unittest
{
    alias candidate = unique;

    assert(candidate([5L, 3L, 5L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 9L, 0L, 123L]) == [0L, 2L, 3L, 5L, 9L, 123L]);
}
void main(){}


#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <any>
#include <variant>
std::tuple<float, float> find_closest_elements(std::vector<float> numbers) { exit(0); }

Please convert the following code into cpp, with the function signature `std::tuple<float, float> find_closest_elements(std::vector<float> numbers)`.
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import the necessary packages, do not generate other code.

```python
from typing import List, Tuple

def find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:

    closest_pair = None
    distance = None

    for idx, elem in enumerate(numbers):
        for idx2, elem2 in enumerate(numbers):
            if idx != idx2:
                if distance is None:
                    distance = abs(elem - elem2)
                    closest_pair = tuple(sorted([elem, elem2]))
                else:
                    new_distance = abs(elem - elem2)
                    if new_distance < distance:
                        distance = new_distance
                        closest_pair = tuple(sorted([elem, elem2]))

    return closest_pair

```

Question: Please implement the following code in cpp, and present the output in markdown fenced block format.
```python
from collections import defaultdict

def wordCount(text):
    countMap = defaultdict(int)
    words = text.split()

    for word in words:
        countMap[word] += 1

    return countMap
```

Answer:
```cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <unordered_map>

std::unordered_map<std::string, int> wordCount(const std::string& text) {
    std::unordered_map<std::string, int> countMap;
    std::string word;
    std::size_t startPos = 0;
    std::size_t endPos = 0;

    while (endPos != std::string::npos) {
        endPos = text.find_first_of(" \t\n", startPos);
        word = text.substr(startPos, endPos - startPos);
        if (!word.empty()) {
            ++countMap[word];
        }
        startPos = text.find_first_not_of(" \t\n", endPos);
    }

    return countMap;
}
```

----------------

#include <cassert>
#<INSERT>

int main() {
    auto candidate = find_closest_elements;
    assert(candidate((std::vector<float>({(float)1.0f, (float)2.0f, (float)3.9f, (float)4.0f, (float)5.0f, (float)2.2f}))) == (std::make_tuple(3.9f, 4.0f)));
    assert(candidate((std::vector<float>({(float)1.0f, (float)2.0f, (float)5.9f, (float)4.0f, (float)5.0f}))) == (std::make_tuple(5.0f, 5.9f)));
    assert(candidate((std::vector<float>({(float)1.0f, (float)2.0f, (float)3.0f, (float)4.0f, (float)5.0f, (float)2.2f}))) == (std::make_tuple(2.0f, 2.2f)));
    assert(candidate((std::vector<float>({(float)1.0f, (float)2.0f, (float)3.0f, (float)4.0f, (float)5.0f, (float)2.0f}))) == (std::make_tuple(2.0f, 2.0f)));
    assert(candidate((std::vector<float>({(float)1.1f, (float)2.2f, (float)3.1f, (float)4.1f, (float)5.1f}))) == (std::make_tuple(2.2f, 3.1f)));
}


import std.typecons;
import core.stdc.stdlib;
bool check_dict_case(Nullable!(string[string]) dict)
{
    exit(0);
}

Please translate the following code into D, with the function signature `bool check_dict_case(Nullable!(string[string]) dict)`.
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import the necessary package, do not generate any other code.

```python

def check_dict_case(dict):

    if len(dict.keys()) == 0:
        return False
    else:
        state = "start"
        for key in dict.keys():

            if isinstance(key, str) == False:
                state = "mixed"
                break
            if state == "start":
                if key.isupper():
                    state = "upper"
                elif key.islower():
                    state = "lower"
                else:
                    break
            elif (state == "upper" and not key.isupper()) or (state == "lower" and not key.islower()):
                    state = "mixed"
                    break
            else:
                break
        return state == "upper" or state == "lower"

```

import std.typecons;
#<INSERT>
unittest
{
    alias candidate = check_dict_case;

    assert(candidate(["p": "pineapple", "b": "banana"].nullable) == true);
    assert(candidate(["p": "pineapple", "A": "banana", "B": "banana"].nullable) == false);
    assert(candidate(["p": "pineapple", "5": "banana", "a": "apple"].nullable) == false);
    assert(candidate(["Name": "John", "Age": "36", "City": "Houston"].nullable) == false);
    assert(candidate(["STATE": "NC", "ZIP": "12345"].nullable) == true);
    assert(candidate(["fruit": "Orange", "taste": "Sweet"].nullable) == true);
    assert(candidate(Nullable!(string[string]).init) == false);
}
void main(){}


#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <any>
#include <variant>
std::vector<std::string> bf(std::string planet1, std::string planet2) { exit(0); }

Please change the following code to be implemented in cpp, with the function signature `std::vector<std::string> bf(std::string planet1, std::string planet2)`
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import the necessary packages, do not generate any other code

```python

def bf(planet1, planet2):

    planet_names = ("Mercury", "Venus", "Earth", "Mars", "Jupiter", "Saturn", "Uranus", "Neptune")
    if planet1 not in planet_names or planet2 not in planet_names or planet1 == planet2:
        return ()
    planet1_index = planet_names.index(planet1)
    planet2_index = planet_names.index(planet2)
    if planet1_index < planet2_index:
        return (planet_names[planet1_index + 1: planet2_index])
    else:
        return (planet_names[planet2_index + 1 : planet1_index])

```

#include <cassert>
#<INSERT>

int main() {
    auto candidate = bf;
    assert(candidate(("Jupiter"), ("Neptune")) == (std::vector<std::string>({(std::string)"Saturn", (std::string)"Uranus"})));
    assert(candidate(("Earth"), ("Mercury")) == (std::vector<std::string>({(std::string)"Venus"})));
    assert(candidate(("Mercury"), ("Uranus")) == (std::vector<std::string>({(std::string)"Venus", (std::string)"Earth", (std::string)"Mars", (std::string)"Jupiter", (std::string)"Saturn"})));
    assert(candidate(("Neptune"), ("Venus")) == (std::vector<std::string>({(std::string)"Earth", (std::string)"Mars", (std::string)"Jupiter", (std::string)"Saturn", (std::string)"Uranus"})));
    assert(candidate(("Earth"), ("Earth")) == (std::vector<std::string>()));
    assert(candidate(("Mars"), ("Earth")) == (std::vector<std::string>()));
    assert(candidate(("Jupiter"), ("Makemake")) == (std::vector<std::string>()));
}


#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <any>
#include <variant>
bool is_nested(std::string string) { exit(0); }

Please convert the following code to C++ with the function signature `bool is_nested(std::string string)`
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and include necessary headers, don't generate any other code.

```cpp

def is_nested(string):

    opening_bracket_index = []
    closing_bracket_index = []
    for i in range(len(string)):
        if string[i] == '[':
            opening_bracket_index.append(i)
        else:
            closing_bracket_index.append(i)
    closing_bracket_index.reverse()
    cnt = 0
    i = 0
    l = len(closing_bracket_index)
    for idx in opening_bracket_index:
        if i < l and idx < closing_bracket_index[i]:
            cnt += 1
            i += 1
    return cnt >= 2

```

#include <cassert>
#<INSERT>

int main() {
    auto candidate = is_nested;
    assert(candidate(("[[]]")) == (true));
    assert(candidate(("[]]]]]]][[[[[]")) == (false));
    assert(candidate(("[][]")) == (false));
    assert(candidate(("[]")) == (false));
    assert(candidate(("[[[[]]]]")) == (true));
    assert(candidate(("[]]]]]]]]]]")) == (false));
    assert(candidate(("[][][[]]")) == (true));
    assert(candidate(("[[]")) == (false));
    assert(candidate(("[]]")) == (false));
    assert(candidate(("[[]][[")) == (true));
    assert(candidate(("[[][]]")) == (true));
    assert(candidate(("")) == (false));
    assert(candidate(("[[[[[[[[")) == (false));
    assert(candidate(("]]]]]]]]")) == (false));
}


import core.stdc.stdlib;
string fix_spaces(string text)
{
    exit(0);
}

Please implement the following code using D, with the function signature `string fix_spaces(string text)`. Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import necessary packages, do not generate any other code.

```python

def fix_spaces(text):

    new_text = ""
    i = 0
    start, end = 0, 0
    while i < len(text):
        if text[i] == " ":
            end += 1
        else:
            if end - start > 2:
                new_text += "-"+text[i]
            elif end - start > 0:
                new_text += "_"*(end - start)+text[i]
            else:
                new_text += text[i]
            start, end = i+1, i+1
        i+=1
    if end - start > 2:
        new_text += "-"
    elif end - start > 0:
        new_text += "_"
    return new_text

```

#<INSERT>
unittest
{
    alias candidate = fix_spaces;

    assert(candidate("Example") == "Example");
    assert(candidate("Mudasir Hanif ") == "Mudasir_Hanif_");
    assert(candidate("Yellow Yellow  Dirty  Fellow") == "Yellow_Yellow__Dirty__Fellow");
    assert(candidate("Exa   mple") == "Exa-mple");
    assert(candidate("   Exa 1 2 2 mple") == "-Exa_1_2_2_mple");
}
void main(){}


#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <any>
#include <variant>
std::vector<std::string> by_length(std::vector<long> arr) { exit(0); }

Please implement the following code in C++ with the function signature `std::vector<std::string> by_length(std::vector<long> arr)`.
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and include necessary headers, do not generate other code.

```python

def by_length(arr):

    dic = {
        1: "One",
        2: "Two",
        3: "Three",
        4: "Four",
        5: "Five",
        6: "Six",
        7: "Seven",
        8: "Eight",
        9: "Nine",
    }
    sorted_arr = sorted(arr, reverse=True)
    new_arr = []
    for var in sorted_arr:
        try:
            new_arr.append(dic[var])
        except:
            pass
    return new_arr

```

#include <cassert>
#<INSERT>

int main() {
    auto candidate = by_length;
    assert(candidate((std::vector<long>({(long)2, (long)1, (long)1, (long)4, (long)5, (long)8, (long)2, (long)3}))) == (std::vector<std::string>({(std::string)"Eight", (std::string)"Five", (std::string)"Four", (std::string)"Three", (std::string)"Two", (std::string)"Two", (std::string)"One", (std::string)"One"})));
    assert(candidate((std::vector<long>())) == (std::vector<std::string>()));
    assert(candidate((std::vector<long>({(long)1, (long)-1, (long)55}))) == (std::vector<std::string>({(std::string)"One"})));
    assert(candidate((std::vector<long>({(long)1, (long)-1, (long)3, (long)2}))) == (std::vector<std::string>({(std::string)"Three", (std::string)"Two", (std::string)"One"})));
    assert(candidate((std::vector<long>({(long)9, (long)4, (long)8}))) == (std::vector<std::string>({(std::string)"Nine", (std::string)"Eight", (std::string)"Four"})));
}


