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---
base_model:
- Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct
library_name: transformers
license: mit
pipeline_tag: text-generation
tags:
- reasoning
- Zero-RL
language:
- zho
- eng
- fra
- spa
- por
- deu
- ita
- rus
- jpn
- kor
- vie
- tha
- ara
---
# 📖Introduction
LUFFY is a reinforcement learning framework that bridges the gap between zero-RL and imitation learning by incorporating off-policy reasoning traces into the training process. Built upon GRPO, LUFFY combines on-policy rollouts with off-policy demonstrations during advantage estimation and introduces **policy shaping** via regularized importance sampling to emphasize low-probability yet crucial actions.
### Key Highlights:
- **Off-Policy Guidance:** Seamlessly integrates external reasoning traces to bootstrap learning from stronger models.
- **Dynamic Balance:** Learns when to imitate and when to explore, adapting over the course of training.
- **Policy Shaping:** Emphasizes important actions often ignored in standard policy gradients, enabling better generalization.
---
## Inference
Here’s an example of using LUFFY for inference:
```python
from transformers import AutoTokenizer
from vllm import LLM, SamplingParams
model_path="Elliott/LUFFY-Qwen-Math-7B-Zero"
question = "which number is larger? 9.11 or 9.9?"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_path)
messages = [{"role": "user", "content": question}]
chat = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True)
llm = LLM(model=model_path)
params = SamplingParams(temperature=0.6, max_tokens=8192)
outputs = llm.generate([chat], params)
print(outputs[0].outputs[0].text)
```
---
# 📃Evaluation
| **Model** | **AIME 2024** | **AIME 2025** | **AMC** | **MATH-500** | **Minerva** | **Olympiad** | **Avg.** |
|-----------------------------------|-------------|-------------|---------|---------------|-------------|---------------|----------|
| Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct | 11.9 | 7.6 | 44.1 | 74.6 | 30.5 | 39.7 | 34.7 |
| **LUFFY-Qwen-Instruct-7B** | **16.6** | **15.7** | **52.2** | **81.4** | **36.8** | **48.7** | **41.9** |
---
# 🌻Acknowledgement
LUFFY builds upon [veRL](https://github.com/volcengine/verl) and [deepscaler](https://github.com/agentica-project/rllm), and utilizes [vLLM](https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm) for inference. We utilize [Math-Verify](https://github.com/huggingface/Math-Verify) for math reasoning evaluation. We thank the open-source community for datasets and backbones, including [NuminaMath](https://huggingface.co/datasets/AI-MO/NuminaMath-CoT), [OpenR1-Math-220k](https://huggingface.co/datasets/open-r1/OpenR1-Math-220k), [Qwen2.5-Math](https://github.com/QwenLM/Qwen2.5-Math), and [DeepSeek-R1](https://github.com/deepseek-ai/deepseek-r1) model.
Code: https://github.com/ElliottYan/LUFFY
# Citation
If you find our model, data, or evaluation code useful, please kindly cite our paper:
```bib
@misc{luffy,
title={Learning to Reason under Off-Policy Guidance},
author={Jianhao Yan and Yafu Li and Zican Hu and Zhi Wang and Ganqu Cui and Xiaoye Qu and Yu Cheng and Yue Zhang},
year={2025},
eprint={2504.14945},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.LG},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.14945},
}
``` |