#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <any>
#include <variant>
long prime_fib(long n) { exit(0); }

Please convert the following code to C++ with the function signature `long prime_fib(long n)`. Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import necessary headers. Do not generate other code.

```python

def prime_fib(n: int):

    import math

    def is_prime(p):
        if p < 2:
            return False
        for k in range(2, min(int(math.sqrt(p)) + 1, p - 1)):
            if p % k == 0:
                return False
        return True
    f = [0, 1]
    while True:
        f.append(f[-1] + f[-2])
        if is_prime(f[-1]):
            n -= 1
        if n == 0:
            return f[-1]

```

#include <cassert>
#<INSERT>

int main() {
    auto candidate = prime_fib;
    assert(candidate((1)) == (2));
    assert(candidate((2)) == (3));
    assert(candidate((3)) == (5));
    assert(candidate((4)) == (13));
    assert(candidate((5)) == (89));
    assert(candidate((6)) == (233));
    assert(candidate((7)) == (1597));
    assert(candidate((8)) == (28657));
    assert(candidate((9)) == (514229));
    assert(candidate((10)) == (433494437));
}


#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <any>
#include <variant>
std::string make_palindrome(std::string string) { exit(0); }

Please change the following code to cpp implementation with the function signature `std::string make_palindrome(std::string string)`.
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and include the necessary headers, do not generate other code.

```python

def is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:

    return string == string[::-1]

def make_palindrome(string: str) -> str:

    if not string:
        return ''

    beginning_of_suffix = 0

    while not is_palindrome(string[beginning_of_suffix:]):
        beginning_of_suffix += 1

    return string + string[:beginning_of_suffix][::-1]

```

#include <cassert>
#<INSERT>

int main() {
    auto candidate = make_palindrome;
    assert(candidate(("")) == (""));
    assert(candidate(("x")) == ("x"));
    assert(candidate(("xyz")) == ("xyzyx"));
    assert(candidate(("xyx")) == ("xyx"));
    assert(candidate(("jerry")) == ("jerryrrej"));
}


#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <any>
#include <variant>
std::vector<long> factorize(long n) { exit(0); }

Please convert the following code to C++ with the implementation of the function signature `std::vector<long> factorize(long n)`.

Note:
1. Only implement the target function and include necessary headers, do not generate other code.

```python
from typing import List

def factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:

    import math
    fact = []
    i = 2
    while i <= int(math.sqrt(n) + 1):
        if n % i == 0:
            fact.append(i)
            n //= i
        else:
            i += 1

    if n > 1:
        fact.append(n)
    return fact

```

#include <cassert>
#<INSERT>

int main() {
    auto candidate = factorize;
    assert(candidate((2)) == (std::vector<long>({(long)2})));
    assert(candidate((4)) == (std::vector<long>({(long)2, (long)2})));
    assert(candidate((8)) == (std::vector<long>({(long)2, (long)2, (long)2})));
    assert(candidate((57)) == (std::vector<long>({(long)3, (long)19})));
    assert(candidate((3249)) == (std::vector<long>({(long)3, (long)3, (long)19, (long)19})));
    assert(candidate((185193)) == (std::vector<long>({(long)3, (long)3, (long)3, (long)19, (long)19, (long)19})));
    assert(candidate((20577)) == (std::vector<long>({(long)3, (long)19, (long)19, (long)19})));
    assert(candidate((18)) == (std::vector<long>({(long)2, (long)3, (long)3})));
}


#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <any>
#include <variant>
std::vector<std::string> words_string(std::string s) { exit(0); }

Please convert the following code to a cpp implementation, with the function signature `std::vector<std::string> words_string(std::string s)`.
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import the necessary packages, do not generate other code.

```python

def words_string(s):

    if not s:
        return []

    s_list = []

    for letter in s:
        if letter == ',':
            s_list.append(' ')
        else:
            s_list.append(letter)

    s_list = "".join(s_list)
    return s_list.split()

```

#include <cassert>
#<INSERT>

int main() {
    auto candidate = words_string;
    assert(candidate(("Hi, my name is John")) == (std::vector<std::string>({(std::string)"Hi", (std::string)"my", (std::string)"name", (std::string)"is", (std::string)"John"})));
    assert(candidate(("One, two, three, four, five, six")) == (std::vector<std::string>({(std::string)"One", (std::string)"two", (std::string)"three", (std::string)"four", (std::string)"five", (std::string)"six"})));
    assert(candidate(("Hi, my name")) == (std::vector<std::string>({(std::string)"Hi", (std::string)"my", (std::string)"name"})));
    assert(candidate(("One,, two, three, four, five, six,")) == (std::vector<std::string>({(std::string)"One", (std::string)"two", (std::string)"three", (std::string)"four", (std::string)"five", (std::string)"six"})));
    assert(candidate(("")) == (std::vector<std::string>()));
    assert(candidate(("ahmed     , gamal")) == (std::vector<std::string>({(std::string)"ahmed", (std::string)"gamal"})));
}


#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <any>
#include <variant>
std::string solve(std::string s) { exit(0); }

Please convert the following code to C++ with the function signature `std::string solve(std::string s)`.
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and include necessary headers, do not generate any other code.

```cpp

```

#include <cassert>
#<INSERT>

int main() {
    auto candidate = solve;
    assert(candidate(("AsDf")) == ("aSdF"));
    assert(candidate(("1234")) == ("4321"));
    assert(candidate(("ab")) == ("AB"));
    assert(candidate(("#a@C")) == ("#A@c"));
    assert(candidate(("#AsdfW^45")) == ("#aSDFw^45"));
    assert(candidate(("#6@2")) == ("2@6#"));
    assert(candidate(("#$a^D")) == ("#$A^d"));
    assert(candidate(("#ccc")) == ("#CCC"));
}


#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <any>
#include <variant>
long how_many_times(std::string string, std::string substring) { exit(0); }

Please convert the following code into C++ with the function signature `long how_many_times(std::string string, std::string substring)`.
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and include required headers, do not generate additional code.

```python

def how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:

    times = 0

    for i in range(len(string) - len(substring) + 1):
        if string[i:i+len(substring)] == substring:
            times += 1

    return times

```

#include <cassert>
#<INSERT>

int main() {
    auto candidate = how_many_times;
    assert(candidate((""), ("x")) == (0));
    assert(candidate(("xyxyxyx"), ("x")) == (4));
    assert(candidate(("cacacacac"), ("cac")) == (4));
    assert(candidate(("john doe"), ("john")) == (1));
}


#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <any>
#include <variant>
std::vector<long> count_up_to(long n) { exit(0); }

Please convert the following code to use cpp, with the function signature `std::vector<long> count_up_to(long n)`.

Note:
1. Only implement the target function and include necessary headers, do not generate other code.

```python

def count_up_to(n):

    primes = []
    for i in range(2, n):
        is_prime = True
        for j in range(2, i):
            if i % j == 0:
                is_prime = False
                break
        if is_prime:
            primes.append(i)
    return primes

```

#include <cassert>
#<INSERT>

int main() {
    auto candidate = count_up_to;
    assert(candidate((5)) == (std::vector<long>({(long)2, (long)3})));
    assert(candidate((6)) == (std::vector<long>({(long)2, (long)3, (long)5})));
    assert(candidate((7)) == (std::vector<long>({(long)2, (long)3, (long)5})));
    assert(candidate((10)) == (std::vector<long>({(long)2, (long)3, (long)5, (long)7})));
    assert(candidate((0)) == (std::vector<long>()));
    assert(candidate((22)) == (std::vector<long>({(long)2, (long)3, (long)5, (long)7, (long)11, (long)13, (long)17, (long)19})));
    assert(candidate((1)) == (std::vector<long>()));
    assert(candidate((18)) == (std::vector<long>({(long)2, (long)3, (long)5, (long)7, (long)11, (long)13, (long)17})));
    assert(candidate((47)) == (std::vector<long>({(long)2, (long)3, (long)5, (long)7, (long)11, (long)13, (long)17, (long)19, (long)23, (long)29, (long)31, (long)37, (long)41, (long)43})));
    assert(candidate((101)) == (std::vector<long>({(long)2, (long)3, (long)5, (long)7, (long)11, (long)13, (long)17, (long)19, (long)23, (long)29, (long)31, (long)37, (long)41, (long)43, (long)47, (long)53, (long)59, (long)61, (long)67, (long)71, (long)73, (long)79, (long)83, (long)89, (long)97})));
}


#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <any>
#include <variant>
long do_algebra(std::vector<std::string> op, std::vector<long> operand) { exit(0); }

Please convert the following code to cpp, with the function signature `long do_algebra(std::vector<std::string> op, std::vector<long> operand)`. Note: 1. Implement only the target function and include the necessary headers, do not generate any other code.

```cpp

```

#include <cassert>
#<INSERT>

int main() {
    auto candidate = do_algebra;
    assert(candidate((std::vector<std::string>({(std::string)"**", (std::string)"*", (std::string)"+"})), (std::vector<long>({(long)2, (long)3, (long)4, (long)5}))) == (37));
    assert(candidate((std::vector<std::string>({(std::string)"+", (std::string)"*", (std::string)"-"})), (std::vector<long>({(long)2, (long)3, (long)4, (long)5}))) == (9));
    assert(candidate((std::vector<std::string>({(std::string)"//", (std::string)"*"})), (std::vector<long>({(long)7, (long)3, (long)4}))) == (8));
}


#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <any>
#include <variant>
std::vector<long> strange_sort_list(std::vector<long> lst) { exit(0); }

Please implement the following code using cpp with the function signature `std::vector<long> strange_sort_list(std::vector<long> lst)`.
Note:
1. You only need to implement the target function and include necessary headers, do not generate any other code.

```cpp

```

#include <cassert>
#<INSERT>

int main() {
    auto candidate = strange_sort_list;
    assert(candidate((std::vector<long>({(long)1, (long)2, (long)3, (long)4}))) == (std::vector<long>({(long)1, (long)4, (long)2, (long)3})));
    assert(candidate((std::vector<long>({(long)5, (long)6, (long)7, (long)8, (long)9}))) == (std::vector<long>({(long)5, (long)9, (long)6, (long)8, (long)7})));
    assert(candidate((std::vector<long>({(long)1, (long)2, (long)3, (long)4, (long)5}))) == (std::vector<long>({(long)1, (long)5, (long)2, (long)4, (long)3})));
    assert(candidate((std::vector<long>({(long)5, (long)6, (long)7, (long)8, (long)9, (long)1}))) == (std::vector<long>({(long)1, (long)9, (long)5, (long)8, (long)6, (long)7})));
    assert(candidate((std::vector<long>({(long)5, (long)5, (long)5, (long)5}))) == (std::vector<long>({(long)5, (long)5, (long)5, (long)5})));
    assert(candidate((std::vector<long>())) == (std::vector<long>()));
    assert(candidate((std::vector<long>({(long)1, (long)2, (long)3, (long)4, (long)5, (long)6, (long)7, (long)8}))) == (std::vector<long>({(long)1, (long)8, (long)2, (long)7, (long)3, (long)6, (long)4, (long)5})));
    assert(candidate((std::vector<long>({(long)0, (long)2, (long)2, (long)2, (long)5, (long)5, (long)-5, (long)-5}))) == (std::vector<long>({(long)-5, (long)5, (long)-5, (long)5, (long)0, (long)2, (long)2, (long)2})));
    assert(candidate((std::vector<long>({(long)111111}))) == (std::vector<long>({(long)111111})));
}


#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <any>
#include <variant>
long fizz_buzz(long n) { exit(0); }

Please change the following code to a C++ implementation with the function signature `long fizz_buzz(long n)`. Note:
1. Only implement the target function and include the necessary headers, do not generate other code

```python

def fizz_buzz(n: int):

    ns = []
    for i in range(n):
        if i % 11 == 0 or i % 13 == 0:
            ns.append(i)
    s = ''.join(list(map(str, ns)))
    ans = 0
    for c in s:
        ans += (c == '7')
    return ans

```

#include <cassert>
#<INSERT>

int main() {
    auto candidate = fizz_buzz;
    assert(candidate((50)) == (0));
    assert(candidate((78)) == (2));
    assert(candidate((79)) == (3));
    assert(candidate((100)) == (3));
    assert(candidate((200)) == (6));
    assert(candidate((4000)) == (192));
    assert(candidate((10000)) == (639));
    assert(candidate((100000)) == (8026));
}


#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <any>
#include <variant>
bool is_simple_power(long x, long n) { exit(0); }

Please convert the following code to cpp with the function signature `bool is_simple_power(long x, long n)`.
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and include necessary libraries, do not generate other code.

```python

def is_simple_power(x, n):

    if (n == 1):
        return (x == 1)
    power = 1
    while (power < x):
        power = power * n
    return (power == x)

```

#include <cassert>
#<INSERT>

int main() {
    auto candidate = is_simple_power;
    assert(candidate((16), (2)) == (true));
    assert(candidate((143214), (16)) == (false));
    assert(candidate((4), (2)) == (true));
    assert(candidate((9), (3)) == (true));
    assert(candidate((16), (4)) == (true));
    assert(candidate((24), (2)) == (false));
    assert(candidate((128), (4)) == (false));
    assert(candidate((12), (6)) == (false));
    assert(candidate((1), (1)) == (true));
    assert(candidate((1), (12)) == (true));
}


#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <any>
#include <variant>
std::vector<long> sort_array(std::vector<long> array) { exit(0); }

Please implement the following code in cpp with the function signature `std::vector<long> sort_array(std::vector<long> array)`.
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import the necessary packages, do not generate any other code.

```python

def sort_array(array):

    return [] if len(array) == 0 else sorted(array, reverse= (array[0]+array[-1]) % 2 == 0)

```

#include <cassert>
#<INSERT>

int main() {
    auto candidate = sort_array;
    assert(candidate((std::vector<long>())) == (std::vector<long>()));
    assert(candidate((std::vector<long>({(long)5}))) == (std::vector<long>({(long)5})));
    assert(candidate((std::vector<long>({(long)2, (long)4, (long)3, (long)0, (long)1, (long)5}))) == (std::vector<long>({(long)0, (long)1, (long)2, (long)3, (long)4, (long)5})));
    assert(candidate((std::vector<long>({(long)2, (long)4, (long)3, (long)0, (long)1, (long)5, (long)6}))) == (std::vector<long>({(long)6, (long)5, (long)4, (long)3, (long)2, (long)1, (long)0})));
    assert(candidate((std::vector<long>({(long)2, (long)1}))) == (std::vector<long>({(long)1, (long)2})));
    assert(candidate((std::vector<long>({(long)15, (long)42, (long)87, (long)32, (long)11, (long)0}))) == (std::vector<long>({(long)0, (long)11, (long)15, (long)32, (long)42, (long)87})));
    assert(candidate((std::vector<long>({(long)21, (long)14, (long)23, (long)11}))) == (std::vector<long>({(long)23, (long)21, (long)14, (long)11})));
}


import core.stdc.stdlib;
long[] parse_music(string music_string)
{
    exit(0);
}

Please change the following code to be implemented in D, with the function signature `long[] parse_music(string music_string)`
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import the necessary packages, do not generate other code

```python
from typing import List

def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:

    note_map = {'o': 4, 'o|': 2, '.|': 1}
    return [note_map[x] for x in music_string.split(' ') if x]

```

#<INSERT>
unittest
{
    alias candidate = parse_music;

    assert(candidate("") == []);
    assert(candidate("o o o o") == [4L, 4L, 4L, 4L]);
    assert(candidate(".| .| .| .|") == [1L, 1L, 1L, 1L]);
    assert(candidate("o| o| .| .| o o o o") == [2L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L]);
    assert(candidate("o| .| o| .| o o| o o|") == [2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 4L, 2L, 4L, 2L]);
}
void main(){}


#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <any>
#include <variant>
std::vector<long> derivative(std::vector<long> xs) { exit(0); }

Please implement the following code in C++ with the function signature:

`std::vector<long> derivative(std::vector<long> xs)`

Notes:
1. Only implement the target function and include the necessary headers. Do not generate any additional code.

```python

def derivative(xs: list):

    return [(i * x) for i, x in enumerate(xs)][1:]

```

#include <cassert>
#<INSERT>

int main() {
    auto candidate = derivative;
    assert(candidate((std::vector<long>({(long)3, (long)1, (long)2, (long)4, (long)5}))) == (std::vector<long>({(long)1, (long)4, (long)12, (long)20})));
    assert(candidate((std::vector<long>({(long)1, (long)2, (long)3}))) == (std::vector<long>({(long)2, (long)6})));
    assert(candidate((std::vector<long>({(long)3, (long)2, (long)1}))) == (std::vector<long>({(long)2, (long)2})));
    assert(candidate((std::vector<long>({(long)3, (long)2, (long)1, (long)0, (long)4}))) == (std::vector<long>({(long)2, (long)2, (long)0, (long)16})));
    assert(candidate((std::vector<long>({(long)1}))) == (std::vector<long>()));
}


#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <any>
#include <variant>
long largest_divisor(long n) { exit(0); }

Please convert the following code to use cpp implementation with the function signature `long largest_divisor(long n)`.
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and include necessary headers, do not generate additional code.

```python

def largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:

    for i in reversed(range(n)):
        if n % i == 0:
            return i

```

#include <cassert>
#<INSERT>

int main() {
    auto candidate = largest_divisor;
    assert(candidate((3)) == (1));
    assert(candidate((7)) == (1));
    assert(candidate((10)) == (5));
    assert(candidate((100)) == (50));
    assert(candidate((49)) == (7));
}


import core.stdc.stdlib;
string encrypt(string s)
{
    exit(0);
}

Please implement the following code using D, with the function signature `string encrypt(string s)`.
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import necessary packages; do not generate other code.

```python

def encrypt(s):

    d = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
    out = ''
    for c in s:
        if c in d:
            out += d[(d.index(c)+2*2) % 26]
        else:
            out += c
    return out

```

#<INSERT>
unittest
{
    alias candidate = encrypt;

    assert(candidate("hi") == "lm");
    assert(candidate("asdfghjkl") == "ewhjklnop");
    assert(candidate("gf") == "kj");
    assert(candidate("et") == "ix");
    assert(candidate("faewfawefaewg") == "jeiajeaijeiak");
    assert(candidate("hellomyfriend") == "lippsqcjvmirh");
    assert(candidate("dxzdlmnilfuhmilufhlihufnmlimnufhlimnufhfucufh") == "hbdhpqrmpjylqmpyjlpmlyjrqpmqryjlpmqryjljygyjl");
    assert(candidate("a") == "e");
}
void main(){}


import core.stdc.stdlib;
long fibfib(long n)
{
    exit(0);
}

Please translate the following code into D, with the function signature as `long fibfib(long n)`.
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import necessary packages, do not generate any other code.

```python

def fibfib(n: int):

    if n == 0:
        return 0
    if n == 1:
        return 0
    if n == 2:
        return 1
    return fibfib(n - 1) + fibfib(n - 2) + fibfib(n - 3)

```

#<INSERT>
unittest
{
    alias candidate = fibfib;

    assert(candidate(2L) == 1L);
    assert(candidate(1L) == 0L);
    assert(candidate(5L) == 4L);
    assert(candidate(8L) == 24L);
    assert(candidate(10L) == 81L);
    assert(candidate(12L) == 274L);
    assert(candidate(14L) == 927L);
}
void main(){}


#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <any>
#include <variant>
std::string solve(long N) { exit(0); }

Please convert the following code into cpp, with the function signature as `std::string solve(long N)`. Note:
1. Only implement the target function and include necessary packages; do not generate any other code.

```cpp

std::string solve(long N) {

    return std::bitset<64>(std::to_string(N)).to_string().substr(2);
}

```

#include <cassert>
#<INSERT>

int main() {
    auto candidate = solve;
    assert(candidate((1000)) == ("1"));
    assert(candidate((150)) == ("110"));
    assert(candidate((147)) == ("1100"));
    assert(candidate((333)) == ("1001"));
    assert(candidate((963)) == ("10010"));
}


import core.stdc.stdlib;
long double_the_difference(float[] lst)
{
    exit(0);
}

Please implement the following code in D with a function signature of `long double_the_difference(float[] lst)`.

Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import necessary packages, do not generate any other code.

```python

def double_the_difference(lst):

    return sum([i**2 for i in lst if i > 0 and i%2!=0 and "." not in str(i)])

```


import core.stdc.stdlib;
string decimal_to_binary(long decimal)
{
    exit(0);
}

Please implement the following code using D language, with the function signature `string decimal_to_binary(long decimal)`. Note:

1. Only implement the target function and import necessary packages, do not generate additional code.

```d

```

#<INSERT>
unittest
{
    alias candidate = decimal_to_binary;

    assert(candidate(0L) == "db0db");
    assert(candidate(32L) == "db100000db");
    assert(candidate(103L) == "db1100111db");
    assert(candidate(15L) == "db1111db");
}
void main(){}


import core.stdc.stdlib;
long add(long[] lst)
{
    exit(0);
}

Please implement the following code using D, with the function signature `long add(long[] lst)`.
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import necessary packages, do not generate other code.

```python

def add(lst):

    return sum([lst[i] for i in range(1, len(lst), 2) if lst[i]%2 == 0])

```

#<INSERT>
unittest
{
    alias candidate = add;

    assert(candidate([4L, 88L]) == 88L);
    assert(candidate([4L, 5L, 6L, 7L, 2L, 122L]) == 122L);
    assert(candidate([4L, 0L, 6L, 7L]) == 0L);
    assert(candidate([4L, 4L, 6L, 8L]) == 12L);
}
void main(){}


def findClosestElements(numbers : List[Float]) : Tuple2[Float, Float] = {
    sys.exit(0)
}

Please modify the following code to implement it in Scala, with the function signature `findClosestElements(numbers : List[Float]) : Tuple2[Float, Float]`
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import the necessary packages, do not generate any other code.

```python
from typing import List, Tuple

def find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:

    closest_pair = None
    distance = None

    for idx, elem in enumerate(numbers):
        for idx2, elem2 in enumerate(numbers):
            if idx != idx2:
                if distance is None:
                    distance = abs(elem - elem2)
                    closest_pair = tuple(sorted([elem, elem2]))
                else:
                    new_distance = abs(elem - elem2)
                    if new_distance < distance:
                        distance = new_distance
                        closest_pair = tuple(sorted([elem, elem2]))

    return closest_pair

```

import scala.math._
import scala.collection.mutable._
object Problem {
    // From a supplied list of numbers (of length at least two) select and return two that are the closest to each
    // other and return them in order (smaller number, larger number).
    // >>> findClosestElements((List[Float](1.0f.toFloat, 2.0f.toFloat, 3.0f.toFloat, 4.0f.toFloat, 5.0f.toFloat, 2.2f.toFloat)))
    // ((2.0f, 2.2f))
    // >>> findClosestElements((List[Float](1.0f.toFloat, 2.0f.toFloat, 3.0f.toFloat, 4.0f.toFloat, 5.0f.toFloat, 2.0f.toFloat)))
    // ((2.0f, 2.0f))
#<INSERT>
    def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    assert(findClosestElements((List[Float](1.0f.toFloat, 2.0f.toFloat, 3.9f.toFloat, 4.0f.toFloat, 5.0f.toFloat, 2.2f.toFloat))).equals(((3.9f, 4.0f))));
    assert(findClosestElements((List[Float](1.0f.toFloat, 2.0f.toFloat, 5.9f.toFloat, 4.0f.toFloat, 5.0f.toFloat))).equals(((5.0f, 5.9f))));
    assert(findClosestElements((List[Float](1.0f.toFloat, 2.0f.toFloat, 3.0f.toFloat, 4.0f.toFloat, 5.0f.toFloat, 2.2f.toFloat))).equals(((2.0f, 2.2f))));
    assert(findClosestElements((List[Float](1.0f.toFloat, 2.0f.toFloat, 3.0f.toFloat, 4.0f.toFloat, 5.0f.toFloat, 2.0f.toFloat))).equals(((2.0f, 2.0f))));
    assert(findClosestElements((List[Float](1.1f.toFloat, 2.2f.toFloat, 3.1f.toFloat, 4.1f.toFloat, 5.1f.toFloat))).equals(((2.2f, 3.1f))));
    }

}


def evenOddPalindrome(n : Long) : Tuple2[Long, Long] = {
    sys.exit(0)
}

Please convert the following code to Scala, with the function signature `evenOddPalindrome(n: Long): Tuple2[Long, Long]`.
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import necessary packages; do not generate other code.

```python

def even_odd_palindrome(n):

    def is_palindrome(n):
        return str(n) == str(n)[::-1]

    even_palindrome_count = 0
    odd_palindrome_count = 0

    for i in range(1, n+1):
        if i%2 == 1 and is_palindrome(i):
                odd_palindrome_count += 1
        elif i%2 == 0 and is_palindrome(i):
            even_palindrome_count += 1
    return (even_palindrome_count, odd_palindrome_count)

```

import scala.math._
import scala.collection.mutable._
object Problem {
    // Given a positive integer n, return a tuple that has the number of even and odd
    // integer palindromes that fall within the range(1, n), inclusive.
    // Example 1:
    // >>> evenOddPalindrome((3l))
    // ((1l, 2l))
    // Explanation:
    // Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3. one of them is even, and two of them are odd.
    // Example 2:
    // >>> evenOddPalindrome((12l))
    // ((4l, 6l))
    // Explanation:
    // Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11. four of them are even, and 6 of them are odd.
    // Note:
    // 1. 1 <= n <= 10^3
    // 2. returned tuple has the number of even and odd integer palindromes respectively.
#<INSERT>
    def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    assert(evenOddPalindrome((123l)).equals(((8l, 13l))));
    assert(evenOddPalindrome((12l)).equals(((4l, 6l))));
    assert(evenOddPalindrome((3l)).equals(((1l, 2l))));
    assert(evenOddPalindrome((63l)).equals(((6l, 8l))));
    assert(evenOddPalindrome((25l)).equals(((5l, 6l))));
    assert(evenOddPalindrome((19l)).equals(((4l, 6l))));
    assert(evenOddPalindrome((9l)).equals(((4l, 5l))));
    assert(evenOddPalindrome((1l)).equals(((0l, 1l))));
    }

}


def byLength(arr : List[Long]) : List[String] = {
    sys.exit(0)
}

Please implement the following code using Scala, with the function signature `byLength(arr : List[Long]) : List[String]`.
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import necessary packages, do not generate additional code.

```python

def by_length(arr):

    dic = {
        1: "One",
        2: "Two",
        3: "Three",
        4: "Four",
        5: "Five",
        6: "Six",
        7: "Seven",
        8: "Eight",
        9: "Nine",
    }
    sorted_arr = sorted(arr, reverse=True)
    new_arr = []
    for var in sorted_arr:
        try:
            new_arr.append(dic[var])
        except:
            pass
    return new_arr

```

import scala.math._
import scala.collection.mutable._
object Problem {
    // Given a list of integers, sort the integers that are between 1 and 9 inclusive,
    // reverse the resulting list, and then replace each digit by its corresponding name from
    // "One", "Two", "Three", "Four", "Five", "Six", "Seven", "Eight", "Nine".
    // For example:
    // >>> byLength((List[Long](2l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 8l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong)))
    // (List[String]("Eight", "Five", "Four", "Three", "Two", "Two", "One", "One"))
    // If the list is empty, return an empty list:
    // >>> byLength((List[Long]()))
    // (List[String]())
    // If the list has any strange number ignore it:
    // >>> byLength((List[Long](1l.toLong, -1l.toLong, 55l.toLong)))
    // (List[String]("One"))
#<INSERT>
    def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    assert(byLength((List[Long](2l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 8l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong))).equals((List[String]("Eight", "Five", "Four", "Three", "Two", "Two", "One", "One"))));
    assert(byLength((List[Long]())).equals((List[String]())));
    assert(byLength((List[Long](1l.toLong, -1l.toLong, 55l.toLong))).equals((List[String]("One"))));
    assert(byLength((List[Long](1l.toLong, -1l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 2l.toLong))).equals((List[String]("Three", "Two", "One"))));
    assert(byLength((List[Long](9l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 8l.toLong))).equals((List[String]("Nine", "Eight", "Four"))));
    }

}


def isSorted(lst : List[Long]) : Boolean = {
    sys.exit(0)
}

Please implement the following code in Scala with the function signature `isSorted(lst : List[Long]) : Boolean`
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import necessary packages, do not generate any other code

```python

def is_sorted(lst):

    count_digit = dict([(i, 0) for i in lst])
    for i in lst:
        count_digit[i]+=1
    if any(count_digit[i] > 2 for i in lst):
        return False
    if all(lst[i-1] <= lst[i] for i in range(1, len(lst))):
        return True
    else:
        return False

```

import scala.math._
import scala.collection.mutable._
object Problem {
    // Given a list of numbers, return whether or not they are sorted
    // in ascending order. If list has more than 1 duplicate of the same
    // number, return false. Assume no negative numbers and only integers.
    // Examples
    // >>> isSorted((List[Long](5l.toLong)))
    // (true)
    // >>> isSorted((List[Long](1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 5l.toLong)))
    // (true)
    // >>> isSorted((List[Long](1l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 5l.toLong)))
    // (false)
    // >>> isSorted((List[Long](1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 6l.toLong)))
    // (true)
    // >>> isSorted((List[Long](1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 6l.toLong, 7l.toLong)))
    // (true)
    // >>> isSorted((List[Long](1l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 6l.toLong, 7l.toLong)))
    // (false)
    // >>> isSorted((List[Long](1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 4l.toLong)))
    // (true)
    // >>> isSorted((List[Long](1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 4l.toLong)))
    // (false)
#<INSERT>
    def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    assert(isSorted((List[Long](5l.toLong))) == (true));
    assert(isSorted((List[Long](1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 5l.toLong))) == (true));
    assert(isSorted((List[Long](1l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 5l.toLong))) == (false));
    assert(isSorted((List[Long](1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 6l.toLong))) == (true));
    assert(isSorted((List[Long](1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 6l.toLong, 7l.toLong))) == (true));
    assert(isSorted((List[Long](1l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 6l.toLong, 7l.toLong))) == (false));
    assert(isSorted((List[Long]())) == (true));
    assert(isSorted((List[Long](1l.toLong))) == (true));
    assert(isSorted((List[Long](3l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 1l.toLong))) == (false));
    assert(isSorted((List[Long](1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 4l.toLong))) == (false));
    assert(isSorted((List[Long](1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 4l.toLong))) == (false));
    assert(isSorted((List[Long](1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 4l.toLong))) == (true));
    assert(isSorted((List[Long](1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 4l.toLong))) == (true));
    }

}


def factorize(n : Long) : List[Long] = {
    sys.exit(0)
}

Please implement the following code in Scala, with the function signature `factorize(n : Long) : List[Long]`
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import necessary packages, do not generate additional code.

```python
from typing import List

def factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:

    import math
    fact = []
    i = 2
    while i <= int(math.sqrt(n) + 1):
        if n % i == 0:
            fact.append(i)
            n //= i
        else:
            i += 1

    if n > 1:
        fact.append(n)
    return fact

```

import scala.math._
import scala.collection.mutable._
object Problem {
    // Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.
    // Each of the factors should be listed number of times corresponding to how many times it appeares in factorization.
    // Input number should be equal to the product of all factors
    // >>> factorize((8l))
    // (List[Long](2l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 2l.toLong))
    // >>> factorize((25l))
    // (List[Long](5l.toLong, 5l.toLong))
    // >>> factorize((70l))
    // (List[Long](2l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 7l.toLong))
#<INSERT>
    def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    assert(factorize((2l)).equals((List[Long](2l.toLong))));
    assert(factorize((4l)).equals((List[Long](2l.toLong, 2l.toLong))));
    assert(factorize((8l)).equals((List[Long](2l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 2l.toLong))));
    assert(factorize((57l)).equals((List[Long](3l.toLong, 19l.toLong))));
    assert(factorize((3249l)).equals((List[Long](3l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 19l.toLong, 19l.toLong))));
    assert(factorize((185193l)).equals((List[Long](3l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 19l.toLong, 19l.toLong, 19l.toLong))));
    assert(factorize((20577l)).equals((List[Long](3l.toLong, 19l.toLong, 19l.toLong, 19l.toLong))));
    assert(factorize((18l)).equals((List[Long](2l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 3l.toLong))));
    }

}


def solve(s : String) : String = {
    sys.exit(0)
}

Please convert the following code into Scala with the function signature `solve(s: String): String`.
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import the necessary packages, do not generate other code.

```python

def solve(s):

    flg = 0
    idx = 0
    new_str = list(s)
    for i in s:
        if i.isalpha():
            new_str[idx] = i.swapcase()
            flg = 1
        idx += 1
    s = ""
    for i in new_str:
        s += i
    if flg == 0:
        return s[len(s)::-1]
    return s

```

import scala.math._
import scala.collection.mutable._
object Problem {
    // You are given a string s.
    // if s[i] is a letter, reverse its case from lower to upper or vise versa,
    // otherwise keep it as it is.
    // If the string contains no letters, reverse the string.
    // The function should return the resulted string.
    // Examples
    // >>> solve(("1234"))
    // ("4321")
    // >>> solve(("ab"))
    // ("AB")
    // >>> solve(("#a@C"))
    // ("#A@c")
#<INSERT>
    def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    assert(solve(("AsDf")).equals(("aSdF")));
    assert(solve(("1234")).equals(("4321")));
    assert(solve(("ab")).equals(("AB")));
    assert(solve(("#a@C")).equals(("#A@c")));
    assert(solve(("#AsdfW^45")).equals(("#aSDFw^45")));
    assert(solve(("#6@2")).equals(("2@6#")));
    assert(solve(("#$a^D")).equals(("#$A^d")));
    assert(solve(("#ccc")).equals(("#CCC")));
    }

}


def wordsString(s : String) : List[String] = {
    sys.exit(0)
}

Please convert the following code into Scala implementation, with the function signature `wordsString(s: String): List[String]`.
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import necessary packages, do not generate other code.

```python

def words_string(s):

    if not s:
        return []

    s_list = []

    for letter in s:
        if letter == ',':
            s_list.append(' ')
        else:
            s_list.append(letter)

    s_list = "".join(s_list)
    return s_list.split()

```

import scala.math._
import scala.collection.mutable._
object Problem {
    // You will be given a string of words separated by commas or spaces. Your task is
    // to split the string into words and return a list of the words.
    // For example:
    // >>> wordsString(("Hi, my name is John"))
    // (List[String]("Hi", "my", "name", "is", "John"))
    // >>> wordsString(("One, two, three, four, five, six"))
    // (List[String]("One", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six"))
#<INSERT>
    def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    assert(wordsString(("Hi, my name is John")).equals((List[String]("Hi", "my", "name", "is", "John"))));
    assert(wordsString(("One, two, three, four, five, six")).equals((List[String]("One", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six"))));
    assert(wordsString(("Hi, my name")).equals((List[String]("Hi", "my", "name"))));
    assert(wordsString(("One,, two, three, four, five, six,")).equals((List[String]("One", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six"))));
    assert(wordsString(("")).equals((List[String]())));
    assert(wordsString(("ahmed     , gamal")).equals((List[String]("ahmed", "gamal"))));
    }

}


def oddCount(lst : List[String]) : List[String] = {
    sys.exit(0)
}

Please convert the following code into Scala, with the function signature `oddCount(lst : List[String]) : List[String]`
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import necessary packages, do not generate other code

```scala

def odd_count(lst):

    res = []
    for arr in lst:
        n = sum(int(d)%2==1 for d in arr)
        res.append("the number of odd elements " + str(n) + "n the str"+ str(n) +"ng "+ str(n) +" of the "+ str(n) +"nput.")
    return res

```

import scala.math._
import scala.collection.mutable._
object Problem {
    // Given a list of strings, where each string consists of only digits, return a list.
    // Each element i of the output should be "the number of odd elements in the
    // string i of the input." where all the i's should be replaced by the number
    // of odd digits in the i'th string of the input.
    // >>> oddCount((List[String]("1234567")))
    // (List[String]("the number of odd elements 4n the str4ng 4 of the 4nput."))
    // >>> oddCount((List[String]("3", "11111111")))
    // (List[String]("the number of odd elements 1n the str1ng 1 of the 1nput.", "the number of odd elements 8n the str8ng 8 of the 8nput."))
#<INSERT>
    def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    assert(oddCount((List[String]("1234567"))).equals((List[String]("the number of odd elements 4n the str4ng 4 of the 4nput."))));
    assert(oddCount((List[String]("3", "11111111"))).equals((List[String]("the number of odd elements 1n the str1ng 1 of the 1nput.", "the number of odd elements 8n the str8ng 8 of the 8nput."))));
    assert(oddCount((List[String]("271", "137", "314"))).equals((List[String]("the number of odd elements 2n the str2ng 2 of the 2nput.", "the number of odd elements 3n the str3ng 3 of the 3nput.", "the number of odd elements 2n the str2ng 2 of the 2nput."))));
    }

}


def orderByPoints(nums : List[Long]) : List[Long] = {
    sys.exit(0)
}

Please implement the following code in Scala with the function signature `orderByPoints(nums: List[Long]): List[Long]`.
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import necessary packages, do not generate other code.

```python

def order_by_points(nums):

    def digits_sum(n):
        neg = 1
        if n < 0: n, neg = -1 * n, -1
        n = [int(i) for i in str(n)]
        n[0] = n[0] * neg
        return sum(n)
    return sorted(nums, key=digits_sum)

```

import scala.math._
import scala.collection.mutable._
object Problem {
    // Write a function which sorts the given list of integers
    // in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.
    // Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,
    // order them based on their index in original list.
    // For example:
    // >>> orderByPoints((List[Long](1l.toLong, 11l.toLong, -1l.toLong, -11l.toLong, -12l.toLong)))
    // (List[Long](-1l.toLong, -11l.toLong, 1l.toLong, -12l.toLong, 11l.toLong))
    // >>> orderByPoints((List[Long]()))
    // (List[Long]())
#<INSERT>
    def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    assert(orderByPoints((List[Long](1l.toLong, 11l.toLong, -1l.toLong, -11l.toLong, -12l.toLong))).equals((List[Long](-1l.toLong, -11l.toLong, 1l.toLong, -12l.toLong, 11l.toLong))));
    assert(orderByPoints((List[Long](1234l.toLong, 423l.toLong, 463l.toLong, 145l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 423l.toLong, 423l.toLong, 53l.toLong, 6l.toLong, 37l.toLong, 3457l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 56l.toLong, 0l.toLong, 46l.toLong))).equals((List[Long](0l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 6l.toLong, 53l.toLong, 423l.toLong, 423l.toLong, 423l.toLong, 1234l.toLong, 145l.toLong, 37l.toLong, 46l.toLong, 56l.toLong, 463l.toLong, 3457l.toLong))));
    assert(orderByPoints((List[Long]())).equals((List[Long]())));
    assert(orderByPoints((List[Long](1l.toLong, -11l.toLong, -32l.toLong, 43l.toLong, 54l.toLong, -98l.toLong, 2l.toLong, -3l.toLong))).equals((List[Long](-3l.toLong, -32l.toLong, -98l.toLong, -11l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 43l.toLong, 54l.toLong))));
    assert(orderByPoints((List[Long](1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 6l.toLong, 7l.toLong, 8l.toLong, 9l.toLong, 10l.toLong, 11l.toLong))).equals((List[Long](1l.toLong, 10l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 11l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 6l.toLong, 7l.toLong, 8l.toLong, 9l.toLong))));
    assert(orderByPoints((List[Long](0l.toLong, 6l.toLong, 6l.toLong, -76l.toLong, -21l.toLong, 23l.toLong, 4l.toLong))).equals((List[Long](-76l.toLong, -21l.toLong, 0l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 23l.toLong, 6l.toLong, 6l.toLong))));
    }

}


def f(n : Long) : List[Long] = {
    sys.exit(0)
}

Please convert the following code to Scala, with the function signature `f(n: Long): List[Long]`.
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import the necessary packages, do not generate other code.

```python

def f(n):

    ret = []
    for i in range(1,n+1):
        if i%2 == 0:
            x = 1
            for j in range(1,i+1): x *= j
            ret += [x]
        else:
            x = 0
            for j in range(1,i+1): x += j
            ret += [x]
    return ret

```

import scala.math._
import scala.collection.mutable._
object Problem {
    // Implement the function f that takes n as a parameter,
    // and returns a list of size n, such that the value of the element at index i is the factorial of i if i is even
    // or the sum of numbers from 1 to i otherwise.
    // i starts from 1.
    // the factorial of i is the multiplication of the numbers from 1 to i (1 * 2 * ... * i).
    // Example:
    // >>> f((5l))
    // (List[Long](1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 6l.toLong, 24l.toLong, 15l.toLong))
#<INSERT>
    def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    assert(f((5l)).equals((List[Long](1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 6l.toLong, 24l.toLong, 15l.toLong))));
    assert(f((7l)).equals((List[Long](1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 6l.toLong, 24l.toLong, 15l.toLong, 720l.toLong, 28l.toLong))));
    assert(f((1l)).equals((List[Long](1l.toLong))));
    assert(f((3l)).equals((List[Long](1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 6l.toLong))));
    }

}


def triangleArea(a : Long, b : Long, c : Long) : Float = {
    sys.exit(0)
}

Please convert the following code to Scala, with the function signature `triangleArea(a: Long, b: Long, c: Long): Float`.
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import necessary packages, do not generate other code.

```scala

def triangleArea(a: Long, b: Long, c: Long): Float = {

    if (a + b <= c || a + c <= b || b + c <= a) {
        return -1
    }
    val s = (a + b + c) / 2.0
    val area = math.sqrt(s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c))
    return BigDecimal(area).setScale(2, BigDecimal.RoundingMode.HALF_UP).toFloat
}

```

import scala.math._
import scala.collection.mutable._
object Problem {
    // Given the lengths of the three sides of a triangle. Return the area of
    // the triangle rounded to 2 decimal points if the three sides form a valid triangle.
    // Otherwise return -1
    // Three sides make a valid triangle when the sum of any two sides is greater
    // than the third side.
    // Example:
    // >>> triangleArea((3l), (4l), (5l))
    // (6.0f)
    // >>> triangleArea((1l), (2l), (10l))
    // -1l
#<INSERT>
    def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    assert(triangleArea((3l), (4l), (5l)) == (6.0f));
    assert(triangleArea((1l), (2l), (10l)) == -1l);
    assert(triangleArea((4l), (8l), (5l)) == (8.18f));
    assert(triangleArea((2l), (2l), (2l)) == (1.73f));
    assert(triangleArea((1l), (2l), (3l)) == -1l);
    assert(triangleArea((10l), (5l), (7l)) == (16.25f));
    assert(triangleArea((2l), (6l), (3l)) == -1l);
    assert(triangleArea((1l), (1l), (1l)) == (0.43f));
    assert(triangleArea((2l), (2l), (10l)) == -1l);
    }

}


def tri(n : Long) : List[Long] = {
    sys.exit(0)
}

Please convert the following code to Scala, with the function signature as `tri(n : Long) : List[Long]`
Note:
1. You only need to implement the target function and import necessary packages, do not generate other code

```python

def tri(n):

    if n == 0:
        return [1]
    my_tri = [1, 3]
    for i in range(2, n + 1):
        if i % 2 == 0:
            my_tri.append(i / 2 + 1)
        else:
            my_tri.append(my_tri[i - 1] + my_tri[i - 2] + (i + 3) / 2)
    return my_tri

```

import scala.math._
import scala.collection.mutable._
object Problem {
    // Everyone knows Fibonacci sequence, it was studied deeply by mathematicians in
    // the last couple centuries. However, what people don't know is Tribonacci sequence.
    // Tribonacci sequence is defined by the recurrence:
    // tri(1) = 3
    // tri(n) = 1 + n / 2, if n is even.
    // tri(n) =  tri(n - 1) + tri(n - 2) + tri(n + 1), if n is odd.
    // For example:
    // tri(2) = 1 + (2 / 2) = 2
    // tri(4) = 3
    // tri(3) = tri(2) + tri(1) + tri(4)
    // = 2 + 3 + 3 = 8
    // You are given a non-negative integer number n, you have to a return a list of the
    // first n + 1 numbers of the Tribonacci sequence.
    // Examples:
    // >>> tri((3l))
    // (List[Long](1l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 8l.toLong))
#<INSERT>
    def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    assert(tri((3l)).equals((List[Long](1l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 8l.toLong))));
    assert(tri((4l)).equals((List[Long](1l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 8l.toLong, 3l.toLong))));
    assert(tri((5l)).equals((List[Long](1l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 8l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 15l.toLong))));
    assert(tri((6l)).equals((List[Long](1l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 8l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 15l.toLong, 4l.toLong))));
    assert(tri((7l)).equals((List[Long](1l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 8l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 15l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 24l.toLong))));
    assert(tri((8l)).equals((List[Long](1l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 8l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 15l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 24l.toLong, 5l.toLong))));
    assert(tri((9l)).equals((List[Long](1l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 8l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 15l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 24l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 35l.toLong))));
    assert(tri((20l)).equals((List[Long](1l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 8l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 15l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 24l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 35l.toLong, 6l.toLong, 48l.toLong, 7l.toLong, 63l.toLong, 8l.toLong, 80l.toLong, 9l.toLong, 99l.toLong, 10l.toLong, 120l.toLong, 11l.toLong))));
    assert(tri((0l)).equals((List[Long](1l.toLong))));
    assert(tri((1l)).equals((List[Long](1l.toLong, 3l.toLong))));
    }

}


def doAlgebra(op : List[String], operand : List[Long]) : Long = {
    sys.exit(0)
}

import scala.math._
import scala.collection.mutable._
object Problem {
    // Given two lists operator, and operand. The first list has basic algebra operations, and
    // the second list is a list of integers. Use the two given lists to build the algebric
    // expression and return the evaluation of this expression.
    // The basic algebra operations:
    // Addition ( + )
    // Subtraction ( - )
    // Multiplication ( * )
    // Floor division ( // )
    // Exponentiation ( ** )
    // Example:
    // operator['+', '*', '-']
    // list = [2, 3, 4, 5]
    // result = 2 + 3 * 4 - 5
    // => result = 9
    // Note:
    // The length of operator list is equal to the length of operand list minus one.
    // Operand is a list of of non-negative integers.
    // Operator list has at least one operator, and operand list has at least two operands.
#<INSERT>
    def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    assert(doAlgebra((List[String]("**", "*", "+")), (List[Long](2l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 5l.toLong))) == (37l));
    assert(doAlgebra((List[String]("+", "*", "-")), (List[Long](2l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 5l.toLong))) == (9l));
    assert(doAlgebra((List[String]("//", "*")), (List[Long](7l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 4l.toLong))) == (8l));
    }

}


def encode(message : String) : String = {
    sys.exit(0)
}

Please convert the following code into Scala, with the function signature `encode(message: String): String`.
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import necessary packages, do not generate additional code.

```python

def encode(message):

    vowels = "aeiouAEIOU"
    vowels_replace = dict([(i, chr(ord(i) + 2)) for i in vowels])
    message = message.swapcase()
    return ''.join([vowels_replace[i] if i in vowels else i for i in message])

```

import scala.math._
import scala.collection.mutable._
object Problem {
    // Write a function that takes a message, and encodes in such a
    // way that it swaps case of all letters, replaces all vowels in
    // the message with the letter that appears 2 places ahead of that
    // vowel in the english alphabet.
    // Assume only letters.
    // Examples:
    // >>> encode(("test"))
    // ("TGST")
    // >>> encode(("This is a message"))
    // ("tHKS KS C MGSSCGG")
#<INSERT>
    def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    assert(encode(("TEST")).equals(("tgst")));
    assert(encode(("Mudasir")).equals(("mWDCSKR")));
    assert(encode(("YES")).equals(("ygs")));
    assert(encode(("This is a message")).equals(("tHKS KS C MGSSCGG")));
    assert(encode(("I DoNt KnOw WhAt tO WrItE")).equals(("k dQnT kNqW wHcT Tq wRkTg")));
    }

}


def strangeSortList(lst : List[Long]) : List[Long] = {
    sys.exit(0)
}

Please convert the following code to Scala, with the function signature `strangeSortList(lst : List[Long]) : List[Long]`
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import necessary packages, do not generate additional code

```python

def strange_sort_list(lst):

    res, switch = [], True
    while lst:
        res.append(min(lst) if switch else max(lst))
        lst.remove(res[-1])
        switch = not switch
    return res

```

import scala.math._
import scala.collection.mutable._
object Problem {
    // Given list of integers, return list in strange order.
    // Strange sorting, is when you start with the minimum value,
    // then maximum of the remaining integers, then minimum and so on.
    // Examples:
    // >>> strangeSortList((List[Long](1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 4l.toLong)))
    // (List[Long](1l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong))
    // >>> strangeSortList((List[Long](5l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 5l.toLong)))
    // (List[Long](5l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 5l.toLong))
    // >>> strangeSortList((List[Long]()))
    // (List[Long]())
#<INSERT>
    def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    assert(strangeSortList((List[Long](1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 4l.toLong))).equals((List[Long](1l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong))));
    assert(strangeSortList((List[Long](5l.toLong, 6l.toLong, 7l.toLong, 8l.toLong, 9l.toLong))).equals((List[Long](5l.toLong, 9l.toLong, 6l.toLong, 8l.toLong, 7l.toLong))));
    assert(strangeSortList((List[Long](1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 5l.toLong))).equals((List[Long](1l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 3l.toLong))));
    assert(strangeSortList((List[Long](5l.toLong, 6l.toLong, 7l.toLong, 8l.toLong, 9l.toLong, 1l.toLong))).equals((List[Long](1l.toLong, 9l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 8l.toLong, 6l.toLong, 7l.toLong))));
    assert(strangeSortList((List[Long](5l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 5l.toLong))).equals((List[Long](5l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 5l.toLong))));
    assert(strangeSortList((List[Long]())).equals((List[Long]())));
    assert(strangeSortList((List[Long](1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 6l.toLong, 7l.toLong, 8l.toLong))).equals((List[Long](1l.toLong, 8l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 7l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 6l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 5l.toLong))));
    assert(strangeSortList((List[Long](0l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 5l.toLong, -5l.toLong, -5l.toLong))).equals((List[Long](-5l.toLong, 5l.toLong, -5l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 0l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 2l.toLong))));
    assert(strangeSortList((List[Long](111111l.toLong))).equals((List[Long](111111l.toLong))));
    }

}


def fizzBuzz(n : Long) : Long = {
    sys.exit(0)
}

Please convert the following code to Scala, with the function signature `fizzBuzz(n : Long) : Long`. Note:
1. It is only necessary to implement the target function and import the required packages, do not generate additional code.

```python

def fizz_buzz(n: int):

    ns = []
    for i in range(n):
        if i % 11 == 0 or i % 13 == 0:
            ns.append(i)
    s = ''.join(list(map(str, ns)))
    ans = 0
    for c in s:
        ans += (c == '7')
    return ans

```

import scala.math._
import scala.collection.mutable._
object Problem {
    // Return the number of times the digit 7 appears in integers less than n which are divisible by 11 or 13.
    // >>> fizzBuzz((50l))
    // (0l)
    // >>> fizzBuzz((78l))
    // (2l)
    // >>> fizzBuzz((79l))
    // (3l)
#<INSERT>
    def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    assert(fizzBuzz((50l)) == (0l));
    assert(fizzBuzz((78l)) == (2l));
    assert(fizzBuzz((79l)) == (3l));
    assert(fizzBuzz((100l)) == (3l));
    assert(fizzBuzz((200l)) == (6l));
    assert(fizzBuzz((4000l)) == (192l));
    assert(fizzBuzz((10000l)) == (639l));
    assert(fizzBuzz((100000l)) == (8026l));
    }

}


def roundedAvg(n : Long, m : Long) : Either[String, Long] = {
    sys.exit(0)
}

Please implement the following code in Scala, with the function signature `roundedAvg(n: Long, m: Long): Either[String, Long]`
Note:
1. Just implement the target function and import the necessary packages, do not generate other code.

```python

def rounded_avg(n, m):

    if m < n:
        return -1
    summation = 0
    for i in range(n, m+1):
        summation += i
    return bin(round(summation/(m - n + 1)))

```

import scala.math._
import scala.collection.mutable._
object Problem {
    // You are given two positive integers n and m, and your task is to compute the
    // average of the integers from n through m (including n and m).
    // Round the answer to the nearest integer and convert that to binary.
    // If n is greater than m, return -1.
    // Example:
    // >>> roundedAvg((1l), (5l))
    // "0b11"
    // >>> roundedAvg((7l), (5l))
    // -1l
    // >>> roundedAvg((10l), (20l))
    // "0b1111"
    // >>> roundedAvg((20l), (33l))
    // "0b11010"
#<INSERT>
    def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    assert(roundedAvg((1l), (5l)).equals("0b11"));
    assert(roundedAvg((7l), (13l)).equals("0b1010"));
    assert(roundedAvg((964l), (977l)).equals("0b1111001010"));
    assert(roundedAvg((996l), (997l)).equals("0b1111100100"));
    assert(roundedAvg((560l), (851l)).equals("0b1011000010"));
    assert(roundedAvg((185l), (546l)).equals("0b101101110"));
    assert(roundedAvg((362l), (496l)).equals("0b110101101"));
    assert(roundedAvg((350l), (902l)).equals("0b1001110010"));
    assert(roundedAvg((197l), (233l)).equals("0b11010111"));
    assert(roundedAvg((7l), (5l)).equals(-1l));
    assert(roundedAvg((5l), (1l)).equals(-1l));
    assert(roundedAvg((5l), (5l)).equals("0b101"));
    }

}


def parseMusic(music_string : String) : List[Long] = {
    sys.exit(0)
}

Please convert the following code to Scala, with the function signature `parseMusic(music_string : String) : List[Long]`. Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import necessary packages without generating other code.

```python
from typing import List

def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:

    note_map = {'o': 4, 'o|': 2, '.|': 1}
    return [note_map[x] for x in music_string.split(' ') if x]

```

import scala.math._
import scala.collection.mutable._
object Problem {
    // Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.
    // Your task is to parse this string and return list of integers corresponding to how many beats does each
    // not last.
    // Here is a legend:
    // 'o' - whole note, lasts four beats
    // 'o|' - half note, lasts two beats
    // '.|' - quater note, lasts one beat
    // >>> parseMusic(("o o| .| o| o| .| .| .| .| o o"))
    // (List[Long](4l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 4l.toLong))
#<INSERT>
    def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    assert(parseMusic(("")).equals((List[Long]())));
    assert(parseMusic(("o o o o")).equals((List[Long](4l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 4l.toLong))));
    assert(parseMusic((".| .| .| .|")).equals((List[Long](1l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong))));
    assert(parseMusic(("o| o| .| .| o o o o")).equals((List[Long](2l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 4l.toLong))));
    assert(parseMusic(("o| .| o| .| o o| o o|")).equals((List[Long](2l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 2l.toLong))));
    }

}


def encrypt(s : String) : String = {
    sys.exit(0)
}

Please modify the following code to be implemented in Scala, with the function signature `encrypt(s: String): String`
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and include necessary imports, do not generate other code

```python

def encrypt(s):

    d = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
    out = ''
    for c in s:
        if c in d:
            out += d[(d.index(c)+2*2) % 26]
        else:
            out += c
    return out

```

import scala.math._
import scala.collection.mutable._
object Problem {
    // Create a function encrypt that takes a string as an argument and
    // returns a string encrypted with the alphabet being rotated.
    // The alphabet should be rotated in a manner such that the letters
    // shift down by two multiplied to two places.
    // For example:
    // >>> encrypt(("hi"))
    // ("lm")
    // >>> encrypt(("asdfghjkl"))
    // ("ewhjklnop")
    // >>> encrypt(("gf"))
    // ("kj")
    // >>> encrypt(("et"))
    // ("ix")
#<INSERT>
    def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    assert(encrypt(("hi")).equals(("lm")));
    assert(encrypt(("asdfghjkl")).equals(("ewhjklnop")));
    assert(encrypt(("gf")).equals(("kj")));
    assert(encrypt(("et")).equals(("ix")));
    assert(encrypt(("faewfawefaewg")).equals(("jeiajeaijeiak")));
    assert(encrypt(("hellomyfriend")).equals(("lippsqcjvmirh")));
    assert(encrypt(("dxzdlmnilfuhmilufhlihufnmlimnufhlimnufhfucufh")).equals(("hbdhpqrmpjylqmpyjlpmlyjrqpmqryjlpmqryjljygyjl")));
    assert(encrypt(("a")).equals(("e")));
    }

}


def filterIntegers(values : List[Any]) : List[Long] = {
    sys.exit(0)
}

Please convert the following code to Scala, with the function signature `filterIntegers(values : List[Any]) : List[Long]`
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import the necessary packages, do not generate other code

```python
from typing import List, Any

def filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:

    return [x for x in values if isinstance(x, int)]

```

import scala.math._
import scala.collection.mutable._
object Problem {
    // Filter given list of any scalathon values only for integers
    // >>> filterIntegers((List[Any]("a", 3.14f, 5l)))
    // (List[Long](5l.toLong))
    // >>> filterIntegers((List[Any](1l, 2l, 3l, "abc", Map[Long,Long](), List[Long]())))
    // (List[Long](1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong))
#<INSERT>
    def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    assert(filterIntegers((List[Any]())).equals((List[Long]())));
    assert(filterIntegers((List[Any](4l, Map[Long,Long](), List[Long](), 23.2f, 9l, "adasd"))).equals((List[Long](4l.toLong, 9l.toLong))));
    assert(filterIntegers((List[Any](3l, "c", 3l, 3l, "a", "b"))).equals((List[Long](3l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 3l.toLong))));
    }

}


def maxFill(grid : List[List[Long]], capacity : Long) : Long = {
    sys.exit(0)
}

Please translate the following code into Scala, keeping the function signature as `maxFill(grid : List[List[Long]], capacity : Long) : Long`.
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import the necessary packages, do not generate other code.

```python

def max_fill(grid, capacity):
    import math

    return sum([math.ceil(sum(arr)/capacity) for arr in grid])

```

import scala.math._
import scala.collection.mutable._
object Problem {
    // You are given a rectangular grid of wells. Each row represents a single well,
    // and each 1 in a row represents a single unit of water.
    // Each well has a corresponding bucket that can be used to extract water from it,
    // and all buckets have the same capacity.
    // Your task is to use the buckets to empty the wells.
    // Output the number of times you need to lower the buckets.
    // Example 1:
    // >>> maxFill((List[List[Long]](List[Long](0l.toLong, 0l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 0l.toLong), List[Long](0l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 0l.toLong, 0l.toLong), List[Long](1l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong))), (1l))
    // (6l)
    // Example 2:
    // >>> maxFill((List[List[Long]](List[Long](0l.toLong, 0l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong), List[Long](0l.toLong, 0l.toLong, 0l.toLong, 0l.toLong), List[Long](1l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong), List[Long](0l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong))), (2l))
    // (5l)
    // Example 3:
    // >>> maxFill((List[List[Long]](List[Long](0l.toLong, 0l.toLong, 0l.toLong), List[Long](0l.toLong, 0l.toLong, 0l.toLong))), (5l))
    // (0l)
    // Constraints:
    // * all wells have the same length
    // * 1 <= grid.length <= 10^2
    // * 1 <= grid[:,1].length <= 10^2
    // * grid[i][j] -> 0 | 1
    // * 1 <= capacity <= 10
#<INSERT>
    def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    assert(maxFill((List[List[Long]](List[Long](0l.toLong, 0l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 0l.toLong), List[Long](0l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 0l.toLong, 0l.toLong), List[Long](1l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong))), (1l)) == (6l));
    assert(maxFill((List[List[Long]](List[Long](0l.toLong, 0l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong), List[Long](0l.toLong, 0l.toLong, 0l.toLong, 0l.toLong), List[Long](1l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong), List[Long](0l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong))), (2l)) == (5l));
    assert(maxFill((List[List[Long]](List[Long](0l.toLong, 0l.toLong, 0l.toLong), List[Long](0l.toLong, 0l.toLong, 0l.toLong))), (5l)) == (0l));
    assert(maxFill((List[List[Long]](List[Long](1l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong), List[Long](1l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong))), (2l)) == (4l));
    assert(maxFill((List[List[Long]](List[Long](1l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong), List[Long](1l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 1l.toLong))), (9l)) == (2l));
    }

}


def doubleTheDifference(lst : List[Float]) : Long = {
    sys.exit(0)
}

Please implement the following code in Scala, with the function signature `doubleTheDifference(lst : List[Float]) : Long`
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import necessary packages, do not generate other code.

```python

def double_the_difference(lst):

    return sum([i**2 for i in lst if i > 0 and i%2!=0 and "." not in str(i)])

```

import scala.math._
import scala.collection.mutable._
object Problem {
    // Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers
    // in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.
    // >>> doubleTheDifference((List[Float](1l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 0l.toLong)))
    // (10l)
    // >>> doubleTheDifference((List[Float](-1l.toLong, -2l.toLong, 0l.toLong)))
    // (0l)
    // >>> doubleTheDifference((List[Float](9l.toLong, -2l.toLong)))
    // (81l)
    // >>> doubleTheDifference((List[Float](0l.toLong)))
    // (0l)
    // If the input list is empty, return 0.
#<INSERT>
    def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    assert(doubleTheDifference((List[Float]())) == (0l));
    assert(doubleTheDifference((List[Float](5.0f.toFloat, 4.0f.toFloat))) == (25l));
    assert(doubleTheDifference((List[Float](0.1f.toFloat, 0.2f.toFloat, 0.3f.toFloat))) == (0l));
    assert(doubleTheDifference((List[Float](-10.0f.toFloat, -20.0f.toFloat, -30.0f.toFloat))) == (0l));
    assert(doubleTheDifference((List[Float](-1.0f.toFloat, -2.0f.toFloat, 8.0f.toFloat))) == (0l));
    assert(doubleTheDifference((List[Float](0.2f.toFloat, 3.0f.toFloat, 5.0f.toFloat))) == (34l));
    assert(doubleTheDifference((List[Float](-9.0f.toFloat, -7.0f.toFloat, -5.0f.toFloat, -3.0f.toFloat, -1.0f.toFloat, 1.0f.toFloat, 3.0f.toFloat, 5.0f.toFloat, 7.0f.toFloat, 9.0f.toFloat))) == (165l));
    }

}


def sortArray(array : List[Long]) : List[Long] = {
    sys.exit(0)
}

Please convert the following code to Scala, with the function signature `sortArray(array : List[Long]) : List[Long]`
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import necessary packages, do not generate additional code

```scala

def sortArray(array: List[Long]): List[Long] = {

    if (array.isEmpty) List() else array.sorted(Ordering.Long.reverse.takeWhile(_ => (array.head + array.last) % 2 == 0))
}

```

import scala.math._
import scala.collection.mutable._
object Problem {
    // Given a list of non-negative integers, return a coscala of the given list after sorting,
    // you will sort the given list in ascending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is odd,
    // or sort it in descending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is even.
    // Note:
    // * don't change the given list.
    // Examples:
    // >>> sortArray((List[Long]()))
    // (List[Long]())
    // >>> sortArray((List[Long](5l.toLong)))
    // (List[Long](5l.toLong))
    // >>> sortArray((List[Long](2l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 0l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 5l.toLong)))
    // (List[Long](0l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 5l.toLong))
    // >>> sortArray((List[Long](2l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 0l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 6l.toLong)))
    // (List[Long](6l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 0l.toLong))
#<INSERT>
    def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    assert(sortArray((List[Long]())).equals((List[Long]())));
    assert(sortArray((List[Long](5l.toLong))).equals((List[Long](5l.toLong))));
    assert(sortArray((List[Long](2l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 0l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 5l.toLong))).equals((List[Long](0l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 5l.toLong))));
    assert(sortArray((List[Long](2l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 0l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 6l.toLong))).equals((List[Long](6l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 0l.toLong))));
    assert(sortArray((List[Long](2l.toLong, 1l.toLong))).equals((List[Long](1l.toLong, 2l.toLong))));
    assert(sortArray((List[Long](15l.toLong, 42l.toLong, 87l.toLong, 32l.toLong, 11l.toLong, 0l.toLong))).equals((List[Long](0l.toLong, 11l.toLong, 15l.toLong, 32l.toLong, 42l.toLong, 87l.toLong))));
    assert(sortArray((List[Long](21l.toLong, 14l.toLong, 23l.toLong, 11l.toLong))).equals((List[Long](23l.toLong, 21l.toLong, 14l.toLong, 11l.toLong))));
    }

}


def countUpper(s : String) : Long = {
    sys.exit(0)
}

Please convert the following code to Scala, with the function signature `countUpper(s: String): Long`.
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import necessary packages, do not generate additional code.

```python

def count_upper(s):

    count = 0
    for i in range(0,len(s),2):
        if s[i] in "AEIOU":
            count += 1
    return count

```

import scala.math._
import scala.collection.mutable._
object Problem {
    // Given a string s, count the number of uppercase vowels in even indices.
    // For example:
    // >>> countUpper(("aBCdEf"))
    // (1l)
    // >>> countUpper(("abcdefg"))
    // (0l)
    // >>> countUpper(("dBBE"))
    // (0l)
#<INSERT>
    def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    assert(countUpper(("aBCdEf")) == (1l));
    assert(countUpper(("abcdefg")) == (0l));
    assert(countUpper(("dBBE")) == (0l));
    assert(countUpper(("B")) == (0l));
    assert(countUpper(("U")) == (1l));
    assert(countUpper(("")) == (0l));
    assert(countUpper(("EEEE")) == (2l));
    }

}


def derivative(xs : List[Long]) : List[Long] = {
    sys.exit(0)
}

Please implement the following code in Scala, with the function signature `derivative(xs: List[Long]): List[Long]`
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import necessary packages, do not generate other code

```python

def derivative(xs: list):

    return [(i * x) for i, x in enumerate(xs)][1:]

```

import scala.math._
import scala.collection.mutable._
object Problem {
    // xs represent coefficients of a polynomial.
    // xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[2] * x^2 + ....
    // Return derivative of this polynomial in the same form.
    // >>> derivative((List[Long](3l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 5l.toLong)))
    // (List[Long](1l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 12l.toLong, 20l.toLong))
    // >>> derivative((List[Long](1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong)))
    // (List[Long](2l.toLong, 6l.toLong))
#<INSERT>
    def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    assert(derivative((List[Long](3l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 5l.toLong))).equals((List[Long](1l.toLong, 4l.toLong, 12l.toLong, 20l.toLong))));
    assert(derivative((List[Long](1l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong))).equals((List[Long](2l.toLong, 6l.toLong))));
    assert(derivative((List[Long](3l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 1l.toLong))).equals((List[Long](2l.toLong, 2l.toLong))));
    assert(derivative((List[Long](3l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 1l.toLong, 0l.toLong, 4l.toLong))).equals((List[Long](2l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 0l.toLong, 16l.toLong))));
    assert(derivative((List[Long](1l.toLong))).equals((List[Long]())));
    }

}


def iscube(a : Long) : Boolean = {
    sys.exit(0)
}

Please implement the following code in Scala, with the function signature `iscube(a: Long): Boolean`
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import necessary packages; do not generate other code

```python

def iscube(a):

    a = abs(a)
    return int(round(a ** (1. / 3))) ** 3 == a

```

import scala.math._
import scala.collection.mutable._
object Problem {
    // Write a function that takes an integer a and returns true
    // if this ingeger is a cube of some integer number.
    // Note: you may assume the input is always valid.
    // Examples:
    // >>> iscube((1l))
    // (true)
    // >>> iscube((2l))
    // (false)
    // >>> iscube((-1l))
    // (true)
    // >>> iscube((64l))
    // (true)
    // >>> iscube((0l))
    // (true)
    // >>> iscube((180l))
    // (false)
#<INSERT>
    def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    assert(iscube((1l)) == (true));
    assert(iscube((2l)) == (false));
    assert(iscube((-1l)) == (true));
    assert(iscube((64l)) == (true));
    assert(iscube((180l)) == (false));
    assert(iscube((1000l)) == (true));
    assert(iscube((0l)) == (true));
    assert(iscube((1729l)) == (false));
    }

}


def unique(l : List[Long]) : List[Long] = {
    sys.exit(0)
}

Please implement the following code in Scala, with the function signature `unique(l: List[Long]): List[Long]`
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import the necessary packages, do not generate other code

```scala
def unique(l: List[Long]): List[Long] =
    l.toSet.toList.sorted
```

import scala.math._
import scala.collection.mutable._
object Problem {
    // Return sorted unique elements in a list
    // >>> unique((List[Long](5l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 9l.toLong, 0l.toLong, 123l.toLong)))
    // (List[Long](0l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 9l.toLong, 123l.toLong))
#<INSERT>
    def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    assert(unique((List[Long](5l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 9l.toLong, 0l.toLong, 123l.toLong))).equals((List[Long](0l.toLong, 2l.toLong, 3l.toLong, 5l.toLong, 9l.toLong, 123l.toLong))));
    }

}


def solve(N : Long) : String = {
    sys.exit(0)
}

Please convert the following code to Scala, with the function signature `solve(N: Long): String`
Note:
1. Only implement the target function and import the necessary packages, do not generate other code

```scala

def solve(N: Long): String = {

    return java.lang.Long.toBinaryString(N.toString.map(_.asDigit).sum)

}
```

import scala.math._
import scala.collection.mutable._
object Problem {
    // Given a positive integer N, return the total sum of its digits in binary.
    // Example
    // >>> solve((1000l))
    // ("1")
    // >>> solve((150l))
    // ("110")
    // >>> solve((147l))
    // ("1100")
    // Variables:
    // @N integer
    // Constraints: 0 ≤ N ≤ 10000.
    // Output:
    // a string of binary number
#<INSERT>
    def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    assert(solve((1000l)).equals(("1")));
    assert(solve((150l)).equals(("110")));
    assert(solve((147l)).equals(("1100")));
    assert(solve((333l)).equals(("1001")));
    assert(solve((963l)).equals(("10010")));
    }

}


from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QWidget, QPushButton, QVBoxLayout, QGridLayout, QLabel, QLineEdit
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter, QColor, QPen, QPixmap
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
import random

class DrawingPad(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.setWindowTitle("Drawing Pad")
        self.setGeometry(200, 200, 500, 600)

        widget = QWidget()
        layout = QVBoxLayout()
        widget.setLayout(layout)
        self.setCentralWidget(widget)

        self.pixmap = QPixmap(500, 500)
        self.pixmap.fill(Qt.white)
        self.canvas = QLabel()
        self.canvas.setPixmap(self.pixmap)

        layout.addWidget(self.canvas)

        button_layout = QGridLayout()
        layout.addLayout(button_layout)

        self.red_button = QPushButton('Red')
        self.red_button.clicked.connect(lambda: self.setColor('red'))
        button_layout.addWidget(self.red_button, 0, 0)

        self.yellow_button = QPushButton('Yellow')
        self.yellow_button.clicked.connect(lambda: self.setColor('yellow'))
        button_layout.addWidget(self.yellow_button, 0, 1)

        self.blue_button = QPushButton('Blue')
        self.blue_button.clicked.connect(lambda: self.setColor('blue'))
        button_layout.addWidget(self.blue_button, 0, 2)

        self.number_input = QLineEdit('100')
        button_layout.addWidget(self.number_input, 0, 3)

        self.generate_button = QPushButton('Generate')
        self.generate_button.clicked.connect(self.drawPoints)
        button_layout.addWidget(self.generate_button, 0, 4)

        self.current_color = QColor('red')

        self.clear_button = QPushButton('Clear')
        self.clear_button.clicked.connect(self.clearPoints)
        button_layout.addWidget(self.clear_button, 0, 5)
        self.num_points = 0
        self.current_color_name = 'red'

    def setColor(self, color):
        self.current_color = QColor(color)
        self.current_color_name = color

    def drawPoints(self):
        num_points = int(self.number_input.text())
        self.num_points += int(self.number_input.text())
        painter = QPainter(self.pixmap)
        painter.setPen(QPen(self.current_color, 10))
        for _ in range(num_points):
            painter.drawPoint(random.randint(0, self.pixmap.width()), random.randint(0, self.pixmap.height()))
        painter.end()  # End drawing
        self.canvas.setPixmap(self.pixmap)  # Display on label

    def clearPoints(self):
        self.pixmap.fill(Qt.white)
        self.canvas.setPixmap(self.pixmap)  # Update the display
        self.num_points = 0

Simulating the Drawing Function of Points with PyQt5
1. Create a canvas with three color buttons at the bottom for Red, Yellow, and Blue, along with a Generate button, a Clear button, and a numerical textbox.
2. Each time the user selects a color and inputs a number n, after clicking the Generate button, the canvas will randomly draw n points in the selected color;
3. The default initial color is red, and the default number of points is 100.
4. Code requirements: encapsulate the entire UI code into a class called DrawingPad. Name the color button variables as "red_button", "yellow_button", "blue_button", the Generate and Clear button as generate_button and clear_button respectively. The number of points is represented by the num_points attribute, and the current color is represented by the current_color_name attribute.

#<INSERT>

def check():
    from PyQt5.QtTest import QTest
    from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication
    import sys
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)

    drawing_pad = DrawingPad()
    drawing_pad.show()

    QTest.mouseClick(drawing_pad.red_button, Qt.LeftButton)
    assert drawing_pad.current_color_name.lower() == 'red', 'Red button failed'

    QTest.mouseClick(drawing_pad.yellow_button, Qt.LeftButton)
    assert drawing_pad.current_color_name.lower() == 'yellow', 'Yellow button failed'

    QTest.mouseClick(drawing_pad.blue_button, Qt.LeftButton)
    assert drawing_pad.current_color_name.lower() == 'blue', 'Blue button failed'

    drawing_pad.number_input.clear()
    QTest.keyClicks(drawing_pad.number_input, '200')
    QTest.mouseClick(drawing_pad.generate_button, Qt.LeftButton)
    assert drawing_pad.num_points == 200, "Number input failed"  # Test for correct number of points

    drawing_pad.number_input.clear()
    QTest.keyClicks(drawing_pad.number_input, '150')
    QTest.mouseClick(drawing_pad.generate_button, Qt.LeftButton)
    assert drawing_pad.num_points == 350, "Number input failed"  # Test for correct number of points

    QTest.mouseClick(drawing_pad.clear_button, Qt.LeftButton)
    assert drawing_pad.num_points == 0, "Not properly reset after clear"  # Test for point reset after clear

check()